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    25 views10 pages

    5831D0AA-526F-4FD2-8485-5D5AFA8BF4C8

    Uploaded by

    Aya Gilea

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    European Researcher, 2015, VoL(91), 5.2 —-——$—— Copyright © 2015 by Academie Publishing House Researcher 4***, Published in the Russian Federation aiseretene * a ". European Researcher roan Kn * * Has been issued since 2010. ISSN 2219-8229 E-ISSN 2224-0136 Vol. 91, Is. 2, pp. 134-143, 2015, DOT: 10.13187/er.2015.91.134 www.erjournal.ru Philological sciences @uronormeckne nayKit UDC 81'23:811.111 Development of Concepts of the Category of Time in Linguistics. ‘The Role of the Subjective Factor in the Creation of Linguistic Models of Time ‘Ella V. Nesterik *Aigerim A. Mukhataeva "Karaganda State University named after E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan Mukanov street 1a, Karaganda city, Karagandinskaya Oblast, 100026 PhD (philology), Assistant Professor E-mail: ella_nesterik@mail.ru » Karaganda State University named after E.A.Buketov, Kazakhstan Mukanov street 12, Karaganda city, Karagandinskaya Oblast, 100026 Master's Degree Student (foreign philology) E-mail: mukhataevaro11@mail.ru Abstraet This article provides an overview of the development of concepts of time in linguistics from the end of the XIX th century to the present day, during which the role of the subjective factor in their growth is revealed. The article attempts to answer the questions, what time is reflected in inguistic time, what role is played by the subjective (human) factor in the creation of linguistic models of time. Keywords: Category of time; linguistic conceptions of time; grammatical category of time; category of temporality; linguistic time: subjective factor, human factor. Bueqenue AsbIKOROe BPEMA, KAK MH BPeMA [1, 124]. Pesysrark venopevecKoro MosHaHlA AKKYMYAMDYIOTCs B ABKIKe, HOCTENEHHO ckuIaIbIBAsICb B CROCOPASHYIO KapTHHY Mupa, COTKAKHYIO M3 PASIMMHBIX mpererammenuit, KOFAa-NGO cYUNECTRORABLINX M HKIHE cYUNeCTRYIOUUHN. Basixonoli Kaprune Mupa pema saHuMaer “onpesenentioe wooTHYeckoe moze”, nave HagBIBAeMOe CeMAHTHYeCKUM MpocrpaxcrboM wpemteust [1, 122]. 9ro nose xapaxtepusyeres MHOrooOpasvieM cHOUX KOMMOHeHTOR, MpHuem Kak BHeWMUM, Tak M RHYTpeHHUM — PasHoOGpasiem cpexCTB BHPAKEHUA TeMMOPATbHOCTH HM BEIPAKAeMBIM C HX TOMOMIEIO 134 European Researcher, 2015, Vol.