1.

Appalling
‫ہولناک‬

‫ پیوبًے یب شذت هیں بہت اضبفہ‬، ‫سقن‬

Textual reference

An appalling number of women died from the disease(Louis Pasteur)(page no 69 of book 1)

Arthur stared at her, appalled. “You mean you would?”(Button, Button )(page no 5 of book
1)

synonyms

Adjective▲

i. Causing dismay, horror, or revulsion

 The prisoners were living in appalling conditions.

 It was one of the most appalling atrocities of the war.
 The regime has an appalling record on human rights.
 appal somebody The brutality of the crime has appalled the public.
 The idea of sharing a room appalled her.
 The thought of having to do it all again appals me.
 it appals somebody that…/to do something It appalled me that they could
simply ignore the problem.
 Conditions in the prison are said to be appalling.
  Your table manners are appalling - don't you know how to use a knife and
fork?
 After her appalling behaviour, we had no option but to dismiss her.
 The standard of cleanliness in some of these restaurants is frankly appalling.


ghastly,hideous,horrendous,atrocious,dire,harrowing,nightmarish,abominable,alarming,frigh
tening,grim,grisly,horrible,awful,horrifying,dreadful,horrific,gruesome,monstrous,scaring,sha
meful,terrifying,unseakable,vile,abhorrent,daunting,dismaying,fearful,horrid,intimidating,ou
trageous,astounding,disgusting,hateful,heinous,loathsomedreadful,awful,atrocious,deplorab
le,disgraceful,frightful,hopeless,lamentable,shameful,shocking,terrible,crummy

‘He says that he understands why they behaved so appallingly.

ii. Very great in amount, scale, or intensity

 An appalling number of women died from the disease(Louis Pasteur)(page no 69 of

book 1)

 I must admit my diet has been appalling. (Louis Pasteur)(page no 69 of

book 1)
 The standard American diet is appalling in its lack of imagination.

tremendous,huge,enormous,immense,colossal,vast,gigantic,mammoth,monstrous,prodigiou
s,titanic,massive,whopping
it's been an appallingly busy morning.
I developed an appalling headache

Antonyms
 Adjective▲
i. Opposite of causing dismay, horror, or revulsion,

comforting,consolatory,consoling,encouraging,heartening,reassuring,appealing,beautiful,cal
ming,delightful,good,nice,pleasant,pleasing,polite,satisfying,innocuous,inoffensive,admirable
,excellent,wonderful,great,marvellous,superb,fine,grand,magnificent,splendid,stellar

ii. Opposite of Very great in amount, scale, or intensity

minor,insignificant,light,soft,mild,paltry,small,little,minute,slight,trivial,moderate,harmless,in
consequential,frivolous

Sentences.

 The prisoners were living in appalling conditions.

 It was one of the most appalling atrocities of the war.
 The regime has an appalling record on human rights.
 The bus service is appalling now.

2.Astounded
‫حیران کرنا‬

Textual reference
 Arthur looked astounded, “Are you saying what I think you are?”(page
no 4 of book 1 lesson button button)
 .” Mr. Hubert, the simple countryman looked at the mayor astounded
and already terrified by the suspicion resting on him(page no 32 of book
1 the piece of string)

Synonyms

Adjective▲
i. Affected with sudden and great wonder or surprise

electrified,marveling,openmouthed,staggered,startled,thunderstruck,wondering,aghast,conf
used,astonished,shocked,stunned,dumbfounded,flabbergasted,alarmed,amazed,awestricken
,awestruck,dumfounded,stupefied,surprised,awed,bewildered,confounded,dazed,dumbstruc
k

I was astounded at the kindness of the gesture.

Verb▲

i. Past tense for to hold the attention of as if by a spell

bedazzled,amazed,bewildered,captivated,enchanted,enthralled,fascinated,mesmerised,arres
ted,gripped

I was astounded by its beauty. [+ by]

Antonyms
Adjective▲

i. Opposite of affected with sudden and great wonder or surprise

aware,expectant,nonplussed,unsurprised,notsurprised,unconcerned,unruffled,unworried,co
mposed,placid,serene,tranquil,calm,detached,distant,easygoing, ,remote,supine

VERB
i. Past tense for to hold the attention of as if by a spell
 bored,explained,unimpressed,apathetic,indifferent,unconvinced,unenthusiastic,uninspired,u
ninterested,unmoved,unresponsive,impassive

sentences
 The president was perfectly astounded at the intelligence.
 He will be astounded by the place names beginning with the three letters of each prefix.
 It's difficult not to be astounded at the sheer power, scale and reach of scientific thinking.
 I was astounded to see her appear from the house.

3.Apparently

‫بظاہر‬
Textual reference
o we were all, quite apparently thinking of that, though no one had as yet
spoken of the thing”(book 1 the use of force).
o . He acquitted me, apparently; and with a step that, making an effort.(book 2
lesson 5 on destroying books)

 The route lay across an apparently trackless desert.(book 2 HITCH - HIKING ACROSS THE
SAHARA)
 he is trying in fact to demonstrate that this concept apparently destroyed by modem
technology is still a meaningful one.(china way to progress lesson no 8 book 2)


Synonyms

Adverb▲

i. As far as one knows or can see

purportedly,presumedly,hypothetically,assumedly,likelily,externally,suppositionally,avowedl
y,conjecturally,seemingly,ostensibly,evidently,allegedly,outwardly,supposedly,clearly,conspi
cuously,evidently,expressly,indubitably,manifestly,obviously,officially,openly,overtly,palpabl
y,patently,perceptibly
Antonyms
Adverb▲
I. Opposite of as far as one knows or can see
really,truly,doubtfully,obscurely,certainly,surely,actually,dubiously,improbably,questionably,
uncertain,unlikely,genuinely,vaguely,enigmatically,mystically,hermetically,obscurely,unclearl
y,ambiguously,indistinctly,sightlessly,
Sentences
 He was apparently quite converted from his anarchist views.
 The plane apparently overshot the runway after landing.
 The police apparently thought this explanation perfectly reasonable.
 A series of apparently unconnected events led to his resignation.

4.Attached to
Textual reference
He examined it with the air of a connoisseur and studied the price label attached to
it.(book 1 lesson no 14 overcoat)

‫منسلک پر‬
Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. (attached to) Having a liking or affection for
‘she was very attached to her brother’
 fond of ,partial to, inclined to, affected by, devoted to ,affectionate,
towards, affectionate, with caring of, enthusiastic about,

II. Married, engaged, or in an exclusive relationship partnered

shackled united yoked
the young couple are now attached’

accompanied,contracted,hitched,involved,pledged,promised,bound,committed,d
evoted,married,wed,wedded,affianced,betrothed,engaged,espoused,
III. Adjacent to, or being in contact with at some point or line’
A vertical road is attached to point A

terraced,adjoining,joined,adjacent,bordering,connecting,abutting,touching,flanki
ng,connected,mounted,affixed,displayed,fitted,fixed,framed,installed,
Antonyms
I. Opposite of having a liking or affection for
allergic,averse,disinclined,reluctant,hesitant,indisposed,loath,resistant,opposed,
unwilling,antipathetic,unfavorableUS
II. Opposite of married, engaged, or in an exclusive relationship
single,unattached,uninvolved,uncommitted,available,free,fancy-
free,disengaged,inoperable,not working
III. Opposite of Adjacent to, or being in contact with at some point
or line
detached,undid,undone,unfastened,unhooked,disconnected,dissociated,loosened
,removed,retired,separated,untied
Sentences
 I attached a photo to my application form.
 There was considerable kudos attached to being on the advisory board.
  The children are very attached to their grandparents.
 The tiny rocket is attached to the spacecraft and is designed to propel it toward
Mars.

5.Appraised

‫جبًچٌب‬

Synonyms

Verb▲

I. Assess the value or quality of

The ring must be appraised by a jeweler before it can be

insured.

assay,recce,adjudge,audit,calculate,check,deem,examine,assay,recce,adjudge,audit,calcul
ate,check,deem,examine,assess,estimate,evaluate,rate,judge,review,value,

II. To think meticulously about something, usually before a decision is

made
 If you appraise something or someone, you consider them carefully and
form an opinion about them

consider,contemplate,examine,review,study,ponder,assess,bethink,evaluate,excogitate,r
eflect,compare,cogitate,debate,deliberate,entertain,eye,meditate,perpend,question,revol
ve

Antonyms

I. Opposite of assess the value or quality of

ignore,neglect,forget,disregard,overlook,scorn,disbelieve,discard,dismiss,reply,praise,
answer,approve,condemn,misunderstand,find,agree,discount,take on,trust,despise

II. Opposite of to explain meticulously or in great detail

obscure,cloud,complicate,compress,conceal,confuse,hide,lessen,mystify,stop,tangle,secr
et

Sentences

 An employer should appraise the ability of his employees.

 General managers are appraised by their area managers and appraise their assistants.

 At the end of each teaching practice, trainee teachers are asked to appraise their own
performance.

 The results have a differential when applying existing methods to appraise

environmental impact value of forestry investment project.
 6.Alas
‫حیف‬

Textual sentence
Alas, his little cane, which was perhaps lost at the time of the accident, was not
included in the list.(book 1 lesson 14 overcoat)

Synonyms
Adverb▲

i. Unfortunately or regrettably

inopportunely,sadly,unfortunately,regrettably,regretfully,unhappily,woefully,lamentably
,ruefully,agonizingly,inconsolably,painfully,bitterly,grievously,tragically,sorrowfully,sore
ly,hard,lugubriously,dolefully,mournfully,dolorously,hardly,unluckily,unsuccessfully,dis
mally,disastrously,miserably,horribly,inauspiciously

antonyms
i. Opposite of Unfortunately or regrettably
 fortunately,luckily,thankfully,f,providentially,happily,propitiously,successfully,prospero
usly,appropriately,opportunely

Sentences

 I love football but, alas, I have no talent as a player.

 For many people, alas, hunger is part of everyday life.

 A dead good singer, but, alas, no different from the way he was before.

 1 live, constantly thinking of my native land, alas, my heart is aching.

7.abruptly
ً‫دفعتب‬

Textual references
 While she was stacking dishes, she turned abruptly, dried her hands,
and took the package from the bottom cabinet(book 1 Lesson button
button)

 Abruptly, she began to smash it on the sink edge, pounding it harder

and harder, until the wood split. (book 1 Lesson button button)

 he said as he began to climb the second bluff that lifted abruptly from
the flat toward the sky.(BOOK 1 CLEARING IN THE SKY)

 He stopped abruptly, stumbling over the words.(GOD BE

PRAISE)
 Abruptly Chips flamed up(MR. CHIPS)
Synonyms

Adverb▲

I. With great suddenness

His abrupt departure is bound to raise questions.

precipitously,unanticipatedly,unceremonially,unceremoniously,short,suddenly,unexpect
edly,hastily,hurriedly,precipitately,instantaneously,promptly,rapidly,speedily,fastly,expe
ditiously,unannouncedly,blisteringly,rattlingly,dizzily,breathlessly,

II. Adverb for lacking consideration for others

He was abrupt to the point of rudeness.

discourteously,rudely,disrespectfully,impolitely,uncivilly,ungraciously,boorishly,brusqu
ely,curtly,insolently,crassly,gracelessly,unchivalrously,ungallantly,audaciously,bluntly,i
mpudently,presumptuously,cheekily,churlishly,contumeliously,discourteously,rudely,dis
respectfully,impolitely,uncivilly,ungraciously,boorishly,brusquely,curtly,insolently,crassl
 y,gracelessly,unchivalrously,ungallantly,audaciously,bluntly,impudently,presumptuously
,cheekily,churlishly,contumeliously,

Antonyms

I. Opposite of with great suddenness

gently,gradually,progressively,slowly,steadily,inchmeal,piecemeal,regularly,unnoticeabl
y,subtly

II. Opposite of Adverb for lacking consideration for others

courteously,politely,considerately,attentively,gently,tactfully,amiably,kindly,cordially,res
pectfully,thoughtfully,graciously,patiently,expansively,circuitously,civilly,friendlily,nicel
y,genteelly,genially,deferentially,gallantly,decently,artificially

Sentences

 Her next remark abruptly terminated the conversation.

 The meeting ended abruptly when the chairman was called away.

 The talks ended abruptly when one of the delegations walked out in protest.

 When he could stand it no longer, he rose abruptly to his feet.

8.Accentuated
TEXTUAL REFERENCE

Do I? Is my accent very bad?(play no 2 a visit to small planet)

‫زّرًدارًلہجےًهیںًاداًکرًب‬
Synonyms

Verb▲

I. Make more noticeable or prominent

Lighting should accentuate the architectural features of a room.”

accent,highlight,stress,underline,feature,foreground,underscore,heighten,spotlight,well,inten
sify,amplify,augment,grow,swell,build,escalate,exacerbate,heighten,increase,magnify,mount,a
dvance,spike,spread,aggrandize,balloon,breed,concentrate,develop,mushroom,nurture,reinfo
rce,snowball,strengthen,bloom,boom,

Antonyms

Verb▲

I. Opposite of make more noticeable or prominent

Deemphasize,mask,minimise,underplay,divert,attention,from,gloss,over,make,light,play,dow
n,disguise,hide,cloak,screen,obscure,veil,conceal,camouflage,blanket,enshroud,downplay,ski
m,over,moderate,understate,talk,down

Sentences

 The General wore white tie and tails that accentuated his normal elegance.

 Her face was set in a sad mask, accentuated by the wires that trembled to one side of her
cheek.

 The whole air of menace was accentuated by the fact that he was so cordial and soft-
voiced.

 The problem is accentuated by a shortage of water and electricity.

9.Anxieties

Textual reference
Grayson was excused lessons; for a whole day the School centred
emotionally upon his anxieties.(mr.chips)

‫تػْیع‬

Textual reference
the School centred emotionally upon his anxieties

Synonyms

Noun▲

I. A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an

uncertain outcome

nervousness,angst,apprehensiveness,disquietude,perturbation,tension,fear,misgiving,su
spense,agitation,consternation,stress,fearfulness,foreboding,fretfulness,trepidation,butt
 erflies,concern,uneasiness,worry,apprehension,unease,disquiet,distress,doubt,edginess,
nerves,tenseness,worriment

II. A strong desire or concern to do something or for something to happen

“Their driving force was clearly their anxiety to cling to power.”

desire,eagerness,yearning,keenness,longing,impatience,enthusiasm,avidity,hunger,zeal,t
hirst,earnestness,appetite,avidness,lust,excitement,ardor,desirousness,intentness,fervor,
passion,zest,intensity

Antonyms

I. Opposite of a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about

something with an uncertain outcome

calmness,calm,unconcern,assurance,cool,coolness,equanimity,imperturbability,peace,pe
acefulness,collectedness,composure,confidence,sangfroid,security,tranquillity,ease,equili
brium,poise,serenity,sureness,belief

II. Opposite of a strong desire or concern to do something or for

something to happen

apathy,disinterest,indifference,acedia,unconcern,aloofness,complacence,dispassion,impa
ssivity,insensitivity,insouciance,nonchalance,stoicism,casualness,coolness,disinterestedn
ess,dispassionateness,disregard,impassiveness,incuriosity,insensibility

Sentences

 The mothers were able to share their anxieties with each other.

 There are anxieties over the effects of unemployment.

 Many editorials express their anxieties about the economic chaos in the country.

 Our anxieties can also be controlled by isolating thoughts, feelings and memories.

10.Boon
Textual reference

‫کرم‬

Synonyms

Noun▲

I. A thing that is helpful or beneficial

benefaction,break,compliment,donation,grant,gratuity,largess,bonus,gain,privilege,benedicti
on,bonanza,concession,felicity,good,luxury,manna,benefit,advantage,blessing,godsend,help,
aid,windfall,asset,benevolence,courtesy,grace,indulgence,cooperation,consideration,benigni
ty,accommodation kind act
Antonyms

Noun▲

I. Opposite of a thing that is helpful or beneficial

disadvantage,curse,affliction,bane,drawback,encumbrance,evil,hindrance,imped
iment,minus,plague,scourge,forfeit,harm,hurt,loss,misfortune,bad fortune,
obstacle bar,handicap,block,obstruction,difficulty,deterrent,check

Sentences

 The building scheme comes as an enormous boon for the building

industry.

 These machines have proved a real boon to disabled people.

 A bicycle is a real boon when you live in a small town.

 Guide dogs are a great boon to the partially sighted.

 11.Bewilderment
Textual reference
” Chips began, in sheer bewilderment; and then he took up isolated words out of
that extraordinary indictment. “(mr.chips)

‫حیراًی‬

Textual reference

" Chips began, in sheer bewilderment

Synonyms
Noun▲
I. A feeling of being perplexed and confused
disorientation,confusedness,distraction,fog,incomprehension,maze,muddle,surprise,
tangle,whirl,daze,bafflement,befuddlement,bemusement,puzzlement,confusion,per
plexity,mystification,bamboozlement,bewilderedness,abashment,awkwardness,emb
arrassment,disconcertment,uncertainty,dismay,perturbation,consternation
Antonyms
Noun▲
I. Opposite of a feeling of being perplexed and confused
clarity,expectation,calmness,composure,coolness,calm,peace,happiness,organization
,organisation,indifference,order,method,confidence,system,understanding,harmony,
tidiness,quiet,neatness,dullness,unexcitement,beauty,contentment
Sentences
  I can only reduce the painful uncertainty and bewilderment of those first few
days by learning relevant information quickly.
 She accepted the news of war with bewilderment and sadness; feelings she
soon learned to keep to herself.
 He wrote out his rage and bewilderment, which gradually became a form of
catharsis leading to understanding.
 I stood staring at them in utter bewilderment.

12.Briskly
Textual reference
So, while others were walking briskly to keep warm.(book 1 overcoat)

‫تیسیًضےپِرتیًضے‬

Synonyms
Adverb▲
I. With great speed
“A trader said gold was selling briskly on the local market.”

presto,pronto,quick,snappily,soon,speedily,swift,swiftly,apace,quickly,rapidly,chop-
chop,double-
quick,fast,fleetly,nimbly,agilely,easily,gracefully,lightly,deftly,smartly,spryly,acrobatically,acti
 vely,dexterously,lithely,quickly,skillfully,quickly,promptly,rapidly,smartly,vigorously,actively,
brusquely,efficiently,nimbly,readily,decisively,energetically,enthusiastically
II. Adverb for chilly, refreshing (weather)
The group traveled for the rest of the day in a brisk rain.”

invigoratingly,crisply,freshly,stimulatingly,bracingly,refreshingly,sharply,bitingly,exhilaratingl
y,keenly,nippily,chillily,coldly,healthfully,restoratively,rousingly,tonically,coolly,bitterly
Antonyms
I. Opposite of with great speed
slow,slowly,laggardly,ploddingly,tardily,gradually,sluggishly,leisurely,languidly,unhurriedly
moving,delayed,delinquently,casually,calmly,steadily,lingeringly,methodically
II. Opposite of adverb for chilly, refreshing (weather)
tiringly, wearisomely, boringly, depressingly, exhaustingly drainingly debilitatingly
Sentences
 They briskly exchanged greetings before starting the session.
 Walking briskly can burn off a lot of calories.
 Remembering his duty, he strode briskly up the stairs, keeping his eyes open for any
suspicious signs.
 He walked briskly to the corner and turned right.

13.Bead
I am a cluster of bright beads(play 3 the delight song)
‫ک‬
،‫قنط نرہ‬،‫ومیت‬،‫َم‬
‫ ن ا‬،‫حیبستاکداہن‬،‫وہفیظ‬،‫ابعدت‬
Synonyms
Noun▲
I. A drop of a liquid on a surface
“As I showered after a hard day at work, I appreciated each bead of water that
struck my body.”

drop,blob,droplet,bubble,dot,drip,driblet,glob,globule,pearl,tear,dewdrop,grain,particle,spec
k,teardrop,bean,dab
,dribble,ball,drib,pellet,gobbet,mass,lump,pill,spheroid,prill,trickle,plop,splash,leak
Noun▲
II. A small piece of glass, stone, or similar material that is typically round or
spherical
“His design is a beautiful cherry wood bead and gold teardrop headpiece,
reminiscent of braids layered down the head.”

sphere,pearl,pellet,pill,spherule,globe,globule,ovoid,spheroid,oval,round
Antonyms
I. Opposite of a small drop of a liquid
Stream
 II. Opposite of A small piece of glass, stone, or similar material that is typically
round or spherical
dollop,lump,chunk,helping,wad,portion,scoop,spoon,spoonful,serving,mass,gob,gobbet,clum
p,knob,ball
Sentences
 ‘she fastened the beads round my neck’
 A strand of coral beads hung round her neck.
 She threaded the beads carefully.
 He wore a string of wooden beads.

14.Brimming

،‫رھباوہا‬،‫ابلبل‬،‫ربلزی‬

Synonyms
Adjective
▲
I. Containing the maximum possible amount of that which can fit in
the space available
The chest was filled to the brim with silver bars.’
 abounding,overcrowded,thronged,abundant,congested,brimful,bursting,chockablock,chockf
ul,chock-full,
,crowded,fat,filled,full,jammed,loaded,packed,stuffed,awash,flush,overflowing,overfull,teem
ing,topfull,level with,running over,swarming,chock-a-block,replete
Verb▲
I. Present participle for to fill to the brim, upper edge, or top
“Then she pulled her hand away, but not before I saw her eyes brim with tears.”

charging,cramming,filling,heaping,
loading,packing,stuffing,piling,squeezing,ramming,crowding
Antonyms
Adjective▲
I. Opposite of containing the maximum possible amount of that which can fit
in the space available
bare,blank,devoid,vacant,void,unfilled,clear,barren,deserted,lacking,depleted,wanting,uncon
gested,unoccupied,vacated,uninhabited,evacuated,emptied,deficient
Verb▲
I. Opposite of present participle for to fill to the brim, upper edge, or top
clearing,emptying,evacuating,vacating,voiding,exhausting,discharging,unloading,expending,t
apping,unpacking,consuming,dissipating,depleting,unburdening,releasing,expelling,draining
Sentences
 Since she got the new job, she's been brimming with confidence.
 The waiter brought over a steaming pot brimming with seafood.
 England are brimming with confidence after two straight wins in the tournament.
 I was brimming with hopes for obtaining a good liberal arts education, then training in
journalism.
 15.Baffling

،‫امویسنک‬،‫ریحاؿنک‬،‫رپاشیؿنک‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Puzzling and frustrating

intricate,secret,dark,convoluted,occult,mystic,ambiguous,inscrutable,arcane,complicated,co
mplex,deep,bewildering,confusing,enigmatic,incomprehensible,inexplicable,mysterious,myst
ifying,perplexing,puzzling,unclear,unfathomable,weird,bemusing,elusive,abstruse,impenetra
ble,obscure,
Antonyms
I. Opposite of puzzling and frustrating
clear,comprehensible,easy,obvious,fathomable,intelligible,simple,understandable,plain,evid
ent,apparent,manifest,patent,conspicuous,pronounced,transparent,palpable,prominent,mar
ked,decided,salient,striking,distinct,bold,noticeable
Sentences
 Some of the country's customs are baffling to outsiders.
 His baffling questions snarled me up.
 They succeeded in baffling the enemy's plan.
 It appears baffling because it seems to call no attention to itself.
 16.Bashful
‫رشالیم‬،‫وجحمب‬،‫ لجخ‬n،‫وپنیھج‬،‫وکجھج‬،‫رشالیم‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Not liking to be noticed
embarrassed,humble,recoiling,meek,overmodest,recessive,unconfident,wary,withdrawn,coy
,diffident,retiring,sheepish,shy,aw-
shucks,demure,modest,mousy,nervous,reserved,reticent,self-conscious,self-
effacing,shamefaced,shrinking,timid,timorous,reluctant,.
Antonyms
I. Opposite of not liking to be noticed
bold,confident,immodest,aggressive,arrogant,brash,conceited,extraverted,extroverted,fearl
ess,forward,intrepid,outgoing,pushy,egoistic,impudent,unabashed,unshy,impertinent,brave,
brazen,heroic,courageous,stalwart
Sentences
 Don't be bashful about telling people how you feel.
 Women should also remember that many men are bashful about discussing their feelings
out in the open.
 Most of people will feel bashful and unconfident in the social activities.
 The boy was too bashful to ask her to dance.

17.Beckoned
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ ااشرےےسالب ان‬،‫ خُ باِ نک ان‬،‫املئ نک ان‬،‫دي‬
‫ااشرہ ا‬
‫ن‬
‫الب ان‬

Synonyms

Verb▲

I. Appear attractive or inviting

‘‘‘A person beckoning someone else extends an arm with the palm turned
down and brings the fingers toward the wrist.’
invite,lure,attract,call,coax,draw,entice,pull,tempt,allure,charm,engage,fascinate,interest
,captivate,enchant,induce,persuade,bring,in,command,demand

II. Make a gesture with the hand, arm, or head to encourage or instruct
someone to approach or follow

‘‘I hope you will excuse me,’ he said, and beckoned to the soldier to follow
him.’

‘He beckoned to me to follow him out onto the dance floor, so I did as told.’

‘I snapped, but all the same beckoned to her to follow me.’

‘A policeman beckoned to Sykes and instructed him to follow him.’

gesture,signal,wave,motion,flag,gesticulate,indicate,nod,sign,call,summon,direct,point,si
gnalize, , incline,bow,dip,duck,wag,bobble,jog,jounce,
Antonyms

I. Opposite of appear attractive or inviting

deter,dismiss,push,repel,reply,repulse,discourage,dissuade,disgust,disenchant,offend,w
ard off,avert,stop,prevent,release,liberate,lose

I. Opposite of to Make a gesture with the hand, arm, or head to

encourage or instruct someone to approach or follow

disregard,overlook,miss,discount,neglect,overpass,skip,bypass,whitewash,avoid,evade,fo
rget

Sentences

 He beckoned the waiter for the bill.

 Thirty seconds later she reappeared and beckoned them forward.

 Imperiously she beckoned me out of the room.

 The boss beckoned him into her office.

18.coveted
،‫ااہتنیئرموغب‬

‘Is there any time in the future when you could see yourself coveting the Leader's
job?’
Synonyms

Verb▲

I. To yearn to possess (something, especially something belonging to

another)

Wish for,ache for, choose,hanker,die for,dream of,hanker for,crave,desire,fancy,long

for,thirst for,want,yearn for, aspire to, begrudge, desiderate,envy,hanker,after,hunger
for,aim,intend,design,plan,purpose,aspire,mean,propose,

Antonyms

I. Opposite of to yearn to possess (something, especially something

belonging to another)

abjure,dislike,give,hate,be generous not detest,loathe,abhor,deplore, be averse

to,disdain,spurn,object to,
resent,scorn,repudiate,dismiss,ignore,decline,reject,repel,disregard,
snub,slight,avoid,spurn,refuse,rebuff,scorn,repudiate,shun,renounce.

Sentences

 These old stamps are eagerly coveted by collectors.

 . She always coveted power but never quite achieved it.

 She was the first woman to win this coveted prize.

 He had long coveted the chance to work with a famous musician.

19.Credentials
‫اہشدترہیمس‬

i. Something that identifies a person

‘Checking out his credentials proved to be a difficult task.’
 papers,card,warrant,licence,passport,voucher,diploma,testimonial,title,certification,
deed,document,documents,
,missive,pass,permit,certificate,documentation,recommendation,references,
.
ii. Skills, ability or knowledge that make a person qualified for a
particular role or job
‘He had stellar academic credentials, a tremendous background, had
succeeded at everything he had done.’

ability,qualifications,attribute,capability,capacity,endowments,fitness,goods,qualific
ation,skill,stuff,accomplishment,aptitude
“
antonyms
i. Opposite of something that identifies a person
disapproval,refusal,prohibition,veto,denial,interdiction,proscription,opposition,rejec
tion,breach,break,ban,restraint
ii. Opposite of a person's education and experience
ignorance,inability,inadequacy,ineptness,inaptitude,inexperience,lack,loss,weakness,
incompetence,incapability,disqualification,failing
sentences
 She had excellent credentials for the job.
 , All the candidates had excellent academic credentials.
 , I can testify to the credentials of the clientele.
  She has impeccable credentials as a researcher.
 Sarah certainly has the right credentials for this demanding position.”
 The policemen went to check the driver's credentials

20.Capacious
‘she rummaged in her capacious handbag’

‫ش‬
،‫رفاخ‬،‫وعیساشکدہ‬،‫ نہمنہگ‬،‫رَفاخ‬،‫خکا ندہ‬

Synonyms

Adjective
I. Having a lot of space inside
prodigious,tremendous,mammoth,monster,limitless,strapping,burly,monumental,el
ephantine,monstrous,gargantuan,mountainous,good,major,boxcar,copious,astrono
mical,ample,commodious,roomy,spacious,extensive,generous,substantial,vast,volum
inous,big,broad,comprehensive,expansive,huge,large,sizable,sizeable,wide,abundant
,comfortable,dilatable,distensible,expandable,extended,immense,
Antonyms
I. Opposite of having a lot of space inside
cramped,small,limited,tight,confined,constricted,enclosed,narrow,restricted,tiny,inc
ommodious,insubstantial,poky,squeezed,ungenerous,restrained,held,bound,trapped
,straitened,close,mean,parsimonious,miserly,stingy,tightfisted
Sentences
 The van was capacious and he decided to fill up the space with a couple of
sacks of fuel.
 The front door of the capacious old mansion stood open.
  His forehead is capacious and high, but square and heavy and unpleasantly
shining.
 The rugged and capacious airframe offers plenty of scope for civilian
operators.

21.Collided with

،‫رکٹاےکانلم‬،‫االتخػوہ ان‬،‫اکیدورسےےسرکٹا ان‬

‫اصتدؾوہ ان‬،‫رکٹا ان‬،‫ڑل ان‬

Synonyms

Verb▲

I. Hit by accident when moving

‘A youth was killed when a passenger train collided with his car on a level
crossing in East Yorkshire last night.’
crash,bang,hit,impact,slam,strike,bash,bump,impinge,knock,ram,smash,swipe,thud,
,bump into, ,crash into,run into, ,beat,cannon into,crunch

Verb▲

II. Come into conflict or opposition

‘Between those two opposing views, ideals collide and friendships are
strained.’

clash,conflict,differ,disaccord,discord,diverge,jar,disagree,quibble,wrangle,dispute,debat
e,demur, scrap,spat,altercate,bicker,object,fight

Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of hit by accident when moving
aid,fail,fix,help,lose,mend,tap,assist,raise,compliment,protect,retreat,halt,st
op,treat,well,surrender
II. Opposite of come into conflict or opposition
accord,blend,conform to,conform with,
fit,harmonize,match,coalesce,agree,consent,set
off,align,concur,correspond,coincide,cohere,comport,correlate
Sentences
 His car collided with another car during a heavy rainstorm.
 . The President has again collided with Congress over his budget
plans.
  A meteorite collided with Earth at the same time, delivering a one-
two punch to the magnetic field.
 He drove so recklessly that he collided with a tree and landed up in
hospital.

22.crudely
،‫ویبوقیفےس‬،‫ےبیلقعےس‬،‫ےبڈےگنھرطےقیےس‬،‫ےبڈےگنھنپےس‬

Textual reference
In practice there was one big obstacle: in its crude form penicillin was
unstable

Synonyms
Adverb▲
I. In a way that is unsatisfactory or inadequate

poorly,badly,inadequately,incompetently,unsuccessfully,deficiently,inexpertly,unsatisfactoril
y,defectively,abjectly,appallingly,faultily,imperfectly,unacceptably,abysmally
Adverb▲
II. In a rude manner
 coarsely,crassly,indecently,rudely,vulgarly,impolitely,lewdly,obscenely,tastelessly,uncouthly,
roughly,uncivilly,grossly,loutishly,boorishly,commonly,ungraciously,insensibly
Adverb▲
III. In an inaccurate manner

inaccurately,amiss,carelessly,clumsily,erroneously,imprecisely,improperly,inappropriately,in
aptly,incorrectly,mistakenly,unsuitably,wrongly,badly,inadequately,inexactly,unfaithfully,unr
eliably,unjustifiably,unpardonably,
Noun▲

Unrefined petroleum
 coal,gasoline,kerosene,naphtha,polymer,hexane,naphthalene,propane,polypropylene,benze
ne,polyethylene,paraffin,wax,organic compound,methane,hydrocarbon,crude oil,
petroleum,black gold,coal oil,fossil oil
Antonyms
Adverb▲
I. Opposite of in a way that is unsatisfactory or inadequate
acceptably,adequately,satisfactorily,well,fine,good,nicely,palatably,passably,tolerably,compe
tently,expertly,sufficiently
II. Opposite of in a rude manner
civilly,courteously,politely,lately,sophisticatedly,smoothly,highly,aristocratically,intellectually
,knowledgeably,decorously,discriminatingly,learnedly,eruditely,accurately
III. Opposite of in an inaccurate manner
appropriately,aptly,correctly,fittingly,properly,right,rightly,suitably,well,accurately
Sentences
 Why do you always have to put things so crudely?
 While you all do things elegantly, I do things crudely.
 He hated it when she spoke so crudely.
 To put it crudely, the poor are going without food so that the rich can drive cars.

23.confront
Textual reference
When confronting the enigma of the Chinese planet, too many Westerners have
forgotten the Asiatic background and painful colonial history(book 2 CHINA
WAY TO PROGRESS)
 ‫ک ک ت‬
،‫ خُ نال نک ان‬،‫اقُمہلب نک ان‬،‫اسانم نک ان‬،‫اسےنمرانھک‬،‫دواچروہ ان‬،‫روربووہ انایرک ان‬

‫اسےنمآ ان‬،‫اسانمرک ان‬،‫اخمتفلرک ان‬،‫اجڑھب ان‬.v.t

Textual reference

When confronting (face, tackle, undertake) the enigma (puzzle, riddle, problem) of the
Chinese planet
Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To come face to face with (someone) with hostile or argumentative intent

resist,approach,assault,attack,meet,brazen,breast,dare,cope,with,dealwith,flout,front,provo
ke,repel,scorn,defy,tackle,beard,challenge,face,brave,oppose,accost,resist,approach,assault,
attack,meet,brazen,breast,dare,
Verb▲
II. To accuse someone of
 tax,accuse,blame,charge,arraign,impeach,censure,incriminate,indict,condemn,denou
nce,prosecute,impugn,criminate,impute,inculpate,present,reproach,reprove,
Antonyms
I. Opposite of To come face to face with (someone) with hostile or argumentative
intent
placate,allay,appease,mollify,pacify,reconcile,alleviate,conciliate,defuse,mitigate,settle,ameli
orate,assuage,calm,contain,control,ease,propitiate,quell,relieve,
II. Opposite of to accuse someone of
exonerate,clear,acquit,exculpate,vindicate,approve,free,praise,release,unburden
Sentences
 She decided to confront her boss about the situation with direct questioning.
 She didn't want to confront the inescapable fact that she would have to sell the house.
 We are learning how to confront death.
 He would have liked to be able to confront and examine his own previous self.

24.compelled
I am not to be compelled to dig the man's grave.”(BOOK 1 THE FOOLISH QUACK)

I was compelled to dig her grave! ” .”(BOOK 1 THE FOOLISH QUACK)

،‫رہمابینرک ان‬،‫وبجمررک ان‬،‫زربدیتسرک ان‬

‫وبجمر‬.
Textual reference

I am not to be compelled to dig the man’s grave.

Synonyms
Verb
I. To have caused someone to do something, usually against their inclinations

made,forced,pressured,coerced,required,drove,induced,obliged,pressed,browbeat,caused,c
ommanded,constrained,impelled,impressed,demanded,intimidated,obligated,ordered,railro
aded,strong-armed,willed,badgered
Verb▲
II. To have been persuaded based on available information

led,caused,induced,prompted,persuaded,moved,swayed,influenced,motivated,conditioned,
drove,predisposed,inclined,made,convinced,disposed,impelled,affected,biased,

Antonyms
 I. Opposite of to have caused someone to do something, usually against their
inclinations
asked,convinced,persuaded,requested,cajoled,coaxed,encouraged,urged,appealed,begged,b
eseeched,besought,enticed,invited,reasoned, ,allowed,let,motivated
II. Opposite of to have been persuaded based on available information
dissuaded,disinclined,discouraged,indisposed,deterred,diverted,put,off,stopped,halted,,dela
yed,obstructed,hindered,blocked,checked,restrained,prevented
Sentences
 They were often compelled to work eleven or twelve hours a day.
 Over the years her work has compelled universal admiration and trust.
 His performance compelled the audience's attention .
 I feel compelled to write and tell you how much I enjoyed your book.

25.coaxed
Aw, come on,” I coaxed, “just open your mouth wide and let me take a look.”(BOOK
1 THE USE OF FORCE)

‫پ‬ ‫ب‬
،‫رپاچرکراہرپال ان‬،‫سِکوکرہتفرہتف خھسلارک‬،‫اکہب ان‬،‫اھبل ان‬،‫ھسلا ان‬

‫دالر ان‬،‫اچولپیسرک ان‬،‫اچپرادانی‬،‫السھپ ان‬،‫یٹپزپاھ ان‬،‫اکمچر ان‬.v.t

Textual reference

Aw, come on,” I coaxed “just open your mouth wide and let me take a look

Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To fondle, kid, pet
 flatter,inveigle,persuade,allure,blarney,lure,maneuver,compel,attract,deceive,instigate,solici
t,pressure,entrap,palaver,seduce,temptcajole, sweettalk,wheedle,beguile,blandish,entice,
II. To ask someone earnestly or anxiously to do something

entreat,beg,petition,implore,appeal,
,beseech,importune,supplicate,conjure,enjoin,exhort,request,pray
Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of to fondle, kid, pet, tease
bully,force,intimidate,threaten,allow,browbeat,coerce,discourage,disenchant,disgust,dissua
de,harass,please,repel,repulse not,care,turn
off,scare,pressure,terrify,frighten,press,menace,subdue,
II. Opposite of to To ask someone earnestly or anxiously to do something
repel,resist,buck,defy,oppose,fight
Sentences
 The government coaxed them to give up their strike by promising them temporary residence
permits.
 The director coaxed a brilliant performance out of the cast.
 He watched with great interest how she coaxed the animals towards her.
 She coaxed the horse into coming a little closer.
 26.comprehension

‫ن‬ ‫نسم‬ ‫ت‬

‫ج‬
‫ نَماینوتنع قااتذینہوَطررپ ھاج ان‬،‫ادراک‬،‫ھجمس‬،‫مہف‬،‫ادراک‬
‫خ‬ ‫ل‬

‫ووقػ‬،‫ھجمس‬،‫ادراک‬،‫مہف‬.n

Synonyms
Noun▲
I. The ability to understand something
perception,grip,awareness,cognizance,discernment,appreciation,cognition,hold,percipience,,sens
e,intelligence,interpretation,judgement,ability,awareness,intelligence,details,discernment,divinati
on,evidence,understanding,grasp,apprehension,conception,knowledge,
Antonyms
Antonyms
I. Opposite of the ability to understand something
incomprehension,ignorance,misapprehension,misunderstanding,unawareness,inability,misinterpr
etation,mistake,innocence,nescience,unfamiliarity,obliviousness,benightedness,stupidity,misconc
eption,unconsciousness,blindness,ineptness
Sentences
 The task requires a good comprehension of complex instructions.
 The second passage for reading comprehension on the examination paper foxed me
completely; I couldn't understand it at all.
 We tried to explain the causes of the war at a child's level of comprehension.
 He has no comprehension of the size of the problem.

27.curious
The textual reference
He experienced a curious longing to see some more of the strange and mighty
desert before leaving the country, perhaps for good. (Button, Button)

She tried to smile but couldn't. “Aren't you curious at all?”(BOOK 2 HITCH HIKING
ACROSS THE SAHARA)

‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫س‬ ‫ج‬ ‫مت‬ ‫ہ‬‫گ‬‫ن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ن‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ت‬ ‫مخ‬
ّ ‫ن‬
،‫اطبل‬،‫اتشمؼ‬،‫ س‬،‫آ ی نَط‬،‫ خماؼ‬،‫س‬

‫بجعتازیگن‬،‫رناال‬،‫سسجتم‬،‫اتشمؼ‬،‫وھکیج‬،‫اوناھک‬.a

She tried to smile but couldn't. “Aren't you curious at all?”

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Having an attraction to
inquisitive,probing,questioning,quizzical,enquiring,interrogative,investigative,querying,scr
utinizing,enthusiastic,examining,inspecting,fascinated,interested,intrigued,keen,agog,eag
er,excited,moved,attentive,captivated
II. Differing in some way from the norm

odd,bizarre,peculiar,strange,funny,queer,unexpected,unusual,eccentric,mysterious,puzzli
ng,weird,abnormal,anomalous,atypical,offbeat,different,outlandish,unfamiliar,unique,ine
xplicable,intriguing,mystifying,unnatural,perplexing
Antonyms
I. Opposite of Having an attraction to
apathetic,incurious,uncurious,uninterested,disinterested,indifferent,uninquisitive,emotio
nless,unconcerned,unemotional,unmoved,detached,listless,phlegmatic,unresponsive,bor
ed,dispassionate,uninvolved,lackadaisical,languid,lukewarm,numb
II. Opposite of differing in some way from the norm
ordinary,common,conventional,plain,usual,average,commonplace,familiar,normal,modes
t,regular,standard,unremarkable,homespun,indifferent,prosaic,unexceptional,humdrum,
mediocre,pedestrian,undistinguished,characterless
Sentences
 Don't be too curious about things you are not supposed to know.
  He felt a curious mixture of excitement and panic.
 We received a number of curious stares from passers-by.
 I was curious to know what would happen next.