(91), Is. 2 MuorooSpasiem pemer. Kak ormevaer H.K.PaGuena, «Konuerrt npemeni Heooponen. B Hem Conepxatca MPEACTABEHNA, NPHHALIEKAMUMe pasHBIM Mam — dbusHYECKOMY, AYXOBHOMY, oGbutentomy, Hayanomy, BepOatsttomy, axtnonatbttomy» [2, 78). Vaywenue konmenrra spesrenut (10x KOHUeNTOM & AaHHO! paGoTe NoHNMAeTeR mHOTOMepHOe KysbTypHO-sHauHMoe MeHTabHOe OGpasonanne [3; 4]), ero pomH B dopMupoBaHHH A3KIKOBOI KapTHIbI MHPa Havatocs cpaBitirerbHO HEzABHO — B 9O-x ToRAX XX-ro BeKa. Jo Tex nop 2e MH BHCTHMECKHe HeceOBAHHA BPeMeHH SAMBIKAHCH FABHBIM OGPAsOM Ha BPEMeHH Taro.Ta. Texts xanioii paGorst ~ npoctemuT» passHtTHe npecrannentit o BpeMenH B mMHTBHETHKE C Kona MOSaNpOULTOTO BeKA H AO HAMNX AWelt M BEIABIETD Por cyGreKTHBHOTO ¢haxtopa BX. cranonzerun. Marepwastst 1 metospr Matepuaiom Ana HecnexoBaHis NocAYAWIM TPYAbL TAKUX BIYANDIX sUMITBHCTOB, Kak AM. Temxonckuit, O.Ecnepees, AH. Cwmpaimxnii, JIC. Bapxynapos, A.B. Boapxo, B.H. Tema, A. BexGutnkaa, H.JL. Apyrionona, B.I. Tax, E.C. AkoBeba H ApyrHe, Lens uecnenonaHHA — OCTHrAeTeH —MHAYKTHBHBIM, —THILOTeTHKO-AeAVKTHBHBIM 1 onnearenbHDI MeTO/AMH, a TAK:Ke MeTOAOM CHCTeMATHSAIHH H KaccHUKAIUIE MaTepHaLtA. OGcyacrenne B pasusie nepuonst passuTHa xsbIKONeMeckOll HayKH KaTerOpHA TaromTbHOTO BpeMeHIL ‘TpakTORAIACH TO KAK CYOLEKTHBHAA KaTerOpHA cOSHANILA, TO KAK ROTLIOMeHHE ¢isHYECKOTO HL quocopexoro Bpement. Tlepsoe xapaktepHo sia pyccxoii mnursucreckoii rpazununt XTX ~ navara XX-ro BeKon. B Gombutmnerse rpamMariieckiX YueHHtii, CosAHHBIX B 9TOT NepHOA, BpeMa pyccKoro rxarona pictynaet Kak -Hekasl = CyGbeKTHBHO-NICHXOFOrHYeCKaA —cyutHocr. Tak, —_ cormacHo AM. Tlenikonckomy, “rosopauutit npw noMomm KaTeropHm Bement onperenaer oTHOMIEHHE BpeMenn jelicrans Ko BpeMeHH cHoeli coGcruenHoi pes” [5, 79]. Bpema pean 10 TleurKoscKomy eCTb MoMeHtT peYenoro COSHAHHA, T.e. BpeMa, TIpestcranraeMmoe rowopamuniM cyGrextuBxo [5, 79]. Kareropiia spemenst coorsercrsenHo Tpakryerca Kak OTpaxerHe cyObeKTHBHOTO MpescraweNHA © cOOTHOMIeHHH MOMeHTa pesit MOMeHTTa MBICUMOTO jeliCTBHEA. Pesynsratom —cyGbeKTHBHO-CHXOAOTHYECKOTO TOAKOBAHMA KaTeropitit raaronbHtoro BpeMeHH smHNaCK «aGcrpakTHad CKeMA Tpex EPeMeH» — Hacrosmero, MpoulemMero H GyzymIero. Sra cxema, no sitenito B.B. Buniorpazona, He Mora B nozHOit Mepe OrpasitTs cnenmdiKy BpeMert PYCcKOTO TaroMa, T.-K. B Heit He MPHNIMAUICh B Pacer -KUBKIE TArOsTHUBIE opMBT BO BoEM Muoroopasi ux dbyHKuntii 1 sHasennii (6, 441]. Tlocreine nawnHalor aKTHBHO Hay¥aTbCA THU 8 60-70-e rob XX-ro Beka, WTO MpHBOHT K pacipertinio ciicreaB rpaMMaTHYecKHX BPeMeH H Cos/laHTIO HOBBIX tpamMaTieckKHX TeopItit Ormeunrensioit veptoii MHraHcTHMecKHX KOHUeTNM BpeMeHH BTOpoii noAOBHHE XX-ro CroxeTna ABIAETER TO, YTO B HEX HacroiiuBO noxMepKHBAETCR OGreKTHBHEIL XapaKTep PATOABHBIX BPEMeH: [9, 330]. AHQIOHYHYIO TOUKY SpeHHs BBICKASBIBAIOT JIMATBHCTBI, MpHSHAIOUUe RABNCHMOCTS BpeMeHH B SKIKE OT ROCHPHATHA OFLEKTURHOTO BPeMeH TOROPSIUN. . Ilo steno BI. Yopha, ona ABIAETCH MII YaCTbIO Goxlee IMPOKOIK CxeMBL OOREKTHBHSAILIN MHA cpercTBAMI ASBIKA [10, 148-149]. OH yrsepxyaer, TO TpexnpeMeHHad cHcreMa raarora ecrs —pesymbrar OGbeKTHBHSHPOBAHHOTO MperCTABIeHHA O BPEMEHH KAK © HEKOM pale HUME TOMKAX Ha JHE — Macroauest, npourcauiest x Gyayuyes [10, 148-149]. (Cp. y O. Ecnepceua: «Bes commenua, mbt BRIY:ReHBI (EXO HS CAMOTO CYINECTRA BPEMeHH IIL, HO RCSIKOM CuIy'Ae, HO HeOGXoAUMOCTH Hallero MBINLIeHMA) MpencTaAaTs ceGe eNO TAK, ¥TO BPeMA HMeeT TOMIBKO OHO HIMepeHHe H, ‘TakHM OGpasom, Morker Obits NperCTaBeHO B BHIAe NpAMoit aMHUH» [11, 300].) B 10 2ke BpeMs, AanHoe npej(cranteHue He sRuLKeTeH OTpacKeHLHeM (pILIOCOMpeKOrO EpeMeN. Ckopee HaoGopor, To WIN MHOe hrMTOCO*>eKoe MOMUMAHHe BpeMeHH DOSHUKAeT HOA, BAUAHHEM BpeMentit a3biKoBorO [10, 159-160]. Vsysenie yHKIOHATHO-CeMaNTHTecKoe Toe, TK. CHITAeTER, YTO OGcyAKMAeMBIe KaTerOpHH o6IaaioT NoneROlt crpyktypolt [24, 18]. ynxyonanbHo-cemanTuyeckaa KaTeropua (11M (byHKUHOHAIbHO-cemanTH4ecKoe Hose) — 970 cucrema pasHoyponHensix —cpencra aoa (MopbomlorMuecKHX, —_cHITTaKcHUeCKHX, cloRoobpasonarerbHBIX, AeKcHMeCKHX HT.n.), «RBaMMOselicrayIONHX Ha OcHORe OGUIHOCTIL HX dynxustii, Casupyiomuixea ua onpesenennoli cemauruveckoii Kareropau» (23, 566-567]. Tlox nocaeaneit noxpasymenaerca onpererentioe OGulee NOHATHE, HaTIpHMep, HOHATHE BpeMeHt, OGneMMsOMIee PasHOypoBHeNKle aeMeHTS —B eRHHYIO cHCTeMy — ¢bYHKIWOHATHO- cemanruseckoe rose TestmopastbHocTH. ‘Taku OOpasom, BHIROA O RIAMMO;eHLCTHHH pASTHMHBIX cpenCTE BMpAKEHHs BpeMeHH w sabike H Ped TpHHALIEKHT dyHKNHONANBHO! rpaMMaTuKe. ITOT BKIBOA NpercTaRmAeTeH ee Goaee waxnBIM, eM mepsBti: OGHApyAcHHE TecHOit BsANMOCKASH MEATY pasHoypOBHEBBINAL Cpencrnan ASbIKA, CIYKAMUIMHE [YK Tepeslaust BpeMeHHBIX OTHOUIENH, CTaIO BOSMOrKHBIM Guaronaps MpHBNeveHIHO IIMPOKOTO SHIKOROTO MATePHAA, A 9TO B CHOID ONEPEN OSHAYATO BBIXO/{ 38 PAMKH TpaMMaTHYecKoil KaTeropH BpeMeHHt, TpaxedopMatmo NpoGreMEt raarostbHOTO BpeMeHit 8 npoGremy s3sIKOROTO BPeMeHH. Onuonpemeno c oTHM TIpOHCXOAIT MepeocaBiceHHe oMpoca 0 cooTHomeHuit oGsexrunuoro 1 siMurBHeTHUecKorO BpeMeHH. TouHee HaMeHAeTeH cama (bOpMYAANpOBKA STOFO Bonpoca — OTPAKeHHeM KAKOTO BPEMEHH ABNAETCA ASHIKOBOE BPEMs, KAKYIO POIs HIpaer cyGrexrHmntit cpaxrop ((paxrop venOnexa) w (PopMupoRAHHH sgBIKOBOTO BpemenH? B conercKoit aluuraucruseckoii muTeparype MoAOGHble BONPOCE PeMIAITHICe OAHOSHAYHO — BPeMs! B sBEIKe CCT HuNTO HHOe, KAK cHeNMdHMecKoe OTPAKeHHE OOKEKTUBHO cymecTayIOMero BpeMeHH. DaxTop MeNOREKA HCKMOYAICH H3 TPAMMATHMECKOTO CTPOS ASKIKA, 1a HB NETOM B ABKIKE MPHSHABATICA ‘TONBKO Kak BropocreneHuBtii, sanncuntetit