28.casually
“Is that so, Harry?” Sam said, casually.(BOOK 1 DAR THEY WERE GOLDEN EYED)

. He glances back at the door, then turns his attention once more to the paper and
begins going through it casually.(PLAY NO 1 HEAT LIGHTNING)

،‫ اناگہ‬،‫البارادہ‬،‫یھبکاھبکر‬،‫وییہن‬،‫اافتًاق‬

‫ اناگہ‬،‫اافتًاق‬،‫البارادہ‬.adv

Textual reference

"Is that so, Harry?" Sam said, casually

Synonyms
Adverb▲
I. In a calm manner
 calmly,dispassionately,impassively,nonchalantly,collectedly,composedly,coolly,eq
uably,imperturbably,placidly,sedately,serenely,tranquilly,unflinchingly,easily,even
ly,motionlessly,peacefully,
II. In a natural or normal way

informally,naturally,normally,simply,genuinely,spontaneously,unaffectedly,unpre
tentiously,
comfortably,openly,ordinarily,unceremoniously,friendlily,uninhibitedly,sloppily,pl
ainly
Adverb▲
III. Adverb for not regular or permanent
 irregularly,occasionally,inconstantly,intermittently,choppily,cyclically,discontinuo
usly,episodically,erratically,fitfully,inconsistently,periodically,spasmodically,spasti
cally
IV. Adverb for made or done without much thought or premeditation

randomly,passingly,spontaneously,parenthetically,trivially,unpremeditatedly,unt
hinkingly,unguardedly,ill
Antonyms
I. Opposite In a calm manner
concernedly,affectedly,interestedly,involvedly,connectedly,relatedly
II. Opposite In a natural or normal way
formally,elegantly,classily,dressily,elaborately,chicly,fashionably,ornately,ceremo
nially,smartly
III. Opposite for not regular or permanent
Permanently
at,length,firmly,regularly,solidly,stably,securely,extendedly,lengthily,long-
termly,steadily
IV. Opposite for made or done without much thought or
premeditation
circumspectly,sensibly,calculatedly,cogently,intelligently,judiciously,measuredly,t
houghtfully,advisedly
Sentences
  I casually mentioned that I might be interested in working abroad.
 She picked up the package and casually tossed it into her bag.
 He casually waved over the waitress and settled the bill.
 I spend most of my time in the house with young children, so I
dress casually.

29.confining

،‫روانک‬،‫دحےکادنررانھک‬،‫دحےسہنڑبےنھدانی‬،‫آرخیدح‬،‫رسدح‬،‫رفریٹن‬

‫رسدح‬،‫آرخیدح‬.n

Textual reference

But though this was the last of Pasteur’s great discoveries, its results were by no means
confined
Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To put in or as if in prison

circumscribe,commit,encircle,encompass,hold,captive,hurdle,jug,ring,surround,box
in,impound,lock up,trap,coop,shut in,shut
up,bind,bound,imprison,incarcerate,intern,enclose,immure,cage,keep,
 Verb▲
II. To become or make less wide

narrow,constrict,contract,diminish,taper,choke,compact,compress,condense,cramp,reduce,r
estrict,shrink,strangle,

Antonyms

Verb▲
I. Opposite of to put in or as if in prison
release,discharge,free,liberate,allow,ignore,increase,loose,loosen,neglect,open,permit,unbin
d,unfasten,
,help,aid,encourage,lose,promote,exceed,unloose,set,free,facilitate,stop,expand,untie,unsha
ckle,unfetter,
Verb▲
II. Opposite of To become or make less wide
assail,assault,attack,face,free,harm,hurt,injure,loose,meet,release,
,reveal,liberate,reject,exclude,uncover,unwrap,take out,unloose,leave out
Sentences
 I had remained virtually silent throughout this meeting, confining myself to copious note-
taking.
 There is merit in confining all this data to one sheet of paper.
 The area was placed under curfew, confining all residents to their homes..
 Many such programmes are unnecessarily harsh and increase isolation by confining the
patient to bed.

30.Crammed
،‫لمکموطررپرھباوہا‬
 ‫اچھکچھک‬.a

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Containing or seeming to contain the greatest quantity or number possible

brimful,brimming,bursting,chockablock,chockful,chock-
full,crowded,fat,filled,full,jammed,jam-
packed,loaded,packed,stuffed,cramped,full,up,overflowing,teeming,chock-a-
block,overcrowded,swarming,overfull,congested,heaving,thronged
Verb▲
II. Past tense for to study intensively over a short period of time just before an
examination

studied,swotted,lucubrated,revised,conned,ground,grinded,learned,reviewed,perused
Antonyms
Adjective▲
I. Opposite of containing or seeming to contain the greatest quantity or
number possible
bare,blank,devoid,empty,stark,vacant,void,deserted,unfilled,clear,barren,uninhabited,lackin
g,uncongested,depleted,wanting,uncrowded,needy,emptied,unoccupied,unloaded,vacated,e
vacuated,operating,imprecise,exhausted
 II. Opposite of past tense for to study intensively over a short period of time
just before an examination
Forgot,disremembered,unlearned,unlearnt,neglected,ignored,disregarded,omitted,failed,ov
erlooked,disremembered,misrecollected,obliviated,unlearned,unlearnt
Sentences
 The house is crammed with priceless furniture and works of art.
 The town centre is crammed with funny little shops.
 The hall was crammed with many people standing..
 The streets were crammed with people.

31.confirm
‫ت‬
،‫َتسُم نک ان‬‫ خ ن‬،‫اکپ نک ان‬،‫منطبوط نک ان‬،‫دقؾامج ان‬،‫اکپرک ان‬،‫مکحتسمرک ان‬

‫دصتقیرک ان‬،‫اکپرک ان‬،‫احیمرھب ان‬،‫ابتیکپرک ان‬.v.t

Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To give evidence or testimony to the truth or factuality
endorse,ratify,affirm,approve,formalize,legitimize,recognize,sanction,support,attest,justify,vi
ndicate,certify,establish,uphold,back,verify,corroborate,substantiate,validate,authenticate,p
rove,affirm,certify,testify,assert,attest,avouch,asseverate,
Antonyms
 Verb▲
I. Opposite of to give evidence or testimony to the truth or factuality
contradict,disprove,rebut,refute,annul,cancel,confuse,repudiate,destroy,disagree,disconfirm
,discredit,infirm,invalidate,oppose,refuse,counter,deny,gainsay,void,controvert,disaffirm,dis
pute,negate,confute,disavow,disclaim
Sentences
 When do you think the president will confirm you in office?
 The spokesman refused either to confirm or deny the reports.
 Please confirm your acceptance of this offer in writing.
 Your booking will automatically lapse unless you confirm it

32.cautioned
Agricultural mechanization is being introduced with considerable caution
so as to avoid upsetting the balance.(CHINA WAY TO PROGRESS)

،‫وہایشری‬،‫دہاتی‬،‫اابتنہ‬،‫آاگیہ‬،‫ہیبنت‬،‫ربخداری‬،‫اایتحط‬

‫اایتحط‬.

،‫امضتنرباےئادایگیئووجب‬

Synonyms
Noun▲
I. Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes
precaution,judiciousness,sagacity,judgment,wisdom,cautiousness,gingerliness,caginess,mind
fulness,canniness,care,circumspection,prudence,discretion,heed,heedfulness,vigilance,warin
ess,alertness,carefulness,chariness,forethought,guardedness,watchfulness,attention,attentiv
eness,awareness,
Noun▲
II. An official or legal warning, typically given to someone who has committed
an offense

admonition,admonishment,warning,injunction,reprimand,notice,monition,rebuke,reproof,sc
olding,ultimatum,carpeting,censure,upbraiding,castigation,berating,forewarning,
Verb▲
III. To issue an official or legal warning to

berate,chide,upbraid,censure,reproach,castigate,chastise ,
Antonyms
Noun▲
I. Opposite of care taken to avoid danger or mistakes
recklessness,carelessness,incaution,brashness,heedlessness,incautiousness,unwariness,darin
g,imprudence,rashness,disregard,ignorance,indiscretion,neglect,negligence,thoughtlessness,
bravery,courage,nerve,audacity,bottle
II. Opposite of An official or legal warning, typically given to someone who has
committed an offense
 reassurance,encouragement,hope,assurance,comfort,persuasion
III. Opposite of To issue an official or legal warning to
compliment,praise,acclaim,applaud,approve,commend,extol,laud,exonerate,flatter,help,con
gratulate,allow,permit,cheer,big,up,reward,clap,credit,hail,salute
Sentences
 . We were cautioned not to drive too fast.
 . They were cautioned to speak as little as possible.
 The two men were cautioned but police say they will not be charged.
 The government cautioned that pay increases could lead to job losses.

33.Captivated
You whom this age's way so captivate!(BOOK 1
LESSON I HAVE A DREAM)

‫وحم‬،‫رگاتفر‬

Synonyms

Verb▲
I. To attract and hold interest and attention of

capture,involve,amuse,bedazzle,wow,enamor,preoccupy,entertain,gratify,hold,hook,intr
igue,
,absorb,allure,beguile,bewitch,charm,enchant,,fascinate,ravish,attract,dazzle,enrapture,e
nsnare,entrance,infatuate,seduce,delight,engross,enslave,grip,kill,lure
Antonyms

Verb▲

I. Opposite of to attract and hold interest and attention of

repel,bore,disenchant,disgust,repulse,alienate,annoy,depress,disappoint,disillusion,disp
lease,dissuade,disturb,fail,forget,free,liberate,lose,offend,pain,refuse,reject,release,stop,t
ire,upset,let go,turn off,disabuse,undeceive

Sentences

 The children were captivated by his thrilling story.

 The schoolboys were captivated by the adventures of the heroes in the animated
cartoon.

 The kindergarten children were captivated by the variety of animals in the zoo.

 They were captivated by the beautiful village, played croquet on the lawn and
altogether had a delightful time.

34.condescended
‫ج ک‬
،‫ خھکناا‬،‫اباسکنر نک ان‬،‫رَفوینت نک ان‬

‫ااسکنررک ان‬،‫رفوینترک ان‬،‫انکھج‬،‫دانب‬

Synonyms
I. Do something in such a way as to emphasize that one clearly regards it as
below one's dignity or level of importance
 deign,stoop,vouchsafe,descend,bend,submit,consent,demean,oneself,humble,lower,oneself,
unbend,accommodate,accord,acquiesce,agree,comply,concede,debase,oneself,demean,gran
t,humble, oblige
Verb▲
II. Treat in a way that is apparently kind or helpful

disdain,humiliate,stoop,denigrate,indulge,snub,condescendto,deign,demean,infantili
ze,

Antonyms

I. Opposite of do something in such a way as to emphasize that one clearly

regards it as below one's dignity or level of importance
contradict,decline,deny,disagree,disallow,disapprove,disobey,dispute,dissent,fight,hinder,op
pose,prevent,protest,refuse,reject,resist,veto,withhold,rise,above
,hold,head,high,grow,straighten,increase,rise
II. Opposite of Treat in a way that is apparently kind or helpful
elevate,improve,promote,aggrandize,exalt,ennoble,advance,boost,dignify,further,heighten,
Sentences
 When giving a talk, be careful not to condescend to your audience..
 I do wish he wouldn't condescend to the junior staff in his department.
 I never thought he would condescend to betraying his friends.
 Some people will never condescend to help their wives with the housework.Setences

35.criteria
‫کطْٹیً۔ًهعیبرً۔ًاصْلً۔ًجبًچًکبًاصْل‬
Synonyms
Noun▲
I. Plural for a principle or standard by which something may be
judged or decided
. ‫کسی اصول یا معیار کے لئے جمع جس کے ذریعہ کسی چیز کا فیصلہ کیا جاسکتا‬
‫ہے‬

formulae,scales,bar,grades,guides,guidelines,norms,rules,barometers,bases,canons,pars,prin
ciples,standards,measures,tests,touchstones,yardsticks,benchmarks,indicators,law,marks,me
trics,proof,specifications,conventions,

Noun▲
II. Rules used to determine one's choices
‫قواعد جو کسی کے انتخاب کا تعین کرتے ہیں‬
principles,rules,doctrine,standards,beliefs,code,creeds,ethics,maxims,notions,attitude,axiom
s,canons,credos

Antonyms

Noun▲
I. Opposite of a principle or standard by which something may be
judged or decided
change,conjecture,fancy,guess,possibility,probability,photographer,chance,likelihood,odds,p
rospect,likeliness,expectation,liability,possibility,chances,percentage,presumption,anticipati
on,conceivability,contingency,credibility,feasibility,hazard,plausibility
Noun▲
II. Opposite of a rule used to determine one's choices
ambiguity,effect,end,result,disorganization,lawlessness,unbelief,veto,bad,manners,unemplo
yment,disorder
Sentences
 What criteria are used for assessing a student's ability?
 There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.
 People use different criteria for judging success at school.
 The school's performance is measured against a strict set of criteria.

36.daintily

Synonyms
Adverb▲
I. In a graceful manner
 ‫مکرم انداز میں‬

delicacy,subtly,finely,lightly,elegantly,gracefully,softly,tactfully,carefully,deftly,exquis
itely,sensitively,beautifully,prettily,attractively,lovelily,appealingly,beautifully,fetchin
gly,charmingly,cutely,sweetly,nicely,pleasingly,bonnily,fairly,gracefully,handsomely,p
repossessingly,comelily,darlingly
II. Moving easily
‫آسانی سے آگے بڑھ رہے ہیں‬

fluidly,frictionlessly,steadily,quietly,regularly,rhythmically,easily,effortlessly,swimmin
gly,easy,facilely,fluently,freely,evenly,constantly,steadily,uniformly,fluently,levelly
Antonyms
Adverb▲
I. Opposite of in a graceful manner
clumsily,stiffly,bunglingly,carelessly,fumblingly,gawkily,gracelessly,inelegantly,ineptl
y,uncouthly,rudely,ponderously,inexpertly,
II. Opposite of Moving easily
arduously,hardly,laboriously,strenuously,disastrously,difficultly,assiduously,resolutel
y,purposefully,intently,determinedly,industriously,diligently,hard,actively,tirelessly
Sentences
o The invitation cards were written up daintily in white and gold.
o She walked daintily down the steps.
o She skipped daintily down the street, holding her father's hand.

o She was taking tiny bites of a hot dog and daintily wiping her lips with a
napkin.
 37.dispensing
‫دےدانی‬،‫دوااسزی‬،‫ہخسناسزی‬

‫میسقترک ان‬

Verb▲
I. Dole out supply

disburse ,administer,deal out,parcel out,portion,expend,designate,impart,spread,blow,lay

out,splurge
,distribute,allocate,apportion,allot,assign,hand,out,bestow,prorate,confer,pass,out,pass,rou
nd,supply,dish out,divide
Verb▲
II. To supply or make up a medicine or prescription
‫کسی دوا یا نسخے کی فراہمی یا قضاء کرنا‬
 prepare,mix,supply,measure,provide,sell,make up,give,offer,deliver,bestow,confer,impart,
yield,present ,purvey,proffer, furnish,grant,accord,transfer,produce,hand,over
Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of dole out supply
collect,misallocate,attach,combine,conceal,disorganize,gather,hide,hoard,hold,join,keep,r
etain,secret,take,unite,withhold,misuse,mismanage,waste,misapply,misdirect,refuse
Verb▲
II. Opposite of To supply or make up a medicine or prescription
give,produce,bear,return,earn,generate,provide,afford,net,supply,fetch,pay,accrue,beget,bri
ng,contribute,create,make,bestow,
Sentences
 Several politicians were accused of dispensing favours to people who voted for them.
 Doctors confine themselves to prescribing rather than dispensing.
 The firm has been dispensing ointments.
 They were charged with dispensing justice and avenging violations of the natural order.

38.dispute
‫انتزخ ع‬،‫ڑگھجارک ان‬،‫ڑگھج ان‬،‫انمرظہرک ان‬،‫ابمہثحرک ان‬،‫ثحبرک ان‬،‫االتخػراےئ‬،‫رکتار‬،‫زناع‬،‫اجمدہل‬،‫انمرظہ‬،‫ابمہثح‬،‫ثحب‬
‫االتخػراۓ رک ان‬،‫رک ان‬
Synonyms
Noun▲
I. An (often hostile) expression of differing opinions
‫ایک (اکثر دشمن) مختلف رائےوں کا اظہار‬

disagreement,arguing,clash,contention,controversy,discourse,rhubarb,words,bicker,discussi
on,scrap,brawl,broil,contretemps,disturbance,fight,fracas,fuss,hassle,argument,debate,quarr
el,squabble,altercation,feud,
 Noun▲
II. (law) A legal or court action
‫قانون) ایک قانونی یا عدالتی کارروائی( ۔‬

cause,case,contention,lawsuit,side,action,suit

Antonyms
Noun▲
I. Opposite of an (often hostile) expression of differing opinions
agreement,calm,concord,concurrence,peace,quiet,harmony,accord,reconciliation,calmness,t
ruce,ease,happiness,praise,sameness,order,likeness,similarity,compliment,aid,approval,help,
concordance,unity,contentment
Noun▲
II. Opposite of( law) A legal or court action
prohibition,ban,embargo,moratorium,outlawing,prevention,prohibiting,banning,barring,disal
lowance,forbiddance,proscription,restriction,bar,constraint,forbidding,interdict
Sentences
 She handed in her resignation following the dispute over company policy.
 The border dispute was used as a pretext for military intervention.
 The matter was settled beyond dispute by the court judgment .
 They have been unable to settle/resolve the dispute over working conditions.

39.distract
‫ک‬
‫رپاشیؿرک ان‬،‫ایخؽرشتنمرک ان‬،‫اکٹھب ان‬،‫الصتخ ےےساٹہ ان‬،‫ خرخدبانل‬،‫ومڑ ان‬،‫ریھپ ان‬،‫ذجموب‬،‫دبوحاس‬،‫رپاشیؿ‬
‫ط‬‫ق‬
 Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To draw the attention or mind to something else
‫کسی اور چیز پر توجہ یا دماغ کھینچنے کے لیے‬
bewilder,confound,confuse,deflect,detract,madden,puzzle,torment,beguile,derange,discom
pose,disconcert,draw,engross,entertain,occupy,perplex,absorb,addle,befuddle,divert,disturb
,sidetrack,agitate,trouble,abstract,amuse,
Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of to draw the attention or mind to something else
anger,bore,clarify,comfort,explain,help,tire,upset,clear,up,make,happy,soothe,calm,quiet,co
mpose,settle,aid,assist,enlighten,appease
Sentences
 It was another attempt to distract attention from the truth.
 Don't distract my attention I'm trying to study!
 The film managed to distract me from these problems for a while.
 It was all a ploy to distract attention from his real aims.

40.drummed
،‫دلہ‬،‫اقنرہ‬،‫ڈوھؽ‬،‫ڈوھنل‬،‫نلیہ‬،‫لیط‬،‫ خدلہ‬،‫ڈوھؽ‬

Synonyms
Verb▲
I. Past tense for to strike or cause to strike lightly and usually rhythmically
‫حملہ کرنا یا ہلکا پھلکا حملہ کرنا حملہ کرنا یا ہلکا پھلکا حملہ کرنا‬
 pounded,struck,stricken,thrashed,thrummed,thumped,hit,pulsated,reverberated,throbbed,t
hudded,boomed,roared,strummed,thundered,played,the,drums,hit,lightly,patted,pounded,s
truck,stricken,thrashed,thrummed,thumped,rapped,tapped,tattooed,knocked,lashed
Noun▲
II. A cylindrical container or receptacle
‫یک بیلناکار کنٹینر یا استقبال‬

barrel,canister,can,cylinder,tank,container,bin,tin,cask,holder,receptacle,repository,vessel,va
t,butt,tub
Antonyms
I. Opposite of to strike or cause to strike lightly and usually rhythmically
commend,compliment,praise,approve,exonerate,laud
II. Opposite of A cylindrical container or receptacle
pot,tank,bag,basket,depot,hopper,magazine,pouch,unrounded,

Sentences
 She drummed her fingers impatiently on the table.
 They drummed a rhythm for dancers.
 The importance of good manners was drummed into us at an early age.
 Traditional values were drummed into him from an early age.

41.dilapidated
،‫یگتسکشیکاحتلںیم‬،‫وجہتسخاحتلںیموہ‬،‫ہتسخاحؽ‬،‫ہتسکش‬،‫خٹاٹوھُپاٹ‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Having fallen into a state of disrepair or deterioration,
especially through neglect
‫ خاص طور پر کوتاہی کے ذریعے‬، ‫ناامیدی یا بگاڑ کی حالت میں پڑنا‬

derelict,decrepit,deteriorated,deteriorating,battered,damaged,decayed,decaying,dingy,dum
py,ramshackle,ruined,rumpty,rundown,run,down,shabby,slummy,tattered,uncared,unmaint
ained,wrecked,bedraggled,crumbling,crumbly,crummy
Adjective▲
II. Low, or very bad, in condition or quality
‫ یا بہت خراب‬، ‫ معیار کے لحاظ سے کم‬، ‫حالت‬
wretched,atrocious,awful,terrible,bad,dismal,inferior,mediocre,miserable,poor,sleazy,substa
ndard,unsatisfactory,abject,dire,dreadful,lousy,pathetic,punk,trashy
Verb▲
III. Past tense for to go into decline
‫زوال میں جانے کے لئے‬

failed,declined,degenerated,deteriorated,diminished,faded,flagged,regressed,atrophied,retr
ograded,retrogressed,collapsed,depreciated,disimproved,ebbed, drooped
Antonyms
Adjective▲
a. Opposite of having fallen into a state of disrepair or deterioration,
especially through neglect
good,healthy,intact,neat,nice,pristine,rebuilt,repaired,smart,sound,stable,repair,perfect,enti
re,complete,undamaged,unscathed,untouched,flawless
Adjective▲
II. Low, or very bad, in condition or quality
luxurious,elaborate,fancy,pretentious,comfortable,extravagant,grand,grandiose,indulgent,la
vish,lush,posh,gratifying,impressive,magnificent,majestic,plush,ritzy,splendid,upscale
Verb▲
III. Opposite of Past tense for to go into decline
improved,uncorrupt,pure,uncorrupted,purified,wholesome,kind,decent,clean,good,upright,
moral, unpolluted,clean-living,virtuous,noble,honorable
Sentences .
 They bought a dilapidated house when they got married, and are gradually doing it
up.
 The house is a little more dilapidated than when I last saw it
 The building wore a dilapidated look.
 His sons have dilapidated the estate.

42.disconsolately
،‫اعزجاہن‬،‫ینیگمغےکاسھت‬،‫ےباچریگےس‬،‫ےباسکہن‬،‫امویاسہن‬

Synonyms
Adverb▲
I. In a manner which suggests that one is beyond consolation
‫جس انداز سے یہ پتہ چلتا ہے کہ کوئی تسلی سے باالتر ہے‬
bleakly,dejectedly,drearily,inconsolably,unconsolably,miserably,gloomily,forlornly,glumly,sad
ly,wretchedly,dismally,desolately,elegiacally,unhappily,melancholily,depressedly,morosely,d
espondently,mournfully,downcastly,dolefully,sorrowfully,cheerlessly,bluely,crestfallenly,dow
nheartedly,joylessly
Antonyms
 Adverb▲
I. Opposite of in a manner which suggests that one is beyond consolation
consolably,happily,sunnily,joyously,buoyantly,joyfully,gleefully,gladly,jubilantly,gladsomely,b
lissfully,merrily,optimistically,frolicsomely,elatedly,genially,good-,positively,jocundly
Sentences
 He wandered disconsolately around the town in the pouring rain.
 When I left he was gazing about disconsolately, still trying to get the idea.
 A dilapidated house stands disconsolately amid the rubbles.
 My thoughts strayed from that question as I looked disconsolately at the fire.

43.delicately
،‫اایتحطےکاسھت‬،‫افنتسےکاسھت‬،‫زناتکےس‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Very fine in texture or structure, especially of intricate workmanship or
quality
‫ساخت یا ساخت میں خاص طور پر پیچیدہ کاریگری یا معیار کے لحاظ سے بہت عمدہ‬

nice,soft,detailed,nuanced,sheer,wispy,chiffony,diaphanous,feathery,flimsy,floaty,ga
uzy,gentle,gossamer,insubstantial,light,papery,silky,thin,choice,fine,dainty,exquisite,i
ntricate,elegant,
Adjective▲
II. easily broken or damaged
‫آسانی سے ٹوٹ گیا‬
 frail,feeble,weak,debilitated,sickly,ailing,infirm,fragile,unhealthy,weakly,indisposed,l
anguid,tender,weakened,enervated,enfeebled,incapacitated,sapped,crippled
Adjective▲
III. Requiring sensitive or careful handling
‫حساس یا محتاط ہینڈلنگ کی ضرورت ہے‬

sensitive,difficult,touchy,sticky,ticklish,tricky,complicated,contentious,intricate,prickl
y,problematic,problematical,thorny
Antonyms
Adjective▲
I. Opposite of very fine in texture or structure, especially of intricate
workmanship or quality
coarse,rough,strong,harsh,inexact,sturdy,abrasive,caustic,crude,hard,imprecise,inacc
urate,infrangible,nonbreakable,robust,scathing,stern,tough,unbreakable,ungentle,ca
llous,firm,healthful,heavy,horrible,indelicate,inelegant,loud
Adjective▲
II. (of an object) Opposite of easily broken or damaged
sturdy,infrangible,strong,tough,durable,hardy,robust,firm,reliable,resilient,hefty,rug
ged, stable,uncompromising,able,steadfast,flexible,solid,undestroyable
 Adjective▲
III. Opposite of requiring sensitive or careful handling
uncontroversial,calm,stable,easy,uncomplicated,smooth,safe,straightforward,sure,st
eady,untroublesome,certain,strong,simple,undoubted,happy,secure,firm,definite,ple
asant
Sentences
 The flowers are chosen for their delicate fragrance.
 He touched the delicate petals with gentle fingers.
 He stepped delicately over the broken glass.
 This final part of the mixing is done slowly and delicately.

44.Disguise
‫پ‬
‫اپھچ ان‬،‫ ھيسدبانل‬،‫رہبوپرانھک‬،‫دبیتسم‬،‫رفبی‬،‫دوھاک‬،‫انبوٹ‬،‫رہبوپ‬،‫سیھب‬،‫سیھبدبانل‬

Synonyms

Verb▲
I. A means of altering one's appearance to conceal one's identity

‫کطیًکیًغٌبختًچِپبًےًکےًلئےًکطیًکیًظبہریًغکلًهیںًتجذیلیًکبًایکًرریعہ‬

costume,camouflage,guise,mask,concealment,outfit,false,appearance,screen,cloak,front,
masquerade,smokescreen,facade,cover,subterfuge,dissimulation,shroud,veil,coverup,fa
king,pretence, ,masking
Verb▲

II. To present a false appearance of

‫جِْٹیًصْرتًپیعًکرى‬

simulate,pretend,feign,affect,sham,act,counterfeit,fake,assume,bluff,dissemble,imitate,pr
ofess,put,on,reproduce,fabricate,ape,borrow,cheat,concoct,copy,create,crib,deceive,do
equivocate, exaggerate, favour,feature

Antonyms

Noun▲

I. Opposite of the concealing of one's true intentions or feelings

back,character,honesty,personality,reality,rear,truth,openness,hiding,movement,concre
te,dissimilarity,difference,unlikeness,humility,truthfulness
,simplicity,uprightness,frankness,quiet,honour

Verb▲

II. Opposite of To present a false appearance of

Represent,embody,epitomise,exemplify,emblematize,express,illustrate,personify,portra
y,show,stand,for,symbolize

Sentences

 She adopted an elaborate disguise to help her pass through the town
unrecognized.
  She disguised herself as a man, but she couldn't disguise her voice.

 She usually goes out in disguise to avoid being bothered by the public.

 She couldn't disguise the fact that she felt uncomfortable.

44.DANK
،‫رتحشوہ ان‬،‫الیس‬،‫تہبرموطب‬،‫تلتپ‬

‫من‬،‫اگیھب‬.a
ADJECTIVE
synonyms

 Unpleasantly damp and cold.

damp, musty, chilly, clammy, wet, moist, unaired, moisture-laden, humid

soaked wet drenched sodden soggy waterlogged watery dripping saturated

sopping soppy awash bathed bedraggled soaking washed watered doused
dowsed logged saturate

Antonyms

Adjective▲

Opposite of dark, damp and humid

dry arid parched warm waterless unwatered dehydrated cool hard bone-
dry scorched dusty watertight desert dried dessicated
 Sentences

‘It was dark and dank and, especially late at night, dangerous.’

‘At the bottom of the hill, there is a dark, dank train station in a
cutting.’

Inside are two dark and dank rooms that have been completely
gutted.’

46.definite
‫ک ک‬
‫واعض‬،‫غمہبم‬،‫عم‬،‫واعض‬،‫رّقمر‬،‫نّیعم‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲

I. Known for certain

‫یقینی طور پر جانا جاتا ہے‬

certain,unambiguous,unequivocal,clear,positive,sure,absolute,clear-
cut,conclusive,explicit,final,settled,unquestionable,concrete,decided,decisive
,firm,guaranteed,manifest,obvious,unarguable,unmistakable,assured,black-
and-
white,definitive,express,patent,proven,specific,univocal,confident,convinced
II. Firm, clear, and precise
 ‫ اور عین مطابق‬، ‫صاف‬

precise,specific,defined,determined,exact,express,explicit,fixed,clear-
cut,established,black-and-white,bounded

Antonyms
I. Opposite of known for certain

ambiguous,uncertain,circuitous,equivocal,implicit,implied,indefinite,inex
plicit,inferred,unspecific,vague,undecided

II. Opposite of firm, clear, and precise

boundless,dimensionless,endless,illimitable,immeasurable,infinite,limitle
ss,measureless,unbounded,unlimited,unmeasured

sentences
 It's impossible for me to give you a definite answer.

 Can you give me a definite answer by tomorrow?

 It's too soon to give a definite answer.

 They have very definite ideas on how to bring up children.

47.enchanted
،‫رحسزدہ‬،‫اجدوایکوہا‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲

I. Completely fascinated or absorbed by what one is seeing

or hearing
‫جو کچھ دیکھ رہا ہے یا سن رہا ہے اس سے پوری طرح متوجہ‬
‫ہے‬

Mesmerized,spellbound,enamored,smitten,delighted,enraptured,happy,
infatuated,mesmerized,charmed,entranced,fascinated,absorbed,beguile
d,captivated,enthralled,bewitched,engrossed,hypnotized,rapt,riveted,gri
pped,hooked,attracted,

Adjective▲

II. Feeling or showing great pleasure

‫بہت خوشی محسوس کرنا یا ظاہر کرن‬
delighted,happy,pleased,charmed,ecstatic,joyous,thrilled,elated,euphori
c,overjoyed,captivated,enraptured,gratified,jubilant,amused,blissful,chuf
fed,diverted,entertained,glad,gladdened,gleeful,joyful,sent,triumphant

Adjective

III. Under a spell

‫ایک جادو کے تحت‬
 berserk,crazed,bewitched,cursed,haunted,maddened,obsessed,raving,b
edeviled,consumed,demented,frenetic,frenzied,insane,mad,calm,collect
ed,composed

Antonyms
Adjective▲

I. Opposite of completely fascinated or absorbed by what one is seeing or

hearing

distracted,despising,tired,disenthralled,indifferent,disliked

Adjective▲

II. Opposite of feeling or showing great pleasure

disappointed,dismayed,displeased,dissatisfied,joyless,sad,unhappy,unpl
eased,unsatisfied,bored,depressed,melancholy,miserable,pained,sorrow
ful,troubled,down,upset,unenthusiastic,indifferent,wretched,dejected,w
oebegone

Adjective▲

III. Opposite of under a spell

disgusted,disenchanted,disinterested,unlucky,indifferent

sentences
 The audience was clearly enchanted by her performance.

 She was enchanted with the flowers you sent her.

 The listeners were enchanted by the singer's sweet voice.

 The football fans were enchanted by / with the wonderful goal.

48.encouraged
،‫اامتعدوسحمسرکےنواال‬

Synonyms
Verb▲

i. To drive spiritually or urge someone on

‫کسی سے التجا کرنا‬

galvanise,envigorate,push,reassure,spur,stir,build up, disinhibit,enforce,

fillip,fortify, goad,inspire,motivate,embolden,buoy,buoy
up,cheer,drive,empower,
incentify,stimulate,strengthen,applaud,enliven,

Verb▲

ii. To advise or persuade in favor of something

‫کسی چیز کے حق میں مشورہ دینا یا راضی کرنا‬
advise,recommend,urge,persuade,suggest,caution,propose,counsel,exho
rt,
instruct,admonish,advocate,guide,warn,adjure,entreat,prescribe,enjoin,
direct,order,charge

Verb▲

iii. To support or tolerate

‫حمایت یا برداشت کرنا‬

countenance,tolerate,approve,endure,brook,hack,allow,stomach,suppor
t,bear,permit,condone,endorse,favor

Antonyms
 Verb▲

I. Opposite of to drive spiritually or urge someone on

discourage,dishearten,uninspire,debilitate,demoralise,enfeeble,hamstrin
g,intimidate,psych,out,disincline,dissuade,hurt,inhibit,shake,suppress,br
ake,constrain,curb

erb▲

II. Opposite of to advise or persuade in favor of something

deter,discourage,dissuade,scare,throw,cold,water,on,disadvise,dishearte
n,dispirit,demoralize,divert,daunt,forestall,intimidate,avert,impede,deho
rt,prevent, ,hinder,keep

III. Opposite of to provide aid or support to someone

hinder,obstruct,hamper,impede,delay,arrest,stop,thwart,inhibit,check,re
tard,handicap,block,frustrate,stymie

sentences
 We were greatly encouraged by the support we received.

 His tutor encouraged him to read widely in philosophy.

 She has always been encouraged to swim to build up the strength of her muscles.

 She has been encouraged by the unwavering support of her family.

48.fringed
Synonyms
Adjective▲

I. Edged
outlined,edged,bounded,bound,fringed,skirted,encircled,enclosed,hem
med,rimmed,circled,decorated,flanked,framed,lined,margined,trimmed,
circumscribed,communicated,conjoined,contoured,defined,delineated,
marched,neighboured,,mounted,wrapped,clasped,compassed,confined,
encased,encircled,enveloped,girdled,matted,
d,wreathed,measured,circumscribed,narrow

II. Past tense for to decorate with fringe

‫کنارے کے ساتھ سجانے کے لئے‬

 trimmed,adorned,bound,bordered,braided,decorated,edged,hemmed,or
namented,rimmed,tasselled,befrilled,befringed,embellished,finished,pur
fled,piped,banded,embroidered,frilled

Antonyms

I. Opposite of Edged

boundless,dimensionless,endless,illimitable,immeasurable,indefinite,infi
nite,limitless,measureless,unbounded,undefined,unlimited,unmeasured,
free,loose,unconfined

III. Opposite of Past tense for to decorate with fringe of

expanded,diffuse,increased,prolonged,protracted,amplified,complete,le
ngthened,unabbreviated,unabridged,full-length,long

sentences
 The island has long golden beaches fringed by palm trees.

 Her eyes were large and brown and fringed with incredibly long lashes.

 Emma wore a fringed scarf round her neck.

 The bridal veil was fringed with lace.

50.exude
‫کٌبً۔ًخبرجًکرًبً۔ًًثَکِیرًبً۔ً ُهٌتَػِرًکرًب‬
ِ َ‫ِرضٌبً۔ًتَرا ِّظًکرًبً۔ًٹَپ‬

‫ا‬Verb▲
 To flow forth slowly

1. ‫آہستہ‬
Give off, give out, release,issue,seep,bleed,sweat,excrete,release,secrete,
leach,percolate,strain,transude,trickle,extravasate,convey,evacuate
2. To discharge through pores or incisions, as moisture or other liquid
matter
‫ چھیدوں یا چیراوں کے ذریعے خارج ہونا‬، ‫نمی یا دیگر مائع مادے کی طرح‬

radiate,emanate,show,display,exhibit,manifest,demonstrate,emit,breathe,embody,transmi
t,
Antonyms’
I. Opposite of to flow forth slowly through small openings
absorb,conceal,deny,fill,hide,hold,keep,load,refuse,pour,take,withdraw,collect
II. Opposite of to discharge material (including waste products)
absorb,accept,allow,ingest,keep,permit,sanction,take,welcome,take in,hold,contain,retain,
consume,incorporate,digest,receive,assimilate,devour,repress,refuse,refrain

sentences
 The hot sun made him exude sweat.

 Some successful men exude self - confidence .

 The hot sun made her exude sweat.

 These timid little creatures exude a pungent smell when threatened

51.eccentric
‫۔ًًراالً۔ًخبرجًازًهرکسً۔‬
ِ ً‫اًْکِبً۔ًعبمًرّظًضےًهٌحرفً۔ًضٌکی‬
ً‫عوْهیًکردارًضےًهختلفًکردارًهگرًاشًحذًتکًهختلفًًہیںًکہًرہٌی‬
‫هرضًکہالئے‬
‫هذارًکبًخرّجًالورکس‬
Adjective▲
I. Different from the ordinary in a way that causes curiosity or
suspicion
odd,queer,strange,bizarre,peculiar,weird,abnormal,irregular,quirky,outlandish,uncommon,
unconventional,anomalous,idiosyncratic,singular,aberrant,freakish,capricious

Radiating from a central point

centrifugal,diffusive,divergent,diverging,efferent,radial,radiating,deviating,outward,spiral,s
preading,branching,circular,radiated,spoked,outspread,branche
antonyms
I. Opposite of different from the ordinary in a way that causes curiosity or
suspicion
conventional,ordinary,average,normal,regular,run-of-the mill,straightforward,typical,
boring,common,concentric,dull,familiar,plain,reasonable,standard,unexciting,usual,unexc
eptional

II. Opposite of Radiating from a central point

harmonious compatible accordant agreeing concordant congruent congruous
consistent consonant similar agreeing alike conforming convergent
correspondent equal harmonious homogeneous like normal same standard
uniform identical

sentences
 His eccentric behaviour lost him his job.

 She is so eccentric that she is regarded as a bit of a curiosity.

 Lewis was aggressive, eccentric, moody, and brilliantly clever.

 She gives the impression of being rather conventional, but under the surface she is
wildly eccentric.

52.excursion
‫ضیرًضپبٹبً۔ًاًحرافً۔ًاختالفً۔ًضفرًکرًےًّالْںًکیًجوبعت‬
Synonym
I. short journey or trip, especially one taken as a leisure activity
outing,jaunt,trip,expedition,journey,tour,junket,ramble,spin,airing,drive,run,sally,sashay,,a
wayday,ride,circuit,cruise,trip,picnic,safari,walk,wandering,round,trip,pleasure,trip,turn,per
egrination,stroll,saunter,visit,constitutional,voyage,promenade,
II. An event or item that is out of the ordinary and gives great
pleasure

treat,celebration,outing,entertainment,party,amusement,diversion,feast,surprise,enjoyme
nt,fun,gratification,satisfaction,refreshment,banquet,pleasure,distraction,relaxation

Antonyms
I. Opposite of short journey or trip, especially one taken as a leisure
activity
immobility,inaction,quiescence,inactivity,indolence,stagnation,torpidity,immovability,motio
nlessness,rigidity,stillness,idleness
II. Opposite of an event or item that is out of the ordinary and gives
great pleasure
depression,dissatisfaction,melancholy,necessity,need,pain,sadness,sorrow,trouble,unhap
piness,want,woe,work,bad,fortune.

sentences
  I have arranged with my classmates for an excursion to the beach.

 The excursion won't cost you a penny if you go with us.

 We decided to make an all-day excursion to the island.

 After a brief excursion into drama, he concentrated on his main interest, which was
poetry

53.elaborate
‫تفصیلًضےًثیبىًکرًبً۔ًهحٌتًضےً۔ًکْغعًضے‬
‫ًهحٌتًاّرًهػکلًضےًثٌبًبً۔ً۔‬،

The textual reference

Arabic and Persian and second, because he realized that the elaborate
modes of address and flowery phrases were out of place in the modem
world.(book 2 lesson no 15 mustafa kamal in the passage of the great
reformer)

Synonyms

Adjective▲
I. Detailed and complicated in design and planning, involving many carefully
arranged elements
complex,complicated,detailed,intricate,involved,convoluted,sophisticated,thorough,painstak
ing,particularised,tangled,extensive,fancy,full,particular,studied,byzantine

II. elaborate on) Add more detail concerning what has already been s aid

develop,embellish,expand,detail,explain,extend,improve,refine,broaden,clarify,comment,en
hance,polish,amplify,augment,complicate,decorate

Antonyms
I. Opposite of detailed and complicated in design and planning, involving
many carefully arranged elements

compendious,simple,summary,unfancy,unsophisticated,uncomplicated,straightforward,plain
,noncomplex,noncomplicated

II. (elaborate on) Opposite of add more detail concerning what has already
been said
abbreviate,condense,simplify,streamline,summarize,truncate,abridge,block,compress,confus
e,curtail,damage,decrease,deface,diminish,dirty,halt,harm,hurt
sentences
 John concocted an elaborate excuse for being late.

 She went on to elaborate her argument.

 He came out with such an elaborate excuse that I didn't quite believe him.

 They refused to elaborate on the reasons for their decision.

54.exasperation
‫اِغتَعبلً۔ًثَرہَویً۔ًغیعًًّغعتً۔‬

The textual reference

Mr. Hubert, the peasant furiously lifted his hand, spat at one side to attest
his honour, and said in the most exasperating tone.(book 1 the piece of
string)
 Synonyms

I. feeling of intense irritation or annoyance

irritation,annoyance,anger,rage,vexation,aggravation,fury,wrath,chagrin,crossness,displeasu
re,resentment,spleen,testiness,tetchiness,botheration,crabbiness,discontent,disgruntlement
,disgust,frustration,grief,indignation,passion,pip,provocation,bile,choler

Antonyms

I. Opposite of a feeling of intense irritation or annoyance

delight,pleasure,calm,calming,calmness,cheer,comfort,ease,enjoyment,happiness,joy,peace,
placation,pleasing,soothing,help,contentment,aid,love,satisfaction,advantage

sentences
 The organization has expressed its exasperation with the government.

 With a groan of exasperation, he picked up the luggage himself.

 There is growing exasperation within the government at the failure of these policies
to reduce unemployment.
  After ten hours of fruitless negotiations, he stormed out of the meeting
in exasperation.

55.expansive
ً‫ّضیعًغْرًپرً۔ًکػبدًٍغْرًپرً۔ًثطیػًکےًغْرًپرً۔ًعریطًغْرًپرً۔‬
‫ثڑائیًکےًغْرًپرً۔‬
Synonyms
I. Friendly, open, and talkative

communicative,friendly,open,outgoing,affable,genial,sociable,talkative,unreserved,effusive,g
arrulous,loquacious,uninhibited,amiable,demonstrative,extroverted,forthcoming,free,chatty
II. Of very great size or extent
 gigantic,giant,huge,massive,enormous,immense,titanic,tremendous,vast,colossal,great,jumb
o,mammoth,monstrous,elephantine,gargantuan,monumental,mountainous,prodigious
Antonyms
I. Opposite of friendly, open, and talkative
reserved,taciturn,uncommunicative,reticent,shy,close,retiring,secretive,tightlipped,withdraw
n,guarded,unforthcoming,dumb,laconic,mute,unresponsive,diffident,tongue-tied,distant
II. Opposite of of very great size or extent
tiny,miniature,diminutive,little,small,bantam,bitty,infinitesimal,insignificant,Lilliputian,micro,
microminiature
sentences
 She made an expansive gesture with her arms.

 She opened her arms wide in an expansive gesture of welcome.

 We need to look at a more expansive definition of the term.

 The father was in an expansive mood and gave presents to all of his children.

56.exaggeration
ُ ً‫ُهجبلغہً۔ًتعلّیً۔‬
‫غلًْ۔ًثڑُبّاً۔ً ُهجبلغہًآرائیً۔‬

The textual rerference

The man who was a Hospital” is a fine example of humorous
exaggeration(book 2 lesson 6 the man who was a hospital)

Behind all this fantastic exaggeration is the sound advice - don't

stuff your head with things you don't understand. book 2 lesson 6 the
man who was a hospital)

It would be no exaggeration to say that at the time that Mustafa Kamal set
to work.(book 2 mustafa kamal)
 There were several Latin quotations in it, as well as a reference to the
Captain of the School who, Chips said, had been guilty of exaggeration in
speaking of his (Chips's) services to Brookfield.(mr.chips)

Synonyms
I. A statement that represents something as better or worse than it really is

overstatement,hyperbole,magnification,embellishment,amplification,emphasis,inflation,over
emphasis,elaboration,embroidery,enlargement,excess,extravagance,pretension,exaltation
II. Something that is made larger by size or amount

increase,rise,addition,growth,surge,increment,buildup,escalation,expansion,increasement,sp
read,boost,burgeoning,development,extension,intensification,proliferation
 Antonyms
I. Opposite of a statement that represents something as better or worse than it really
is
understatement,meiosis,restraint,compression,decrease,lessening,litotes,minimization,redu
ction,shrinkage,trivialization,truth,underplaying,unembellishment,honesty,simplification
II. Opposite of something that is made larger by size or amount
decrease,decline,declining,decrement,depression,dwindling,ebb,fall,waning,downturn,loss,l
owering,depletion,diminishing,lessening,diminution,drop ,shrinkage
sentences
 There was a degree of exaggeration in his description of events.

 It is no exaggeration to say that everyone will be affected by the new policy.

 It would be an exaggeration to call the danger urgent.

 It would be a bit of an exaggeration to say that I'm desperate to leave.

57.evaluate’
،‫تمیقاجانچن‬،‫تمیقاگل ان‬،‫اجانچن‬،‫دقرامیپیئرک ان‬،‫وقتمیرک ان‬

‫۔‬
 Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To draw conclusions from an examination or assessment
gauge,measure,rank,reckon,weigh,assay,guesstimate,consider,contemplate,examine,apprais
e,review,study,ponder,assess,bethink,excogitate,reflect,compare,cogitate,debate,assess,rate
,estimate,appraise,judge,value,consider
Antonyms
I. (complicate) Opposite of to draw conclusions from an examination or
assessment
complicate,convolute,confuse,obfuscate,cloud,distort,muddle,obscure,confound,disjoint,dis
order,disorganize,disorient,garble,hash,impede,mess,muddy,perplex,ravel,becloud
sentences
 You should be able to evaluate your own work.

 It's impossible to evaluate these results without knowing more about the research
methods employed.

 Don't evaluate a person on the basis of appearance

 It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments.

58.fatality
‫ مرگ ناگہانی ۔‬، ‫ ہالکت‬، ‫ موت‬، ‫ تقدیر‬، ‫قسمت‬
‫بریَت ۔ آفَت ۔ حادثَہ‬
ِ ‫َج‬

Synonyms

Noun▲

An occurrence of death by accident, in war, or from disease

casualty,loss,death,victim,mortality,prey,dead,accident,deadliness,deathliness,decea
se,destructiveness,dying,fatalness,inevitability,lethality,lethalness,necrosis,noxiousn
ess bloodshed killing carnage extinction destruction

Bad placement
 misplacement,mislaying,accident,bereavement,calamity,casualty,cataclysm,catastro
phe,cost,damage,debit,debt,defeat,deficiency,depletion,deprivation,destitution

Antonyms

I. Opposite of an occurrence of death by accident, in war, or from disease

birth,genesis,arrival,nativity,inception,bearing,creation,delivery,childbirth,birthing,producing
,parturition,geniture,childbearing,beginning,eternality,commencement,being

II. Opposite of bad placement

acquisition,gain,advantage,aid,assistance,attainment,benefit,birth,blessing,boon,building,co
mfort,construction,creation

Sentence Examples

 There was a strange fatality about their both losing their jobs on the same day.
 New drugs have reduced the fatality of the disease..
 The most serious form of skin cancer has a 30 percent fatality rate.
o Different forms of cancer have different fatality rates.

59.flicked
‫چبثُکًیبًاًُگلیًضےًاَچبًَکًلَگیًہَلکیًچْٹً۔ً ُهّْیً۔ًپ َِڑًپ َِڑاًبً۔‬
‫ٹِْکرًلگبئیًظرةًلگبئی‬

The textual rerference

The man felt his hair flutter and the tissues of his body draw tight as
if he were standing at the center of a vacuum.(book 1 lesson dark
they were golden eyed)

And on windy days with gown and white hair and School-list
fluttering in uproarious confusion.(MR.CHIPS)
Verb▲
 I. Make or cause to make a sudden quick movement

swish,twitch,wag,waggle,wave,brandish,shake,swing,twirl,whip,switch,rawhid
e,tan,birch,flagellate,flog,leather,horsewhip,flail,hide,whale,scourge,thrash,sla
sh,cowhide
Verb▲
II. To throw or toss quickly

throw,toss,cast,fling,pitch,sling,spin,twist,chuck,hurl,launch,lob,project,propel,
shy,bowl,bung,dash
Verb▲
III. To turn over pages in an idle or cursory manner
 thumb,leaf,skim,flip,riffle,browse,glance,look,peruse,read,scan,page
Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of Make or cause to make a sudden
quick movemen
bear,cheer,comfort,create,encourage,guard,inspirit,lose,praise,protect,surrend
er,tap,steady,repel,decorate,beautify,cure,repair,ornament,heal
Verb▲
II. Opposite of To throw or toss quickly
catch,receive,grab,nab,seize,collect,gather,snare,hold,keep,possess,retain,ca
rry,grasp,take,clutch,
Verb▲
III. Opposite of To turn over pages in an idle or
cursory manner
appraisal,evaluation,investigating,surveying,vetting,assessing,supervision,loo
k,consideration,overhaul,skim,recce,examination,inspection,perusal,gaze,star
e,
SENTENCES

 She flicked the dust off her collar.

 The horse was flicking flies away with its tail.
 James flicked a peanut at her.
 Please don't flick ash on the carpet!

60.flawlessly
ً‫ضتِرےًغریقےًضےً۔ًاچِےًغریقےًضےً۔ًصفبئیًضےً۔‬
ُ ً‫صبف‬
‫ًِفبضتًضےً۔‬

Adverb▲
In a flawless manner
faultlessly,ideally,immaculately,impeccably,perfectly,magnificently,exquisitely,
superbly,wonderfully,admirably,supremely,incomparably,marvelously,excellen
tly,cleanly,purely,famously,splendidly,swimmingly,masterfully,remarkably,sens
ationally,fine,notably,skillfully,distinctively,ingeniously,divinely
Antonyms
Adverb▲
Opposite of In a flawless manner
badly,defectively,faultily,imperfectly,censurably,unsuitably,wrongly,inaccuratel
y,inappropriately,untowardly,rottenly,improperly,confusedly,unsatisfactorily,cor
ruptly,mistakenly,falsely
SENTENCES
The dance routine was flawlessly executed.
Each stage of the battle was carried off flawlessly.
Better to do something imperfectly than to do nothing flawlessly.
It makes me want to stop right now, or spend years composing
something flawlessly literate.
I have seen them play many times, but never as thrillingly
and flawlessly as tonight.

61.friction
 ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬
‫ ن‬،‫اسھگو‬،‫رِفک‬،‫زیچوںوکآپںیم نرڑَگ ان نرزگ‬،‫وہ ّنُقتوج نرڑَگ‬،‫زماتمح‬،‫رزگ‬
،‫ نٹاو‬،‫زَمامح‬
‫پھبس خ ک‬
،‫اکیزیچوک خدورسیزیچرپےس لرکگراجےنےسروےک‬

Synonyms
Noun▲

I. The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving

over another

rubbing,grating,resistance,scraping,abrasion,chafing,rasping,attrition,fretting,abrading,grindi
ng,traction,adhesion,drag,erosion,excoriation,gnawing,irritation,detrition,grip,purchase

II. Conflict or animosity caused by a clash of wills, temperaments, or

opinions
conflict,discord,disagreement,disharmony,dissension,opposition,strife,disunity,hostility,rivalr
y,wrangling,animosity,bickering,dispute,dissent,resentment,variance,antagonism,arguing

Antonyms
I. Opposite of resistance that one surface or object encounters when
moving over another

permeability,aid,assistance,help,injury,liberation,peace,promotion,truce

II. Opposite of conflict or animosity caused by a clash of wills,

temperaments, or opinions

harmony,accord,agreement,concord,concordance,peace,happiness,liking,love,pleasure,conc
urrence,accordance,consonance,similarity,unity,approval,goodwill,consensus

Sentences
 The force of friction affects the speed at which spacecraft can re-enter
the earth's atmosphere.

 Sara sensed that there had been friction between her children.

 I'm exhausted from the constant friction between my boss and my

colleagues.

 Friction between moving parts had caused the engine to overheat.

62.fluttered
‫ب‬
‫ا ب ندا ا ن‬،‫ہنانا ان‬،‫َا ان‬
،‫خدروہ ان‬ ‫َ ن‬
‫وَہام ن‬،‫رَپاھجڑ ان‬،‫رَپاناشفینرک ان‬،‫سِکصقنیکوہجےساّیطرےںیمابراعتشدیپاوہاج ان‬
‫ک‬
‫ب‬
،‫اخورَپنوہ ان‬

‫رھترھتا ان‬
Verb▲

I. To move or cause to move with a striking motion

beat,flap,agitate,flicker,quiver,vibrate,bat,flail,shake,tremble,dance,dart,flick,flirt,flit,flitter,fl
op,fluctuate,oscillate,ripple,shiver,swing,twitch,wag,waggle,waver

Verb▲

II. To move through the air with, or as if with, outstretched wings

fly,glide,soar,wing,flit,mount,hover,aviate,plane,wheel,hang,sail,stream,circle,circumnavigat
e,climb,coast,cross,dive,drift,seagull,skirt

Noun▲

I. A state of nervous excitement or confusion

state,flurry,dither,fluster,agitation,confusion,bustle,commotion,excitement,flap,panic,tizzy,tr
emble,twitter

Antonyms
Verb

Opposite of to move or cause to move with a striking motion

decelerate,delay,halt,slow,walk,rest,crawl,creep,poke,confront,land,remain,stay,face,loiter,o
utspan,laze,loaf,calm,composure,remain,

Opposite of To move through the air with, or as if with, outstretched wings

crawl,creep,poke,dally,dawdle,delay,procrastinate,wait,ground,walk,halt,stop,amble,stroll

Noun▲

A state of nervous excitement or confusion

calm,calmness,ease,happiness,harmony,obedience,order,peace,pleasure,quiet,quietude,rep
ose,silence,stillness,tranquility

SENTENCES
 Her eyelids fluttered but did not open.
 He fluttered his hands around wildly.

 Flags fluttered in the breeze.

  Her eyelids fluttered but did not open.

63.Gingerly
‫ک‬
،‫خداروہ نک‬
‫ ن ن‬،‫وہایشریےس‬،‫اباہتنیئاایتحطےس‬

‫ڑبیاایتحطےس‬،‫آہتسہدقیمےس‬

Synonyms

Adjective▲
I. Having or showing a close attentiveness to avoiding danger or trouble

careful,cautious,wary,chary,circumspect,reluctant,alert,conservative,considerate,delicate,fas
tidious,guarded,heedful,hesitant,safe,suspicious,timid,dainty,squeamish,calculating

Adverb▲
 II. In a careful or cautious manner

cautiously,carefully,charily,circumspectly,suspiciously,warily,delicately,guardedly,hesitantly,t
imidly,judiciously,prudently

III. In a mild manner

mildly,delicately,indifferently,lightly,moderately,quietly,blandly

Antonyms
I. Opposite of having or showing a close attentiveness to avoiding danger or
trouble
careless,heedless,incautious,unguarded,unmindful,unsafe,unwary,rash,rough,uncareful,reckl
ess,thoughtless,precipitate.

II. Opposite of in a careful or cautious manner

carelessly,boldly,confidently,rashly,recklessly,roughly,irresponsibly,haphazardly,hastily,negli
gently,sloppily

III. Opposite of in a mild manner

harshly,roughly,violently,crudely,bluntly,rudely,firmly

Sentences
 Holding her painful back, she sat down gingerly on the bench.
 I drove gingerly past the security check points.
 He gingerly lifted himself out of the wheelchair.
 He gingerly felt his way along the dark tunnel
 He spoke in a gingerly fashion about his problems.”

64.Glistening
‫ک ک‬
،‫ نن بخہکدانی‬،‫اکچوچدنڈاانل‬،‫وچدنایھدانی‬
‫ن‬

‫ااجال‬،‫اہشیب‬،‫روینش‬،‫اکمچرا‬،‫آب‬

‫زیتروینش‬
Synonyms

Verb▲

1. To reflect light with a glittering luster

flash,gleam,glitter,shimmer,sparkle,twinkle,coruscate,glance,glimmer,glint,scintillate,shine,gl
ister,wink,flicker,glow,blink,flame,luster,spangle,winkle,effulge

Antonyms’
1. Opposite of to reflect light with a glittering luster

dull,darken,bore,extinguish,depress , dullness darkness dark blackness duskiness hiding

dimness ugliness gloom obscurity lightlessness gloominess

Sentences
 Her skin was glistening with sweat after her run.
 Her eyes were glistening with tears.
 I saw tears glistening on his cheeks and beard.
 The boy’s back was glistening with sweat.

65.Glared
The textual rerference
She glared at the carton as she unlocked the door.(book 1 lesson button
button)

Synonyms

I. Strong and dazzling light

blaze,dazzle,flare,shine,glow,brilliance,fluorescence,luminescence,radiance,beam,gleam,illu
mination,incandescence,light,flame,brightness,dazzling,light,flash,glimmer,glitter

II. To direct one's gaze

look,glance,gaze,stare,gape,peer,focus,peep,peek,take a look,watch,consider,see,observe,
view,regard,mark,check out,glimpse,spot,eye,take in,ogle,eyeball,behold

Antonyms
 I. Opposite of strong and dazzling light

dullness,grin,darkness,dark,blackness,duskiness,dulness,hiding,dimness,smile,ugliness,obscu
rity,gloom,gloominess,lightlessness,tenebrosity,caliginosity,shadowiness,shadows

II. Opposite of To direct one's gaze

ignore,neglect,
,overlook,dislike,disregard,despise,abhor,miss,forget,scorn,hate,glance,disbelieve

Sentences
 I looked at her and she glared furiously back.
 He glared at the people who surrounded the tent.
 He glared round the room as if expecting a challenge.
 . He didn't shout, he just glared at me silently.

66.groggy
‫تک‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ک‬ ‫کک‬
،‫ خمنزلنؽ‬،‫ نماال‬،‫رشایب‬،‫ےبوخایبےکابثع ننڈاھؽ‬،‫اعملب نغدیگںیم‬،‫دوہش‬

Synonym

Adjective▲
I. Slowed or weakened, as by drink, sleepiness, etc.
confused,dizzy,faint,reeling,stunned,dazed,muzzy,shaky,unsteady,weak,wobbly,befuddled,st
upefied,woozy,benumbed,bewildered,disorientated,disoriented,fuddled,muddled,numb,row
sy,sleepy,dozy,somnolent,heavy,nodding,tired,lethargic,comatose,dazed,dozing,torpid,heavy
-eyed,languid

Antonyms

I. Opposite of slowed or weakened, as by drink, sleepiness, etc.

alert,clearheaded,cognizant,stable,steady,unshaky,clearheaded,sober,understanding,heavy,s
traight,aware,sure,alert,awake,wakeful,conscious,wide-awake,lively,perky

Sentences

 The injured man was still groggy and could only give a garbled account of the
accident.
 She was feeling a bit groggy when I saw her.
 I felt a bit groggy for a couple of days after the operation.
 You've been threatened, you've been doped, you're groggy

67.heap
‫ت‬
،‫ڈگبیاگل ان‬،‫ڈاھانل‬،‫ڈاانل‬،‫اابنریکلکشںیم عمرک ان‬،‫ڈریھاگل ان‬،‫رگوہ‬،‫دعتاد‬،‫ بمڈار‬،‫ڈریھی‬،‫ڈگبی‬،‫ڈریھ‬،‫اابنر‬

‫وھتک ڈریھ‬،‫اتشپرا‬،‫جنگ‬،‫ڈریھ‬،‫اابنر‬.n
‫ خغتہ حبل گبڑی‬، ‫ایک پشاًی‬

Synonyms
Noun▲
An untidy collection of objects placed haphazardly on top of each other

pile,lot,mass,mountain,stack,collection,store,bundle,mound,quantity,accumulatio
n,aggregation,hoard,jumble,load,stockpile,agglomeration,assemblage,gathering,s
tock,abundance.
Noun▲
i. An old, dilapidated vehicle

rattletrap,banger,boneshaker,jalopy,rust,bucket,wreck
Verb▲
ii. To put into (something) as much as can be held or contained
 brim,charge,cram,fill,jam,jam pack,load,pack,stuff,pile,fill up,ram,crowd,squeeze
,lade,press,thrust,stack
Antonyms
i. Opposite of an untidy collection of objects placed haphazardly on
top of each other
ace,bit,dab,dram,driblet,glimmer,handful,hint,lick,little,mite,mouthful,nip,ounce,
peanuts,pinch,pittance,scruple
ii. Opposite of old, battered car
workhorse,good,car,smooth,ride,sweet,ride
iii. Opposite of to put into (something) as much as can be held or
contained
clear,empty,evacuate,vacate,void,exhaust,discharge,unload,expend,tap,unpack,c
onsume,dissipate,deplete
Sentences
 There was a heap of stones where the building used to be.
 Her clothes were in an untidy heap on the floor
 Some people believe that Communism has been relegated/consigned to
the scrap heap of history.
 The envelopes for posting lay in a heap on her desk

68. hideous
،‫تبیہ انک‬،‫وخانفک‬،‫رکمخوہ‬،‫رکہہی‬

‫زتش‬،‫رپوہؽ‬،‫رپتبیہ‬،‫بیہم‬،‫رکموہ‬،‫رطخ انک‬،‫تبیہازیگن‬،‫وہانلک‬،‫ڈراؤ ان‬،‫دتشہ انک‬،‫ایھبکن‬.a

 Adjective▲
i. Extremely unpleasant

appalling,awful,dreadful,horrible,shocking,horrendous,sickening,terrible,horrific,
odious,abominable,loathsome,digesting,frightful,abhorrent,fearful,foul,
Adjective▲
ii. Extremely ugly

gruesome,ghastly,monstrous,revolting,ugly,grotesque,macabre,repulsive,unsightl
y,disgusting,grisly,repellent

Antonyms

i. Opposite of extremely unpleasant

innocuous,inoffensive,pleasant,agreeable,charming,comforting,common,delightful,friendly,g
entle,good,great,happy,kind

ii. Opposite of extremely ugly

 beautiful,appealing,captivating,entrancing,lovely,alluring,engaging,bewitching,ch
arismatic,fascinating,attractive
Sentences
 When they refused to let me leave my hotel, I thought, at first, it was all some
hideous mistake.
 He used his position as a doctor to gain their trust and then committed hideous
crimes against them.
 His family was subjected to a hideous attack by the gang.

 Her face was hideously scarred

69.Habitat
‫ذادوپؾ‬،‫ذادوپؾاجونریکدیپاشئیکایلصہگج‬،‫اجونریکدیپاشئیکایلصہگج‬

‫ونط‬،‫اجےئدیپاشئ‬،‫رھگ‬.n

Synonyms
Noun▲
i. The conditions suitable for an organism or population of organisms to live and thrive
environment,element,surroundings,conditions,environs,terrain,biosphere,domain,niche,
element,natural environment,natural surroundings,natural terrain,natural territory,natural
home,commorancy,crib,den,digs,domicile,dwelling,heaven,hearth,
abode,territory,habitation,locality,haunt,range,cave
Antonyms
i. Opposite of the conditions suitable for an organism or population of organisms to
live and thrive
 unnatural,surroundings,antibiome,alien,environment,foreign,environment,foreign
terrain,alien,
Sentences
 The grassland is an important habitat for many wild flowers.
 Development is destroying the animal's native habitat.
 The moth's habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly died out.
 The grassland is an important habitat for many wild flowers

70.Haggard
‫ک ت‬ ‫نک‬ ‫نش ت‬
،‫زن رد خرو‬،‫ نَسنہاحؽ‬،‫رپاَڈہ خُ نرت‬ ،‫رَپاشیؿ خُ نرت‬،‫دَباحؽ‬،‫وحزدہ‬

‫وتشحزدہ‬،‫الرغ‬،‫ہتسخاحؽ‬،‫دالب‬،‫دباحؽ‬.n

‫اکھتوہا‬

Adjective▲
i. Looking exhausted, worried, or poor in condition
gaunt,wasted,emaciated,drawn,ghastly,pinched,thin,wan,careworn,drained,hollow-
eyed,raddled,sapped,shrunken,sickly,spent,unhealthy,unwell,wrinkled,cadaverous,grim
ii. Physically tired or exhausted
worn,tired,exhausted,fatigued,weary,wearied,drained,spent,drawn,knackered,pooped,sappe
d, bushed
Antonyms
i. Opposite of looking exhausted, worried, or poor in condition
 fresh,energetic,healthy,robust,vigorous,brighteyed,brisk,colour,fat,hale,hearty,plump,sleek,s
trong
ii. Opposite of physically tired or exhausted
energetic,fresh,unwearied,activated,current,energised,intact,invigorated,lively,protected,ref
reshed,rested
Sentences
 Her face was haggard, her eyes red, her clothes hung loosely about her.
 He'd been drinking the night before and was looking a bit haggard.
 She looked haggard after a sleepless night..
 She looked very pale and drawn, almost haggard.

71.Haphazardly
،‫احداثیتادنازںیم‬،‫’اافتہیقوطررپ‬
 Adverb▲
i. In a random, chaotic, and incomplete manner
aimlessly,anyhow,anyway,anywise,desultorily,erratically,helterskelter,irregularly,randomly,w
illynilly,accidentally,carelessly,casually,inconstantly,at random
ii. Giving the appearance of carelessness
hastily,irresponsibly,negligently,nonchalantly,sloppily,incautiously,inattentively,neglectfully,
offhandedly,rashly
Antonyms
i. Opposite of in a random, chaotic, and incomplete manner
methodically,systematically,evenly,regularly,equally,selectively,nonrandomly,carefully,thoug
htfully,deliberately,premeditatedly,
ii. Opposite of Giving the appearance of carelessness
deliberately,consciously,designedly,wilfully,advisedly,by design,intentionally ,on
purpose,purposely,by choice,
Sentences
 She looked at the books jammed haphazardly in the shelves
 Natural languages arise unconsciously, haphazardly, while artificial languages lack
expressiveness.
 All the papers were haphazardly strewn on desks.
 The streets were the muddy, haphazard spaces in between

72.Harmony
،‫لیم‬،‫مہآیگنہ‬،‫ابافتؼ‬،‫اباحتد‬،‫خُماتقب‬

‫اطمتقب‬،‫لیم‬،‫ااحتد‬،‫اافتؼ‬،‫مہآیگنہ‬،‫آگنہ‬.n

The textual rerference

Music of strange lands with
Islam's fire blends, On which the
nation's harmony depends;(poem
no 12 RUBAIYAT)

. Muslim harmony depends upon

true faith in Islam. ;(poem no 12
RUBAIYAT)

The national harmony amongst

the Muslims depended upon a
blend of Islamic strong and basic
values with the local feelings.
;(poem no 12 RUBAIYAT)

This blend created a national harmony;(poem no 12

RUBAIYAT)
. The modem European soul is empty of this harmony;(poem
no 12 RUBAIYAT)

Everything seems to be in harmony with the poet who finds no

hurdles or difficulties anywhere in this universe.(POEM NO
17 THE DELIGHT SONG)
 Synonyms
Noun▲
i. A combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes that is pleasing to the ear
euphony,polyphony,consonance,melodiousness,melody,symphony,tunefulness,mellifluousn
ess,tune,harmonics,mellifluence,orchestration,chord,concentus,diapason,overtones
ii. The state of being at peace, typically between two or more entities
peace,amity,friendship,understanding,amicability,fellowship,goodwill,rapport,sympathy,coo
peration,order,orderliness
iii. The state of being in agreement or concord
accord,accordance,concord,agreement,unity,conformity,consensus,solidarity,compatibility,u
nion,unison,assent
Antonyms
i. Opposite of a combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes that is
pleasing to the ear
discordance,cacophony,disharmony,dissonance,asymmetry,caterwauling,clamour,conflict
ii. Opposite of the state of being at peace, typically between two or more entities
chaos,dystopia,anarchy,discord,disharmony,confusion,disorder,disordereness,disorderliness,
turmoil,unrest,upheaval
iii. Opposite of the state of being in agreement or concord
conflict,disagreement,contradiction,contrast,unalignment,contention,contrariety,contrarines
s,oppositeness,opposition
Sentences
 We must try to live in peace and harmony with ourselves and those around us.
 . A new sense of harmony developed in the community.
 Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.
 it is possible for different ethnic groups to live together in harmony.
 73.Haughty
‫ش‬ ‫ت گھ ک‬
‫ن‬
،‫رَسک‬،‫وُخددنسپ‬،‫ خ مننڈڈی‬،‫ت‬
ّ‫ب‬
‫رغمور‬،‫اڑکوفں‬.a

Synonyms
Adjective▲
i. Arrogantly superior and disdainful
 proud,arrogant,lofty,imperious,conceited,stuckup,superior,contemptuous,disdainful,overwe
ening,snobbish,pompous,scornful,cavalier,egotistical,lordly,self-important
ii. Showing no affection or having a lack of emotion
cold,unfriendly,cool,inhospitable,unwelcoming,unsympathetic,forbidding,stony,frigid,frosty,
glacial,lukewarm,supercilious
Antonyms
i. Antonyms Opposite of arrogantly superior and disdainful
humble,modest,lowly,unarrogant,unpretentious,meek,mild,self-
effacing,subservient,wimpish,shy,timid,weak,soft,frail
ii. Opposite of showing no affection or having a lack of emotion
friendly,amiable,enthusiastic,kind,sociable,social,welcoming,warm,responsive,sympathetic,a
nimated,ardent,eager,excited
Sentences
 His haughty manner and refined speech had gone, and he spoke with the same accent as the
sergeant.
 People thought of him as being haughty and difficult to talk to.
 . If he attempts to talk to you, you will flick him a haughty glance and say nothing.
 People thought of him as being haughty and difficult to talk to.
.

74.Havoc
،‫زگڑب‬،‫دباینم‬،‫اگنہہم‬،‫ومعیماورڑبےامیپےنرپربابدی‬،‫ڑبےامیپےنرپابتیہ‬،‫ابتیہ‬

‫اصقنؿ‬،‫اغرترگی‬،‫ربابدی‬.n

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

The grave of Hubert withstood the havoc of the flood.(BOOK 1 LESSON THE
PIECE OF STRING)
 Synonyms
i. Widespread destruction
devastation,destruction,damage,desolation,ruin,ruination,waste,despoliation,annihilation,catastrophe,d
ecimation,demolishment,demolition,depredation,disaster,extermination.
ii. Great confusion or disorder
chaos,disorder,confusion,disruption,shambles,bedlam,commotion,disarrangement,disarray,dishevelme
nt
Antonyms
i. Opposite of widespread destruction
building,construction,erection,raising,blessing,boon,calm,creation,happiness,harmony,miracle,organisat
ion
ii. Opposite of great confusion or disorder
order,orderliness,peace,regulation,method,neatness,tidiness,uniformity,symmetry,design,form,arrange
ment,
Sentences
  The recent storms have wreaked havoc on crops.
 Rain has continued to play havoc with sporting events.
 The weather played havoc with airline schedules.
 Rain has continued to play havoc with sporting events.

75.Hearsay
،‫امسیعابت‬،

‫ینسانسئابت‬،‫دینشہ‬،‫دینش‬،‫وقؽ‬،‫اوفاہ‬.n

Synonyms
Noun▲
i. Information received from other people which cannot be substantiated
gossip,report,buzz,scuttlebutt,talk,rumour,tittle
tattle,goss,tattle,bavardage,dirt,dish,grapevine,idle,talk,mere,talk,noise,rumor
Antonyms
i. Opposite of information received from other people which cannot be substantiated
evidence,fact,proof,quiet,reality,silence,testimony,truth,confirmed,facts
Sentences
 Do not be led by reports, or tradition, or hearsay.
 Much of our evidence about outputs will be based on anecdote and hearsay..
 A factual book is a lot better than relying on hearsay from friends.

 76.Intended
‫ک‬
،‫وظنمردشہ‬،‫رتیگنم‬،‫وطخمہب‬،‫وطخمب‬،‫خنب‬

‫ولطمب‬،‫وصقمد‬،a

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

I am certain that the good Lord never intended their son to be a physician.(book 2
LESSON WHY BOYS FAIL IN COLLEGE)

Synonym
Adjective▲
i. Deliberately designed according to a plan
purposeful,purposive,wilful,considered,prearranged,predetermined,premeditated,voluntary,aforethoug
ht,preconceived,deliberate,intentional,conscious,knowing,planned,calculated,
ii. According to one's preferences or requirements
required,desired,chosen,specified,anticipated,expected,indicated,listed,needed,preferred,quantified,rig
ht,appropriate
antonyms
i. Opposite of deliberately designed according to a plan
accidental,nondeliberate,nonpurposive,unintentional,unfixed,unintended,unplanned,uncalculated,casu
al,unpremeditated
ii. Opposite of according to one's preferences or requirements
 unspecified,undefined,unquantified,undetermined,unmentioned,unstated,vague
Sentences
 The increase in indirect taxation is intended to neutralise the reduction in income tax.
 I think the present she sent you was intended as a peace offering.
 I was under the delusion that he intended to marry me.
 . I intend to spend the night there

77.in vain
‫ک‬ ‫ال ب‬،‫اکیر‬
،‫ےبافدئہ‬،‫ف خ وؽ‬،‫ےبہجیتن‬،‫احِص‬
‫ض‬

‫بس‬،‫رااگیئؿ‬،‫الاحلص‬،‫وضفؽ‬،‫ےبتقیقح‬،‫ےباکر‬،‫ےبافدئہ‬،‫ےباینبد‬،‫ااکرت‬.a

he was a chemist and not a naturalist and had never touched a silkworm in his life,
but he pleaded ignorance in vain.(BOOK 2 LESSON NO 14 LOUIS PASTEUR)

Synonyms
Adjective▲
i. Producing no results
impotent,nugatory,pointless,powerless,worthless,abortive,barren,balkedUS,baulkedUK,bootless,empty,
fruitless,futile,ineffective,ineffectual,inefficacious,otiose,profitless,thwarted
ii. Having no meaning or purpose
senseless,pointless,absurd,mad,silly,stupid,foolish,meaningless,asinine,daft,nonsensical,unwise,crazy,fat
uous
 antonyms
i. Opposite of producing no results
deadly,effective,effectual,efficacious,efficient,fruitful,potent,productive,profitable,successful,virtuous,u
seful,powerful
ii. Opposite of having no meaning or purpose
sensible,wise,meaningful,judicious,prudent,sagacious,sage,sane,sapient,significant,sound,intelligent,rati
onal,reasonable
Sentences
 He tried in vain to bring his temper under control.
 They endeavored to make her happy, but in vain.
 All efforts to reconcile her with her husband were in vain.
 Altman swore that his son’s death would not be in vain

78.Illumination
،‫رونشایخیل‬،‫ذتبیہ‬،‫دراشخین‬،‫الطاکری‬،‫ونتری‬

‫روینش‬،‫رچااغؿ‬.n
 Synonyms
Noun▲
i. Lighting or light
light,radiance,lighting,gleam,glare,glow,brilliance,flash,fluorescence,incandescence,luminescence,dazzle,g
leaming,glitter,shimmer,shining,beam,blaze,flare,glowing,illumining
ii. Spiritual or intellectual enlightenment
awareness,enlightenment,insight,revelation,understanding,edification,education,explanation,instruction,
discovery,information,knowledge,learning,perception,clarification
Antonyms
i. Opposite of lighting or light
darkness,dimness,misconception,misunderstanding,obscurity,vagueness,dullness,dark,blackness,duskines
s,dulness,gloom
ii. Opposite of spiritual or intellectual enlightenment
ignorance,confusion,bewilderment,benightedness,destruction,misunderstanding,misinterpretation,incom
prehension,misconception,unfamiliarity,obliviousness,unenlightenment,unawareness
Sentences
 Daylight came in through its glass roof; this was now the only illumination.
 The role of the Lawyer of course was to help in this task by giving interpretation and illumination in a
legalistic capacity.
 All the plants listed here should be provided with plenty of illumination.
 White candles, th*-e only illumination, burned on the table.

79.Invariably
‫تک‬
‫ک‬‫ن‬
،‫الِب ن‬،‫ریغت انذپریاہن‬،‫اثتبوَطررَپ‬،‫ریغمخبع ّنوَطررَپ‬
‫س‬ ‫ی‬
 The textual reference
The subjects which were dearest to the examiners were almost invariably those I fancied
least ,(LESSON NO 11 FIRST YEAR AT HARROW)
the questions which they asked on both these subjects were almost invariably those to which I was unable
to suggest a satisfactory answer.(LESSON NO 11 FIRST YEAR AT HARROW)

Synonyms
Adverb▲
i. Always, without change
always,consistently,constantly,regularly,unfailingly,aye,continually,ever,habitually,inevitably,repeatedly,p
erpetually,permanently,indelibly,forever,lastingly,always,enduringly,eternally,evermore,perpetually,const
antly,continually,everlastingly,forevermore,immutably,abidingly,perennially
Antonyms
Adverb▲
i. Opposite of always, without change
never,ne'er,sometimes,occasionally,on,occasion,at,times,ne'er,never,nevermore,temporarily,briefly,ephe
merally,fleetingly,impermanently,inconstantly,momentarily,transitorily,variably,changeably,flexibly,altera
bly,irregularly,elastically
Sentences
 The successful teacher is invariably a
pragmatist and a realist.
 If the general found his authority questioned
he invariably administered a sharp rebuke.
 Carbon dioxide invariably contains 27.37%
carbon and 72.73% oxygen, by mass.
  The security guards were invariably ex-
servicemen

80.Irritable
‫ک‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب تک‬
‫اعملبتےکےیلومرَث نياےناکالہ‬،‫َحاس‬
ّ ‫ ن‬،‫زخ ود نرجن‬،‫ خ ختزِماج‬،‫زخ ودِح‬،‫َحاس‬
ّ‫ن‬

Synonyms

Adjective▲

Having or showing a tendency to be easily annoyed or angered

angry,cranky,cross,grumpy,irascible,sulky,tense,testy,uptight,critical,fiery,fractious,fretful,grouchy,peevi
sh,petulant,ratty,surly,temperamental,touchy,argumentative,impolite,disrespectful,rude,discourteous,u
ngracious,bad-mannered,boorish,churlish,ill-bred,rough,uncivil

Antonyms

Opposite of having or showing a tendency to be easily annoyed or angered

cheerful,calm,complacent,composed,good-natured,patient,agreeable,easygoing,easy-going,even-
tempered,goodhumoredU,good,friendly,genial,amicable,hospitable,congenial,lovable,cordial,amiable,ki
nd,benevolent,affable,kindly,warm,

Sentences
 Alan was irritable, and very evidently in a nervy state.
 It means that when we are irritable, tired, worried, or in pain we may overreact.
 He had been waiting for over an hour and was beginning to feel
 Jo was tired, irritable, and depressed.
81.Insinuated
‫ک‬ ‫ش‬ ‫کک‬
‫ن‬ ‫ب‬
،‫اامیرک ان‬،‫یفخموَطررَپاباشرہک ان‬،‫داخرک ان‬،‫انکہیرک ان خخوَطررَپ بشدانی‬،‫ااشرہرک ان‬

Synonyms
Verb▲
i. To have indicated or suggested to be

made,alluded,implied,indicated,inferred,intimated,proposed,prove,proved,suggested,hinted,at,
pointed,at,pointed,in,direction,of,pointed,out,pointed,to,pointed,toward
‘He has implied it, insinuated it, hinted it, and intimated it, but he
has not suggested it.’
‘I'm not insinuating anything, well; if I am it's just the truth.’
‘I'm not trying to insinuate anything, but you know, they are from
Texas…’
Verb▲
Verb▲
Past tense for to gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude) in a person's mind
instilled,implanted,infused,introduced,engendered,impressed,inculcated,fixt,fixed,ingrained,fos
tered,generated,imbued,imprinted,induced,inspired,produced,promoted,engrafted
ii. Past tense for to physically move (oneself or a thing) slowly and smoothly into
a particular place

slid,maneuveredUS,manoeuvredUK,slipped,edged,moved,shifted,worked,wrought,moved,into,p
osition
 “He began to insinuate his arm around her waist, but she was having
none of it and walked away.”
 Musicians have the gift of melody, they can insinuate
something into the culture.’’
 The road insinuates itself along the cliffs and coves leading to
Anglesea where I found Victoria's oddest golf course.’
Antonyms
i. Opposite of To have indicated or suggested to be
explicit,express,expressed,spoken,stated,voiced,direct,explicated,open,verbal,declared,
said,spelled-out,patent,obvious,clear
 Past tense for to gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude) in a per
take out remove,withdraw,erase,leave,alone,subtract
ii. Past tense for to physically move (oneself or a thing) slowly and smoothly into
a particular place
Still,motionless,inertia,
Sentences
 He insinuated that Harkham was lying about the accounts.
 The cat insinuated herself into the kitchen. The cat insinuated herself
into the kitchen.
 The libel claim followed an article which insinuated that the President was lying.
 Are you insinuating that the money was stolen?

82.Intently
‫ک ت‬
،‫ہبدؽواجؿ‬،‫یجاگلرک‬،‫ ّننےس‬،‫یجےس‬

Synonyms
Adverb▲
i. In an intent or focused manner

attentively,closely,keenly,fixedly,steadily,watchfully,alertly,concentratedly,earnestly,intensely,ra
ptly,searchingly,steadfastly,studiously,carefully,observantly,sharply,with,fascination

i. She looked at him intently.

ii. I listened intently to what she had to say.

Adverb▲
iii. With great effort or determination
 assiduously,arduously,determinedly,diligently,hard,industriously,laboriously,purposefully,resolu
tely,amain,doggedly,intensely
 She was intent on pursuing a career in business.
 The staff at Howard were intent on giving their students the best they could
offer.
iv. In an eager manner

eagerly,actively,ardently,breathlessly,cordially,earnestly,energetically,enthusiastically,fervently,
gladly,heartily,hungrily
 ‘You have an ability to concentrate and work intently on
anything which holds your interest.’

 ‘She looked at him closely, peering intently at his face as if trying to read it.’
 ‘He set up the discussion and both he and the doctor listened intently.’