OT OGbeKTUBHEIX tpaxTopoB. OGbsICHsLIOcb 970 TeM, TO GoxsMmHCTRO TeopHit A9B1KA CYPOHIOCe B TO BEMS Ha OCHOBE IIMPOKO pacnpocrpaneHHoro MapKcHeTckoro YueHHA 0 COOTHOMeHIM OGBeKTHBHOTO H cyGueKTUBHOTO MupoB. CyTb ero OBOIBHO XopoUiO HaTOXKeHA B MoHOrpaun T\B. Komuanckoro «OGvexrupsaa KapTuna Mupa B 137 European Researcher, 2015, V0L(9), 2 —=———— Hostaitim 1 xstiKe>: «Hpeanbustit up YeroBeKa AMIAETCA B cOOTBETCTBMH ¢ MapKeHcTeKHst HosOxetueM BIOPHMHIM MUPOM, a, CeJORATETHHO, He CAMOCTORTENIMIBIM, SaRiICHMBIM OT MaTepuamHOTO H MopoxIaeMBIM OTHM MaTepHATSUBIM MHPOM...OGEKTUBHOCTE ABYX MEPOB — OGvexrusHoro 1 cyGueKTHBHOTO, YeOReYECKOTO H BiLeMeTOBeNecKOrO — He cHHMaeTeA HH pH KAKHX YOIORIIX, HH TO:TBKO eHHCTREHHB RoTIPOC — RoNpOC 06 OTOGparKaeMocTHL nepRIEAHOTO MUpa 80 BTOPHIHOM ABAWICTCA MPHNUNNHATBHBIM H CyUIeCTBeHHBIM JIA 7AUSHeAeRTeABHOCTIL wenonexa» (25, 11-14]. Tp Takom Mcronkonain ieamHoro Mmpa YexoBeKa_MOHCKIL ueoneveckoro ¢bakTopa n sabike TepsLIN BEAK CMMICT: [26, 313], TK. AaIK «annaeTeR neoTBestteMoit, cymmoctuoit xapaxrepuctuKoit YetoBeKa, ormuaouelt ero OT BeeTo oKpyaKarouLero Mpa» [27, 6]. H jex0 snech He TOMIBKO B TOM, HTO WeOKEK B OTINYHE OT BCEX APYTHX AKHBBIX eyULeCTH Baageer sSHIKOM. B AGEIKe HaNGovtee APKO M NOHO MpomBKeTeA ApyTOe yHUKAALHOC cBOiicTEO Neopexa ~ KOTHHTTHBHAA crHocoGHIOCTE, T.c. cHOcOGHOCTS K OSHAHINO H MpeoGpasonamno ceGa Ht oxpyakaroulero Mupa, WIAs —MenIOcpesICTBEHHBIM —YUACTHHKOM —Mpottecea_OcHOeHHA nelicrourenuocti, ASitk oTOSpaxaer cymecroyIoMIHe B Heli MpeaMeT H ABICHHLA, HOB TO 2e BpeMs, «GyAYan OgUUMM 119 OCHOBIIMIX arpUGYTOR YeTONeKa, ecrecTReHHO, He MOXKCT He OTPAKATS B cnoeii cnereme axtponoornueckix «eenoB»» (28, 58]. OOnapyrkenme THX «cueoB» B cHeTEMe OTpwkaeMBX B TOSHANNM HC AGKIKe OOBeKTOR ABARETCR He Melee MpHEMINMATLHBIM 1 cyluecrsenHiM YA ACIGHENeATeTbHOCTH eNOBeKa, eM BEIABAeHHe saKoHOMepHocTeit BHeveOBeNeckoro Mupa. Beh KOTHHTHEHAR CTOCOOHOCTS eMOBEKA RO MHOTOM, ECIIH HE HO BEM, ompexenseres ero enlocoGuocrsio K mosHaMINO cBoeit cHempuKH, OGHapyaceHIO cBoero cymmoctuoro 2: «¥ 2 Kak cyumocra uneatbuoii ecre ona rrasian dynKuus ~ Guirb cyOvextom HosHanHa (4YBCTBEHHOTO, PALWOHATBHOTO, oMMEpHYECKOTO H TeopeTHECKOTO). CaM Mpouece TosHanHa BOSMOXKEH ALUN MPH YCTOEHH HeSMeHHOCTH CyUMHOCTHOTO 8, ero YeToitHBOCTH: MpHL TOCTOsUMHBX HIMeHEHHAX BHELIHETO Mua, NPM YeTORNH coxpaneHux ToxkMecTBA x HeTOREKA camomy ce6e, cBoemy camocosHtanmio» [28, 59]. OueBHHO, 4TO ASHIK KAK HEOTEMTEMAA WACT> KOrMMTUBHOTO Mpouecca M KaK cyMMOCTHOe cBOiicT NeXOBEKA He MOKeT BIMpAKATS Nexoneveckitii Mp HM KaK Gopmy oTpaxeuus OGvexTuBHoro Mupa. B nepsy1o ovepers, om Mpuignan orpaxkars