Antonyms
i. Opposite of in an intent or focused manner
absently,casually,distractedly,dreamily,absent-
mindedly,blankly,abstractedly,vacantly,unheedingly,inattentively,on,automatic,pilot
ii. Opposite of with great effort or determination
 carelessly,inattentively,sloppily,neglectfully,nonchalantly,irresponsibly,offhandedly,abse
nt-mindedly,abstractedly,distractedly
iii. Opposite of in an eager manner
grudgingly,listlessly,unwillingly,pessimistically,doubtfully,gloomily,hopelessly

Sentences

 She listened intently to the music, losing herself in its beauty.

 We were glued to our chairs, listening intently to every word.
 He watched her face intently to catch every nuance of expression.
 The children were all intent and serious

83.Industry
‫ت‬
‫ّخ ت ب‬ ‫ت‬
،‫اخصوطررپ بِحاکعتسِکاخصاکروابرےسوہ‬،‫اعؾوطررَپ بتارت‬

The textual reference

He does not flee to the cities because the industrial road passes through a
technically-oriented agriculture and a decentralized industry.(book 2 china way to
progress)

The capital boasted some thirteen thousand weavers and a flourishing leather
industry.(lesson no 10 the jewel of the world)

it has been of tremendous value in the brewing industry.(book 2 louis Pasteur)

This was the result of a mysterious epidemic of silkworm diseases which for
fifteen or sixteen years had been devastating the silk-industry in the South of
France. (book 2 louis Pasteur)

Until 1849 the industry had flourished consistently, but in 1849 the moths were
attacked by disease. (book 2 louis Pasteur)

Turkish Five-Year Plan, inaugurated in 1934, encouraged heavy industry still

further.(book 2 lesson Mustafa kamal)
Synonyms
Noun▲
i. A particular form or branch of economic or commercial activity

business,trade,field,line,sector,occupation,profession,service,craft,world,racket,commer
cial,enterprise,line,of,business,concern,company,business,firm,enterprise,organisationU
K,organizationUS,operation,corporation,establishment,venture,transactions,business,co
mmerce,dealings,market,trade,traffic,
i. ‘The technology industry has a poor track record in attracting
female applicants.’
ii. Energy industry representatives will meet this week to
address the problems.’
iii. ‘The court is siding with the entertainment industry in its
effort to curb online piracy.’
Noun▲
ii. Hard work
 diligence,assiduity,application,industriousness,effort,activity,dedication,endeavorUS,en
deavourUK,labourUK,persistence,sedulity,sedulousness,tirelessness,conscientiousness,d
etermination
i. His industry, inventiveness and hard work said a lot
about the way Celtic play the game.’
ii. ‘On some occasions three courts were sitting
simultaneously and it was a hive of industry and
justice.’
iii. ‘Her sewing room, based in her farm in Fife, which she
shares with her fiancé, is a hive of industry.’
Antonyms
i. Opposite of a particular form or branch of economic or commercial
activity
idleness,laziness,lethargy,unemployment,worthlessness,disregard,neglect,negligence,ig
norance,indolence,carelessness,disorganisationUK,disorganizationUS,proletariat,divisio
n,discord
Noun▲
ii. Opposite of hard work

indolence,apathy,disregard,hesitation,ignorance,inactivity,indifference,neglect,negligence,sloth,inertia,t
orpor,languor,inaction,slacking,shiftlessness,slothfulness,torpidity,shirking,,

Sentences

 In every rank, great or small, 'Tis industry supports us all.

 Industry keeps the body healthy, the mind clear, the heart whole, the purse full.
 The help that the government gives the industry amounts to an indirect subsidy.
. This type of software is widely used in industry.

84.Intolerable
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫پ مّخح‬ ‫پ نمّخح‬
،‫وجالیھجہناجےکس‬،‫ اناقلِب ل‬،‫ ل انذپری‬،‫ اناقلِبربداتش‬

Synonyms

Adjective▲
i. Unable to be endured
insufferable,unbearable,unendurable,insupportable,impossible,unsupportable,excruciating,overpowerin
g,painful,unacceptable,,oppressive,agonizingUS,agonisingUK,dreadful,unsurpassable,inadmissible,heavy
-
handed,enough,overwhelming,awful,torturous,harrowing,severe,grievous,terrible,tormenting,racking,in
tense,harsh,acute,punishing,unmanageable,piercing,outrageous,unreasonable,detestable,intractable,ob
jectionable

i. ‘What kind of selfishness put their families back home under such
intolerable pressure?’
ii. ‘An extension in opening times will increase the pressure to intolerable
levels.’
iii. ‘Defeat would be hard to endure, but another rotten display would be
intolerable.’

Adjective▲

ii. Inhumanly or outrageously evil or wrong

monstrous,shocking,evil,atrocious,outrageous,disgraceful,foul,heinous,scandalous,terrible,appalling,dre
adful,hideous
  The constant pain made her life intolerable.
 The job placed almost intolerable pressure on her.
 Her behaviour has become intolerable.

Antonyms

Adjective▲

i. Opposite of unable to be endured

tolerable,bearable,endurable,sufferable,supportable,sustainable,acceptable,good,admissible,passable,
manageable,brookable.

Adjective▲

ii. Opposite of inhumanly or outrageously evil or wrong

good,kind,admirable,decent,fine,honorableUS,honourableUK,humane,merciful,mild,acceptable,average,
common,delightful

Sentences
 They felt this would put intolerable pressure on them.
 It is an intolerable situation and it can't be allowed to go on.
 Caring for an elderly relative can become an intolerable burden.
 The pain had become intolerable

85.Imperceptibly
‫عبجض‬
‫ت‬
،‫ریغوسحمس‬،‫ انزخ ک‬،‫آ بہسنہ‬،‫تہبفیفخ‬،‫ اناقلِبادراک‬
Synonyms
Adverb▲
i. Not noticeably, too small to be detected, too little to be perceived

invisibly,slowly,subtly,unobtrusively,unseen,gradually,hardly,inappreciably,indiscernibly,scarcely
,unnoticeably,just,barely
o ‘She stole a glance at him and he gave her an almost imperceptible
nod.’
o The daylight faded almost imperceptibly into night.
Adverb▲
ii. (a little) Only slightly

little,slightly,marginally,just,somewhat,inappreciably,inconsiderably,insignificantly,only,just,only
,slightly,hardly
A slight almost imperceptible vibration of the vessel was felt.’
‘And she sighed, and looked down at her hands, and then nodded
imperceptibly.’
Antonyms
Adverb▲
i. Opposite of Not noticeably, too small to be detected, too little to be perceived
 significantly,considerably,notably,remarkably,markedly,glaringly,obviously,exceptionally,vastly,o
utstandingly,extraordinarily,immensely,noticeably,perceptibly,discernibly,detectably,palpably
Adverb▲
ii. (a little) Opposite of only slightly
substantially,well,appreciably,considerably,significantly,entirely,far,greatly,emphatically,
decidedly,immeasurably
Sentences
 The daylight faded almost imperceptibly into night.
 The breath ebbed from him almost imperceptibly.
 The old friendship was imperceptibly renewed.
 It leaves us ghosts altogether imperceptible

86.Judgment
،‫دعاتلیکوجتزیایہلصیف‬

Synonyms
Noun▲
i. A decision made, especially by a court or tribunal

finding,ruling,sentence,determination,result,verdict,conclusion,decision,decree,doom,holding,a
djudication,arbitration,edict,appraisal,assessment,determination,estimation,evaluation,opinion,
appraisement,estimate,perspective,persuasion
 ‘In addition, the applicants complained that the county courts'
residence judgments were not pronounced publicly.’
 ‘Rather than go to court, civil defendants may accept default
judgments.’
 ‘There are a number of helpful passages in the judgments in
that decision.’
 Noun▲
Noun▲
ii. The ability to make considered decisions or come to sensible conclusions

judiciousness,reason,understanding,awareness,discretion,discrimination,intelligence,nous,perce
ption,wisdom,wit
 He felt safe with women because they were easier in their judgment
of his abilities and feelings.’
 in my judgment the conclusion must be that general use on the roads
is to be contemplated.’
 ‘That is what she thinks, but this is an error, in my judgment.’
Antonyms
i. Opposite of a decision made, especially by a court or tribunal
accusation,answer,beginning,disregard,ignorance,inanity,indecision,misjudgment,neglect,start,s
tupidity,disagreement
ii. Opposite of the ability to make considered decisions or come to sensible
conclusions
inability,ineptness,misunderstanding,unsoundness,ignorance,stupidity,mistake,misinterpretatio
n,dullness,misconception
Sentences
 He was well-informed and shrewd, with good, calm judgment.
 Good judgment comes from experience, and experience comes from bad judgment
 A simple mistake in judgment was often magnified to the proportions of a major crime.
 It’s too soon to make a judgment about what the outcome will be

87.Judicial
 ‫ک ک‬ ‫خگ ت‬ ‫ت ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫ي‬ ‫ن‬‫یي‬ ‫ی‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن ت‬
‫دعالےس خ ب‬ ‫ن‬
،‫وہاقونؿہیآرڈ سسجاکافنذدعاوتلںےکذرےعیوہ‬،‫َدعؽ نن‬،‫جاک‬،‫تُم‬ ،‫دعاَل‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲

i. Of judges or the administration of justice

judiciary,legal,juridical,official,discriminating,distinguished,forensic,jurisdictive,impartial,jud
gelike,judicatory,magisterial,magistral,administrative,authoritative,constitutional,court

‘It is achieved by a conventional process of judicial construction of

legislation.’

‘These days judges read academic articles as part of their ordinary

judicial activity.’

Adjective▲

ii. Marked by justice, honesty, and freedom from bias

objective,unbiased,disinterested,fair,impartial,just,dispassionate,equitable,neutral,unprejud
iced,detached,open-minded,impersonal,uninvolved,unemotional,evenhanded
 ‘Such fairness demands a fair judicial process administered by an impartial
judiciary.’

Antonyms
Adjective▲

i. Opposite Of judges or the administration of justice

Illegal,partial,
Adjective▲
ii. Opposite of marked by justice, honesty, and freedom from bias
biased,prejudiced,unjust,partial,inequitable,nonobjective,unfair,partisan,tendentiou
s,weighted,one-sided,skewed

Sentences
 Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.
 The complexity and costliness of the judicial system militate against justice for the
individual.
 The Supreme Court ordered a judicial inquiry into the deaths.
 However, the better judicial and quasi-judicial appointments generally go to
barristers.

88.Kindred
،‫کیدجیرہتشدار‬،‫اکییہرہتشاکرہتشدار‬،‫ خُماتقب‬،‫اشُمتہب‬،‫وخینرہتش‬،‫رہتشدار‬،‫زعزی‬

‫اگیہن‬،‫دنبمسھ‬،‫رقاتبداری‬،‫ انہط‬،‫ولانیقح‬،‫ربادری‬.n

Synonyms
Adjective▲
i. Having similar qualities
allied,related,affiliated,correspondinglike,similar,akin,alike,associated,cognate,parall
el,analogous,comparable,connected
 ‘This was no less than a call to the nations of the world to
gather together and discuss a halt to the arms race, and
kindred subjects.’
 That ensures that the book is treated seriously in The New
York Times Book Review and kindred publications.’
 ‘But we would rather hand them down to some erudite and
kindred soul.’
Adjective▲
ii. Having or marked by agreement in feeling or action
 similar,compatible,likeminded,congenial,sympathetic,agreeable,understanding,like,
akin,amicable,frictionless,friendly
In this context ties of kindred were tightened by lordship rather
than loosened.’
Noun▲
iii. A group of persons who come from the same ancestor

family,kin,lineage,relatives,clan,house,kinsfolk,relations,tribe,connexionsUK,connect
ionsUS,folks,people,blood,flesh
 ‘What are five thousand humans, compared to all the Ilien, our
kindred, whom you could have saved if you so chose?’
 ‘It concerns blood, of course; for me and my kindred, it's
always a matter of blood.’
 ‘A voice in my head said, ‘Go from your country and your
kindred and your father's house.’’
Antonyms
i. Opposite of having similar qualities
unrelated,dissimilar,irrelevant,noncorresponding,unaffiliated,separated,single,estra
nged,disconnected,unfriendly,disunited
ii. uncongenial) Opposite of having or marked by agreement in feeling
or action
uncongenial,disagreeable,discordant,disharmonious,disunited
iii. Opposite of a group of people related by blood or marriage
nonfamily non-relatives nonrelatives,outsiders

Sentences

 We immediately realized that we were kindred spirits.

 . I recall many discussions with her on these and kindred topics.
 The same kindred spirit flows in their veins.
 Almost certainly unwittingly, Benjamin was returning to the land of
his far-off kindred
89.Knack
،‫اقتیلب‬،‫اہمرت‬،‫اکریرگی‬،‫ادعتساد‬،‫رنہدنمی‬،‫ڈبھ‬،‫اچالیک‬،‫امکؽ‬،‫رنہ‬،‫وصنمہب‬،‫رفبی‬،‫اچؽ‬،‫وھتہڑےرپرھتپامرےناکدامھاک‬
‫ااتسدی‬،‫ہقیلس‬،‫الصتیح‬

Synonyms
Noun▲
i. An acquired or natural skill at doing something

gift,talent,flair,bent,genius,ability,aptitude,capacity,facility,forte,skill,faculty
,trick,art,competence,dexterity
My father had a knack for making a total stranger feel
very comfortable in his presence.’
‘During this campaign he displayed one of his greatest skills, the
knack of surrounding himself with the right people.’
Noun▲
ii. A tendency to do something
 tendency to, propensity for, habit of, way of, proneness to,
aptness to, bent for, liability to, leaning towards, predisposition
to, disposition to, inclination to, penchant for, readiness to
Speaking of sports ministers, it seems they all
have a knack for putting their foot in it.’
‘You've got a real knack for getting in trouble,
don't you?’
Antonyms
Noun▲
i. Opposite of an acquired or natural skill at doing something
inability,awkwardness,clumsiness,ineptitude,disinclination,ignorance,incapa
city,incompetence,ineptness,lack,want

Opposite of A tendency to do something

Ignorance,carelessness,recklessness

Sentences
 Some people seem to have a knack for making money.
 He has an uncanny knack of being able to see immediately where
the problem lies.
 He's got the knack of getting people to listen.
Likelihood
Some people seem to have a knack for making money.

90.Likelihood
،‫یگما باؿاغبل‬،‫رقنیایقسوہ ان‬،‫وتمعق‬،‫ااکمؿ‬
The textual reference
there is every likelihood of the danger of their death for not getting medically treated.(book 1 the use of force)
 Synonyms
Noun▲
i. Chance of something happening

liability,probability,chance,possibility,prospect,likeliness,conceivabili
ty,danger,fear,feasibility,hazard,odds,peril,plausibility,reasonablene
ss,risk,threat,chances,direction
 ‘There is also no likelihood that anything said or done would have
induced any other confession.’
 ‘So the likelihood of the others having similar problems was of high
probability.’
 ‘We believe, however, that waging a war will only make the
likelihood of retaliation greater.’
Antonyms
Noun▲
i. Opposite of chance of something happening
unlikeliness,improbability,unlikelihood,uncertainty,doubtfulness,unt
hinkability,questionability,implausibility,dubiety,dubiousness,incred
ibility,incongruousness,inconceivability,impossibility,certainty
Sentences
 sing a seatbelt will reduce the likelihood of serious injury in
a car accident
 This latest dispute greatly increases the likelihood of a
strike.

 I don't think there is any likelihood of his agreeing to it.

 There was very little likelihood of her getting the job

 91.Labyrinth
‫ک‬ ‫ت‬‫پ‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ھ‬
‫ن‬ ‫ہح‬ ‫پت‬ ‫خ پ‬
،‫وھبؽایلھبںںیمدنبرک ان‬،‫دھڈا‬ ‫ ن‬،‫لَبدارراوتسںاکاقُمؾ‬،‫ ن نڈڈہ‬،‫اخ ن‬،‫ جنڈڈیگ‬،‫عخق نڈڈہ‬،‫بؽ خھلنااں‬
‫وگرھک ن‬ ‫ج‬

Synonyms

Noun▲
i. An intricate and confusing arrangement

tangle,intricacy,complexity,complication,entanglement,jungle,convolution,maze,morass,snarl,web,perpl
exity,confusion,jumble,puzzle,riddle,turn,twist,coil,hodgepodge,hotchpotch
 ‘I had just completed the process of studying business
administration and journeyed into the labyrinth of corporate
power.’
  The few seemingly simple slips of paper turn out to be a confusing
labyrinth of coupons, even if colour coordinated.’
Noun▲
ii. A complicated irregular network of passages or paths

maze,warren,coil,complex,entanglement,network,web,rabbit,warren,catacomb,system,nexus,collection
,aggregate
 ‘It is situated in the intricate labyrinth of the Niah Caves.’
 ‘The original center piece has been removed and other areas of the
labyrinth have been restored.’
Antonyms
i. Opposite of an intricate and confusing arrangement
ease,line,order,organisationUK,organizationUS,simplicity,harmony,method,simplification,arrangement,c
alm,system
Sentences
 We lost our way in the labyrinth of streets.
 Finally, through a labyrinth of corridors she found his office
 He found himself in enormous buildings, with a labyrinth of rooms, and he was lost in the pile.
 Decisions are frequently delayed in the labyrinth of
Whitehall committees

92.Junction
‫ک ش‬ ‫نسنک ن‬
‫نَنک نس ک‬ ‫ب‬ ‫گ‬
،‫یسکاکینشکنجرپانلم‬،‫رياک ن‬،‫اقُمؾاباصتؽ‬،‫ بِماپ‬،‫وجڑ‬،‫اباصتؽ‬،‫م‬

The textual reference

They evacuated the important Baghdad Railway junction at Estishehir, where
immediately the patriots transformed the railway depots into ammunition
factories.(book 2 lesson 15 mustafa kamal)
 Synonyms
Noun▲
i. A point where two or more things are joined

joint,connection,coupling,join,juncture,union,seam,bond,intersection,link,weld,brace,hinge,joining,joint
ure,linking
 ‘I stopped at the junction that joined the studio with the main road.’
 ‘Some are the meeting of meridian pathways while others are junctions
with an internal pathway of the meridian.’

Noun▲
ii. A place where roads meet

crossing,intersection,crossroads,interchange,carrefour,corner,crossroad,crossways,gyratory,turn,cloverl
eaf,exit
 ‘Bikes have their own lanes, traffic lights at junctions and dedicated road
signs.’
 ‘The place was at the junction of two roads, one of which was parallel to a
railroad line.’
Antonyms
 Opposite of a point where two or more things are joined
detachment,divorce,estrangement,separation,severance,aversion,enmity,opposition,animosity,dislike,al
ienation
Opposite of A place where roads meet
convergence,convergency,meeting,merging,coincidence,confluence,conjunction,concentration,coming,t
ogether
Sentences
Sentences
 You should slow down as you approach the junction.
 A ship sank at the junction of the two rivers last month.
 If we turn left at the next junction, we should hit the main road after five miles or so.
 One of Britain's worst rail accidents
happened at Clapham Junction.

93.Juvenile
‫خ‬ ‫طفليب ک خ ک ک نکمس ب ک‬
،‫ونابشب‬،‫نسمک‬،‫ونرمع‬،‫ونُعیاک‬
‫ ن‬،‫ ن‬،‫ونخ‬،‫ُع‬ ‫ و ن‬،‫الفطہن‬،‫ونرمع‬،‫ انرجتہباکر‬،‫ونوجاؿ‬،‫ونزیخ‬،‫مکنس‬،‫ابکل‬

The textual reference

media is also reporting increasing incidents of juvenile delinquency along with those of child
abuse(BOOK 2 THE DIALOUGE)

the age of maturity, is considered juvenile delinquency. (BOOK 2 THE DIALOUGE)

what are the main causes of juvenile delinquency? (BOOK 2 THE DIALOUGE)

Juveniles should not be tried with criminals because juveniles are immature and their decision making
capability is not fully developed. (BOOK 2 THE DIALOUGE)
Synonyms
Adjective▲
i. Immature in behavior

immature,puerile,childish,callow,inexperienced,infantile,babyish,green,jejune,unsophisticated,adolesce
nt,naive,boyish
 ‘she's bored with my juvenile conversation’
 ‘He crumpled up the juvenile green and yellow paper wrappings and
tossed them into a plastic sack.’
Adjective▲
ii. For or relating to young people

young,adolescent,immature,youthful,junior,teenage,teenaged,youngish,prepubescent,pubescent,under
age,childish,childlike
 the main goal of the juvenile justice system is rehabilitation rather than
punishment.’
 ‘Promoting juvenile talent is the lifeblood and future of any sporting club.’
Noun▲
iii. A young person
child,minor,youngster,adolescent,boy,girl,kid,teenager,youth,bairn,bambino,bud,chap,chick,cub,junior,k
iddi
 ‘At about four years of age young males form a juvenile group.’
 ‘After that they may join a flock of other juvenile birds.’
 ‘Adult males seem to winter farther north than females and juvenile
birds.’
antonyms
Adjective▲
i. Opposite of immature in behaviour
mature,adult,grown-up,experienced,ripe,old,older,senile,shrinking,withering,full-grown,fully-
grown,fully,grown,fully,fledged
Adjective▲
ii. Opposite of for or relating to young people
matured,responsible,full-blown,full-grown,ripe,ripened,fully-grown,fully,grown,fully,fledged
Noun▲
iii. Opposite of a young person
adult,grown-up,woman,man,lady,gentleman,grown,grown-up,person,grown,person mature
woman mature,man Noun▲
Sentences
 We can curb juvenile delinquency by education.
 She wasn't sent to the juvenile court; instead she was cautioned.
 The defendant appeared at the juvenile court yesterday.
 You wouldn't think that college students could be so juvenile.

94.Jeopardy
‫ک‬ ‫ک نھ‬ ‫ک‬
،‫اجؿاجےناکڈرياخػ‬،‫وج م‬،‫نخنہ‬
‫ن‬
Synonyms
Noun▲
i. Danger of loss, harm, or failure

danger,peril,endangerment,risk,vulnerability,insecurity,precariousness,exposure,hazard,imperil
ment,liability,venture
 ‘A vital village transport link is in jeopardy due to a lack of people
using it.’
 ‘If the money doesn't start flowing soon, the country's very future
will be in jeopardy.’
 ‘But his plans are put in jeopardy when he meets an equally
competitive female player.’
Verb▲
i. To place in danger or cause a hazard
 imperil,endanger,jeopardiseUK,jeopardizeUS,risk,hazard,peril,adventure,compromise,expose,je
opard,menace,threaten
 ‘The certificate further describes the jeopardy that could arise from
disclosure.’
 ‘He remained apprehensive about returning to the United States,
unsure of his legal jeopardy.’
Antonyms
i. Opposite of danger of loss, harm, or failure
safety,security,safeness,secureness,assurance,certainty,plan,protection,surety,fact,reality,invuln
erability,determination,proof
ii. Opposite of to place in danger or cause a hazard
protect,guard,aid,assist,help,safeguard,save,secure,care for
Sentences
 The criminal trial system would be placed in jeopardy.
 The lives of thousands of birds are in jeopardy as a result of the oil spillage.
 The killings could put the whole peace process in jeopardy.
 It would put his career at risk, but that was already in jeopardy,

95.Jealousy
‫ت‬
‫ نرکشےس‬،‫اقبےس‬
‫ نر ن‬،‫دَسَحےس‬
Synonym
Noun▲
i. The state or feeling of being jealous

envy,enviousness,resentment,covetousness,resentfulness,spite,bitterness,desire,dis
content,green-
eyed,monster,grudge,hatred,invidiousness,malice,malignity,backbiting,begrudging
 ‘she stared jealously at his phone’
 I jealously watched William as he danced with other
ladies’
 ‘She gazes jealously out of a window above the garage,
thinking the woman in the front seat with Tom is his
wife.’
Noun▲
ii. Any competition between two or more things or factos
 rivalry,competition,conflict,contention,struggle,antagonism,competitiveness,contest,du
el,opposition,strife,vying,battle
 She's jealous of my success.

 She was rather jealous of me.

 There's nothing for you to feel jealous about.

Antonyms
Noun▲
i. (admiration) Opposite of the state or feeling of being jealous
admiration,pride,compersion,trust,understanding
ii. Opposite of any competition between two or more things or factors
accord,agreement,calm,cooperation,harmony,peace
Sentences
 Love, joy, hate, fear and jealousy are all emotions.
 At first his jealousy only showed in small ways-he didn't mind me talking to
other guys.
 It is important to recognize jealousy and to nip it in the bud before it gets out of
hand.
 I am immobilized by anger, jealousy, and revulsion.

96.Jubilant
‫ک‬ ‫ش‬
‫م ننگ ک‬ ‫لي‬ ‫ع‬‫ن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ک‬
‫وخایشںانمےنواال‬،‫اکایمب‬،‫ںیلغباجبےنواال‬،‫اشدامؿ‬،‫ ن‬،‫اکماب‬،‫ ن نتاےنواال‬،‫وُخشاں نماےنواال‬
a.

Synonyms
Adjective▲
i. In a state of elation
rejoicing,triumphant,exultant,overjoyed,thrilled,cock-a-
hoop,elated,enraptured,euphoric,exuberant,triumphal,excited,glad,rhapsodic,joyous,cr
owing,over,the,moon,transported,crank
Antonyms
Adjective▲
i. Opposite of in a state of elation
despondent,downcast,sad,melancholy,sorrowful,depressed,disappointed,discouraged,d
oleful,unenthusiastic,unexcited,unhappy,down,low,dejected,downhearted,hopeless,glo
omy
Sentences
 The fans were in jubilant mood as they left the stadium.
 The jubilant crowd joined them in the apartment for a celebration and to help
clean up the mess.
 The four men were greeted by jubilant relatives upon their release
 Radicals were jubilant at getting rid of him

97.Knickers
‫اجایگن‬
I. Noun▲

I. A woman's or girl's undergarment covering the lower trunk and having separate legs

briefs,drawers,bloomers,camiknickers,panties,pants,smalls,underpants,underwear,knicks,pantalettes,bi
kini,briefs,trousers,pants,slacks,strides,kecks,trews,daks,rammies,reach-me-
downs,unmentionables,bloomers,breeches,britches

Antonyms
I. A woman's or girl's undergarment covering the lower trunk and having separate legs

bare,nude,stripped,disrobed,unclothed,undressed,exposed,starkers,uncovered,unclad,undraped,au,nat
urel,divested,exposed,open,uncovered,unprotected,drawn,unguarded

sentences
 They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.

 if they are from Yorkshire, they are five times less likely than most women to wear
knickers underneath.

 Men's knickers went out of style and are now a drug on the market.

 Don't get your knickers in a twist ! It's not the end of the world.
98.Knickknack
‫کک‬ ‫ک‬
‫ ن ا‬،‫عَمیلخ اي ھبلو ان‬
‫س نویٹش‬ ‫ ن خ‬،‫ھبلو ان‬

Synonyms
Noun▲
I. Decoration added to embellish something

1. ‘I send old clothes and knick-knacks to the local charity shops.’

2. ‘I really need the shelf space more than anything for photos and knick-
knacks.’

ornament,decoration,embellishment,adornment,ornamentation,trimming,garnish,enhancemen
t,garnishment,accessories

II. A small object displayed for its attractiveness or interest

 ‘Elise had been fond of knick-knacks as evidenced by the many figurines

which decorated the apartment.’
 ‘Boxes littered the kitchen table, each one packed with knick-knacks and
pictures that had been removed from the shelves and walls.’
 ‘
bauble,bibelot,curio,curiosity,doodad,gaud,geegaw,gewgaw,gimcrack,kickshaw,novelty,orname
ntal,tchotchke
Noun▲
Antonyms
Noun▲
I. Opposite of Decoration added to embellish something
Normality,regularity,routine,order,normalcy,ordinariness,averageness,mediocrity,ordinariness,c
ommonplaceness,indifference,inferiority,adequacy,insignificance,passableness,amateurishness,
amateurism

Sentences
 The shelves were covered with ornaments and useless knick-knacks.
 The room was filled with tables, knick-knacks, chairs, and a large horsehair three-piece
suite.
 They had various knick-knacks on the top of the bookcase.
 They had various knick-knacks on the top of the bookcase.

99.Ludicrous
‫زماَنہ‬،‫ہہقہقآور‬،‫ہکحضم‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. So foolish, unreasonable, or out of place as to be amusing

 The whole idea is absolutely ludicrous!

 These allegations are absolutely ludicrous.
  This is ludicrous! Of course no one's going to murder you!

ridiculous,absurd,farcical,preposterous,silly,laughable,crazy,risible,comical,nonsensical,c
ockamamie,comic,foolish,funny,odd,stupid,asinine,cockamamy,derisive,derisory,idiotic
Adjective▲
II. Unfair and excessive

 They want two million dollars for the house? That's ludicrous!

Unfair,excessive,absurd,exorbitant,preposterous,extravagant,immoderate,steep,undue,
extortionate,extreme
Antonyms
Adjective▲
I. Opposite of so foolish, unreasonable, or out of place as to be amusing
sensible,grave,logical,sad,serious,solemn,common,familiar,matched,normal,ordinary,re
asonable,tragic,usual,wise,standard,regular,typical,conventional,commonplace,routine
Adjective▲
II. Opposite of unfair and excessive
 fair,just,justified,moderate,reasonable,temperate,warranted,authorized,cheap,decent,e
conomical,ethical
Sentences
 It is ludicrous to suggest that I was driving under the influence of alcohol.
 I find it ludicrous that nothing has been done to protect passengers from fire.
 It was ludicrous to think that the plan could succeed.
 It is ludicrous to suggest that I was driving under the influence of alcohol.

100.Limp
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
،‫اکیآہلسجےس حّیداھتوکاہنرےنےکدعبےچب خھحےولضفںوکابرہاکنیھپاجاتےہ‬،‫ےباجؿ‬،‫ےبےھٹپیک‬،‫رنؾ‬،‫ڈالیھ‬،‫الیچل‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Lacking in stiffness or firmness
 The hat had become limp and shapeless.
 Her hair looked limp and lifeless.

flaccid,droopy,floppy,loose,drooping,lax,pliable,relaxed,slack,lank,sagging,soft,unfirm,yi
elding,hanging,pendulous,
II. Depleted in strength, energy, or freshness

 His hand went limp and the knife clattered to the ground.
 She felt limp and exhausted.
 His arm hung limp at his side.
exhausted,fatigued,tired,weary,drained,enervated,lethargic,listless,spent,wearied,worn,
beat,knackered,languid
Verb▲
I. To walk with difficulty, typically because of an injury

 His body suddenly went limp and he fell down on the floor.
 Moreno limped off the field with a foot injury.

hobble,shuffle,stagger,bumble,stumble,dodder,plod,shamble,totter,blunder,flounder,hi
rple,lumber,trudge,clump
Verb▲
I. To move slowly
 • Moreno limped off the field with a foot injury.
crawl,creep,plod,inch,nose,drag,snail,ooze,poke,slouch,creak,along,lag,loiter,mope,trail,
linger,dawdle
Antonyms

I. Opposite of lacking in stiffness or firmness

stiff,firm,inflexible,resilient,rigid,sturdy,tense,activated,active,energisedUK,energizedUS
,fresh,hard,invigorated,lively
II. Opposite of depleted in strength, energy, or freshness
ambitious,animated,energetic,enterprising,motivated,unwearied,persistent,unceasing,long-
suffering,uncomplaining,tireless

I. Opposite of to walk with difficulty, typically because of an injury

stride,run,march,pace,walk,stalk,tread,step,parade,strut,walk,purposefully
II. Opposite of to move slowly
fly,race,speed,whiz,whizz,zip,tear,career,bomb,hurtle,zoom,rush,belt,flash
hasten,hurry,rocket,scoot,run
Sentences
 I wasn't badly hurt, but I injured my thigh and had to limp.
 He was born with a slight deformity of the foot which made him limp.
 She wasn't impressed by his limp handshake.
 His body suddenly went limp and he fell down on the floor.

101.Menaced
‫کت‬
‫الب‬،‫آتف‬،‫ڈراوا‬،‫رطخہ‬،‫داکمھ ان‬،‫ڈرا ان‬،‫ خناؿ‬،‫ڈراوا‬،‫رطخہ‬،‫دیکمھ‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

, kindly tell us, in detail, about the menace of child abuse.(book 2 THE DIALOUGE PAGE NO 83)
Synonyms

Noun▲
I. A person or thing that is likely to cause harm

 The forests are being menaced by major development projects.

 This youth and his family are well known for stealing cars and are nothing but a
menace to the community.’

danger,risk,hazard,peril,threat,jeopardy,imminence,pitfall,trouble,bother,caution,scare,thunder,so
urce of,apprehension

II. A threatening quality or atmosphere

 ‘There is an atmosphere emerging here, an atmosphere of menace that the

media help transport and magnify.’
 ‘Everyone is friendly, relaxed and enjoying the warm evening without a
hint of menace or bad behaviour.’
  It’s the only way to deal with the menace of drug dealing.

threat,warning,commination,ill-
omen,intimidation,ominousness,harassment,blackmail,extortion,ultimatum,coercion,bullying

III. A person or thing that causes trouble or annoyance


‘There was a hint of menace in his voice that made him uneasy.’
 ‘There was a hint of menace in the pilot's voice that left no doubt as
to his intent’

annoyance,nuisance,pest,plague,mischief-maker,torment

Verb▲

I. To place in danger
  ‘Threatening behaviour and obtaining money with menaces are serious
criminal offences.’

bully,intimidate,threaten,alarm,frighten,scare,terroriseUK,terrorizeUS,browbeat,adventure,compr
omise,endanger,hazard

antonyms

Noun▲

I. Opposite of a person or thing that is likely to cause harm

aid,assistance,certainty,comfort,delight,happiness,help,pleasure,reassurance,safety,surety,blessing,
joy,advantage

II. Opposite of A threatening quality or atmosphere

assurance,certainty,determination,fact,proof,protection,reality

III. Opposite of A person or thing that causes trouble or annoyancE

blessing,godsend,benefit,boon,felicity,good,manna,windfall,favorUS,favourUK,gift,advantage,deligh
t,happiness,reward

Verb▲

I. Opposite of to place in danger

aid,assist,calm,compliment,guard,help,praise,protect,reassure,save,soothe,safeguard,please,defend,
shield

sentences
 Two strangers menaced him with pistols and forced him to give up his money.

 She was afraid to move; on all sides she was menaced by the half-open doors of empty
rooms.

 The people are being menaced by the threat of war.

 It’s the only way to deal with the menace of drug dealing.

102.Mustered
،‫اجزئہ‬،‫ومدجات‬،‫اثمؽ‬،‫ومنہن‬،‫ااھٹکرکےناکلمع‬،‫ولوگںاکاامتجع‬

Synonyms
Noun▲
I. A formal gathering of troops, especially for inspection, display, or exercise

 The force mustered 1 000 strong

 The navy could muster 44 warships.

,rally,collection,array,assemblage,band,bank,batch,battery,block,bunch,clot,clu
mp,cluster,clutch, constellation,
assembly,gathering,meeting,congregation,convocation,assemblage,mobilisation
II. To find as much support,courage as you can

 We mustered what support we could for the plan.

 She left the room with all the dignity she could muster.
 He could muster only 154 votes at the election.

call,convoke,muster,order,bid,gather,hail,invite,announce,declare,levy,activate,
beckon,resuscitate,fire,arouse,refresh,kindle,reconvene,support

Verb▲
I. To bring together in assembly by or as if by command

 We muster outside the building which is bright enough to be a beacon.’

 ‘Outside, the crew are mustering for the day's shoot.’
 ‘We mustered in small groups in the hall, talking quietly.’

marshallUS,marshalUK,
convene,gather,mobiliseUK,mobilizeUS,summon,collect,convoke,raise,
 Antonyms
I. Opposite of a formal gathering of troops, especially for
inspection, display, or exercise
division,separation,individual,one,dispersal,scattering,peace,agreement,calm,w
hole,single,disbandment,dispersion
II. Opposite of To find as much support,courage as you can
answer,calm,cancel,dismiss,disperse,divide,free,ignore,reply,scatter,separate,st
op,send,away,mind,obey,dissipate,diffuse,excuse,pay,adjourn,dissemble,remov
e,disorganize
Verb
I. Opposite,of,to,bring,together,in,assembly,by,or,as,if,by,comman
d
disperse,avoid,cancel,destroy,dismiss,disorganize,divide,dodge,ignore,neglect,r
emove,scatter,separate

Sentences
 He mustered up enough courage to attack the difficulty.
 The general had mustered his troops north of the Hindu Kush.
 I mustered my courage and contacted my union representative for
advice.
 Finally I mustered up the courage to ask her out.

103.Mean
‫رہيًهیںًرکٌِبً۔ًًِیّتًرکٌِبً۔ًاِرادًٍرکٌِبً۔ً ُهرادًلیٌبً۔ًهٌػبًہًْبً۔ًهطلتًہًْب‬
‫حقیرً۔ًعبمً۔ًکوترً۔ًچِْٹبً۔ًًبچیسً۔ًًیچً۔ًثخیلً۔ًثےًقذر‬
‫اًِ َہوبکًضےًاًجبمًدیٌبً۔ًپُختہًاِرادًٍکرًب‬
THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

But the burden of proof is always on them to show that they mean business.

(WHY BOYS FAIL IN COLLEGE BOOK 2)

The tone of the words seemed to mean.

what did you mean?”

 , its results were by no means confined to the cure of hydrophobia,
Well, child abuse means maltreatment of a child.

Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To signify or convey an object or idea

 The men had meant her clothing when they referred her to a boy.’
 ‘he was asked to clarify what his remarks meant’
signify,convey,denote,designate,indicate,connote,show,express,spell out,stand for,represent ,symbolise
II. To have intentions for a given outcome

 ‘It made critics happy, which means that producers are likely to be more confident in
you the next time around.’
 ‘This is likely to mean a greater spend on advertising and promotional activities.’
 Spending too much now will mean a shortage of cash next year.

 Lower energy consumption means less pollution.

 Touching the wires means instant death.

intend,aim,plan,design,contemplate,purpose,aspire,propose,desire,expect,have,plans,conceive,premedi
tate
 Adjective▲
I. Having an unkind or spiteful character or nature

 I’m sure he didn’t mean any harm.

 He may sound a bit rude at times, but he means well

unkind,nasty,spiteful,foul,malicious,malevolent,despicable,contemptible,obnoxious,vile,odious,loathso
me,disagreeable
II. (especially of a place) Poor in quality and appearance

squalid,shabby,dilapidated,sordid,seedy,slummy,sleazy,insalubrious,poor,sorry,wretched,dismal,dingy,
miserable
III. Inferior in mental capacity
 inferior,poor,lesser,limited,average,mediocre,restricted
IV. Very skillful or effective

excellent,marvellousUK,magnificent,superb,fine,wonderful
Antonyms
Verb
I. Opposite of to signify or convey an object or idea
contradict,challenge,belie,controvert,counter,dispute
II. Opposite of to have intentions for a given outcome
chance,come,about,come,to,pass,hap,transpire,befall
adjective
I. Opposite of having an unkind or spiteful character or nature
kind,agreeable,considerate,decent,caring,courteous,gentle
II. especially of a place) Opposite of poor in quality and appearance
luxurious,elaborate,fancy,pretentious,comfortable,extravagant
III. Opposite of inferior in mental capacity
superior,exceptional,excellent,eminent,elite,unrivalledUK
IV. Opposite of very skillful or effective
bad,incompetent,inept,amateur,amateurish,awful,dreadful
Sentences
 Real peace doesn't mean absence of war.
  “Real-estate prices were high, and the couple could only afford a mean apartment on the rough side of
town.”
 He was a man of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.”
 The report fails to define what is meant by the term ‘key issues’.

104.Mass
‫ن ت‬ ‫ک‬
،‫داعایامنزاشعےئرابین‬،‫رمساشعےئرابین‬،‫َک‬،‫ازداحؾ‬،‫ڑیھب‬،‫جعن ن‬
‫ی‬‫ف‬ ‫ ن ب‬،‫وتدہ‬،‫اابنر‬،‫ڈریھ‬
‫وھتک‬،‫اتشپرا‬،‫دقمار‬،‫ڑیھب‬،‫اژداہؾ‬.n

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

In China the individual has been rescued from the aftermath of this unfortunate heritage by the
newfound companionship, common purpose and discipline of mass- organization.(BOOK 2
CHINA WAY TO PROGRESS)

But they would be very different from the little tides which the small mass of the moon raises in
our oceans.

As for Western economic laws, the endless mass of 800 million people, who can be convinced.

(CHINA WAY TO PROGRESS BOOK 2)

Noun▲
i. A large body of matter with no definite shape
  She saw a large dark mass in the water.
 The hill appeared as a black mass in the distance.
 The sky was full of dark masses of clouds.

 A mass of cold air is coming from the north.

 A tumbling mass of water cascaded down the staircase.

pile,heap,stack,bunch,collection,accumulation,lot,quantity,bundle,concretion,conglomeration,lump,aggr
egation,assemblage
ii. The size of a body

 I began sifting through the mass of evidence.

 Both titles give readers a mass of information.
 A huge mass of material has been organized into a clear narrative.
 He sorted through the mass of images scattered across the table.

extent,size,magnitude,weight,bulk,dimensions,greatness
iii. A large number of people or objects crowded together

 I struggled through the mass of people to the exit.

 The page was covered with a mass of figures.
 She was a seething mass of neuroses.
 A mass of anti-war protesters packed the streets of London.
 crowd,army,drove,group,horde,host,mob,crush,flock,herd,multitude,pack,throng,troop,body,rabble,sw
arm

Adjective▲
i. Involving or affecting large numbers of people or things

 There were masses of people in the shops yesterday.

 I've got masses of work to do.
 Don't give me any more. I've eaten masses!
 There is masses of cake left over from the party.
Masses of adoring fans flocked to the venue.

 The plant has masses of small flowers all summer long.

 Workshops offers expert advice and masses of health information.

extensive,general,large-scale,universal,wholesale,widespread
Verb▲
i. Assemble or cause to assemble into a single body or mass

 The reforms are unpopular with the mass of teachers and parents.
 Their policies appeal to the broad mass of the population.
 gather,accumulate,collect,amass,assemble,muster,rally,accrete,concentrate,conglomerate,marshallUS,
marshalUK,mob
Antonyms
Noun▲
i. Opposite of a large body of matter with no definite shape
ace,bit,dab,dram,driblet,glimmer,handful,hint,lick,little,mite,mouthful,nip,ounce,peanuts,pinch,pittance
,scruple
ii. Opposite of the size of a body
insignificance,littleness,smallness,tininess,unimportance,lethargy
iii. Opposite of A large number of people or objects crowded together
minority,single,singularity,zero,handful,portion,little
Adjective▲
i. Opposite of extensive or indiscriminate
partial,selective,confined,discriminate,limited,restricted
Verb▲
i. Opposite of assemble or cause to assemble into a single body
disband,disperse,scatter,dissipate,dispel,spread,distribute,separate,divide,spend,waste,squander,cancel
,break,up
Sentences
 Mass unemployment seems to be a fact of life nowadays.
 Mass violence threatened to unsettle the very foundations of government.
 “His thoughts were interrupted by a mass of soldiers and at least two carriages driving past.”
 The food had congealed into a sticky mass.

105.Mounting
،‫ڑجیاجیتےہ‬،‫وہزیچسجےکذرےعیوکیئزیچیسکزیچرپاپسچںیکاجیتےہ‬،‫اورپاجےناکلمع‬،‫ڑچاھیئ‬

‫ڑچاھئ‬.n
‫ایک ایغب ڈھبًچہ جو کغی اوس چیض کو بشقشاس‬
‫سکھتب ہے‬
 THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE
The queue of countries on the waiting list to recognize the People's Republic of China is growing
longer with the mounting awareness of the absurdity of the past oblivion. (CHINA WAY TO
PROGRESS BOOK 2)

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Becoming larger in size, degree or intensity

escalating,growing,increasing,intensifying,rising,swelling,accelerating,developing,flourishing,thriving,em
ergent,upward
II. Climbing

soaring,climbing,high,increasing,lofty,rising,spirallingUK
III. Growing in size or effect
 cumulative,accumulative,aggregate,collective,increasing
Noun▲
I. A structure that holds up or serves as a foundation for something else

brace,buttress,mount,prop,reinforcement,shore,spur,stay,support,underpinning,stand,setting,fixture,fr
ame,base
II. Support for something
 pedestal,base,foot,foundation,plinth,stand,support,pier
Antonyms
Adjective▲
I. Opposite of becoming larger in size, degree or intensity
decreasing,diminishing,falling,subtracting,failing,declining,dwindling,deteriorating,waning,fading,weake
ning,dying
I. Opposite of Climbing
Downward.
II. Opposite of Growing in size or effect
abrupt,sudden,unexpected,instant,sharp,expeditious,immediate,prompt,rapid,unanticipated,instantane
ous,precipitate
Noun▲
I. Opposite of a structure that complements or supplements something else
branch,subsidiary,extension,offshoot,subdivision,adjunct,annex,division,section,subsection,supplement
II. Opposite of support for something
top
Sentences
 Pressure is mounting on the government to change the law.
 Faced with mounting debts, the decision to call it a day was inevitable.
 The Prime Minister deflected mounting criticism today by announcing tax cuts.
There was mounting pressure on him to resign.

106.Minimum
‫لیلقرتنی‬،‫مکےسمک‬،‫بسےسمکنکممایاقِلبوصحؽاسجتم‬،‫لیلقرتنیدرےجایدقماراظرہرکےنواالایاسےسانبوہا‬،‫مکازمک‬
‫ت‬
،‫الق‬،‫ادٰین‬،‫بمڈار‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

The Chinese regime has set up an assistance system guaranteeing a minimum subsistence level.
(CHINA WAY TO PROGRESS BOOK 2)

“You have only to select, sir,” said the carpet dealer amiably, “and we will reduce the price to
the minimum.”(LESSON NO 14 OVERCOAT PAGE NO 85)

Adjective▲
 I. Smallest or lowest
 ‘Students who meet minimum university entry requirements and are willing to pay
would clearly benefit, as would universities.’
 ‘All candidate cities that meet minimum requirements and evaluation criteria to take
part in final ballot.’

lowest,smallest,minimal,slightest,least,littlest,minutest,fewest,tiniest,rock-
bottom,bottom,least,possible,merest
nominal,token,basal,fundamental,basic,essential,negligible
Noun▲
II. The least or smallest amount or quantity possible, attainable, or required
 ‘Food is kept as fresh and natural as possible with the minimum of intervention in the
cooking.’
 ‘The person also must be fully insured and must agree after training to work as a
childminder for at least the minimum of two years.’

least,depth,bottom,nadir,slightest,base,soupçon,atom,dab,dot,gleam,grain,hair,iota,jot,lower,limit
Antonyms
Adjective▲
 I. Opposite of smallest or lowest
maximum,most,greatest,largest,biggest,full,hugest,top,topmost,utmost,highest,paramount,supreme,maxi
mal,greater
Noun▲
II. Opposite of the least or smallest amount or quantity possible, attainable, or required
maximum,largest,lot,most,uttermost,peak,top,utmost,ceiling,crest,limit,greatest,height,extremity,pinnacle,
summit,apex,max,zenith,extreme,apogee,acme,vertex
Sentences
 The president has proposed a hike in the minimum wage.
 What are your minimum requirements for the job?
 This price is his minimum; he refuses to lower it any further.
 The minimum number of students we need to run the course is fifteen.

107.Mayhem
‫ایطبًفعلًجصًضےًکطیًکًْتخریجیًچْٹًلگبئیًجبئے‬
Synonyms
Noun▲
I. Violent or extreme disorder

chaos,destruction,disorder,trouble,violence,commotion,confusion,havoc,tumult,uproar,anarchy,be
dlam,disorganisationUK,disorganizationUS,disturbance,fracas,hullabaloo,madhouse,madness,maels
trom,pandemonium,turmoil,riot,
Antonyms.
Noun▲
I. Opposite of violent or extreme disorder
 calm,harmony,order,peace,quiet,tranquilityUS,tranquillityUK,organizationUS,organisationUK,silenc
e,calmness,agreement,system,stillness,orderliness,happiness,method,arrangement
Sentences
 There was complete mayhem after the explosion.
 It only takes a few stupid people to create mayhem in a crowd.
 If it were introduced before that, it would cause absolute mayhem in town halls.
 There was complete mayhem after the explosion.

108.Miniature
‫م کت ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫بوھچیٹای خج نبص نن نتری‬ ‫ خ ن‬،‫رصتخم‬،‫تہبوھچےٹامیپےنرپانبوہا‬
‫اقنیشوککچ‬.n

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Very small of its kind

 It looks like a miniature version of James Bond's car.

 They expect their children to behave like miniature adults.
 ‘Unfortunately, miniature roses have little or no fragrance.’
 minute,tiny,little,mini,small,baby,minuscule,pocket,scaled-
down,toy,wee,midget,reduced,diminutive,dwarf
Noun▲
I. A painting, drawing, photograph, or engraving of a person, especially one depicting only the
face or head and shoulders
• We've got a painting of Parsons here somewhere, a miniature done
by another member of the club called Peter Lens.
• The carcass is small so that cuts appear to be miniatures of beef
cuts.

portrait,picture,painting,sketch,depiction,image,portraiture,portrayal,likeness,representation,drawing,st
udy,canvas
Antonyms
Adjective▲
I. Opposite of very small of its kind
giant,enormous,gigantic,huge,immense,astronomic,astronomical,colossal,cosmic,cosmical,elephantine,
herculean
Noun▲
I. Opposite of a painting, drawing, photograph, or engraving of a person, especially one
depicting only the face or head and shoulders
i. landscape,profile
Sentences
 He looked like a miniature version of his handsome and elegant big brother.
 I have a detailed miniature of the Titanic.
 Miniature roses do not need much pruning and are ideal for planting in pots.
 He looked like a miniature version of his father.
 109.Mumbled
،‫اسرطحوبانلہکھجمسںیمہنآےئ‬،‫ھنمیہھنمںیموبانل‬،‫ڑبڑبا ان‬،‫ریغواحضادنازںیموبانل‬،‫اسرطحوبانلہکھجمسہنآےئ‬

Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To speak softly and unclearly

babble,gabble,garble,grumble,intone,maunder,ramble,rumble,slur,speak,stammer,stutter,swallow,talk,
utter,mutter,murmur,chunter,grunt,mouth,drone,maffle,whisper
Noun▲
I. Speech that is not clear enough to be understood
  She mumbled that she was sorry.

 George mumbled incoherently to himself.

 She mumbled something into her pillow.

grunt,grunting,murmur,murmuring,mutter,muttering,undertone,whisper,whispering,mumblage,sound,g
roan,grumble,rumble
Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of to speak softly and unclearly
enunciate,listen,speak,out,speak,up,be,quiet,speak,clearly,conceal,hide,be,silent,yell,shout,question,ask
Noun▲
I. Opposite of Speech that is not clear enough to be understood
shout,information,silence,exultation,rejoicing,defenceUK,defenseUS,compliment
Sentences.
 He mumbled something to me which I didn't quite catch.
 He mumbled some lame excuse about having gone to sleep.
 She mumbled that she didn't want to get up yet
 He bumped into someone and mumbled an apology.

110.Meditated
‫ب‬
‫وسانچ‬،‫دایھؿںیموھکاج ان‬،‫نگموہ ان‬،‫رماےبقںیماج ان‬،‫سِکوسچںیم خڈوباج ان‬
 ‫وغررک ان‬v.t

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

The poet meditates and sees his own body that is bent by time.(poem no 6 a sindhi woman page
no 64)

Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To give serious and careful thought to
 She sat quietly, meditating on the day’s events.

contemplate,consider,deliberate,ponder,cogitate,ruminate,muse,reflect,revolve,design,plan,chew,over,i
ntend,mull,over,purpose,scheme,brood,devise,digest,pore,over
Verb▲
II. To have in mind as a purpose or goal
  ‘I've been meditating on the perfect holiday gift for you.’
 He has chosen wisely and well, inviting us to reflect and meditate on his selections.’
aim,allow,aspire,calculate,contemplate,design,go,intend,look,mean,plan,propose,purport,purpose,want
,expect
Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of to give serious and careful thought to
disbelieve,dismiss,disregard,forget,ignore,neglect,discard,reject,overlook,avoid,refuse,bypass,skip,scorn
,unheed
Verb▲
II. Opposite of think about seriously
ignore,receive,take
Sentences
 Every morning I like to meditate for 20 minutes.
 I started to meditate on that verse in relation to my argument with my colleague.
 Do you exercise, bathe, meditate?
 She sat quietly, meditating on the day’s events.

111.Moulded
‫ًغکلًدیٌب‬,‫ًضبًچبًاترًب‬,‫ًڈُبلٌب‬,‫ًتیبرًکرًب‬,‫ًًقعًًًّگبرًکرًب‬,‫ًضبًچًَهیںًڈُبلٌب‬,‫ًضٌْارًب‬,‫ًثٌبًب‬,‫ًضڑًب‬،
THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

A mould spore, coming from I don't know where, dropped on the plate.”(SIR ALEXEANDER
FLEMING BOOK 2 PAGE NO 62)
 Presumably the spore of the mould, or fungus, was blown in through the window. .”(SIR
ALEXEANDER FLEMING BOOK 2 PAGE NO 62)

Presumably the spore of the mould, or fungus, was blown in through the window. .”(SIR
ALEXEANDER FLEMING BOOK 2 PAGE NO 62)

Having settled on the culture plate, the mould began to grow. And almost at once the microbes
round it began to disappear. .”(SIR ALEXEANDER FLEMING BOOK 2 PAGE NO 62)
. He made a pure culture of the mould, .”(SIR ALEXEANDER FLEMING BOOK 2 PAGE NO
62)

The next step was to produce the anti-bacterial substance free of the mould. .”(SIR
ALEXEANDER FLEMING BOOK 2 PAGE NO 62)

Fleming did this by plating the mould on a meat broth. .”(SIR ALEXEANDER FLEMING
BOOK 2 PAGE NO 62)

and he kept his original culture of the mould. .”(SIR ALEXEANDER FLEMING BOOK 2 PAGE
NO 62)

there was no way in for spores of a common mould. .”(SIR ALEXEANDER FLEMING BOOK 2 PAGE
NO 62)
all research-workers to be on the lookout for them, particularly in moulds and fungi, .”(SIR
ALEXEANDER FLEMING BOOK 2 PAGE NO 62)

Synonyms
Noun▲
I. A hollow form or matrix for shaping a fluid or plastic substance
 ‘Then he pours liquid gelatin into the mold and lets it harden.’
 ‘They can be melted at a low temperature and shaped into a mold as they cool back into
a solid.’
 form,matrix,shape,pattern,container,frame,framework,stamp,template,cavity,stencil,model,mould
Noun▲
II. A distinctive and typical style, form, or character
 he planned to conquer the world as a roving reporter in the mould of his hero’
 Will the new Pope be in the mould of John Paul or will he signal a new style of
leadership?’

character,kind,nature,sort,type,caliberUS,calibreUK,disposition,ilk,mettle,quality,stamp,temper,tempera
ment
Verb?
III. To form into a particular shape
 ‘he was manly in size, mould, and bearing’

shape,fashion,form,cast,model,sculpt,work,forge,frame,sculpture,build,carve,configure,construct,design
,devise,erect,make,mouldUK,style,whittle,create,fabricate,produce,assemble,cut,manufacture,contrive
Verb▲

Verb▲
IV. To influence the formation or development of

influence,control,direct,affect,guide,lead,shape,steer,sway,determine,fashion,form,manipulate,transfor
m,jockey
Antonyms
I. Opposite of A hollow form or matrix for shaping a fluid or plastic substance
interior,middle,core,centerUS,centreUK,inside,kernel,disorganisationUK,disorganization
II. Opposite of A distinctive and typical style, form, or character

stigma,shame,humiliation,scar,stain,odium,reproach,besmirchment,black,mark,disgrace,lost,face,mark,
onus,slur,taint
Verb▲
III. Opposite of to form into a particular shape
destroy,dismantle,forget,neglect,raze,ruin,demolish,break,wreck,deform,lose,prevent,refuse,disorganiz
e,disorder,stop,crush,abolish,disassemble,annihilate
IV. Opposite of To influence the formation or development of
hinder,curb,delay,impede,inhibit,suppress,deter,discourage,dissuade,interfere,restrain,withhold,disfavo
r
Sentences
 Clay can be moulded into almost any shape.
 The experience had moulded and coloured her whole life.
 He moulded them into a superb team.
 His character has been moulded more by his experiences in life than by his education.

112.menacing
‫کت‬
‫الب‬،‫آتف‬،‫ڈراوا‬،‫رطخہ‬،‫داکمھ ان‬،‫ڈرا ان‬،‫ خناؿ‬،‫ڈراوا‬،‫رطخہ‬،‫دیکمھ‬

‫رطخہ‬،‫دیکمھ‬،‫ڈٹپ‬،‫الب‬،‫آتف‬.n
 Synonyms
Adjective▲
Being or showing a sign of evil or calamity to come

dangero
us,grave,grievous,hazardous,jeopardisingUK,jeopardizingUS,parlous,perilous,risky,serious,threatening,o
minous,alarming,frightening,baleful,intimidating,minatory,sinister,black,dangerous,forbidding,minaciou
s,brooding,dire,direful,doomy,fearsome,foreboding,glowering,ill,ill-
boding,inauspicious,intimidatory,looming
Antonyms
Antonyms
Adjective▲
Opposite of being or showing a sign of evil or calamity to come
unthreatening,auspicious,encouraging,favorableUS,favourableUK,promising,aiding,assisting,helping,reas
suring,remote,bright,hopeful,propitious,rosy,timely,lucky,fortunate,opportune,optimistic,golden,felicito
us,heartening,happy,good
sentences
 At night, the dark streets become menacing.
 She backed away from the menacing look on his face. T
 There was something strange and rather menacing about the way she spoke.
 The strong dark eyebrows give his face an oddly menacing look

113.nuisance
 ‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫لخ‬،‫آابدیےکقحںیم خمایفیلکتدہابت بِحیکاقونینوطررپالتیف خمُموہ‬،‫صخشایاحتلوج انوگاریایزتمحاکابثعوہ‬،‫وکیئےش‬
،‫فیلکتدہصخش‬،‫ارمابثعزتمح‬،

Synonyms
Noun▲
A person or thing causing inconvenience or annoyance

aggravation,burden,difficulty,bind,aggro,blister,botheration,annoyance,bother,pest,inconvenience,trial,
trouble,bore,problem,drag,hassle,irritant,plague,headache,pain,worry,tribulation,distress,torment,bane
,grief,affliction,

Antonyms

Noun▲
Opposite of a person or thing causing inconvenience or annoyance
blessing,help,benefit,delight,happiness,joy,pleasure,advantage,aid,cheer,comfort,convenience,enjoyme
nt,pleasantry,good,health,asset,boon,plus,assistance,peace,contentment,godsend,perk,relief,edge,ease,
profit,health
sentences
 He was a boring nuisance! I'm glad to be rid of him.
 He was charged with committing a public nuisance.
 Her neighbours took out a summons against her for noise nuisance.
 The noise was so loud that it was a nuisance to the neighbours.
 114.Naïve
،‫اسدہولحصخش‬،‫اسدہولحوھبالاھبال‬،‫ بسڈاھاسدہ‬،‫اسدہزِماج‬،‫مع خضوامہن‬

Adjective▲

I. Free from any intent to deceive or impress others

‘He has been particularly criticized for lack of military


experience and naive views of warfare
 ‘The authors are not naïve about the barriers to the process of
experimentation and adoption.’
honest,frank,ingenuous,open,true,candid,innocent,real,simple,sincere,artless,genuine,guileless,natural,unaffe
cted,unpretending,unpretentious,straightforward,plain,unsophisticated,uninhibited,childlike,direct,easy,forthr
ight
Adjective▲
II. Lacking in worldly wisdom or informed judgment

 In the light of this, one might be inclined to say that she is

naïve or innocent or foolhardy.’
 ‘In many ways, Joseph was naïve and innocent in his
thinking.’
immature,raw,simpleminded,uninformed,confiding,jejune,innocent,simple,unsophisticated,unworldly,green,u
nsuspicious,childlike,credulous,inexperienced,callow,impressionable,fond,insensible,ignorant,unwise,youthful,
dewy,easy,fresh
Antonyms
Adjective▲
I. Opposite of free from any intent to deceive or impress others
artificial,dishonest,fake,false,artful,dissembling,dissimulating,guileful,insincere,phoneyUK,phonyUS,pretentiou
s,affected,assuming,deceitful,disingenuous,sophisticated,knowing
Adjective▲
II. Opposite of lacking in worldly wisdom or informed judgment
worldly,experienced,sophisticated,artful,shrewd,astute,cultivated,cultured,grasping,guileful,knowing,enlighten
ed,mature,perceptive,politic,seasoned
sentences
 I can't believe you were so naive as to trust him!
 It would be naive to think that this could solve all the area's problems straight away.
 He was naive and easily influenced by his friends.
 Please don't pretend to be good to me. I'm so naive that I will take it seriously.

115.Native
‫ب‬
،‫سِکاخصاقُمؾاکابدنِشہایرہشیازروۓدیپاشئای بِحےکوادلنیاسیکدیپاشئےکوتقواہںوکستنسپریوہں‬
 ‫تت‬
‫ک‬
‫یعبط‬،‫دیساھاسدہ‬،‫وتمت‬،‫اقمیم‬،‫لحمدیپاشئ‬،‫یقلخ‬،‫اخصل‬،‫ریغونصمیع‬،‫رطفی‬،‫دیسی‬،‫ےبفلکت‬.a

‫اقمیم‬

Some diseased native in the Congo?”(page no 3 book 1 button button)

The town's empty, but we found the native life in the hills, sir(page no 11 dark they were
golden eyed book 19)
“If it's some old Chinese peasant ten thousand miles away? Some diseased native in the Congo?”
(chinese way to progress book 1)
When they reached Agades and discovered the native's error, (HITCH - HIKING ACROSS THE
SAHARA)
They had later been misdirected by a native who thought Christopher had returned to Agades.
(HITCH - HIKING ACROSS THE SAHARA)

Synonyms
Noun▲
I. A (usually longtime) resident of a locality

inhabitant,resident,citizen,local,national,dweller,localite,countryman,townie,towny,homeling,subject,aborigin
e,autochthon,indigene,aboriginal,indigen
Adjective▲
I. Aboriginal or native peoples
Aboriginal,aboriginal,aborigine,Aborigine,Eskimo,First,Nations,First,Peoples,Indian,Inuit,Metis,
,American,American,Indian,North,American,Indian,Amerindian,Indish,Hindian
II. Of the indigenous inhabitants of a place

indigenous,aboriginal,original,autochthonic,autochthonous,earliest,endemic,first,mother,vernacular,primary,p
rimitive,born,domestic,local,initial,primordial
Antonyms
Noun▲
I. Opposite of A (usually longtime) resident of a locality
,foreigner,outsider,nonnative,settler,tourist,visitor,alien,incomer,newcomer,outlander,non-
native,immigrant,stranger,noncitizen,transient,nonresident,illegal,illegal,alien

Adjective▲
 I. Opposite of denotes the state or country where one makes their dwelling
foreign,exotic,international,imported,offshore,overseas,external,outside,unknown,unfamiliar,non-native
Adjective▲
II. Opposite of of the indigenous inhabitants of a place
immigrant,migrant,colonial,expatriate,nomad,emigrant,emigrating,immigrating,nomadic,vagabond
sentences
 The native population was subjugated and exploited.
 The movie deals with injustices suffered by Native Americans.
 He speaks English, but his native tongue is German.
 They called on the government to help protect native wildlife.

116.nauseous
‫رکہی‬،‫انھگو ان‬،‫دبزمہ‬،‫سجںیمیلتموہ‬،‫ےقآور‬

‫ےقآور‬،‫رکموہایاقحرتآزیم‬.a

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Affected with nausea

seasick,airsick,bad,carsick,queazy,queer,queerish,sickish,sick,ill,nauseated,queasy,unwell,bilious,green,qualmis
h,poorly,indisposed,peaky,lousy,liverish,groggy,diseased,bedridden
Adjective▲
II. Disgusting or offensive
sickening,disgusting,nauseating,offensive,loathsome,repugnant,repulsive,revolting,abhorrent,repellent,abomi
nable,appalling,foul,gross,nasty,obnoxious,odious
Antonyms
Adjective▲
I. Opposite of affected with nausea
well,healthy,whole,sound,wholesome,healthful,hale,fit,fine,strong,good,okay,fresh,chipper,robust,great,able,v
igorous,right,hearty,able-bodied,comfortable,blooming
Adjective▲
II. Opposite of disgusting or offensive
innocuous,inoffensive,pleasing,charming,nice,pleasant,soothing,harmless,innocent,mild,peaceable,unobjectio
nable,unoffending,retiring,quiet,neutral,humble,unobtrusive
sentences
 I'm a little nauseous from the medication.
 She suddenly felt nauseous, and went to the sink and heaved uncontrollably.
 The thought of food made her feel nauseous.
 If the patient is poorly nourished, the drugs make them feel nauseous.

117.negate
،‫رت بددیرک ان‬،‫اضتمد(ےشایارم)یفنرک ان‬

‫یفنرک ان‬،‫وسنمخرک ان‬،‫ااکنررک ان‬.v.t

Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To cause to have no value or effect

 ‘The problem is that alcohol negates the effects of the medication, and greatly
exacerbates my condition.’
 The increase in our profits has been negated by
the rising costs of running the business.
cancel,invalidate,void,annul,nullify,repeal,rescind,abrogate,reverse,retract,revoke,countermand,undo,avoid,ab
ate,abolish,disannul,dissolve,null.
Verb
II. Deny the existence of

‘Even though outwardly he denied wanting her, Ethan could no longer negate the need of her
presence in his life.’
‘It is difficult to see why dialogue negates or denies the existence of authority.’
contradict,deny,refute,disclaim,gainsay,reject,disallow,discredit,rebut,repudiate,disaffirm,disavow,disbelieve,d
isconfirm,disown,dispute,negative,oppose,controvert

Antonyms
Verb▲
 I. Opposite of to cause to have no value or effect
confirm,support,validate,affirm,agree,aid,approve,assist,corroborate,do,enact,establish,help,institute,keep,pe
rmit,prove,sanction,save,start
Verb▲
II. Opposite of deny the existence of
accept,acknowledge,admit,allow,avow,believe,concede,credit,own,ratify,swallow,assert,attest,avouch,certify,
declare,maintain,state,testify,say,express,voice,articulate
sentences
 This action will negate the effect of my efforts.
 Even the peaceful resolution of the crisis at the end of February did not negate these
objectives.
 He warned that to negate the results of elections would only make things worse.
 To always negate is not the way to create what is new and original.

118.negligence
،‫اغتلف‬،‫ےباافتلیق‬،‫ےبوتیہج‬،‫ےبرپوایئ‬،‫تلفغ‬،‫تلفغ‬،‫ےبرپوایئ‬

‫رفوذگاتش‬،‫مشچوپیش‬،‫ےبرپوائ‬.n

Synonyms
Noun
▲
I. Failure to take proper care over something
default,delinquency,dereliction,failure,misprision,neglect,carelessness,laxness,heedlessness,neglect,slackness,i
nattention,laxity,neglectfulness,remissness,dereliction,forgetfulness,inattentiveness,thoughtlessness,failure,di
sregard,indifference,irresponsibility,omission,oversight,shortcoming

Antonyms

Noun▲
II. Opposite of failure to take proper care over something
care,carefulness,caution,cautiousness,heedfulness,conscientiousness,accomplishment,achievement,attention,
regard,respect,success,attention,to,duty,meticulousness,pains,scrupulousness,prudence,wariness,consideratio
n,politeness
sentences
 The plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence for failing to wear a crash helmet.
 The doctor was sued for medical negligence.
 My mother accuses me of negligence unless I phone her every day.
 The accident was caused by negligence on the part of the driver.

119.Nemesis
‫ش ت‬
‫ابداشلمع؛زجاایزسااکذرہعی؛ اناقِلب بِشرحفی‬
‫ب‬
‫اپداشمع‬،‫رحفی‬،‫ اناقلبتسکش‬،‫اکمافتلمع‬،‫زجا‬.n
Synonyms
Noun▲
I. A source of harm or misfortune

He strode out to face his old nemesis.

Has she finally met her nemesis?

foe,rival,adversary,affliction,antagonist,arch-enemy,arch-
rival,bane,curse,enemy,opponent,scourge,challenger,combatant,archenemy,archrival,competitor,infliction,pla
gue,torment
competition,corrival,contender,opposer,hostile
Noun▲
II. Retributive justice
 This over-ambitious project eventually proved to be the company’s nemesis.

retribution,punishment,vengeance,fate,castigation,chastisement,comeuppance,correction,deserts,destiny,disc
ipline,penalty,wrath,destruction,doom,revenge
Antonyms
Noun▲
I. Opposite of a source of harm or misfortune
benefit,blessing,boon,felicity,godsend,good,manna,windfall,advantage,associate,happiness,bonanza,jackpot,h
elp,asset,find,aid,plus,privilege,benediction,gain,luxury,bonus
Noun▲
II. Opposite of Retributive justice
forgiveness,pardon,sympathy,reward,praise,award,compliment,absolution,mercy,acquittal,reconciliation,exon
eration,remission,forbearance
sentences
 To follow the proposed course of action is to invite nemesis.
 Meanwhile Mr Bageya may be about to face his nemesis.
 Has she finally met her nemesis?
 He strode out to face his old nemesis

120.Neutral
‫ریغاجبنداررایتساکابدنشہ‬،‫ریغاجبنداررایتسوجگنجںیمیسکاکاسھتہندے‬،‫ےبارث‬،‫ریغاجدبنار‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

Till his marriage he had been a dry and rather neutral sort of person;

(page no 14 of MR.CHIPS)

Noun▲
I. Not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement,
etc.; impartial.

‘This should be enough to make any neutral observer support them, but there is a
more important cause.’
 ‘For them the quality and standard of the game is a side issue that is of importance
only to the neutral supporters.

impartial, unbiased, unprejudiced, objective, without favouritism, open-minded, non-partisan, non-

discriminatory, disinterested, even-handed, equitable, fair, fair-minded, dispassionate, detached,
impersonal, unemotional, clinical, indifferent, removed
unaligned, non-aligned, unaffiliated, unallied, non-allied, non-participating, uninvolved, non-
interventionist

Noun▲
I. Light brown color
 ‘Colours range from neutral creams and beige to khaki, navy, grey and black.’
 ‘Like the hall, the room had been decorated in rather neutral colours, the beige floor
carrying on into this room also.’

beige,coffee,cream,fawn,sand,biscuit,buff,camel,cinnamon,mushroom,tan,ecru,khaki,oatmeal
Adjective▲

Antonyms
I. Opposite of A person not in the armed services or the police force
fighter,trooper,warrior,serviceman,man-at-arms,squaddie,comrade-in-
arms,dogface,legionary,legionnaire,regular,servicewoman,Tommy,enlisted,man,pongo,redcoat,cadet
Adjective▲
 II. Opposite of Light brown color
dark,gloomy,somberUS,sombreUK,bleak,drab,dreary,grungy,lusterless,murky
Adjective▲
sentences

 Journalists are supposed to be politically neutral.

 I didn't take my father's or my mother's side; I tried to remain neutral.
 Our actions are never culturally neutral.
 The government maintained its strictly neutral policy

121.niggle
‫ًثبلًکیًکِبلًًکبلٌب‬,‫هعوْليًثبتْںًپرًّقتًظبئعًکرًب‬
Synonyms
Verb▲
I. Cause slight but persistent annoyance, discomfort, or anxiety

 ‘Doreen wanted to discuss matters that niggled at her mind’

nag,trouble,worry,plague,torment,haunt,annoy,irritate,bother,provoke,criticise,badger,concern,exasperate,gal
l,hassle,irk,plague,rile,upset,bug,cavil,disturb,
Noun▲
I. A trivial criticism, discomfort, or annoyance
  ‘it is an excellent book except for my few niggles’
,concern,doubt,misgiving,twinge,worry,protest,exception,protestation,remonstrance,demur,grievance,cavil,gri
pe,remonstration,demurral,opposition,complaint,disapproval.,Noun▲
II. An unpleasant sensation caused by physical illness or injury

 He gets the occasional niggle in his right shoulder.

pain,ache,sting,soreness,throb,throbbing,twinge,smarting,pang,pricking,spasm,hurt,aching,stinging,stab,cram
p,discomfort,stitch,irritation,shooting,pain,tenderness,excruciation
Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of Cause slight but persistent annoyance, discomfort, or anxiety
agree,ignore,praise,compliment,laugh,crow,rejoice,delight,admire,commend,approve,laud,extol,applaud,sanct
ion
Noun▲
I. Opposite of A trivial criticism, discomfort, or annoyance
agreement,approval,concurrence,directness,facing,honesty,meeting,openness,praise,reality,acceptance,harm
ony,endorsement,contentment,happiness,sanction,compliment
Noun▲
II. Opposite of an unpleasant sensation caused by physical illness or injury
pleasure,fun,enjoyment,indulgence,luxury,thrill,comfort,entertainment,gratification,relaxation,revelry,titillatio
n,amusement,decadence,delight,hedonism,leisure,sensuality
sentences
 My only niggle is that they should have told me sooner.
 He gets the occasional niggle in his right shoulder.
 It niggled him that she had not phoned back.
 I hate to niggle about little mistakes.

122.opt for
‫اًتخبةًکرًبً۔ً ُچٌٌبً۔ًاپٌیًپطٌذًضےًاختیبرًکرًب‬
Synonyms
Verb▲
I. To choose or select

pick,select,choose,elect,hand-pick,prefer,take,identify,name,nominate,single,out,cherry-pick,include,specify,
pick out,sort out,adopt,allot,appoint,assign,cull,adopt,embrace,assume,espouse,accept,appropriate,approve
Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of to choose or select
reject,decline,discard,refuse,dismiss,spurn,grow,ignore,plant,cast,aside,turn,down,dispute,give,deny,waver,ab
stain,start,vote,out,offer,disallow,begin,dislike,disapprove,disdain,object,to,disfavor,avoid,reject
sentences
  After graduating she opted for a career in music.
 After a lot of thought, I opted against buying a motorbike.
 Many workers opted to leave their jobs rather than take a pay cut.
 To keep the cost down, opt for a basic model.
 These are the clothes which you can opt for.

123.On the wrong foot

‫غلظ هشاحل پش چلٌب‬

I. Not conducive to success

ominous,bad,unfortunate,unpromising,black,discouraging,ill-
omened,untoward,unfavourableUK,unpropitious,unlucky,infelicitous,unhappy,adverse,baleful,bleak,bodeful,di
re,direful,disadvantageous,disheartening,doomy,foreboding,gloomy
Antonyms
I. Opposite of not conducive to success
promising,auspicious,lucky,encouraging,fortunate,good,unthreatening,favorableUS,favourableUK,propitious,br
ight,hopeful,timely,rosy,optimistic,opportune,felicitous,golden,happy,heartening,providential,prosperous,adv
antageous,beneficial
sentences
 Simon and I got off on the wrong foot but we're good friends now.
 The new student started off on the wrong foot with the teacher by answering back rudely.
 We got off on the wrong foot the other day and it was my fault.
  I hadn't expected the question and it caught me on the wrong foot. .

124.Occasionally
‫وًاتقوفًاتق‬،‫اخؽاخؽ‬،‫یھبکیھبک‬،‫یھبکاھبکر‬،‫اگےہاگےہ‬،‫اببت‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

And there were other things, occasionally, that were serious.(page no 17 of MR.CHIPS)

Occasionally, one meets an old-fashioned person like the father who told me a few months
ago.(PAGE NO 9 OF BOOK 2 WHY BOYS FAIL IN COLLEGE)

Synonyms
Adverb
I. At relatively infrequent intervals

Intermittently,spasmodically,sometimes, irregularly, periodically

sporadically,episodically,erratically,fitfully,discontinuously,casually,rarely,unusually,sparsely,patchily,recurrentl
y,desultorily,unevenly,exceptionally,incidentally,haphazardly,limitedly,brokenly,variably
Antonyms
Adverb▲
I. Opposite of at relatively infrequent intervals
frequently,often,constantly,regularly,routinely,always,continually,continuously,habitually,steadily,usually,repe
atedly,incessantly,oftentimes,perpetually,customarily,commonly,forever,endlessly,persistently,much,unceasin
gly
sentences
 We go for walks in the fields occasionally.
 Diligent students occasionally fail this subject.
 This type of allergy can very occasionally be fatal.
 You can't have a complete monopoly of the car I need to use it occasionally.

125.Operation
،‫الچےناکلمع‬،‫لمع‬،‫اکروایئ‬،‫آرپنشی‬،‫ہیلمع‬

‫اکروائ‬،‫لعف‬،‫لمعرجایح‬،‫لمع‬.n
‫ایک کبسوببسی تٌظین‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

he would not consent to the operation.( .(PAGE NO 9 OF BOOK 2 WHY BOYS

FAIL IN COLLEGE)

Christopher performed useful service in helping the greaser with this arduous operation.

(PAGE NO 49 OF HITCH HIKING ACROSS THE SAHARRA)

it was the staring-point for Lord Lister's work on inflammation of wounds, which in those days
caused endless trouble after operations.(PAGE NO 68 OF BOOK 2 LOUIS PASTEUR)
 About 33% of deaths from major operations occurred in pre- Listerian days, .(PAGE NO 68
OF BOOK 2 LOUIS PASTEUR)

The enormous value of this work is shown by the fact that the death-rate today in major
operations has fallen to about 1%..(PAGE NO 68 OF BOOK 2 LOUIS PASTEUR)

Synonyms
Noun▲
I. An organized activity involving a number of people

 His leadership combined military operations, government administration,

and economic management.’
exercise,activity,undertaking,affair,campaign,endeavourUK,endeavorUS,engagement,process,venture,job,proc
edure,proceeding,project,pursuit,task,act,assignment,drill,effort
Noun▲
II. A business organization

‘Most companies have not made the transition from being multi-region
organizations to truly global operations.’
business,company,enterprise,organisationUK,organizationUS,establishment,firm,institution,outfit,corporation,
practice,venture,association,bureau,undertaking,agency,chain
Noun▲
III. An act of surgery performed on a patient
‘To avoid this problem, some surgeons perform coronary bypass operations on
beating hearts.’
‘Patients can visit day surgery units for small operations and be allowed to return
home later in the day or evening.’

surgery,biopsy,excision,abscission,aciurgy,enucleation,incision,medical,procedure,resection,section
Noun▲
IV. A military operation

 ‘He plans to do this by giving control of military operations and lucrative

contracts to the United Nations.’
 ‘The government often retaliates with military operations and air strikes.’
mission,raid,sortie,foray,offenceUK,offenseUS,offensive,strike,charge,incursion,sally,thrust,assault,attack,onsl
aught,rush,blitzkrieg,onrush,military,operation,flight,operational,flight,push
Antonyms
Noun▲
I. Opposite of an organized activity involving a number of people
cessation,idleness,inaction,inactivity,indolence,inertia,inutility,laziness,passivity,repose,rest,stoppage,uselessn
ess,failure,dissatisfaction,mismanagement,defeat,neglect,ignorance
Noun▲
II. Opposite of A business organization

disorganisationUK,disorganizationUS,proletariat,disorder,halt,stoppage,cessation,chaos,disarray,confusion,top
sy-turviness,lawlessness,unruliness,disarrangement
III. Opposite of an act of surgery performed on a patient
idleness,inaction,inutility,uselessness,blockage,closure,obstruction,occlusion,plug,seal,stoppage,agreement,clo
sing,conclusion,continuation,ending,finish
IV. Opposite of A military operation

retreat,withdrawal,departure,surrender,evacuation,backdown,pullback,pullout,recession,retraction,submissio
n,flight,obedience,elevation,ascension,increase
sentences
She’s going to need an operation on her ankle.
The firm set up its own property development operation.
Nolan and Barnes were both involved in the operation.
Many small businesses fail in the first year of operation.

126.Plopped
‫دُڑمًضےًگرًب‬

‫ جیغے صهیي پش گشًے‬، ‫ بھبسی آواص‬، ‫ایک هذھن‬

‫والی کغی شے کے رسیعہ بٌبئی گئی‬
‫بیٹھٌے یب آسام دٍ پوصیشي هیں آسام کشًے کے‬
‫لئے آًب‬
Synonyms
Noun▲
I. A dull, heavy sound, such as that made by an object falling to the ground

‘The room had no windows, and she wasn't sure where she was but she could hear the faint
plops of water dripping.’
thud,thump,bang,crash,clunk,boom,bop,clap,clump,crack,stomp,thunder,thwack,whack,whap,whop,clomp
Verb▲
II. Hit a flat surface

 ‘Dark clouds loomed over the lake, and the first drops of rain hit with fat plops on the
slick surface.’
slap,slop,smack,spatter,splash,splat,spray,splatter,pop,slosh,shower,sprinkle,plash,wet,dash,scatter,squirt,lap,
swash,bathe,spritz,bespatter,lip,lave,strew,wash,spread
Verb▲
I. To sit or come to rest in a comfortable position

 ‘He opened the car door and plopped himself down in the front seat.

‘Both girls plopped themselves down into empty seats next to Ray.’
settle,sit,seat,flop,flump,perch,repose,set,drop,lounge,recline,relax,rest,sprawl,stretch,out,loll,repose
Antonyms

Verb▲
Opposite of A dull, heavy sound, such as that made by an object falling to the ground
activate,energise,move,walk,carry out,displace,release,change,unfasten,remove,take,confuse,forget,
refuse,transfer,leave,disorganize,detach,unsettle
Verb▲
Opposite of Hit a flat surface
lose,praise,uphold,fail,tap,surrender,compliment,help,assist,aid,protect,mend,unbox,guard,cede,relinquish,ret
reat,raise,laud,flatter,open
sentences
Many small businesses fail in the first year of operation.
Three quiet days went past in the slow slap and plop of the river.
It came out with a sickening plop and a gushing gout of blood.
He eyed them and tossed the small ones over his shoulder into the water with a plop.
The frog plopped back into the pond.

127.Presume
 ،‫یسکابتوکرفضرک ان‬،‫ےلہپےسایقسرکانیل‬،‫رفضرکانیل‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

You are one of Pinkerton's men, I presume,” he said.(page no 24 of MY FINACIAL CAREER)

Verb▲
Suppose that something is the case on the basis
of probability

collect,prognosticate,comprehend,project,envisage,realise,suggest,construe,ascertain,calculate,intuit,assume,
suppose,believe,conjecture,guess,surmise,think,imagine,postulate,presuppose,speculate,infer,posit,deduce,ex
pect,hypothesise,trust,conclude,daresay
Antonyms
Verb▲
Opposite of suppose that something is the case on the basis of probability
abstain,calculate,disbelieve,disregard,distrust,doubt,forget,ignore,know,measure,neglect,misunderstand,rejec
t,deny,leave,divide,distribute,discard,dismiss,dispute,overlook,refuse,disperse,scatter,prove,misdoubt
sentences
I presume we’ll be there by six o'clock.
From the way he talked, I presumed him to be your boss.
We must presume innocence until we have evidence of guilt.
Their nephew was missing, presumed dead.