cyumocHoe # nosHaIoMer cyOreKTa, ero ceumpuKY, YeTOBeYecKyIO Mpupory, ocostanue KoTOpHIX NosHoAAeT eMy BLUTETHTE ceGA US Paspala Bee APYTHN AUDEN cymtects, mpoTumoocTasiTs cBoe x OKpY-KaIOMIeMy Muupy. CaMonosHanHe Wut ocosHaNHe ceGa Kak 2° TIpouexoANT —onlocpenoBaNHo, —Yepes KOHMeNTYaIUSALNO Ml KareropusaKiO nenoepexersenno BocnpuMEMaemoii oxpyaaiomeit cpentx (28, 64]. Have rosops, suyrpenttit Mup 4eTOBeKa MozemMpyereA 10 OGpasy 1 rloZOGmO BiteuIHero Mupa. OztaKo oTHpaBHOit TOYKOIt sTOrO Mpoyecca, BHpOYEM, KaK H Beet HOSHABATENDHO!H AeATEABHOCTH B eIOM, ABLIAETCR HE oGpexrupuas AciicrBHTeNHOCTD, a cant YeTOBeK KaK NosHaoMNLit H caMonOsHaIOMit cyGBeKT. AttponouentpisM Hosta NpoABAAeTCA pexte wero B TOM, TO «HeTOBeK MOrKeT Upej{eTaBITs HeYTO B MUPe KAK COMSMEPHMOE C €FO HOSMOAHOCTAMH. BOCTIPHATHLA H leHHOCTHOI opnteranum [29]. Have sty cnocoSHocT» vetoBeKa HasbiBaioT arrrpontomerpuiHiocTs. B cB010 ONeperD, ABBIK KAK MenOcpencTBeHABAit YNacrHNK KOrMHTHBHOTO Mpouecca He MoxKeT He OTOOAKATh AHTPOHONENPHIM HOCE/HETO i TEM CAMBIM CAM CTAHOBHTCH AHTPONOWEHTPHYHBIM. DTM oGbAcusercA oGuenpHSHaNN ceroauA daKT, TO «s3KK Me Mepenaet MUD HerloepexcrBeHto: OM orparKaer KonLeMTYATHSAILINO Mitpa YeOBEKOM, TO ECT OOLIEHIEE, IH, aK ronopsrr JTHHTRIICTH, HanBHBIe MpericTaRsteHNst Yer1oNeKa o stmpe> [30, 189]. TakinM o6pasoM, NenoneK ocTacreH eTONeKOM Gnarodapa TOMY, TO [38, 45], npesicranierHstii B eMeHe BpeMeH ToNA H cMeHe AHA H HOMM, NepeHocHTeH Ha mpexonamyee — NeTOReUeCKyIo 2KUSHIb, AHAIOTHUHIM OGpAsOM MOrYT YHOTPeGMTHCH HASRAHI HeGECHBIX Te H x mepementenuii — na sape ronocmu, Ha saxame Oneii; E20 s6e30a saxamuaacr; On naxodumes 139 DWOKHO OTMETIETD, STO 1 -TAKOM YHOTPEWLEHIH CHOK EPEMEHIE MPOCEATEUETER Me LpOCTO Cis Mojenelt BpeMmeHit H KHSHH, a HaTOKeHHe Moneneli -KHGHH (B TOM Nee H TeHXHMeCKOH) HA Moe upeMenit. Tlo10xkeHHe 0 TOM, TO CKUSHB MpOTeKAeT BO BPeMeHH H MOsuEIEHA ero SAKOHAM CHPABe/VINBO TOJIBKO & OTHOUIEHII OOKEKTHBHO, HesaBHCHMO OT HallleTO COsHAHHA, cyltecrayiouero “BpemenH, Bpema, oGiaventoe B ABBIKOBYIO IuIOTb, nepectaer Gurr Hesapiicumbm. Yenonex MocpeCTHoM ASLIKA HABASIBAeT BPeMeHH ceGA, BATHBACT eTO B CBOE cylilecrsonanite, sacransner 2k1IT To Ye1OBeveCKH 3aKoHaM. Tlostrnepatentiem Tomy cayacit Tor pakr, YTO YeOBeYECKOe OGHAPYAHBACTCA HE TO:IEKO B ‘TeMMopaibuoli seKcHKe, HO Mm & «oGecHexoReNeHHoll» rpaquuMoHHol rpamaTuKoli rpamoarirueckoit KaTeropim BpeMent. HanGoree cyGbeKTHBHBIM 13 TPeX BBUTETAEMEIX B TpaMMaTHKe BpeMeH — HacroALero, MpomenMero H GyzyMero — npHHATO cuHTaTD HacroRee Bpemsi. B10 ectectaertHo, nests cooulaemoe B dopMe HacTOsMLero ABIAETER

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