128.Precautions
 ‫ک‬ ‫تک‬ ‫ت‬ ‫کت‬ ‫ت ک ب‬ ‫ش ک‬ ‫تت‬
،‫ربخداررک ان‬،‫دي‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬
‫ا ّّطاع ا‬،‫ُمرک ان‬‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫َپےس خ ن‬،‫َپےساحاریک خہیئ ننڈب‬،‫خگی‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ن‬ ‫َبفظام ن ن ّ ڈ‬noun
‫ ن‬،‫َپےساحاط‬،‫پ نبڈی‬،‫تؾ‬ ‫خ‬
،‫ےلہپےساالطعدانی‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

you would need enough cloth to go round the world eighteen times while the purchase of a
million and a half tons of grain is only sufficient to feed the Chinese population for 5
days.(page no 32 of book 2 china way to progress)

. Everyone told his affairs, his purchases and sales.page no 32 of book 1 the piece of string)

Synonyms
Noun▲
Plural for a measure taken in advance to prevent something dangerous, unpleasant, or
inconvenient from happening

fg
prudences,backstops,circumspections,defence,defenses,discreetness,discretions,regards,securities,discreetnes
s,discretions,regards,securities,carefulnesses,plannings,watchfulnesses,guardednesses,heedfulness,chariness,f
arsightedness,forehandedness,judiciousness,foresightedness,presciences,judgments,vigilances,alertnesses,visi
ons,cautiousnesses,judgements,gingerliness,sagacities,deliberations,perspicacities,calculations,preparednesse
s,
Antonyms
Opposite of plural for a measure taken in advance to prevent something dangerous, unpleasant, or
inconvenient from happening
carelessnesses,disregards,harms,hindsights,hurts,ignorances,injuries,neglects,negligences,thoughtlessness,neg
ligences,slacknesses,laxnesses,omissions,remissnesses,heedlessnesses,inattentions,irresponsibilities,laxities,sl
oppinesses,derelictions,forgetfulnesses,improvidences,indiscretions,thoughtlessness,absent-
mindedness,clumsinesses,impetuosities
sentences
I took the precaution of insuring my camera.
The traffic barriers were put there as a safety precaution.
You can easily reduce the risk of theft by taking a few simple precautions.
He justified his secrecy as a necessary precaution.

129.Panting
،‫دؾوھپالوہا‬،‫اہاتپنوہا‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

My purchase in the presence of the entire village may impress them.”8page no 81 of book 1
GOD BE PRAISED)
. Everyone told his affairs, his purchases and sales.(PAGE NO 32 OF BOOK 1 THE PIECE
OF STRING)

Synonyms
Adjective▲
Breathing with short, quick breaths
puffing,blowing,gasping,heaving,wheezing,breathing,hyperventilating,throbbing,huffing,palpitating,fanning,cr
oaking,groaning,murmuring,buzzing,exhaling,inhaling,rasping,sniffing,respiring,whistling,breathing
out,inspiring,coughing,expiring,hissing,sniffling,
Antonyms
Breathing with short, quick breaths
unwearied,active,animated,enlivened,invigorated,refreshed,rejuvenated,restored,revived,stimulated,able,ene
rgetic,,energized,firm,fresh,lively,plenty,saved
sentences
 He came in panting after running up the steps.
 He slammed the door shut behind him and leaned panting against the glass
 . The mousy man sat on the suitcase panting dismally
 Matt was still panting after his run.

130. Purchase
‫ال ان‬،‫رخدی ان‬

Verb▲
I. To buy or procure by payment
 I. They purchased the house from an elderly couple.
II. Tickets can be purchased online.
III. The land was compulsorily purchased from the owner to make way for the new road.
IV. The company would not reveal the original purchase price of the stores.
V. Many developers were delaying the purchase of land until later in the year.
VI. The company has just announced its £27 million purchase of Park Hotel.

acquire,score,secure,obtain,gain,get,achieve,attain,procure,land,bag,buy,procure,secure,earn,obtain,pa
tronise,redeem,win,appropriate,garner,reap,attain,draw,bag,realize,capture,compass,hustle,have,corral
,wangle,solicit,induce,carry,

Noun▲

II. A firm contact or grip

 She tried to get a purchase on the slippery rock.
 ‘It took him a few more moments to figure out how to gain purchase on the surface
with his feet, but as soon as he had that, he was off!’
 ‘He flailed around, trying to gain purchase on anything he could.’
 ‘The opinions of others have never had much purchase on him.’
 ‘My Dad is a quiet man with the soul of a poet, and very little purchase on the world of
things and possessions.’
 ‘The people who are meant to be our leaders no longer get any real purchase on the
public mind.’
 grip,hold,foothold,footing,grasp,support,toehold,advantage,leverage,anchorage,attachment,fricti
on,resistance,fingerhold,lever,firm,contact,firm,footing,stability,steadiness,balance,stability,steadi
ness,balance,force,strength,contact,pull,

Antonyms
Verb▲
I. Opposite of to buy or procure by payment
sell,market,hawk,merchandise,peddle,retail,vend,fail,forfeit,ignore,lose,miss,spend,trade in,give up,throw
away,distribute,promote,advertise,merchandize,publicise,tout,flog,redeem,trade,push,barter,swap,
II. Opposite of A firm contact or grip
impotence,impotency,incomprehension,noncomprehension,powerlessness,ignorance,weakness,subordination
,submission,subservience,inferiority,incapacity,surrender,yielding,outside,inability,countermand,reversal,prohi
bition,disadvantage,breach
sentences
You can purchase insurance online.
Where did you purchase the car?
Tickets may be purchased in advance from the box office
Foreign investors are not permitted to purchase land

131.Persist
،‫اڑ ان‬،‫امجرانہ‬،‫لقتسمایاثتبدقؾوہ ان‬
 ‫زوردانی‬،‫دضرک ان‬،‫ارصاررک ان‬،‫ٹہاگل ان‬،‫اڑ ان‬.v.t

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

It took him some years more to bring all of Spain to subjection, but he
persisted.(PAGE NO 38 OF BOOK 2)

everyone would be confused and upset. Yet Katherine persisted.(PAGE NO 15 MR.CHIPS)

Synonyms
Verb▲
To continue without interruption

maintain,sustain,preserve,keep,prolong,renew,uphold,extend,protract,perpetuate,lengthen,project,retain,abi
de,linger,persist,bide,dwell,hold on,live,reside,draw,increase,exist,survive,subsist,live,
manage,consist,dwell,break away, hold out, run, endure, lead, tend, hang in, carry, draw, operate, hold,
function, last, stay, predominate, rule, weather, ply, digest, , prevail, execute, incline, triumph, tolerate, lam,
scarper, campaign, , live, dominate flow, hunt down, persevere, suffer, obtain, range, survive,
Antonyms
Verb▲
Opposite of to continue without interruption
cease,close,conclude,desist,die,discontinue,end,expire,finish,lapse,pass,quit,stop,terminate,forget,go,halt,quit
,surrender,concede,submit,yield,bow,resign,succumb,break,crash,die,seize,stop,fail,jam,collapse
sentences
 He persisted in his refusal to admit responsibility.
 She persisted with her studies in spite of financial problems
 . If the pain persists, you must see a doctor.
 I have used Marin Oomed, but the problem persists.

132.Pensively
،‫ینیگمغےس‬،‫رکفدنماہنوطررپ‬،‫رکفتمادنازںیم‬

Synonyms
Adverb▲
In a thoughtful or reflective manner
somberly,staidly,intensely,reflectively,composedly,ruminatively,sedately,resolutely,sorrowfully,sadly,thoughtf
ully,wistfully,solemnly,gravely,contemplatively,seriously,soberly,sternly,dourly,grimly,bluely,mournfully,glumly
,austerely,sullenly,cheerlessly,funereally,severely,humorlessly,
antonyms
Adverb▲
Opposite of in a In a thoughtful or reflective manner
cheerfully,jovially,casually,lightly,minor,happily,actively,frivolously,joyously,negligently,gaily,shallowly,light-
heartedly,ignorantly,uncaringly,sunnily,merrily,optimistically,frolicsomely,perkily,genially,elatedly,
sentences
 She appeared pensive and uneasy after the visit.
 She sat with a pensive expression on her face.
 He was pensive for a moment. ...
 She appeared pensive and shrugged.
 133.Prime
‫ ی‬،‫ادتبایئ‬،‫دقمؾ‬
،‫رتہبنیہصح‬،‫ادتبایئدور‬،‫آاغز‬،‫اوؽ‬،‫امظع‬،‫الضف‬،‫اٰلع‬

‫وفنعاؿ‬،‫ابشب‬،‫دقمؾ‬،‫ادتبائ‬،‫اہبر‬،‫الضف‬.n

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

A salute of a hundred and one guns proclaimed the foundation of the Turkish Republic with
Mustafa Kamal as the President and General Ismat Inonu as the Prime Minister.(PAGE NO 80 OF
BOOK 2 MUSTAFA KAMAL)

As you know the health of a child is of prime importance for parents in particular and for a
nation in general.(THE DIALOUGE)

Synonyms
Adjective▲
I. Of the very best kind
  ‘The working conditions weren't exactly what he'd call prime.’
top,best,choice,superior,excellent,select,superlative,great,terrific,capital,exceptional,fine,grand,marvellous,qu
ality,splendid,sterling,superb,wonderful,famous,fantastic,finest,flawless,heavenly,model,optimal,peak,sensati
onal,slick
Adjective▲
II. Of key or significant importance

 ‘The prime characteristic of grasses is their movement in the breeze and the
effect of changing light on their feathered fronds.’
fundamental,overriding,paramount,basic,key,ruling,senior,ultimate,commanding,dominant,essential,head,hig
h,integral,intrinsic,lead,preeminent,premier,presiding,primary,principal,chief,main,leading,major,supreme,for
emost,cardinal
Verb▲
I. To prepare (someone) for a situation, typically by supplying them with relevant
information

brief,inform,tell,notify,coach,instruct,prep,prepare,advise,teach,educate,tutor,guide,school,enlighten,disciplin
e,indoctrinate,acquaint,inculcate,,edify,apprise,direct,verse,familiarize,cultivate,familiarize,mold,condition,rea
dy,nurture,clear,hip,counsel,improve,
Antonyms
Adjective▲
I. Opposite of of the very best kind
atrocious,awful,execrable,inferior,lousy,pathetic,poor,rotten,terrible,vile,wretched,bad,dreadful,mediocre,hor
rible,second-rate,appalling,abysmal,dismal,insignificant,ordinary,low-
grade,rubbish,unsatisfactory,substandard,shoddy,miserable,
Adjective▲
II. Opposite of of key or significant importance
secondary,subordinate,minor,unimportant,least,inferior,trivial,last,insignificant,auxiliary,inessential,nonessent
ial,extra,subsidiary,lesser,inconsequential,unnecessary,lowest,worst,trifling,negligible,lower,inconsiderable,po
orest,additional,poor
Verb▲
I. Opposite of to prepare (someone) for a situation, typically by supplying them with
relevant information
calm,conceal,depress,discourage,dissuade,forget,hide,listen,neglect,secret,stop
sentences
Smoking is the prime cause of lung disease.
He was named as the prime suspect in the murder investigation.
Good management is of prime importance in business.
The hotel is in a prime location overlooking the valley.

134.placidly
،‫اخرطیعمجےس‬،‫رنیمےس‬

Synonyms
Adverb▲
I. Adverb for not easily upset or excited

quietly,patiently,calmly,serenely,mildly,unassumingly,undemonstratively,contentedly,dispassionately,meekly,
unemotionally,tranquilly,peacefully,composedly,coolly,collectedly,unperturbedly,unworriedly,sedately,smooth
ly,unflappably,pacifically
Antonyms
Adverb▲
Opposite of adverb for not easily upset or excited
angrily,hostilely,agitatedly,tempestuously,roughly,excitably,restlessly,temperamentally,turbulently,inclementl
y,stormily,emotionally,passionately,impulsively,edgily,sensitively,volatilely,tensely
sentences
 He seemed to be placid and even cheerful.
 There was a worried look on her normally placid face.
 The lake was placid and still under the moonlight.
 She sat still, placid and waiting.

135.Peered
،‫گنترظنیےکاسھتدانھکی‬،‫کلھجامر ان‬،‫وغرےسدانھکی‬،‫رظنآ ان‬،‫داھکیئدانی‬،‫وجڑ‬،‫مہرس‬،‫مہمشچ‬،‫مہرہبت‬،‫مہوھجیل‬
 ‫مہرہبت‬،‫مہوجیل‬،‫مہمشچ‬.n

Synonyms
Verb▲
To look long and hard in wonder or surprise
gape,gawp,gaze,squint,stare,look,peep,pry,spy,examine,eye,look,closely,peek,scan,scrutinize,blink,gawk,
goggle,look,earnestly,observe,rubberneck,snoop,survey,view,contemplate,regard,study,bore,eyeball,focus,
glare,glim,gloat,inspect,pin
Antonyms
Verb▲
Opposite of to look long and hard in wonder or surprise
glance,ignore,neglect,overlook,look,away,dislike,disregard,despise,abhor,miss,forget,scorn,hate,close,leave,al
one,disbelieve
sentences
 Staff members are trained by their peers.
 Everyone wants to be successful in the eyes of their peers.
 we put together a list of students who were peer mentors.
• At about three years old, children begin to take an interest in their peers.

136.propelling
 ‫ایک خبص طوستحبل هیں حوطلہ افضائی‬

Synonyms
Verb▲
Present participle for spur or drive into a particular situation
driving,impelling,prompting,spurring,motivating,catapulting,forcing,precipitating,pushing,thrusting,shoving,jos
tling,bulldozing,bundling,pressing,elbowing,striking,moving,hustling,sweeping,manhandling,shooting,ramming
,poking,sending,nudging,prodding,jolting,butting,plunging,crashing
Antonyms
Adjective▲
Present participle for spur or drive into a particular situation
delaying,halting,obstructive,procrastinating,cunctative,dallying,dilatory,moratory,retardant,temporisingUK,te
mporizingUS,tarrying,dawdling,loitering,sluggish,laggard,slothful,lagging,creeping,postponing,tardy,leisurely,cr
awling,snaillike,deliberate,idle
sentences
 He turned, and was off up the stairs, propelling his bewildered wife before him.
 He succeeded in propelling the ball across the line.
 He tells her about the pencil-case and the four-colour propelling pencil.
 Even as she watched, the arm of one was released, propelling a huge boulder through the air
with terrific force.

137.Passion
 ‫ جذثبت کب ہیجبى ۔‬، ‫ آرسو‬، ‫ ػوق‬، ‫جوع جذثہ ولولہ‬

‫طیغ آنب ۔ جذثہ ۔ ولولہ ۔ جوع ۔‬

‫جذثہ ۔ جوع ۔ ہواۓ نفض ۔ اثز پذیزی ۔ ثزداػت ۔‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

he set himself in earnest at school and soon developed the passion for work which marked the
whole of the rest of his life.(PAGE NO 66 OF BOOK 2 LOUIS PASTEUR)

: Well, child protection issues always evoke a passionate public outcry.(THE DIALOUGE)

Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless
things,(THE POEM)

Synonyms
Noun▲
I. Any strong or powerful emotion
 ‘In addition to education in specific areas of interest, one should also have a strong innate
passion and interest for the profession.

feeling,emotion,spirit,ardor,farvour,intensity,sentiment,zeal,zest,affection,energy,excitement,affectivity,anima
tion,delirium,ecstasy,exuberance,gusto,vehemence,ardency,purpose,purposefulness
Noun▲
II. A strong desire for something

She left her job to pursue her lifelong passion for painting.
He was a quiet man with a passion for writing poetry.
 ‘It makes my passion stronger to find other choices.’
 ‘Is this true of a young person with a passion for writing books?’


‘Simply put, we have the right people who have a passion for the
music.’

compulsion,desire,drive,craving,fixation,urge,ambition,aspiration,hankering,longing,obsession,pining,preoccup
ation
Noun▲
III. Strong feelings of lust
  His passion for her made him blind to everything else.

 No one had ever aroused his passion as much as Sandra.

 She didn't believe in grand passion or love at first sight.
 She was his first great passion.
 The passion between them had cooled.

lust,craving,desire,lustfulness,longing,yearning,excitement,libidinousness,libido,concupiscence,eroticism,lasciv
iousness,prurience,thirst,urge,yen
Noun▲
IV. Feelings of anger
 She flies into a passion if anyone even mentions his name.
anger,fury,rage,ire,chagrin,displeasure,indignation,wrath,choler,fierceness,fieriness,infuriation
Antonyms
Noun▲
I. Opposite of any strong or powerful emotion
dispassion,apathy,indifference,detachedness,disinterest,disregard,unconcern,detachment,dispassionateness,n
onchalance,calmness,composure,disinterestedness,insouciance,collectedness,coolness,impassiveness,impassiv
ity,insensibility,insensibleness
Noun▲
II. (A strong desire for something
aversion,disinclination,dislike,disliking,distaste,dread,hate,hatred,objection,opposition,reluctance,revulsion,ab
horrence,antipathy,detestation,loathing,unwillingness,indisposition
Noun▲
III. Opposite of strong feelings of lust
chasteness,celibacy,chastity,abstinence,innocence,modesty,restraint,temperance,virtue,asceticism,sobriety
Noun▲
IV. Opposite of feelings of anger
joy,cheer,delight,elation,glee,happiness,humour,mirth,amusement,ecstasy,felicity,festivity,gaiety,gladness,joyf
ulness,jubilance,merriment,good,humor,pleasure,regalement
sentences
His eyes were burning with passion.
He spoke with considerable passion about the importance of art and literature.
Gardening was her great passion.
The case aroused passions throughout the country.

138.Promptly
‫فوراً ۔ چظتی طے ۔ ثال تولف ۔‬

‫۔ پبثنذی ولت۔ ٹبئن کب خیبل رکھنب ۔‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE
It takes much less time to use indigenous equipment which, when not available, can be
promptly prepared.(PAGE NO 31 OF BOOK 2 CHINA WAY TO PROGRESS)

Synonyms
Adverb▲
I. Without delay

 ‘Complaints are dealt with promptly within clear time limits.’

 ‘Well, she answered promptly to the inquiries I had in my first response to her.’
immediately,instantly,directly,quickly,swiftly,pronto,speedily,now,expeditiously,fast,forthwith,instantaneously
,rapidly,right,away,unhesitatingly,at,once,bang,headlong,incontinently,instanter,momentarily,PDQ,plumb,pres
ently,right,straightaway
Adverb▲
II. In a punctual manner’
  Junaid arrived promptly at 8:30’
 ‘The store manager walked up the temporary stage promptly at 6 PM.’
Punctually, on time spot, on bang on, on the knocker, on the dot, on the button, on the nail, precisely ,exactly
,sharp ,prompt
Antonyms
Adverb▲
I. Opposite of without delay
late,negligently,slowly,behind,schedule,belatedly,tardily,behind,time,behindhand,unpunctually,overtime
Adverb▲
II. Opposite In a punctual manner
grudgingly,listlessly,unwillingly,reluctantly,arduously,hardly,laboriously,strenuously,hesitatingly,slowly,predict
ably,expectedly,unsurprisingly,inevitably
sentences
She turned off the alarm and promptly went back to sleep.
She repeated the Hebrew words I taught her, but promptly forgot them again.
She deals with all the correspondence promptly and efficiently.
They arrived promptly at two o'clock.

139.Practically
‫عولی طَور پَز ۔‬
 ‫لزیت لزیت کچھ نہیں ۔ نہ ہونے کے ثزاثز‬

‫صجز طے ۔ ٹھنڈے دل طے ۔ غیز جبنجذاری طے ۔ طکوى‬

‫طے‬
THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE
Practically every family set aside the best room in the house for the rearing and tending of
silkworms.(PAGE NO 68 OF BOOK 2 LOUIS PASTEUR)

Allied officers were supervising the police and the ports and the normal machinery of the
government was practically superseded by orders and suggestions from the Allies.(PAGE NO 75 OF
BOOK 2 MUSTAFA KAMAL)

Synonyms
Adverb▲
I. Almost completely or entirely

 There's practically no difference between the two options.

 She practically accused me of starting the fire!
 There's practically no money left.
 This drug was practically unknown in Britain.

approaching,basically,fundamentally,
nearly,virtually,practically,about,near,approaching,borderline,nigh,roughly,approximately,circa,essentially,fairl
y,nearing,relatively,around,feckly,somewhere,substantially,narrowly,barely,just,scarcely,hardly,marginally,slig
htly,partially,partly,half,relatively,comparatively,moderately,nearly,somewhat
Adverb▲
II. In a rational and dispassionate manner

 Practically speaking, we can't afford it.

 It sounds like a good idea, but I don't think it will work practically.

sensibly,reasonably,pragmatically,rationally,objectively,realistically,clinically,dispassionately,unsentimentally,
matter-of-
factly,with,common,sense,usefully,functionally,useably,usably,serviceably,applicably,utilitarianly,effectively,su
itably
Antonyms
Adverb▲
I. Opposite of almost completely or entirely
distant,faraway,remote,far-
flung,outlying,removed,away,hidden,unknown,extreme,further,secret,boondocks,unsettled
Adverb▲
II. Opposite of in a rational and dispassionate manner
impractically,unworkably,impracticably,unrealistically,uselessly,inapplicably,unusably,visionarily,utopianly,idea
listically,inefficiently,unsoundly,impossibly,unpractically,unfeasibly
sentences
 The theatre was practically empty.
 I meet famous people practically every day
 . My essay is practically finished now.
 With that crack in it, the vase is worth practically nothing.

140.Prone to
‫جھکب ہوا ۔‬
ُ
‫هنھ کے ثل دراس ۔ نیچے کی طزف ڈھلواں ۔ هشاجی کیفیت‬
‫۔ فطزی رجحبى کے ثبعث هبئل‬

‫هبئلًراغتًاًّذُبًرجحبىً۔‬

Synonyms

Adjective▲

Lying with the face downwards

 ‘You find yourself lying prone on a cold and dusty floor made of stone.’
 ‘I was stunned and stayed in a prone position for a minute or so.’
 ‘Rising from his prone position on the bed, he sat on the edge.’
 ‘I turned to Jack, who was prone on the floor a few feet away.’

flat,prostrate,horizontal,procumbent,face,down,recumbent,motionless,reclining,resupine,supine,re
sting,lounging,reclined,leaning,fallen,sprawling,sprawled,

Adjective▲
Adjective▲
Likely or liable to suffer from, do, or experience something unpleasant or regrettable

 ‘His job relates to interacting with the public and to make the area less prone to crime.’
 ‘The devices are meant to make voting easier, more efficient and less prone to error.’
 ‘Areas prone to flooding will suffer terribly as sea levels rise over the next century.’
given,inclined,liable,subject,susceptible,disposed,predisposed,tending,apt,open,vulnerable,bent,devoted,expo
sed,fain,likely,minded,ready,sensitive,willing,disposed,to,inclined,to,liable,to,likely,to,predisposed,to,sensitive,
open,endangered,exposed,vulnerable,to,susceptible,gullible,naive,vulnerable,ingenuous,persuadable
Antonyms
Adjective▲
Opposite of lying with the face downwards
supine,upright,erect,perpendicular,vertical,improbably,sitting,straight,unlikely,face,up,plumb,sheer,standing,p
recipitous,upstanding,vertiginous,upended,rampant,declivitous,acclivitous,scarped
Adjective▲
Opposite of likely or liable to suffer from, do, or experience something unpleasant or regrettable
disinclined,immune,indisposed,resistant,unprepared,unskilled,unsuitable,unsusceptible,unwilling,above,unam
enable,unlikely,unready
SENTENCES
 Working without a break makes you more prone to error.
 Tired drivers were found to be particularly prone to ignore warning signs.
 people who are genetically prone to putting on weight

 The victim lay prone without moving.

 He was found lying in a prone position.
 141.Paraphernalia
‫هبل اطجبة ۔ ضزورے طبسو طبهبى‬
ُ
َ ‫هخ َتلِف عنب‬
‫صز‬
Synonyms
Noun▲
 .

Noun▲
Miscellaneous articles, especially the equipment needed for a particular activity

 ‘Around £2,000 cash was also found along with drug paraphernalia including scales
and cutting boards.’
 ‘We still have the human resources at all levels and we still have the equipment and
paraphernalia for general elections.’
equipment, stuff, things, apparatus, tackle, kit, implements, tools, utensils, material, materials, appliances,
rig, outfit, accoutrements, appurtenances, impedimenta, miscellaneous articles, odds and ends, bits and
pieces, bits and bobs, trappings, accessories
Antonyms
Noun▲
Opposite of Miscellaneous articles or remnants

fittings fixtures
Noun▲
Opposite of Miscellaneous articles, especially the equipment needed for a particular activity
abstract concept inanimate whole
SENTENCES
He was arrested for possessing syringes and other drug paraphernalia.
They were kept busy sorting out a house and furniture and the paraphernalia of married life.
He had always liked the paraphernalia of storms: hail, lightning, darkness, thunder.
‘Various other equipment and military paraphernalia have been found in the area over the years.’

142.Prerogative
َ ‫اِط َتحمبق ۔ رعبيَت ۔ اِخ َتیبر ۔ اِختِیب ِر‬
َ ‫لطعی ۔‬
 ‫طزکبری‬
َ
‫حك‬

 ‫خصوصی هزاعبت ۔ ػنبطی هزاعبت ۔ اختیبر‬

‫خصوصی ۔‬
ُ ‫ اختیبر ثلحبظ‬، ‫ اطتحمبق‬، ‫ختیبر‬
 ‫ فطزی یب ہللا‬، ‫عہذہ‬
‫ ایظب حك جض کی ُرو طے فبئذہ‬، ‫کب دیب ہوا حك‬
‫اٹھبیب جبطکے‬

PREROGATIVE OF MERCY

‫طشا هعبف کزنے کب اختیبر ۔ ػبہی اختیبر هعبفی‬

Synonyms
Noun▲
A right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or classs
  ‘

 ‘The selection of candidates is a jealously guarded prerogative of the

constituencies.’
consent,dispensation,franchise,leave,licence,permission,perquisite,power,warrant,indemnity,carte
blanche,license,birthright,right,advantage,authority,due,liberty,privilege,sanction,choice,claim,droit,entitleme
nt,exemption,immunity,title,authorisationUK,authorizationUS,charter,
Noun▲
Morality, generally or collectively

 Making such decisions is not the sole prerogative of managers.

 The tsar protected his personal prerogatives.
  one of the prerogatives enjoyed by the president

good,dignity,morality,purpose,sense,value,virtue,class,excellence,ideal,merit,probity,quality,rectitude,right,rig
hteousness,uprightness,worth,decency,character,integrity,honesty,goodness,virtuousness,rightness,straight,a
ccuracy
Antonyms
Noun▲
Opposite of a right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class
duty obligation
Noun▲
Opposite of a moral or legal entitlement to have or do something
prohibition,ban,embargo,moratorium,outlawing,prevention,prohibiting,banning,barring,disallowance,forbidda
nce,proscription,restriction,bar,constraint,forbidding,interdict,interdiction,obstruction,proscribing,veto,vetoin
g,disallowing
SENTENCES
In many countries education is still the prerogative of the rich.
The president exercised his prerogative to veto the bill.
The tsar protected his personal prerogatives.
The path led up a steep hill.

143.Path
‫عول یب کغی خبص ًتیجے کو حبطل کشًے کب عشیقہ‬

‫طزیك کبر ۔ دطتور عول ۔ اطلوة کبر ۔‬

‫ ثبٹ‬، ‫ پگڈنڈی‬، ‫ راطتہ‬، ‫راہ‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE
I wiped more sweat from my face as I followed him down the little path between the
pasture and the meadow.(PAGE NO 11 OF BOOK 1 CLEARING IN THE SKY)

Why do you take the path straight up the point?” I asked. .(PAGE NO 12 OF BOOK 1
CLEARING IN THE SKY)
 “Look at these other paths! What are they doing here?” .(PAGE NO 12 OF BOOK 1
CLEARING IN THE SKY)

Within the distance of a few yards, several paths left the main path and circled around the slope,
gradually climbing the mountain. .(PAGE NO 12 OF BOOK 1 CLEARING IN THE SKY)

“All paths go to the same place,” he answered. .(PAGE NO 12 OF BOOK 1 CLEARING IN

THE SKY)
He rested a minute to catch his second wind while I managed to stand on the path by holding to a
little sapling. .(PAGE NO 12 OF BOOK 1 CLEARING IN THE SKY)
Then my father started to move slowly up the path again. .(PAGE NO 12 OF BOOK 1
CLEARING IN THE SKY)

Just a few steps in front of him a fox squirrel crossed the path and ran up a hickory tree. .(PAGE
NO 12 OF BOOK 1 CLEARING IN THE SKY)

Synonyms
Noun▲
A way or track laid down for walking or made by continual treading
 ‘They continued walking down the path until they came to a clearing.’

‘I turned around and continued to walk down the gray path.’

‘She became visible again, and then continued her walk down the small path.’

‘Is it long walks along forested mountain paths?’

‘I walk among palm-fringed paths, through old ramparts and walls.’

walkway,course,esplanade,lane,pavement,promenade,trackway,alley,bridleway,byway,passageway,riding,roa
d,route,way,alleyway,berm,line,sidetrack,towpath,track,pathway,trail,footpath,walk,avenue,footway,passage
Noun▲
A course of action or way of achieving a specified result
  ‘Army Intelligence is already moving out on the path to achieve this.’
 This will steadily move the company on the path to achieving its vision of becoming the first
choice general insurer for India.’
 ‘With God we are moving along on a path toward meaning, renewal, and salvation.’

approach,method,procedure,road,avenue,line,plan,route,strategy,system,direction,formula,scheme,tack,tacti
c,course,of,action,way,policy,course,programmeUK,programUS

Noun▲
Opposite of a way or track laid down for walking or made by continual treading
blockage,closing,ignorance,disorganizationUS,disorganization
Noun▲
Opposite of A course of action or way of achieving a specified result
,certainty,indifference,past,unlikelihood
SENTENCES
They walked along the cliff path to the next town.
Her sister followed a different career path.
The company cannot continue on its current path.

144.Precision
‫ثبلکل ٹھیک طزیمے طے کیب گیب‬

‫دلیك آالت ۔‬
Synonyms
Noun▲
The state of being precise or exact

accurateness,care,fidelity,meticulousness,particularity,carefulness,clarity,perfection,rigorousness,rigourUK,cle
arness,closeness,definiteness,delicacy,distinctness,faithfulness,fineness,punctiliousness,rigorUS,scrupulousnes
s,ultraprecision,accuracy,exactitude,exactness,preciseness,correctness,nicety
Antonyms
Noun▲
Opposite of the state of being precise or exact
coarseness,impreciseness,imprecision,inaccuracy,inexactitude,inexactness,roughness,carelessness,disregard
ignorance,inattention,infidelity,neglect,negligence,thoughtlessness,vagueness,uncertainty,approximation,inde
finiteness,woolliness,fuzziness,indistinctness,sloppiness,haziness,sketchiness
SENTENCES
  Her writing is imaginative but lacks precision.
 He chose his words with precision.
 Chimps are able to manipulate objects with a high degree of precision.

 He organized the team with military precision.

 The captain struck again with deadly precision.
 The movements are executed with the utmost precision.
 The rebels launched missiles with pinpoint precision.

145.Pizzazz
،‫ّربایق‬،‫رھپیت‬،‫لبیتسُچ‬،‫زور‬

Synonyms
Noun▲
Flair, zest, or vitality

allure,appeal,attractiveness,captivation,charisma,charm,duende,enchantment,fascination,glamorUS,glamourU
K,magic,magnetism,oomph,seductiveness,witchery,ability,animation,aptitude,bounce,dash,drive,effectiveness
,élan,energy,fire,flair,flamboyance,force,forcefulness,get-up-and-
go,gift,go,hustle,intensity,juice,knack,life,liveliness,moxie,muscle
Antonyms
Noun▲
Opposite of flair, zest, or vitality
repulsion,repulsiveness,apathy,cowardice,disability,discouragement,dispiritedness,dullness,idleness,impotenc
e,inability,inactivity,incapacity,incompetence,indifference,ineffectiveness,lack,laziness,lethargy,lifelessness,po
werlessness,reality,spiritlessness,stupidity,weakness,aversion,repugnance
SENTENCES
We need someone with youth, glamour and pizzazz.
‘She was glitz, glamour and pizzazz ripped from the headlines.’
‘Take your time with the overhaul, but punch it out with pizzazz.’
‘All of these men carried themselves with grace and pizzazz.’

146.Potential
‫ایک غیش حقیقت والی قببلیت جو تیبس کی جبعکتی‬
‫ہے اوس کبهیببی یب اط عے کہیں بڑھ کش کچھ اوس‬
‫بي عکتی ہے‬

،‫وکیئزیچوجنکمموہےکس‬،‫ااکمؿ‬،‫ووجیب‬،‫ااکمین‬،‫تخساقمئرےنہےکاقلب‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

When they move to safer countries, often as they seek asylum, they are exposed to
potential kidnapping.(the dialogue)

Synonyms
Noun▲
1. (mass noun) An unrealized ability that may be developed and lead to success or something
greater
  The region has enormous potential for economic development.
 I don't feel I'm achieving my full potential in my present job.
 [ + to infinitive ] You have the potential to reach the top of your profession.
 I think this room has got a lot of potential (= could be very nice if some changes
were made to it).
 The school is based on the fundamental principle that each child should
develop its full potential.
 The house looks a bit of a mess now, but it's got real potential.
 That child shows great potential - he's a talented musician.
 We need to find new ways to help students realize their potential.
 The aim is to maximize the potential for financial growth.

prospects,promise,capability,makings,wherewithal,capacity,ability,power,aptitude,facility,readiness,skill,talent
,flair,possibilities,potentiality,ompetence,proficiency,knack,bent,adeptness,know-
how,prowess,aptness,expertise,mastery,expertness,dexterity,embryonic,conceivable,developing,imaginable,i
mplicit,dormant,inherent,unrealized,undeveloped,in,the,making,wannabe,aspiring,hopeful,would-
be,ambitious,striving,wishful,eager,keen,optimistic,promising,enterprising,longing,aspirant,possible,likely,pros
pective,future,probable,budding,latent
Noun▲
2. The capabilities or efficiency of a machine or product

 There are potential problems at every stage of the drug production chain.
 A number of potential buyers are thought to have shown interest.
 We have put additional resources into the company to ensure it reaches its full potential in
Scotland.
performance,effectiveness,capability,capabilities,power,capacity,efficiency,efficacy,functioning,operation,wor
king,behaviorUS,behaviourUK,action,running,potency,function,impact,ability,effectualness,efficacity,effect,pro
gress,productiveness,facility,
Antonyms
Adjective▲
Noun▲
(mass noun) Opposite of an unrealized ability that may be developed and lead to success or
something greater
incompetence,inability,weakness,impotence,ineptitude,ineffectiveness,inadequacy,uselessness,inaptitude,inc
apability,ineptness,incapacity,ineffectualness,inefficacy,inutility,hopelessness,inefficiency,ineffectuality,powerl
essness,unfitness
Noun▲
Opposite of The capabilities or efficiency of a machine or product
unlikely,impossible,improbable,doubtful,dubious,inconceivable,remote,questionable,unconvincing,unimagina
ble,unpromising,helpless,implausible,not,likely,unreasonable,absurd,unrealistic
impossibility,ridiculousness,unfeasibility,unlikelihood,difficulty,safety,impossible,certainty,surety,plan,inability,
disability,incapability,incapableness,incapacity,incompetence,incompetency,ineptitude,ineptness,failing
SENTENCES
 We have compiled a list of 10 potential candidates.
  First we need to identify actual and potential problems.
 Have you looked into the potential side effects of the treatment?
 ‘Any time that a hospital doctor devotes to computing does not lead to increased income
potential.’

147.Qualitative
،‫اختیص‬،‫درہجدمعیگےکقلعتم‬،‫ونیعایونیتیع‬،‫امینیب‬،‫یفیک‬

‫ کظی صفت کے‬، ‫کیفیت کے هتعلك هبہیت کے ثبرے هیں‬

‫هتعلك ۔‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲
(formal) Of the highest quality

exceptional,brilliant,exquisite,fine,magnificent,outstanding,distinguished,exemplary,extraordinary,incredible,s
ensational,spectacular,admirable,amazing,great,impressive,marvellousUK,marvelousUS,splendid,superb,wond
erful,accomplished,enviable,first-rate,grand,notable,peerless,premium,prime,sterling
Antonyms
Adjective▲
(formal) Opposite of of the highest quality
terrible,poor,bad,crude,inferior,insignificant,ordinary,unexceptional,abysmal,appalling,indistinguished,commo
n,detestable,disastrous,dreadful,frightful,ghastly,hideous,horrendous,horrible,horrid,horrific,imperfect,second
-class
SENTENCES
  There are qualitative differences between the two products.
 This, I believe, is indicative of a qualitative shift in the debate on reform.
 he offered free and qualitative education to the children’
 ‘In essence, this student was required to defend the choice of a qualitative paradigm.’
 Girls in the qualitative study reported more troubled and unstable families than boys.

148.Qualm
،‫وجنسحاالخؼاکاقتاضوہ‬،‫ریمضیکآواز‬،‫ریمضیکشلخوجاےنپروےیےکابرےںیموسحمسوہ‬

‫ریمضیکشلخ‬،‫ریمضیکنھبچ‬،‫ریمضیکآواز‬،‫یلتم‬،‫امشل‬،‫اکٹھک‬،‫دڑھاک‬،‫ددغاغ‬،‫دنبش‬

Synonyms
Noun▲
A sudden sensation of misgiving
doubt,misgiving,anxiety,apprehension,hesitation,reluctance,uneasiness,demur,disquiet,regret,reservation,trep
idation,worry,concern,disinclination,hesitance,hesitancy,remorse,uncertainty,unease,compunction,disquietud
e,scruple
Antonyms
Noun▲
Opposite of a sudden sensation of misgiving
6confidence,approval,calm,calmness,certainty,collectedness,comfort,contentedness,ease,happiness,pe
ace,sureness,trust,belief,faith,certitude,conviction,assurance,surety,decisiveness,resoluteness,unconcern,relia
nce,calculation,measurement,proof
SENTENCES
 He had been working very hard so he had no qualms about taking a few days off.
  She left her husband and children without a qualm.
 ‘The advertising companies, currently employed by the parties, have no qualms about
emotional manipulation.’
 we expect loyalty and have no qualms about throwing someone out of the group if they don't
play fair with us.’

149.Quantitative
‫ت‬ ‫ت ب‬
،‫تیمکاک‬،‫وکظ ناہ نکےنوایلدقماری‬ ‫سِکزیچیک ب ن‬،‫دقارب‬
‫مڈارایازجا ن‬ ‫ن‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲
Able to be measured

 Our employees receive a quantitative rating based on the dollar value of their sales.
 ‘That may be appropriate, but using these qualitative data for quantitative statistics is
fraught with difficulty.’
assessable,calculable,computable,measurable,numerical,quantifiable,ratable,reckonable,gaugeable,material,fa
thomable,resolvable,determinable,mensurable,appraisable,weighable,determinate,surveyable,detectable,con
siderable,discernible
Adjective▲

Antonyms
Adjective▲
Opposite of Able to be measured
unquantifiable,incalculable,immeasurable,countless,uncountable,indeterminate,indefinable,unidentifiable,uns
pecifiable
Adjective▲
sentences
There is no difference between the two in quantitative terms.
Yet this is in many ways a quantitative rather than a qualitative distinction.’
Only a few exceptional quantitative measures such as aspect ratio, petal area and perimeter are
presently available.’
Oxygen is able to embrittle beryllium, but there is no quantitative measure of the effect.’

150.Quarrel
‫ک‬
‫ض ھک‬
‫ولزیہشیش‬،‫نیعملکشاکہشیش‬،‫ارتعا ریکاکرُمعب‬،‫اکشتی‬،‫ انابافتیق‬،‫انؿنب‬،‫ڑلایئ‬،‫ڑگھجا‬n
‫انھجل‬،‫ڑل ان‬،‫ڑلائرک ان‬،‫ڑگھج ان‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

Please don't quarrel. It always gives me a headache.(THE DIALOUGE)

I never quarrel. I merely reason, in my simple way, with Miss Know-it-all here. .(THE DIALOUGE)

Synonyms
Noun▲
A heated argument or disagreement, typically about a trivial issue and between people who are
usually on good term
  He did not mention the quarrel with his wife.
 He got involved in a quarrel with his neighbour.
 quarrel about something They had a quarrel about money.
 quarrel over something a quarrel over the ownership of a piece of land
 quarrel between A and B Were you at any time aware of a quarrel between the two of
them?
 quarrel (with somebody/between A and B) (about/over something) Paul's incessant quarrels
with his sisters over investments
 They had a bitter quarrel about/over some money three years ago and they haven't
spoken to each other since.
 We have no quarrel with the people of your country (= we have no reason to disagree
with or dislike them).
 They seem to have patched up their quarrel (= finished their disagreement and started
to be friendly).

contention,misunderstanding,altercation,disturbance,scrap,wrangle,feud,spat,tiff,commotion,disputation,diss
ension,falling-
out,affray,contretemps,controversy,fracas,clash,tumult,argument,fight,row,disagreement,dispute,squabble,br
awl,
Noun▲
A complaint or grievance
quarrel (with somebody/something) (especially in negative sentences)
 We have no quarrel with his methods.

 Our quarrel is not with the people, but with their leader.
 We have no quarrel with their plans, in fact we support them.

beef,complaint,grievance,grumble,criticism,gripe,grouse,objection,moan,protestation,whinge,dispute,grouch,
problem,annoyance,bleat,carp,carping,cavil,dissatisfaction,fuss,griping,grumbling,holler,kvetch,lament,miserer
e,murmur
Antonyms
Noun▲
Opposite of a heated argument or disagreement, typically about a trivial issue and between people
who are usually on good term
agreement,reconciliation,accord,concord,approval,calm,calmness,concurrence,harmony,order,peace,praise,qu
iet,sanction,tranquillityUK,tranquilityUS,truce,union,silence,surrender,sameness,likeness,happiness,similarity,c
onnection
Noun▲
Opposite of a complaint or grievance
acceptance,applause,approval,commendation,compliment,contentedness,exculpation,flattery,happiness,pleas
ure,praise,recommendation,sanction,silence,health,wellness,peace,calm,acquittal,agreement,harmony,exoner
ation,concurrence
SENTENCES
 He got involved in a quarrel with his neighbour.
 He did not mentio44n the quarrel with his wife.
 They had a quarrel about money.
 Were you at any time aware of a quarrel between the two of them?
 151.Quench
‫پ‬
‫روانک‬،‫اٹھگ ان‬،‫دامیھرک ان‬،‫ خحھاادانی‬،‫خُگرکدانی‬

‫زورمکرک ان‬،‫ایپسوکرعفرک ان‬،‫اافترک ان‬،‫لگرک ان‬،‫اٹھگ ان‬،‫دامیھرک ان‬،‫داب ان‬،‫اھجب ان‬.v.t

‫تیشی طے ٹھنڈا کزنب ۔ اص عول طے هبدے کی خصوصیبت تجذیل‬

‫ہوطکتی ہیں هثال ً اص عول طے طٹیل کو طخت کیب جبتب ہے‬

‫ثجھبنب ۔ گل کزنب ۔‬
THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE
The leaves on the upper level get the rain drops first and quench their thirst.(PAGE NO 51
THE RAIN POEM)

Synonyms
Verb▲
To cause to cease burning

4
 The flames were quenched by heavy rain.
 Heavy rains quenched the fire.
 
we thoroughly quenched the campfire before we headed to bed
extinguish,douse,put,out,smother,blanket,check,crush,destroy,dowse,end,suppress,snuff,out,squelch,stifle,an
nihilate,choke,dampen,decimate,demolish,destruct,dismantle,kill,moisten,quash,quell,raze,ruin,shatter
Verb▲
Satisfy, especially thirst

 He no longer quenches his thirst by drinking sodas.’

 ‘We moved back to the bar joking and laughing, and ordered drinks to quench our thirst.’
 ‘You could drink it, but it doesn't quench thirst in the least, and it has a slightly bitter taste.’

satisfy,slake,sate,satiate,appease,assuage,gratify,relieve,fulfillUS,fulfilUK,indulge,meet,reduce,check,curb,dam
p,deaden,decrease,diminish,lessen,lower,still,allay,extinguish,overcome,smother,stifle,suppress,alleviate,cont
ent
Antonyms
Verb▲
Opposite of to cause to cease burning
enflame,fire,ignite,inflame,kindle,light,aid,assist,bear,begin,build,construct,create,dissatisfy,dry,encourage,fix,
help,release,repair,set,start,give,birth,please,assuage,save
Verb▲
Opposite of satisfy, especially thirst
abstain,aggravate,burden,deprive,diet,disturb,fast,increase,intensify,pain,provoke,stimulate,upset,frustrate,in
cite,agitate,dissatisfy,worsen,worry,irritate,exacerbate,anger,disappoint,excite,deplete,starve,trouble,arouse,
depress
SENTENCES
 Firemen tried to quench the flames raging through the building.
 he only pursued her to quench an aching need’
 ‘The desire for a better life is not easily quenched.’
  ‘The couple used domestic fire extinguishers to quench the flames in the Georgian house on
the Lee Road.’

152.Query
‫ایک ایغب احغبط یب سویہ جظ عے کغی کو کغی کی‬
‫ یب اعتوبد کی خبش ًہیں ہوتی‬، ‫ عچبئی‬، ‫عچبئی‬
‫ہے‬

‫وساؽرکےکولعمؾرک ان‬،‫وجاب‬،‫وساؽ‬،‫ااہفتسؾ‬،‫اافتسر‬
n.

Synonyms
Noun▲
A feeling or attitude that one does not know the truth, truthfulness, or trustworthiness of someone
or something

 [ + question word ] She queried whether three months was long enough.
 [ + speech ] "Any chance of a cup of tea?" he queried hopefully.
doubt,suspicion,reservation,uncertainty,distrust,distrustfulness,dubiety,dubitation,incertitude,misdoubt,misgi
ving,mistrust,mistrustfulness,question,scepticismUK,skepticismUS,hesitation,objection,concern,demand,interr
ogatory,probe,problem
Noun▲
A question, especially one expressing doubt or requesting information

 If you have any queries about your treatment, the doctor will answer them.
 What was their response to your query?
 He could always do something useful instead of wasting my time with footling queries.

 Most of the job involves sorting customers out who have queries.
 I've got a query about my tax.
 We have received many written queries about the product.
interrogation,problem,quiz,quizzing,investigation,poll,inquisition,inquest,questioning,cross-
examination,study,pursuit,scrutiny,quest,research,question,inquiryUS,call,enquiryUK,request,demand,examin
ation,
Antonyms
Noun▲
Opposite of a feeling or attitude that one does not know the truth, truthfulness, or trustworthiness
of someone or something
assurance,belief,certainty,certitude,confidence,conviction,sureness,surety,trust,agreement,answer,faith,reply,
positiveness,assuredness,reliability,harmony,concord,unconcern,reliance,credit,calm,acceptance,calculation,m
easurement
Verb▲
Opposite of A question, especially one expressing doubt or requesting information
accept,approve,acknowledge,accede,to,acquiesce,to,back,recogniseUK,recognizeUS,respect,abide,by,advocate
,affirm,believe,champion,favourUK,favorUS,submit,to,support,agree,with,capitulate,to,comply,with,concur,wit
h,consent,to
SENTENCES
Our assistants will be happy to answer your queries.
If you have a query about your insurance policy, contact our helpline.

 I posted my query on the website and got an immediate reply.

 I've a query to put to the last speaker.
 We had queries from people all over the country.
 We regret that we cannot deal with queries on individual cases.
 Have you any queries about what you're supposed to do?

153.Queue
‫وساؽرکےکولعمؾرک ان‬،‫وجاب‬،‫وساؽ‬،‫ااہفتسؾ‬،‫اافتسر‬
n.

‫ ب ب‬،‫اطقر‬،‫دنگےابولںیکٹل‬،‫ڈنیمیھ‬،‫وچیٹ‬
‫دنگےھوھےابؽ‬،‫وچیٹ‬n،‫ِسلِس‬
 THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE
The queue of countries on the waiting list to recognize the People's Republic of China is
growing longer with the mounting awareness.(PAGE NO 28 CHINA WAY TO PROGRESS)

Synonyms
Noun▲
A line or sequence of people or vehicles awaiting their turn to be attended to or to proceed
succession,procession,progression,cavalcade,crocodile,cue,range,stream,backup,breadline,concatenation,wait
,backlog,echelon,order,rank,reserve,list,tail,tier,array,list,group,trail,fleet,armada,bank,parade,file,line,column
,string,train,row,chain,series,sequence
antonyms
Noun▲
Opposite of a line or sequence of people or vehicles awaiting their turn to be attended to or to
proceed
disorder,disorganisationUK,disorganizationUS,individual,peace,agreement,entertainment,speech,fun
SENTENCES
 There were long queues at polling stations.
 Patients face lengthy queues for treatment.
 Shoppers had to wait in long queues.

 Long queues are building up on the city's exit roads.

 More unemployed people are joining the dole queue each week.
 Please form an orderly queue.
 The queue stretched for more than a mile.

154.Quirk
‫کغی شخض کے کشداس یب عشص عول کب ایک عجیب‬
‫پہلو‬
‫کغی چیض یب شخض کی طفت‬
‫لذین تیش رفتبر چظت ۔ هظتعذ ۔ چبق و چوثنذ ۔ تیش ۔ طزا‬
Synonyms
Noun▲
A peculiar aspect of a person's character or behavior
  You have to get used to other people's quirks and foibles.
 There is a quirk in the rules that allows you to invest money without paying tax.
 By some strange quirk/By an odd quirk of fate (= unexpectedly), we ended up on the same train.
characteristic,fancy,habit,kink,whim,caprice,crotchet,singularity,trait,vagary,conceit,whimsy,notion,aberration
,curiosity,erraticism,feature,fetish,individualism,obsession,peculiarity,eccentricity,idiosyncrasy,mannerism,odd
ity,foible
Noun▲
An attribute of a thing or person
  It was a remarkable quirk in his otherwise orderly character.
 Perhaps it's some quirk in your nature that makes you behave like that.

quality,attribute,character,characteristic,feature,aspect,essence,virtue,nature,property,badge,condition,facet,
hallmark,idiosyncrasy,mark,point,side,stamp,streak,trademark,trait,attribution,charm,diagnostic,differentia
Antonyms
Noun▲
Opposite of a peculiar aspect of a person's character or behaviour
inability,normality,usualness,standard,regularity,sameness,conformity,dislike,hate,seriousness,commonality,a
verage,normalcy,simplicity,disinclination,norm,hatred,uniformity,whole,usual,line,work,dullness,soundness,tra
gedy,sense
Noun▲
Opposite of an attribute of a thing or person
stigma,shame,humiliation,scar,stain,odium,reproach,besmirchment,black,mark,disgrace,dishonourUK,dishono
rUS
SENTENCES
 Everyone has their own little quirks and mannerisms.
 It was a remarkable quirk in his otherwise orderly character.
 Perhaps it's some quirk in your nature that makes you behave like that.
 By a strange quirk of fate they had booked into the same hotel.

155.Quiver
 ‫ خبص‬، ‫ہلکی عی کبًپ اٹھٌے والی حشکت یب آواص‬
‫کش اچبًک هضبوط جزببت کی وجہ عے‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

However, sometimes that too quivered.(PAGE NO 80 OF BOOK 1 GOD BE PRAISED)
. In a quivering voice, he said: “O Allah, daughters are your helpless creatures! ” (PAGE NO 80
OF BOOK 1 GOD BE PRAISED)

Synonyms
Noun▲
A slight trembling movement or sound, especially one caused by a sudden strong emotion

 Lennie's bottom lip quivered and tears started in his eyes.

 The opening bars of the music sent a quiver of excitement through the crowd.
 A quiver of excitement ran through the crowd.
 ‘she couldn't help the quiver in her voice’
  ‘He had noticed her shaking and the slight quiver in her voice as she finished her story.’
 ‘He ignored the slight quiver in his voice; after all, these English rooms echoed so oddly.’
 ‘I silently cursed myself for the quiver in my voice.’
 ‘She said, louder this time, and with a quiver in her voice.’

 ‘She was proud of herself for keeping the quiver from her voice.’

tremble,shake,shiver,shudder,tremor,vibration,shaking,chill,flutter,frisson,oscillation,quake,quaver,shakiness,s
pasm,throb,convulsion,falter,fluctuation,palpitation,pulsation,ripple,tic,waver,flash,glimmer,glitter,shimmer,s
parkle,twinkle
Verb▲
Tremble or shake with a slight rapid motion

‫ہلکی ہلکی حشکت کے عبتھ لشصًب یب ہلٌب‬

 ‘I silently cursed myself for the quiver in my voice.’

 ‘She said, louder this time, and with a quiver in her voice.’

 ‘She was proud of herself for keeping the quiver from her voice.’

shake,quake,shudder,convulse,tremble,agitate,shiver,vibrate,quaver,bucket,jerk,jiggle,joggle,jolt,jounce,judde
r,wabble,wobble,palpitate,pulsate,dither,jitter,oscillate,pulse
Antonyms
Noun▲
Opposite of a slight trembling movement or sound, especially one caused by a sudden strong
emotion
dullness,quiet,stillness,steadiness,hush,quiet,quietness,quietude,still,calm,calmness,peace,peacefulness,placid
ity,repose,restfulness,sereneness,serenity,silence,tranquilityUS,tranquillityUK,immobility,inaction,inactivity
Verb▲
Opposite of tremble or shake with a slight rapid motion
steady,be,still,calm,remain,stay,soothe,hold,face,meet,fix,stabiliseUK,stabilizeUS,order,appease,quiet,agree,sti
llness
SENTENCES
 Her lip quivered and then she started to cry.

 The memory of that day made him quiver with anger.

 the bird runs along in a zigzag path, quivering its wings’

 The earth shook and quivered underfoot.’

156.Quizzical
‫ک‬
‫ خطہف‬،‫اوناھک‬،‫ بناال‬،‫زماہیح‬

‫پوصیشي هیں پوچھ گچھ یب تجویض کشًب‬

Synonyms
Adjective▲
Questioning or suggesting puzzlement
bantering,curious,mocking,questioning,sardonic,supercilious,teasing,amused,arch,baffled,chaffing,derisive,en
quiringUK,fooling,funning,inquiringUS,jesting,joking,joshing,kidding,mystified,perplexed,puzzled,rallying,razzin
g,ribbing,scepticalUK,amusing,aporetic,disbelieving,eccentric,incredulous,inquisitive
Antonyms
Adjective▲
Opposite of questioning or suggesting puzzlement
certain,understanding,believing,trusting,unquestioning,credulous,convinced,gullible,trustful,uncritical,gullable,
unsuspicious,sure,dogmatic,optimistic,undoubting,of,fixed,mind,free,from,doubt
SENTENCES
He gave me a quizzical look when I ordered champagne.
‘she gave me a quizzical look’
He stood up and looked around curiously, a quizzical expression on his face.’
‘I almost had to laugh when I saw the quizzical expression on her face.’

157.Quotation
‫ حْالہًدیٌےًکبًعول‬,‫اھبٴو‬،‫ رنخ‬,‫وقؽ‬، , ّ‫ًثِبٴ‬
‫اقتجبش‬

‫ایک ببضببغہ بیبى جظ هیں کغی خبص هالصهت یب‬

‫خذهبت کی تخویٌہ الگت کب تعیي ہوتب ہے‬
QUOTATION BOARD R

ً‫یکًثڑاًثْرڈًیبًتختہًجصًپرًضبهبًْںًرخیرّںًاغیبئےًفرًّختٌیًّغیرًٍاىًچٌذًهقبهبت‬
ً‫پرًجہبںًتوطکبتًکیًخریذًّفرّختًہًْتیًہے‬

QUOTATION FURNITURE‫۔‬

‫دُبتًکبًغجبعتیًلْازهہ‬

QUOTATION MARK
 ‫ّاّیيً۔ًعالهتًِاِقتجبش۔‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

Whatever the exact quotation is, I stand by the sentiment.(THE DIALOUGE)

he thought of Latin and Greek far more as dead languages from which English gentlemen ought to know a
few quotations than as living tongues that had ever been spoken by living people.(PAGE NO 8 OF
MR.CHIPS)

There were several Latin quotations in it,(PAGE NO 34 OF MR.CHIPS)

Synonyms
Noun▲
A formal statement setting out the estimated cost for a particular job or service

 A quotation on the London market is a logical next step.

 In 2005 the company withdrew its shares from public quotation .
 ‘Removal costs vary widely and quotations depend on the volume of belongings to be moved.’
 ‘One should obtain quotations from all the insurers to be able to compare costs and benefits.’
 ‘The aim of this study is to assess the risks of the project, so that a formal quotation can be
made.’
 ‘Many insurers will not provide motor insurance quotations for certain careers.
 ‘Insurance companies can no longer refuse quotations because of a person's age alone.’
estimate,quote,price,rate,tender,charge,cost,estimation,figure,appraisal,assessment,bid,costing,offer,estimate
d,price,bid,price,valuation,fee,value,price,tag,amount,damage,worth,appraisement,ante,total,sum,outlay,levy,
evaluation
Noun▲
A group of words taken from a text or speech and repeated by someone other than the original
author or speaker

 a quotation for sth You can request a quotation for professional indemnity insurance online.
 get/give sb/ask for a quotation Get at least three quotations for the work.
 Written quotations are available on request.

 At the beginning of the book there's a quotation from Abraham Lincoln.

 Her speech was larded with literary quotations.
 The title is a quotation from Shakespeare.
 He gave me a book of funny quotations.

selection,line,allusion,clip,clipping,mention,reading,fragment,paragraph,part,piece,portion,section,snippet,sta
nza,verse,canto,cite,gobbet,phrase,sentence,text,saying,bit,segment,chapter,source,article,clause,episode,quo
te,citation,excerpt,passage,reference,cutting,extract,
antonyms
Noun▲
Opposite of A formal statement setting out the estimated cost for a particular job or service
repayment,retribution,refund,reimbursement,paying,back,recompense,remuneration,compensation,indemnifi
cation,restitution,settlement,payment,discount,rebate,return,kickback,allowance,damages
Opposite of a group of words taken from a text or speech and repeated by someone other than the
original author or speaker
refusal,whole,entirety,insert,insertion,denial,wait,idleness,naction,veto
SENTENCES
Two short quotations will illustrate my point.
‘It illustrated the use of words with appropriate quotations.’
Each of the 10 chapters begins with a series of short quotations.’
‘There are many shorter poems and quotations from history books scattered throughout.’

158.Ritual
‫ت ت‬
‫ربواوجںےس خ ب‬،‫رَمایمس‬،‫روسامیت‬،‫ریمس‬،‫رمسےسقلعتم‬
،‫تُم‬

‫سعوی تقشیب اًجبم دیٌے کے لئے ایک هقشسٍ حکن‬

‫ خبص عوس پش کغی خبص هزہب یب چشچ کی ایک‬،
‫خظوطیت‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

it was with an air of mystic abandonment to ritual(PAGE NO 24 OF MR.CHIPS)

Synonyms
Noun▲
A prescribed order for performing a ritual ceremony, especially one characteristic of a particular
religion or Church
pageantry,festival,services,formula,fashion,propriety,solemnities,commemoration,show,formulation,parade,c
eremony,rite,observance,custom,sacrament,service,tradition,convention,formality,practice,form,liturgy,proce
dure,protocol,act,routine,solemnity,celebration,habit,mystery,office,order,performance,usage,worship,comm
union,
Adjective▲
Of or like rituals

ceremonial,formal,ritualistic,celebratory,dignified,liturgical,sacramental,solemn,stately,traditional,ceremoniou
s,procedural,ceremonious,formal,dignified,solemn,stately,civil,courtly,courteous,deferential,imperial,imposing
,precise,exact,punctilious,regal,affected,correct,decorous,deliberative,
ANTONYMS
Noun▲
Opposite of a prescribed order for performing a ritual ceremony, especially one characteristic of a
particular religion or Church
difference,disagreement,discord,neglect,carelessness,heedlessness,neglect,thoughtlessness,unorthodoxy,diso
rganizationUS,disorganisationUK,deviation,departure,irregularity,divergence,ignorance,difference,abstention,r
efrain
Adjective▲
Opposite of Of or like rituals
informal,casual,relaxed,simple,unofficial,unceremonial,unimpressive,unceremonious,laid-
back,easygoing,undemanding,unconventional,nontraditional,nonconventional,nonorthodox,uncustomary,untr
aditional,unusual,unestablished,abnormal
SENTENCES
She objects to the ritual of organized religion.

 Boys undergo a circumcision ritual to usher them into adulthood.

 It takes several days to complete the ritual.
 They practise/practice certain rituals in connection with rites of passage.
 Women's roles in the rituals of many religions have been limited.
 Don't let celebration of this festival become an empty ritual.
 In an elaborate and impressive ritual, Aaron and his sons are instituted to the priesthood.
 Many folk dances have their origins in ancient pagan rituals.

159.Reinforce
‫ک ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫اباضہفرک ان‬،‫مطرک ان‬ ، ‫ ان‬‫ا‬ ‫پ‬‫خ‬ ‫ک‬‫م‬ ‫ خ‬،‫اطتقڑباھ ان‬،‫پا ان‬
‫ک‬ ‫ُقّت خ‬،‫دنہےکاپساکاھبریہصح‬،‫اچینپ‬
‫خ‬

‫اطتقڑباھ ان‬،‫وبضمطرک ان‬،‫کمکاچنہپ ان‬

‫ اوس‬، ‫ یب احغبط کی حوبیت کشًب‬، ‫ خیبل‬، ‫سائے‬

‫اعے هضبوط بٌبًب‬

Synonyms
1. to give support to an opinion, idea, or feeling, and make it stronger
  The final technical report into the accident reinforces the findings of initial
investigations.
 His behaviour merely reinforced my dislike of him.
 ‘Their findings reinforce the idea that communication failure is an important source
of medical error.’
 She said the educational system reinforces the idea that there is only one right
answer, stifling creativity.’
 ‘When managers refuse or fail to recognize the problem and further blame the victim,
it reinforces feelings of guilt.’
encourage,emphasise,push,strengthen,bolster,boost,cement,fortify,foster,galvanise,inspire,intensify,envigorat
e,promote,spur,stress,support,
2. to make part of a building, structure, piece of clothing etc stronger
  Building codes in California required that steel rods be used to reinforce cinder-block
construction.
 The containers have been reinforced with steel bands
fortify,strengthen,buttress,toughen,bolster,support,underpin,brace,harden,consolidate,pillar,prop,stiffen,und
erprop,carry
3. to make a group of people, especially an army, stronger by adding people, equipment etc
  The garrison is to be reinforced with/by another two battalions of soldiers.
 The foundations will have to be reinforced to prevent the house from sinking further
into the ground.
 The wooden beam is reinforced with a metal plate.
 The builders used metal rods to reinforce the walls of the building.
 He used hand gestures to reinforce what he was saying.
Augment,increase,boost,build,expand,extend,grow,supplement,upgrade,amplify,compound,enlarge,escalate,i
nflate,magnify,multiply,raise,strengthen,exacerbate,swell

Antonyms
Verb▲
Opposite of to give support to an opinion, idea, or feeling, and make it stronger
discourage,prevent,deter,curb,avert,check,control,inhibit,stop,hinder,suppress,divert,fend,off,decrease,weake
n,undermine,halt,obstruct,neglect,injure,block,hurt
Verb▲
Opposite of to make part of a building, structure, piece of clothing etc stronger
weaken,diminish,topple,collapse,shatter,undermine,destabilise,tumble,compromise,crumble,damage,impair,c
rumple,shake,contradict,threaten,enfeeble,attenuate
Verb▲
Opposite of to make a group of people, especially an army, stronger by adding people, equipment e
reduce,mitigate,attenuate,lessen,weaken,decrease,diminish,lighten,moderate,temper,abate,alleviate,curb,cur
tail,impair,limit,lower,downscale,drop,minimise,slash
SENTENCES
 The experience reinforced my sense of loss.
 The climate of political confusion has only reinforced the country's economic decline.

 All this simply reinforces my earlier point.

 Our prejudices are subtly reinforced in many different ways.
 This report strongly reinforces the view that the system must be changed.
 Violence and rejection by society are mutually reinforcing.
 The door was built of oak, heavily reinforced with iron.

160.Reprimanded
،‫وعاؾےکاسےنمایرساکریوطررپنعلنعطرک ان‬،‫یتخسےسڈاٹنڈٹپرک ان‬،‫ازلاؾدیہ‬،‫زیتایریمساکٹھپر‬،‫تخسڈاٹنڈٹپ‬،‫رسزشن‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

Once when Chaudhry Fateh Dad, the member of the District Board, reprimanded him for a
mistake.(PAGE NO 80 OF BOOK 1 GOD BE PRAISESD)

Synonyms
Verb▲
Past tense for address a reprimand to

censured,chid,chided,reproved,upbraided,chastised,berated,dressed,down,lambasted,carpeted,criticisedUK,cr
iticizedUS,blamed,rebuked,reproached,lectured,scolded,admonished,castigated,
Verb
Opposite of past tense for address a reprimand to
commended,complimented,praised,cited,endorsed,indorsed,applauded,congratulated,approved,exonerated,fl
attered,forgave,forgiven,lauded,rewarded
SENTENCES
 The officers were severely reprimanded for their unprofessional behaviour.
 The judge reprimanded him for using such language in court.
 ‘Don't be so childish,’ she reprimanded.
 She was severely reprimanded for accepting the money.
 ‘officials were reprimanded for poor work’
 They both received a written reprimand and were ordered to pay significant costs.’

161.Reluctantly
‫ک‬
‫ابدؽوخناہتس‬،‫ خرےک خرےکادنازںیم‬،‫ خُاافلہنوطررپ‬،‫ انراضدنمیےس‬،‫زماامحہنوطررپ‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

Two big Desert Patrol cars came roaring up to the bordj; and Death reluctantly departed.
(HITCH - HIKING ACROSS THE SAHARA)

Synonyms
Adverb▲
In a reluctant or hesitant manner

cautiously,hesitantly,unwillingly,warily,grudgingly,involuntarily,unenthusiastically,cagily,circumspectly,suspicio
usly,bashfully,coyly,shily,reservedly,retiringly,apprehensively,diffidently,sheepishly,suspiciously,timidly,timoro
usly,costively,fearfully,insecurely,unassertively,unconfidently,unsurely,
Antonyms
Adverb▲
Opposite of In a reluctant or hesitant manner
willingly,disposedly,eagerly,inclinedly,confidently,enthusiastically,keenly,happily,openly,preparedly,readily,acc
ommodatingly,anxiously,boldly,gamely,obligingly,pronely,receptively,responsively,wilfully,willfully
SENTENCES
Reluctantly, he started the engine and drove off.
His father disapproves of the pram, which his mother reluctantly returns.’
‘He finds himself reluctantly succumbing to his suppressed passion.’
We reluctantly agreed to go with her.

162.Refuge
‫انپہاگہ‬،‫افِحتظاخہن‬،‫آرسا‬،‫انپہ‬

‫انپہ‬،‫الفح‬،‫آس‬

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

his maternal uncles were Berbers from the district of North Africa. They offered him
refuge.(PAGE NO 38 OF BOOK 2)

Synonyms
Noun▲
A place or situation providing safety or shelter
sanctuary,haven,retreat,shelter,bolt-
hole,harbourUK,sanctum,hideaway,ark,asylum,foxhole,harborUS,harborage,hideout,resort,fastness,hide-
out,querencia,ambush,anchorage,bolthole,cover,covert,den,escape,exit,expedient,fortress,protection,security
,shelter,asylum,safety,sanctuary,harborUS,harbourUK,preservation,safe,keeping,haven,cover,escape
Antonyms
Noun▲
A place or situation providing safety or shelter
risk,peril,hazard,jeopardy,endangerment,insecurity,precariousness,imperilment,instability,perilousness,troubl
e,emergency,crisis,extremity,exigency,accident,difficulty,disaster,plight,predicament,scrape,calamity,catastrop
he
SENTENCES
A further 300 people have taken refuge in the US embassy.
The region was a place of refuge for outlaws and bandits.
They were forced to seek refuge from the fighting.
As the situation at home got worse she increasingly took refuge in her work.

163.Regret
‫ک‬
‫اہھتانلم‬،‫دناتم‬،‫سحمسرک ان‬
‫مغ خ‬،‫افدہوہ ان‬
‫ خ‬،‫اوسفسرک ان‬،‫اتھچپ ان‬،‫رجن‬،‫اوسفس‬،‫اتفس‬
‫امیشپؿوہ ان‬،‫دناتمرک ان‬،‫اہھتانلم‬،‫اوسفسرک ان‬.

Synonyms
Verb▲
To mourn or feel sorrow over

mourn grieve lament bemoan deplore bewail rue cry over remorse contrition repentance contriteness guilt
penitence compunction remorsefulness ruefulness shame attrition rue sorrow penitency regretfulness
affliction anguish bitterness
Antonyms
Noun▲
Opposite of To mourn or feel sorrow over
satisfaction contentment happiness fulfillment gladness gratification complacency content delight joy pleasure
reward achievement cheerfulness contentedness glee pride triumph bliss consummation delectation relish
cheer
SENTENCES
 The decision could be one he lives to regret.
 I soon came to regret my action.

 ‘I've had a wonderful life,’ she said, ‘I don't regret a thing.’

 She regretted the words the moment they were out of her mouth.
 He bitterly regretted ever having mentioned it.
 I never regretted dropping out of college.

164.Rarely
‫ت‬
،‫ خُعڈہوطررپ‬،‫ خباٰیلعوطررپ‬،‫اشذو اندر‬،‫یھبکاھبکر‬adverb

‫اخؽ‬،‫مک‬،

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

He rarely addressed her that way. But today was a special day.(PAGE NO 83 OF BOOK 1 GOD
BE PRAISED)

These assistance schemes in reality are rarely resorted to, because a family nearly always has
more than one source of income.(PAGE NO 32 OF BOOK 2 CHINA WAY TO PROGRESS)

. Rarely did he read more than a page of it before sleep came swiftly and peacefully,(PAGE NO
1 OF MR.CHIPS)
Sometimes she persuaded him completely. Brookfield, for example, ran a mission in East
London, to which boys and parents contributed generously with money but rarely with
personal contact.(PAGE NO 14 OF MR.CHIPS)

Synonyms
Adverb▲
Hardly ever
notably remarkably sporadically almost never extraordinarily hardly ever singularly uncommonly unusually
barely extra extremely not often scarcely ever uncommon unfrequently seldom infrequently hardly little
scarcely exceptionally finely
Antonyms
Adverb▲
Opposite of hardly ever
frequently often oft oftentimes ofttimes commonly regularly usually repeatedly customarily habitually much
broadly constantly consistently generally recurrently always continuously
SENTENCES

 She is rarely seen in public nowadays.

 The term is rarely used today.
 Irish coins minted before 1100 are rarely found.
 I only rarely get a chance to go to the theatre.
 We rarely agree on what to do.
 (formal) Rarely has a debate attracted so much media attention.
 You will rarely, if ever, have to wait longer than an hour.
 He rarely spoke.
 It is a slowly developing disease, rarely fatal.
 She very rarely made a mistake.
 Support is provided by specialist teachers or, more rarely, interpreters.
 That's something I very rarely do.

165.Reproachful
،‫تنعلالمتمےسرھبوپر‬،‫المتمآزیم‬،‫ڈاٹنڈٹپرکےنواال‬

‫رپرسزشن‬،a

Synonyms
Adjective▲
Expressing or containing reproach

disappointed censorious critical disapproving reproving abusive admonitory castigatory condemnatory fault-
finding accusatory contemptuous disparaging scolding upbraiding withering abusive insulting rude offensive
disparaging scurrilous vituperative scolding contemptuous defamatory derisive contumelious degrading
invective scathing slanderous affronting
Antonyms
Adjective▲
Opposite of expressing or containing reproach
approving admiring appreciative applauding commendatory respectful favourableUK acclamatory appreciating
acclaiming complimentary favorableUS congratulatory praising flattering rapturous commending esteeming
positive encomiastic laudatory

Sentences
No terrors, no selfish regrets, no reproachful memories, were there.
I do not think that there is any need to be reproachful, in view of the speed with which the rest of the
business has been dealt with.
The result could be, years hence, a lot of disappointed and reproachful people.
say that in no harsh or indeed reproachful way.
She was doing her best not to sound reproachful.
She shot me a reproachful glance.
• She was not reproachful, only curious.
• For too long, we have stared from the moon in reproachful silence at this spectacle.

166.ragged
‫ک‬
‫ق‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ج‬‫پھيت‬
‫ صواال‬،‫ انمکُم‬،‫رخابوہتسخ‬،‫ ر‬،‫اٹھپرُپا ان‬

‫ یب خبکہ‬، ‫ کٌبسے‬، ‫ایک فبعذ یب ًبہوواس عغح‬

‫ہوًب‬
‫ تھکي یب آسام کی ضشوست یب ًیٌذ‬.

Synonyms
Adjective▲
1. Worn, torn, or ragged, as if into rags

(of clothes) torn and not in good condition:

 The children were wearing dirty, ragged clothes.
(of a person) untidy, dirty, and wearing old, torn clothes:
 Two ragged children stood outside the station, begging for money.
tattered frayed torn shabby threadbare rent scruffy tatty worn seedy worn-out faded moth-eaten neglected
poor holey in tatters patched raggedy ripped rundown split
Adjective▲
2. Having an irregular or uneven surface, edge, or outline

(especially of an edge) not smooth or straight:

 The leaves of this plant have ragged edges.
 A ragged line of people were waiting at the bus stop.
(of a sound) not regular or controlled:
The patient's breathing was ragged and uneven.
His voice was even more ragged than before.
not straight or even:
His scalp had a ragged gash.
irregular jagged rough rugged broken uneven craggy notched scraggy serrated bumpy coarse crenulate
crenulated crude denticulate denticulated fragmented indented lumpy
Adjective▲
3. Exhausted or in need of rest or sleep

Phrase
run someone ragged
‘Didn't you run her ragged emotionally, make her a basket case?’

My wife Mary and I were about 20 years younger than Phyllis, but she ran us ragged on our
visits to California or hers to New York.’

There were certain areas where we had youths in gangs of 20 or 25 causing serious problems
for residents and running us ragged.’

Those kids must really be running you ragged; you look terrible.’

weary exhausted fatigued spent drained sleepy drowsy knackered wearied bushed done overtired flagging jet-
lagged pooped prostrate sapped tired out whacked dead debilitated

sentences
Her breathing was ragged, tears on her face.
Often the poor man is not so cold and hungry as he is dirty and ragged and gross.
  You've been run ragged for too long.
 Her breathing was ragged, her frame shaking.

Antonyms
Adjective▲
Opposite of worn, torn, or ragged, as if into rags
fashionable smart well-dressed complete fixed kempt neat new nice polite pristine dapper stylish chic elegant
Adjective▲
Opposite of having an irregular or uneven surface, edge, or outline
even smooth clean flat level plane soft unbroken flush regular uniform horizontal true leveledUS levelledUK
plain
Adjective▲
Opposite of exhausted or in need of rest or sleep
energetic fresh active lively refreshed energisedUK energizedUS invigorated rested unwearied awake
rejuvenated revitalisedUK revitalizedUS strengthened strong vitalized activated bouncy

167.revolving
،‫رکچاکےنٹواال‬،‫رحتکذپری‬،‫ خمےنواال‬،‫وھگےنمواال‬،‫رگدیش‬

Synonyms

Antonyms

He got stuck in a revolving door.

 (2) The wheel is revolving about its axis.

(3) The wheels stopped revolving suddenly.

(4) Most shredding machines are based on a revolving disc fitted with replaceable
blades.

(5) As he went through the revolving doors he felt his courage deserting him.

(6) The park director position has been a revolving door for seven appointees.

(7) The theatre has a revolving stage.

168.resonant
Synonyms

،‫ایفنمہآیگنہ‬،‫وگجنےسرھبوپر‬،‫یسکآوازںیمواسپآےنیکالصتیح‬،‫کمگدار‬،‫وگجندار‬

‫ یب جزببت کو بیذاس‬، ‫ یبدوں‬، ‫پبئیذاس ًقشوں‬

‫کشًے کی طالحیت‬
resonant with(of a place) filled or resounding with
 ‘He talks to the musician about growing up in a house resonant with music, about his early
struggles and about how music can make people weep.’
(of sound) deep, clear, and continuing to sound or reverberate.
 ‘Words cannot describe their soft and resonant sounds.’
 ‘I was beginning to warm to this man, I even liked his deep, resonant voice.’
 ‘The voice was deep and resonant and commanding.’
‘His voice was naturally deep and resonant, a good, powerful, commanding voice.’
  ‘The resonant emotions projected by the album render titles and lyrics unnecessary.
This is, of course, an extreme example, but it is also an extraordinarily resonant image.’

His voice sounded oddly resonant in the empty room.

2 Everything was resonant with new meaning.

3 Alpine valleys resonant with the sound of church bells.

4 The air was resonant with bells.

5 It is a country resonant with cinematic potential, from its architecture to its

landscape.

6 These resonant orbits are very unstable.

7 The voice was metallic and resonant.

THE TEXTUAL REFERENCE

The grip of his teeth on his gums had for long been loose. But his voice remained resonant.(PAGE NO 80 BOOK
1 GOD BE PRAISED)
 ‫‪169.Swarmed‬‬
‫مکت‬
‫دہشیک ھوںاکدؽایرکشلوجالہپہتھچوھچڑرکاینپہکلمےکاسھتاینرھگانبےنوکلکنزپاوہ‪،‬وجہؾرک ان‪،‬ابزووںاوراٹوگنںےکلبیسکہگج‬
‫رپڑچانھ‪،‬اسرطےقیےسدرتخایدویاررپڑچانھ‪،‬‬

‫ڑیھب‪، ،‬ا‪،‬وجہؾ‬

‫‪Synonyms‬‬

‫‪170.scenario‬‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
‫اخَک‪ ،‬نم باطاوررِکدارےک نکافئاک نياؿ‬
‫ انَم‪ ،‬ن‬
‫ن ن‬ ‫ن‬
‫م‬
 ‫کطیًگینًیبًضیوْلیػيًکےًلیےًپصًهٌظرًکیًظرّریًهعلْهبتً۔‬
‫ًضٌیوبًفلنًیبًڈراهےًکیًعجبرتً۔‬،ً‫ًبٹکًیبًفلنًکبًهٌظرًدارًخالصہ‬
Synonyms

Imagine a scenario where only 20% of people have a job.

2. The more likely scenario is that the president will resign and an election will be
held.

3. Discovering your child takes drugs is a nightmare scenario for most parents.

4. That scenario is entirely believable.

5. Let me suggest a possible scenario .

6. Under a likely scenario, world population will double by 2050.

171.Swathe
‫ک‬
،‫ع ّصااب‬،‫وفلمػرک ان‬،‫یٹپےسابدنانھایلينيناا‬

‫ یب صهیي کب ایک‬، ‫ آعوبى‬، ‫عبم عوس پش عوٌذس‬

‫وعیع حض‬

Synonyms

Noun▲

1. A wide stretch, usually of sea, sky, or land

a long strip or large area especially of land:

  Huge swathes of rainforest are being cleared for farming and mining

a large part of something that includes several different things:

These people represent a broad/wide swathe of public opinion.’

a long strip of cloth:

His head was wrapped in swathes of bandages

expanse field stretch breadth extent plain area range sweep reach spread tract expansion region sheet
span vastness belt blanket carpet distance length sea space sphere territory amplitude compass domain
extension

Verb▲

2. To cover, fasten, strap or bind with a bandage

to wrap around or cover with cloth:

 He came out of the hospital swathed in bandages.

 I love to swathe (= dress) myself in silk.

 The combine had cut a swathe around the edge of the field.
 Development has affected vast swathes of our countryside.

cut a swathe through something

Building the tunnel would involve cutting a great swathe through the forest.
bandage bind dress clothe entwine cover wrap swaddle envelop wrap shroud bandage bind drape cloak
enfold lap swaddle bedeck cover enwrap fold sheathe bosom bower circumfuse cocoon embosom
embower embrace enclose encompass enshroud enswathe furl inclose invest

Antonyms
Noun▲

Opposite of a wide stretch, usually of sea, sky, or land

enclosure extreme height limitation confined space

Verb▲

Opposite of to cover, fasten, strap or bind with a bandage

uncover unwrap release free let go reveal exclude open ignore loose abandon lay bare leave alone strip
unloose disregard forget let loose let out assault attack assail_

sentences
_• The combine had cut a swathe around the edge of the field.

• Development has affected vast swathes of our countryside.

• The mountains rose above a swathe of thick cloud.

• The front door was open and a swathe of sunlight lay across the floor.

172.Subsequently
‫ک‬
‫ب‬
‫ابالنرخ‬،‫آخاکر‬،‫آےگلچرک‬،‫دعبںیم‬

‫اشًکےًثعذً۔ًثعذًهیںً۔ًثعذازاںً۔‬
Synonyms

Adverb▲

Following, afterward in either time or place

afterward afterwards later then consequently ensuingly latterly next thereafter after eventually
thereupon behind duly infra thence thenceforth finally thenceforward thenceforwards finally eventually
ultimately belatedly tardily at last someday ensuingly followingly succeedingly successively
Antonyms
Adverb▲

Opposite of following, afterward in either time or place

previously afore ahead antecedently anteriorly before beforehand earlier former prior formerly already
once heretofore sooner hitherto aforetime anciently

sentences

 The mountains rose above a swathe of thick cloud.

 The front door was open and a swathe of sunlight lay across the floor.
 The original interview notes were subsequently lost.
 Subsequently, new guidelines were issued to all employees.
 He subsequently became chairman of the party.

173.Struck
‫امرا‬،‫وگلا ان‬،‫انگل‬
‫۔ ٹکزایب‬

‫رکونکںیکڑہاتؽےکابثعدنب‬

Synonyms

Verb▲

Past tense for to inflict (a blow)

knocked hit hitten smacked thumped beat beaten pounded punched slapped clouted cuffed socked
bashed clobbered cracked swatted thwacked wallopped walloped banged belted boxed rapped smote
smit smitten smited decked hammered pummelledUK pummeledUS slugged spanked swiped

Antonyms
Opposite of past tense for to inflict (a blow)

lost missed surrendered tapped not touched passed up aided pleased made happy

sentences

 The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.
 The tree was struck by lightning.
 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Warplanes struck several targets in the city.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪He was struck in the head by a bullet.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The stone struck her on the forehead.‬‬

‫‪174.string‬‬
‫ت‬
‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫س‬
‫ڈوری‪،‬ریس‪ ،‬خ ی‪،‬اتتن‪،‬پیٹ‪،‬ہتیف‪،‬رتکؿ‪،‬اتر‪،‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ڈور‪،‬ڈورا‪،‬ڈوری‪،‬اطقر‪،‬ریس‪،‬رہتش‪،‬یلتس‬
‫‪ .5‬تار چڑھانا تسوہ باند ھنا‬
‫‪ .6‬ایک ڈیٹا سٹرکچر جو کریکٹرز کے ایک تسلسل سے هل کر بنتا ہے جو‬
‫عووها پڑھی جا سکنے والی تحریر کی نوائندگی کرتا ہے‬
‫‪ .7‬گھڑ دوڑ کے گھوڑے جو کسی اصطبل هیں سدھائے جارہے ہوں‬
‫‪STRING ALONG‬‬

‫ّعذّںًپرًرکٌِبً۔ًچکرًدیٌب‬

‫‪STRING ALONG WITH‬‬

‫اعتجبرًپرًکطیًکےًضبتًِچلتےًجبًب‬

‫‪STRING BASS R‬‬

‫ایکًقطنًکیًضبرًگی‬

‫‪STRING OF THE TONGUE‬‬

‫زثبىًکبًثٌذًًٍّرگًیبًپٹِبًجصًضےًزثبىًکیًحرًکتًثٌذًہًْجبًتیًہے‬
‫‪Synonyms‬‬

‫▲‪Noun‬‬

‫‪Material consisting of threads of cotton, hemp, or other material twisted together to form a‬‬
‫‪thin length‬‬
a ball/piece of string

 When you pull the strings, the puppet's arms and legs move.

cord rope strand twine wire cable line thread yarn fiberUS fibreUK hawser lace lacing ligature fillis thong
filament twist long fiber tie strap belt tape braid band strip lead fibril ribbon flex hair bristle halyard
lanyard

Noun▲

A sequence of similar items or events

countable] string of something

  The band had a string of hits in the nineties.
 He owns a string of racing stables.
 There's been a whole string of accidents at that corner.
 This is the latest in a string of scandals associated with the president.
 a tennis player with a long string of successes on grass courts
 After winning a string of elections, the party suddenly went into decline.
 He had a whole string of broken relationships in his past.
 The treatment is available in a string of clinics across the country.
 The company owns a string of casinos in Nevada.

chain sequence concatenation run series succession catena catenation consecution nexus progression
streak train pattern cycle course order set line row stream round continuity procession flow spate suite
arrangement range array

Verb▲

To hang (something) so that it stretches in a long line

string something + adv./prep. We strung paper lanterns up in the trees.

string A on, along, in, etc. B Flags were strung out along the route.

string B with A The route was strung with flags.

Phrasal Verbs
 string along
 string out
 string together
 string up

sling stretch fasten link run secure tie join connect fix couple lace knot unite button close buckle anchor
catch

Antonyms

Noun▲

Opposite of material consisting of threads of cotton, hemp, or other material twisted together
to form a thin length

individual disorganisationUK disorganizationUS peace interruption one disorder

Noun▲
Opposite of a line or sequence of people or things

disorganisationUK disorganizationUS disorder agreement entertainment speech fun

Verb▲

Opposite of to connect or bring into contact

disconnect dissever separate sever detach split unlink sunder unchain unhitch disassociate disengage
disjoint divorce dissociate disunite unlock decouple disentangle

sentences

 He wrapped the package in brown paper and tied it with string.

 The key is hanging on a string by the door.
 He pulled the string tight.
 I cut a length of string to tie up the package.
 There's a knot in the string.
 Tie the string around the parcel.
 .’

175.Sternly
‫ضختیًضےً۔ًکرختگیًضے‬
‫درػتی طے‬
Synonyms

Adverb▲

In a stern manner

brutally hard hardly harshly ill oppressively roughly severely stiffly cruelly mercilessly savagely pitilessly
heartlessly inhumanly callously strictly tyrannically viciously brutishly unmercifully relentlessly
restrictively grimly gratingly firmly powerfully unkindly violently unsympathetically spitefully

Antonyms
Adverb▲

Opposite of in a stern manner

clemently gently leniently lightly mildly softly tenderly delicately quietly gingerly smoothly faintly
indifferently moderately weakly kindly

sentences

 They were sternly tested by the opposing team.

 he sternly warned me to not do anything stupid’
 The butler sternly points her to the back door.’
  ‘They stopped a young man on the road and sternly repeated their warning.’

176.Solemnly
‫ک‬ ‫ک ت‬
،‫ًافلح‬،‫ نسڈیگےس‬،‫اتَمبےس‬
‫ن‬

Synonyms

Adverb▲

In a solemn manner

earnestly soberly gravely hallowedly hallowly impressively seriously sincerely genuinely fervently
thoughtfully wholeheartedly heartfeltly honestly ardently warmly passionately eagerly enthusiastically
pensively unfeignedly profoundly firmly truely resolutely deeply ruminatively meditatively intently
deeply profoundly seriously severely thoroughly acutely
Antonyms
Adverb▲

Opposite In a solemn manner

cheerfully drunkenly excitedly hilariously light-heartedly merrily happily comically genially chirpily
jovially good-humouredlyUK positively jocundly joyfully gleefully radiantly breezily livelily

sentences

• She solemnly promised not to say a word to anyone about it.

• The choir walked solemnly past.

• ‘A solemn commitment will be made in front of everyone and rings can be exchanged.’

• ‘His brown eyes were serious and solemn as he watched her.’

• The painter's face assumed a serious, almost solemn expression.’

177.Succulent
‫ت‬
،‫اشخای ّپ‬،‫انت‬،‫دگدگاوپدا‬،‫وماٹوگدےدار‬،‫دنسپدیہ‬،‫وخشذاہقئ‬،‫رالیس‬

‫شیرہ دار ۔ رسیال ۔ پودا یا پودے کا کوئی حصہ جو گودے دار اور نرم ہو جائے‬
Synonymous

Adjective▲

1. Plump and full of juice(s)

(of food) pleasantly juicy:

 The sirloin is a quality piece of meat, tender and succulent.

juicy fleshy moist pulpy ripe fresh soft tender mellow sappy luscious lush spongy watery viscid dewy
sodden thirst-quenching oily dank dripping soaked wet humid oozy saturated slushy syrupy slippery
sauced liquid pulpy mushy soft squashy spongy squishy pappy fleshy delicious appetisingUK
appetizingUS scrumptious tasty delectable

Noun▲

2. Prickly plant
  Succulents often have thick waxy cuticles to minimize water loss

cactus cactoid opuntia peyote prickly pear

Antonyms
Adjective▲

Opposite of delicious and pleasing to taste

unappetizing distasteful dry flat flavorlessUS insipid juiceless sapless stale tasteless unpalatable
unsavoryUS yucky yukky shriveledUS shrivelledUK unjuicy unsavouryUK off-putting unpleasant
disgusting lousy detestable awful uninviting wrinkled crummy

sentences
 All were eyeless for the crows and ravens pluck the succulent pieces first.
• This part of the country is famous for its fine wines and succulent peaches.
 These are wonderfully succulent peaches.
 They thought she had got fat, a good advert, on the succulent nosh.

178.Shuffled
‫ ابدا اخدا رحتک رک ان‬، ‫اپؤںوکوُپری نطحاخاھٹۓ ریغب رصق رک ان‬،‫زنیمرپاپؤںٹیسھگرکانلچ‬،‫اچؽ‬،‫ابتانب ان‬،‫نخساسزی‬

‫ایک بات پر قائن نہ رہنا ۔‬

SHUFFLE OFF

ُ ‫ایک طرف ہٹا دینا ۔‬

‫چھٹکارا ۔ جانا‬
SHUFFLE THE CARDS

‫گھسیٹتے ہوئے پھرتی سے چلنا ۔ هنصوبہ ۔ حکوت عولی‬

‫وغیرہ بدلنا‬
SHUFFLEBOARDS
‫جسے طشتریوں سے کھیال جاتا ہے ۔‬
ِ ‫ایک کھیل‬
Synonyms
Verb▲

1. To move clumsily or ploddingly

[ I + adv/prep, T ]

 I love shuffling through the fallen leaves.

 He shuffld into the kitchen, leaning on his walking stick.
 Don't shuffle your feet like that! Walk normally
[ I usually + adv/prep, T ].
  The woman in front of me kept shuffling around in her seat all the way
through the performance.
 When I asked him where he'd been, he just looked at the ground and
shuffled his feet.’
(MOVE AROUND)

 She shuffled her papers nervously on her desk.

 Many prisoners have to be shuffled around police stations because
of prison overcrowding.
shamble lumber stumble dodder stagger barge clump flog flounder galumph hobble limp lump plod
pound scuff scuffle slog slough stamp stomp stump teeter totter

Verb▲

2. To cause disarray or disorganization in the order of’

jumble mix rearrange disarrange disorder intermix mix up reorganiseUK reorganizeUS confuse derange
disarray discompose dishevel disjoint dislocate disorganize disrupt disturb hash mingle muddle muss
rumple scramble tousle tumble upset

Antonyms
Verb▲

Opposite of to move clumsily or ploddingly

breeze coast glide slide waltz whisk run rush sail cruise drift taxi freewheel slip skim swan float skate
walk saunter stroll tiptoe trip skip relieve
Verb▲

Opposite of to cause disarray or disorganization in the order of

arrange array dispose marshalUK marshallUS order organiseUK organizeUS range regulate tidy calm
compose draw up neaten remain soothe straighten up systematiseUK systematizeUS

 He shuffled across the room to the window.

 The line shuffled forward a little.
 Jenny shuffled her feet and blushed with shame.
 The boys shuffled around uncomfortably.

179.Sailed
‫ت‬
،‫ھپ خہا نکےاک خٹا‬
‫وَہایک نَس ا‬،‫ابدگ‬،‫اپؽ‬،‫ابدابؿ‬،‫امےنگنواال‬،‫اسلئ‬

‫رہبیرفسرک ان‬

SAIL INTO

‫جلذی طے کبم هیں لَگ جبنب‬

َ
SAIL-UL-KHAIR

‫ خیز هبنگنےواال۔ ثھالئی هبنگنے واال ۔‬: ‫طبئل الخیز‬

Synonyms

Verb▲

Move smoothly and rapidly or in a stately or confident manner

glide drift float sweep flow skim slide slip breeze coast bowl brush cruise flit fly hang hover poise
ride roll shoot soar stream swim waft whisk wing scud steer captain pilot helm navigate skipper
con direct

Noun▲

A piece of material extended on a mast to catch the wind and propel a boat or ship or
other vessel
canvas sheet

Antonyms

Verb▲

Opposite of move smoothly and rapidly or in a stately or confident manner

flounder settle sink struggle go land remain stay stop walk slow rest delay halt wait dawdle
procrastinate decelerate hold keep crawl creep dissuade retard correct

 The dinghy sailed smoothly across the lake.

 The ferry sails from Newhaven to Dieppe.

 The ferry sails from Newhaven to Dieppe.

 The boat sailed serenely on towards the horizon.

 We sailed on a large ocean liner.

180.Stunt
‫ارُاتدنمیاک خُمارہہ‬،‫ا ٹنٹداھک ان‬،‫ومنوکروانکرکبتابزی‬،‫رھٹھٹا ان‬،‫آزادیعبطایابدیلیگںیم خراکوٹڈاانل‬
‫رک ان‬
STUNT HEAD

‫خنذق کب تختہ ثنذ طزا جو پب نی کب ثڑا نل یب گنذہ آة ریش‬

‫ثچھب نے کے لئی کھو دی گئی ہو‬
STUNT HEAT

‫رثکتاطمہعلیکوہجےس انصقومن‬
STUNT MAN
 ‫وہصخشوجرطخ انکرکبتںیمارٹکیاکدواپرثادارکاتےہ‬
Synonyms

Noun▲

An action displaying spectacular skill and daring

 It's a typical action movie with plenty of spectacular stunts.

 Tom Cruise has performed his own stunts for Mission
Impossible defying warnings from professionals.

exploit feat trick deed antic caper act number acrobatic action coup manoeuvreUK maneuverUS

performance gimmick trick dodge scheme ploy stratagem device

Verb▲

To stunt or suppress the normal growth of

  stunt somebody/something The constant winds had stunted the growth of plants and
bushes.
 His illness had not stunted his creativity.

dwarf suppress dominate overshadow overlook tower above retard lower check overtop dim

micrify minify hinder curb restrict hamper impede hinder inhibit arrest check choke block clog

obstruct occlude congest dam jam

Antonyms

Noun▲

Opposite of an action displaying spectacular skill and daring

failure inaction inactivity idleness rest repose loss inertia stoppage cessation passivity forfeit

defeat surrender lie nonachievement passiveness neglect waste unemployment

Verb▲

Opposite of To stunt or suppress the normal growth of

encourage promote assist help maximiseUK maximizeUS oversize praise

 He did all his own stunts.

 He also knew the value of goofy legal stunts.

 The hunger strike is thought to be just another political stunt.

 The stunt was enacted in the grounds of Longleat House, home of the Marquis of Bath.

181.Saunter
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬
،‫آراؾآراؾےس نچلناا بَ ان‬،‫پ نہلناا‬

‫ آوارہ گردی ۔‬، ‫ہرزہ گردی‬

Synonyms
Verb▲

Walk in a slow, relaxed manner

amble stroll ramble meander wander drift maunder mosey perambulate potter promenade stravaig
walk hike roam streel tramp tromp bimble pootle rove tootle ankle dally lag delay linger dawdle loiter
dally trail idle straggle

Antonyms
Verb▲

Opposite of walk in a slow, relaxed manner

go hurry run rush stay go direct do straighten career rocket scurry rip zip whisk bolt dash whizz hasten
scoot speed whirl tear course barrel race scud fly

 He sauntered by, looking as if he had all the time in the world.

 I sauntered over and said hello.
 He sauntered in fifteen minutes late.
 She smiled and sauntered casually away.

182.Splendor
‫الجؽ‬،‫وشتک‬،‫دراشخین‬،‫اتانبیک‬

‫شاندار ۔ ٹھاٹھ باٹھ کا ۔ چوکدار ۔ هنور ۔‬

Synonyms

Noun▲
Beauty or impressiveness

gorgeousness majesty resplendence spectacle sumptuousness impressiveness luxuriousness nobility

pomp ceremony display fineness gloriousness lavishness ornateness show splendidness stateliness
beauty éclat elegance pageantry panoply grandeur magnificence glory luxury opulence richness

Antonyms
Noun▲

Opposite of beauty or impressiveness

ordinariness meanness modesty plainness poverty simplicity squalor tawdriness gaudiness showiness
flashiness crudeness cheapness flamboyance tastelessness restraint dullness simplicity insignificance
unimportance modesty ugliness plainness lowliness ordinariness hiding concealment inferiority

 The room has a view of Rheims Cathedral, in all its splendour.

 The palace has been restored to its former splendour.
 It will take a lot of repair work before the building regains its former splendour.

183.sagged off
 ‫ک‬ ‫ج ک ک‬
،‫خہوہ ان‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ب‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ ن ن‬،‫ خھکناا‬،‫وہاےسوفحمظرخیکرطػاکھجﺅایانکھج‬
‫ڈوانبيا ندرماؿےس ن ڈ‬،‫خڈہوہ ان‬

‫انکٹل‬،‫اکھجوہ ان‬.

Synonyms

Verb▲

1. To be limp or droop downwards

to drop down to a lower level in the middle:

The shelf sagged under the weight of the heavy book

to bend or sink lower:

It was a ramshackle building and its roof sagged.

Her shoulders sagged wearily.

fall sink slump decline droop drop flag bag loll swag wilt decrease diminish dip hang reduce seat settle
slide slip tire weaken bulge crash drop off fall off flop fade flag languish weaken fail wilt wither decay
droop sink crumple flop loll slump subside collapse slouch

Verb▲

2. Decline to a lower level, usually temporarily

to become weaker:

The dollar held up well this morning but the pound sagged.

Sag also means to become weaker or less firm:

Muscles sag when you reach your 50s.

The economy is sagging.

to become lower or less strong:

While returns have sagged, the cost of investing in a fund has risen by an average of 6%.

Interest rates remained low because of fears that the housing market will continue to sag.
fade flag languish weaken fail wilt wither decay droop emaciate falter go lag sink fall shrivel waste away
slump subside tire decline diminish collapse wane dwindle ebb drop lessen hang give way loll faint cave
in crumple

antonyms
Verb▲

Opposite of to be limp or droop downwards

accomplish achieve ascend bulge grow increase reach rise straighten strengthen succeed tighten win
draw up go up expand improve enlarge develop extend raise bloom build

Verb▲

Opposite of to go into decline

improve assuage convalesce heal rebound rehabilitate remedy progress recuperate revive mend recover

 ‘she let her head sag lower and lower’

 ‘The albums lined his walls on wooden shelves that sagged under their weight.’
 ‘Once he was gone the women sagged against the wall she was bound to.’
 She moved to help me off my knees and back to the bed where I sagged down.’

184.Speckled
‫ب‬
‫سِکزیچںیموھچاٹاسداغایدہبھ‬

SPECKLEDNESS

‫ثْقلوًْیً۔ًرًگًثرًگًکبًہًْب‬
speckle interferometer

‫ فلکیات میں استعمال ہونے والی ایک اصطالح ۔‬: ‫سپیکل انٹر فیرومیٹر‬
Synonyms

Adjective

Marked with dots or spots, spotted

dappled dotted flecked freckled mottled spotted spotty stippled brindled specked sprinkled dapple
freckly speckly splotchy variegated blotchy flaked mosaic motley particolored patchy peppered punctate
spattered speckledy studded marbled pied piebald streaked multicoloredUS varicolored

Antonyms

Adjective▲

Opposite of marked with dots or spots, spotted

plain unspotted unspeckled unflecked unbroken dependable unblemished unspotted uncolored

unflecked

 ‘I saw market stalls full of produce, dusty papaya skins speckled by rain.’
 ‘Night spreads out like a vast dark veil speckled with silver.’
 Leaves formed in late summer show a fine, yellowish, speckled mottling.’
 The speckled trout hit a bait like a freight train.’

185.Stable

‫هطتحکنً۔ًهعجْغً۔ًهتْازىً۔‬
‫ثبثتًقذمً۔‬

STABLE BALANCE
‫قائن ترازو ۔‬
STABLE BOY

‫اصطبل کے کاهوں هیں ہاتھ بٹانے واال ۔ سائیس کا هددگار لڑکا ۔‬

Synonyms

Adjective▲

Firmly fixed to a surface so as to be immobilized

 The patient's condition is stable (= it is not getting worse).

 Cattle prices remain stable.
 The situation in the country has remained relatively stable for a few months now.
 This ladder doesn't seem very stable.
 This would result in a more stable environment for the children.
 a stable relationship
 Efforts to establish a stable democracy in the country may well succeed.
 Put a book under the table leg to keep it stable.
firm fixed moored sturdy anchored fast immovable secure set fastened immobilisedUK immobilizedUS
nailed down rooted strong sturdy solid sound durable resolute robust stalwart stout tough firm
imperishable indestructible inured perdurable resilient safe dependable hardened impervious
inexpugnable reliable secure staunch substantial bombproof hardy resistant

Adjective▲

Having a calm personality

 Mentally, she is not very stable.

 He was not emotionally stable enough to think through his decision.
 Psychiatric officials determined that he was psychologically stable.

balanced sane coherent lucid normal reasonable sensible sound collected rational steady clearheaded
composed together assured grounded levelheaded poised possessed sober unfazed controlled mature
right unagitated unbothered

Noun▲

A building used for lodging, feeding and training animals with hoofs, especially horses
a building in which horses or cattle are kept:

The horses in the stable have plenty of straw.

a stable economy/country/government

financially/economically/politically stable

The company must now focus on operating a more efficient and

stable supply chain.

jobs/employment A proposed merger has resulted in key staff quitting in order t

o find more stable jobs.

stall shed stabling barn byre cowshed outbuilding outhouse cow barn milking parlor corral pen stockyard
grange grainstore shelter mews pound coop store sty garner linhay storehouse Dutch barn animal
shelter farm building

Antonyms
Adjective▲
Opposite of firmly fixed to a surface so as to be immobilized

rickety unstable decrepit shaky unsound derelict unsteady tottering broken-down dilapidated
ramshackle flimsy precarious decaying crumbling disintegrating feeble infirm weak imperfect ruinous
broken insecure frail wobbly jerry-built

Adjective▲

Opposite of having a calm personality

unbalanced brainsick crazed crazy demented deranged insane lunatic mad maniac maniacal mental
unhinged disturbed daft psychotic sectionable wacky delirious frenzied manic psychopathic loopy
eccentric irrational distraught

 The patient's condition is stable

 The situation in the country has remained relatively stable for a few months now.
 This ladder doesn't seem very stable.
 This would result in a more stable environment for the children.

186.Tentative
،‫رجتابیت‬،‫رجتیب‬،‫ویتق‬،‫اگنہیم‬،‫آزامیشیایریغینیقی‬،‫اعریض‬

Synonyms

Adverb▲

Adverb for determined by something else

They have tentatively agreed to our proposal.

We have tentative plans to take a trip to Seattle in July.

indefinitely provisionally unsettledly experimentally preliminarily speculatively conjecturally

exploratorily conditionally dependently provisorily unprovenly unsubstantiatedly contingently roughly
temporarily undecidedly developmentally empirically probingly investigatively exploratively
investigationally initially preparatorily

Adverb▲

Adverb for hesitant, uncertain, or cautious

not certain or confident:

We have tentative plans to go to Hawaii in February.

We have tentatively agreed to buy that house.

not certain or agreed:

The car company and the union reached a tentative agreement.

a tentative deal/plan/settlement

The proposals are tentative and subject to bargaining.

They have tentatively agreed to the proposal.

hesitantly cautiously uncertainly doubtfully timidly unsurely diffidently haltingly backwardly iffily shakily
unconfidently unsteadily waveringly undecidedly irresolutely reluctantly shily vacillatingly wobblily
unresolvedly indecisively ambivalently unsettledly dividedly indefinitely skepticallyUS scepticallyUK
antonyms
Adverb▲

Opposite of adverb for determined by something else

certainly definitely surely categorically unconditionally independently decisively confirmedly finally

fixedly conclusively unquestionably ardently unflinchingly sheerly supremely staunchly habitually
unyieldingly unshakenly wholeheartedly positively unmitigatedly indelibly deeply impenitently
obstinately

Adverb for hesitant, uncertain, or cautious

anxiously apprehensively insecurely nervously uncertainly unsurely timidly shily diffidently timorously
hesitantly unassertively retiringly bashfully self-effacingly mousily meekly fearfully reservedly reticently
introvertedly self-consciously

 They have tentatively agreed to our proposal.

 She smiled tentatively
 t was a kind of empire built on very provisional and tentative things that might
happen.’
 ‘If these approvals are established, the tentative starting date would be September
2005.’

187.Tackle
،‫لیکاکاٹن‬،‫ خُپ‬،‫فلتخممسقےکاکومںایولیھکںےکےیلرضوریاسزواسامؿ‬،‫اوزار‬،‫آہل‬،‫ولازؾاکر‬،‫اابسب‬

Synonyms

Verb▲

To energetically devote, or begin devoting, effort to something

  The government is determined to tackle inflation.
 I think I'll tackle the repairs next weekend.
 Firefighters tackled a blaze in a garage last night.
 The drugs problem has to be tackled head-on.
 The problem is being tackled with a range of measures.
 We are failing to tackle the key issues.

address confront approach field negotiate undertake attack attempt begin essay handle manage pursue
try accept engage combat battle clash confront contend counter defy oppose repel resist withstand
attack encounter combat fight oppose counter defy eliminate resist withstand end confront obstruct
block frustrate halt hinder impede

Noun▲

The equipment required for a task or sport

  He was booked for a late tackle on Torres.
 He brought the burglar down with a flying tackle.
 He bruised his arm making a tackle against the Browns.
 I managed to get in a sliding tackle, but he scored anyway.
 Only a last-ditch tackle by Song prevented Raul from scoring.
 She lost the ball in a tackle.
 Their captain was sent off for a high tackle on Cooper.

apparatus equipment gear kit outfit paraphernalia accoutrementsUK implements rig tools hardware
trappings stuff accoutermentsUS appurtenances contrivances instruments materials materiel utensils
clobber equipage rigging things accouterment appliance goods habiliments hook impedimenta

Antonyms
Verb▲

Opposite of to energetically devote, or begin devoting, effort to something

abstain avoid complete conclude dodge end finish forget idle neglect be lazy cease stop release leave
reject continue fail free give help hold liberate lose misunderstand offer protect receive release
unfasten

Noun▲

Opposite of items or equipment needed for the performance of a task or activity

abstract concept inanimate whole

 The government is determined to tackle inflation.

 I think I'll tackle the repairs next weekend.
 Firefighters tackled a blaze in a garage last night.
 The drugs problem has to be tackled head-on

188.Tumultuous
‫ک‬
‫ک‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ش‬ ‫تنظ‬ ‫ک‬
‫وشرو خسعنتےس ن‬،‫دَب می‬،‫نہاےم‬
،‫رُپوجش‬،‫ نہ ناَم نبڈا نکےنواال‬،‫َوُپر‬

Synonyms

Adjective▲

Marked by turmoil or disturbance especially of natural elements

wild disorderly excited unrestrained restless riotous rowdy unruly boisterous turbulent agitated fierce
noisy passionate raging rumbustious violent full-on lawless rough rugged stormy tempestuous
uncontrolled vociferous clamorous frenzied

Adjective▲

Making an uproar or loud, confused noise

very loud, or full of confusion, change, or uncertainty:

The former president appeared to tumultuous applause and a standing ovation.

After the tumultuous events of 1990, Europe was completely transformed.

deafening ear-piercing ear-shattering ear-splitting loud thundering thunderous clamorous noisy

uproarious vociferous resounding blaring booming clangorous piercing reverberating earsplitting roaring
blasting sonorous stentorian strident

Antonyms
Adjective▲

Opposite of marked by turmoil or disturbance especially of natural elements

orderly calm gentle mild moderate quiet peaceful peaceable nonviolent relaxed settled soft nice
controlled balanced stable obedient easy smooth disciplined restrained placid happy subdued kind
consistent laid-back safe glassy

Adjective▲

Opposite of making an uproar or loud, confused noise

soft quiet silent low gentle hushed noiseless soundless orderly restrained stilly stilled calm peaceful
inaudible solemn subdued tranquil moderate controlled self-controlled still mellow shy meek
introverted placid low-key tame

sentences

 It was a tumultuous time in her life.

 There was a sudden burst of tumultuous noise from the concert area.’
 We came out of the tunnel and were greeted by tumultuous applause.’
 The air is filled with the tumultuous roar of a crowd expectant of a rugby match of high
drama.’

189.Tomfoolery
،‫اسمسقیکوکیئابت‬،‫وضفؽابںیت‬،‫ااقمحہنرحاکت‬

Synonyms

Noun▲

Foolish or silly behavior

clowning shenanigans buffoonery foolishness horseplay silliness foolery skylarking antics pranks
stupidity capering capers fooling larks mischief nonsense tricks clownery hijinks idiocy monkeying
monkeyshines roughhouse roughhousing zaniness asininity silliness absurdity eccentricity foolishness

ANTONYMS
Noun▲

Opposite of foolish or silly behaviour

demureness heaviness sedateness seriousness sobriety solemnity sternness sense sensibleness humility
humbleness concern significance urgency consequence acuteness severity weightiness exigency
momentousness graveness hazardousness

190.tangle
،‫اسرطحہکاساکدوابرہوھکانلہ لکوہاجےئ‬،‫ ان‬،‫ی انایاٹ‬،‫ای انھایااناھ ان‬،‫دومسقےکڑبے یریرت ںوںںیمےسوکیئاکی‬

Verb▲

To become entangled or intertwined

  This string's in a tangle.
 a dense tangle of undergrowth
 (figurative) I had to pick my way through the tangle of bodies.
 (

entangle knot snarl coil mat twist intertwist enmesh intertwine interweave mesh ravel entwine interlace
jumble immesh interlock kink muddle scramble embroil hook jam tousle wind weave lace wreathe knit
inweave braid

Verb▲

To become involved in a conflict or fight with

  Last time I tangled with him, he won!
 a messy mass of things:
 She pulled the tangle of wires out of the box.
 Her hair was in a tangle.


fight row argue contend dispute face quarrel wrangle confront mess oppose squabble mess with wrestle
struggle scuffle altercate tussle feud disturb discompose perturb worry afflict bother confound confuse
derange discomfit disconcert distract distress fluster

Antonyms
Verb▲

Opposite of to become entangled or intertwined

untangle disentangle unravel unsnarl untwine untwist extricate free aid assist calm clarify clear compose
enlighten exclude explain help liberate lose order promote release straighten support uncomplicate
undo straighten out clear up

Verb▲

Opposite of to To become involved in a conflict or fight with

placate allay appease mollify pacify reconcile alleviate conciliate defuse mitigate settle ameliorate
assuage calm contain control ease propitiate quell relieve stabiliseUK stabilizeUS steady cool
tranquillizeUK tranquilizeUS compose

We employed a lawyer to straighten our legal tangle.

2 He got into a tangle with his budget figures.

3 The wool got in a fearful tangle.

4 This string's in a tangle.

5 His financial affairs are in a tangle.

6 The string was in a tangle.

191.troughs
‫ن ک‬
‫وُکڈنا‬،‫ خھکیل‬،‫لنگن‬،‫ اندن‬،‫رٹنػ‬،‫وض‬

،‫وکڈنا‬،‫ڈواگن‬

‫ یب هقذاس هیں اچبًک‬، ‫ قیوت‬، ‫کغی چیض کی قیوت‬

‫شذیذ یب عویل صوال کے لئے جوع‬

Synonyms

Noun▲

Plural for a long, narrow open container for animals to eat or drink out of

‘‘The grass has become so dry that farmers are having to put out water troughs for cattle,’ the
council spokesman said.’
‘These animals come to the trough, as it is a major water source during dry seasons.’

Fence off all rivers and streams and provide piped mains water to drinking troughs.’

mangers cribs drainpipes gutters rainspouts spouts waterspouts feeders eaves troughs holders racks
containers stalls hayracks cradles boxes bins trundle beds receptacles bunks bunkers trestles ledges
frames counters frameworks

Noun▲

Plural for a sudden severe or prolonged fall in the price, value, or amount of something

 The economy is unlikely to reach its trough until the turn of the year.
 The stock market fell by 48% from peak to trough.

lows bottom slumps depression nadirs low points low-water marks rock bottom depth feet sloughs of
despond zeroes bases floors bedrock rock-bottom basements bathos slides downturns plunges
lowerings crashes nosedives sags falls decline downers downswings blight slump drop
The boat rolled heavily in the troughs between the waves.

2. The molten metal channels into the troughs.

3. The graph showed peaks and troughs of activity.

4. There have been peaks and troughs in the long-term trend of unemployment.

192.tangled
،‫اسرطحہکاساکدوابرہوھکانلہ لکوہاجےئ‬،‫ ان‬،‫ی انایاٹ‬،‫ای انھایااناھ ان‬،‫دو مسقےکڑبے یریرت ںوںںیمےسوکیئاکی‬

TANGLE FISH

‫سوا هچھلی ۔ ایک خاص قسن کی هچھلی جس کا گلپھڑا لوبا اور دانت سوئی کی‬
ُ
‫طرح باریک ہوتے ہی‬
Adjective▲

Tangled or twisted together

enmeshed caught entangled involved embroiled implicated netted snarled trapped ensnared
incriminated snared trammelled connected engaged inculpated affected concerned

Verb▲

To have made something more complex

confused complicated confounded convoluted obfuscated muddled befuddled clouded

discombobulated distorted garbled muddied obscured blurred jumbled perplexed twisted

antonyms
Verb▲

Opposite of Tangled or twisted together

untangled disentangled unraveledUS unravelledUK unsnarled untwined untwisted extricated freed
aided assisted calmed clarified cleared composed enlightened excluded explained helped liberated lost
ordered promoted released straightened

Adjective▲

Opposite of To have made something more complex

simple noncomplex noncomplicated plain straightforward uncomplicated easy methodical straight

systematic direct accessible effortless elementary facile unsophisticated painless

We employed a lawyer to straighten our legal tangle.

2 He got into a tangle with his budget figures.

3 The wool got in a fearful tangle.

4 This string's in a tangle.

5 His financial affairs are in a tangle.

6 The string was in a tangle.

193.urge

،‫اطتقےسانلیھٹ‬،‫آےگیکرطػزوردانی‬،‫دانلیکھ‬

‫زور دینا ۔ پیش کرنا ۔ استدالل کرنا‬

URGE ON

‫زور دینا ۔ کوشش کرنا ۔‬

Synonyms
Noun▲

A strong desire or impulse

 I felt a sudden urge to smash the teapot against the wall.

 I suppressed a strong urge to yawn.
 Leaving him off the guest list satisfied her urge for revenge.
 She resisted the urge to kiss him.
 an instinctive urge to tap your feet to the beat of the music
 the human urge to control the environment
 the primal urge to reproduce
 She felt a violent urge to laugh, but suppressed it, with difficulty.

desire longing appetite craving yearning hunger impulse wish yen fancy hankering itch compulsion drive
lust thirst inclination need appetency pining appetition impetus passion thirstiness druthers jones letch
weakness fire in belly eagerness ache aspiration liking greed love ambition want

Verb▲

To ask someone to do something in an urgent manner

  urge somebody to do something If you ever get the chance to visit this place, I strongly
urge you to do so.
 Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately.
 She urged him to stay.
 I urge people to vote yes on May 5.
 The charity urged the government to reconsider its decision.
 The authorities urged residents to stay indoors.
 The NFU is urging its members to support the proposed scheme.
 The police are urging anyone with new information to come forward.
 urge that… The report urged that all children be taught to swim.
 urge (somebody) + speech ‘Why not give it a try?’ she urged (him).

press prompt goad exhort beg encourage enjoin plead prod adjure admonish beseech entreat implore
pressuriseUK pressurizeUS compel influence push spur appeal constrain dragoon insist pressure request
ask induce instigate

Verb▲

To facilitate or accelerate the progress of

  He has repeatedly urged the government to do something about this.
 ‘Get on with it!’ he urged her impatiently.
 ‘Please come!’ he urged.

expedite advance forward press promote rush accelerate facilitate hasten hurry precipitate quicken aid
assist boost ease further push stimulate dispatch speed

Antonyms
Noun▲

Opposite of a strong desire or impulse

aversion disinclination distaste indisposition reluctance repugnance block deterrent discouragement

disgust dislike hate hatred hindrance indifference revulsion hesitancy loathing repulsion unwillingness
hesitance nausea horror

Verb▲

Opposite of to ask someone to do something in an urgent manner

discourage answer censure check condemn criticiseUK criticizeUS delay deny disapprove dissuade halt
hinder hurt oppose prevent protest pull refuse reject reply repress

Verb▲

Opposite of to facilitate or accelerate the progress of

delay hinder impede prolong suspend curb defer hamper hamstring handicap interrupt obstruct
prorogue protract retard slow stall stymie thwart adjourn block check cumber
194.unburden
‫وبھجایابرےس نکخایص ب‬،‫ بدؽاکوبھجاخاتر ان‬،‫َہ نک ان‬
،‫احِص نک ان‬ ‫یج ن ا‬

‫یجاکلہرک ان‬،‫دؽاکوبھجاٹہ ان‬.

Synonyms

Verb▲

Past tense for to unload or discharge

unburden yourself/something (of something) (to somebody)

 She needed to unburden herself to somebody.

 She unburdened herself of her feelings of guilt.

discharged unloaded disburdened disencumbered off-loaded unladed unladen unpacked relieved

revealed confided disclosed lightened unbosomed divulged dumped eased emptied lost owned own
relinquished shook shaken

Verb▲
Past tense for tell someone about a secret or private matter while trusting them not to repeat
it to others

 He'll unburden himself to anyone who'll listen.

 ‘He wanted to unburden himself and he wanted her opinion on the matters that had
been troubling him.’
 ‘I doubt if he will be the one you unburden your soul to.’

confided revealed disclosed divulged imparted admitted confessed told betrayed intimated leaked
announced declared exposed made known passed on proclaimed reported uncovered unfolded
unmasked babbled laid bare vouchsafed whispered

antonyms
Verb▲

Opposite of to unload or discharge, typically cargo

load pack conceal hide burden hold upset keep encumber saddle fill condemn limit restrain maintain
entangle embroil put on pack up save get create bear

Verb▲

Opposite of to tell someone about (one's troubles), and thus obtain relief
conceal cloak enshroud guard hide mask shroud veil cover up suppress withhold hold back

Sentences
. He'll unburden himself to anyone who'll listen.

2. She needed to unburden herself to somebody.

3. Somehow he had to unburden his soul to somebody, and it couldn't be to Laura.

4. Some students unburden themselves of emotional problems that faculty members

feel ill equipped to handle.

195.unprovoked
‫ب‬
‫ےب ن ن‬،‫الِب نو نہ‬،‫الِبسِکاباعتشؽےک‬،‫ےباباعتشؽ‬
‫ب‬

Synonyms

Adjective▲

Happening without provocation or motivation

motiveless gratuitous senseless meaningless wanton uncalled-for unjustifiable indefensible

unjustified unforgivable unreasonable inexcusable
unwarranted unpardonable unwarrantable excessive immoderate unnecessary unconscionable

antonyms

Adjective▲

Opposite of happening without provocation or motivation

provoked justified justifiable excusable proven warranted necessary needed forgivable
defensible pardonable indispensable required needful essential reasonable venial deserved
called-for appropriate just acceptable good fair

196.venture
‫ت‬ ‫خکھ‬ ‫ت‬
،‫رطخےاکاکؾوصخًاص بتاریتوسدا‬،‫ادقاؾ‬،‫ابافتؼ‬،‫وج م‬،‫قبسمتآزامیئ‬

‫رطخےںیمڈاانل‬،‫رطخہومؽانیل‬،‫داؤرپاگل ان‬.v.t

Noun▲

An undertaking, typically one that involves risk

attempt caper deal deed essay experience experiment enterprise project undertaking
adventure scheme campaign operation pursuit business affair endeavorUS endeavourUK
expedition exploit mission quest activity crusade effort engagement escapade feat plunge
proposition shot trial

Antonyms
Noun▲

Opposite of a undertaking, typically one that involves risk

assurance certainty fact idleness inaction protection reality safety sure thing surety inactivity
abstention laziness passivity unemployment failure inertia fun entertainment stoppage
cessation peace repose surrender pastime rest neglect

Sentences
Venture a small fish to catch a great one.

2. Nought venture, nought have [gain, win].

3. Nothing venture, nothing win (or have or gain).

4. Nothing venture, nothing have [gain, win].

197.vulnerable
‫ک‬
،‫حمظےلمحیکزبدںیم‬‫ریغ خ‬،‫وچٹاک ب ششار‬،‫اھگلئوہےنےکالقئ‬،‫زدذپری‬

‫زدسپری‬،‫وچٹاکاکشر‬،‫اھگلئوہےنےکالقئ‬.a

Synonyms

Adjective▲

Exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed

unprotected exposed helpless unguarded defencelessUK assailable undefended unsafe
endangered susceptible attackable ill-protected powerless unfortified unshielded
defenselessUS open pregnable unarmed unresistant weak weak fragile brittle delicate
breakable crumbly flimsy decrepit destructible fracturable frangible shatterable unstable

Antonyms

Adjective▲

Opposite of exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed

invulnerable guarded protected shielded immune resistant unstoppable bulletproof impassable
impenetrable impervious impregnable indestructible powerful resilient safe secure unbeatable
unconquerable durable insensitive insurmountable

Sentences
, You must try not to appear vulnerable.

2, Children are the most vulnerable members of society .

3, Trust always can not stand test, appear so vulnerable.

4, The potato is vulnerable to several pests.

5, She looked very vulnerable standing there on her own.

‫‪198.whip‬‬
‫ب‬
‫اخانلھچ‪،‬وُکد ان‪،‬اتزایےناگل ان‪،‬سِکوکزیتیاچ کاور کچدارےشےسامر ان‪،‬‬

‫‪.n‬اچ ک‪،‬درہ‪،‬وکڑا‪،‬وساٹن‪،‬اتزایہن‬
‫‪WHIP AND SPUR‬‬

‫اپنی پوری رفتار سے ‪ ،‬غضبناک رفتار سے‬

‫‪WHIP CAT‬‬

‫گھر گھر جاکر کام کرنے واال ۔‬

‫چوسی کشًب‬

‫‪Synonyms‬‬

‫▲‪Verb‬‬

‫‪To strike or hit repeatedly‬‬

‫‪whip somebody/something‬‬
He was taken back to the jail and soundly whipped.

flog lash beat switch birch tan thrash scourge cane flagellate leather strap belt flail hide lick
whale punish bash baste bat batter belabourUK belaborUS bludgeon buffet

Verb▲

To move or go quickly and suddenly

 She whipped a handkerchief out of her pocket and wiped his face.
 He whipped the covers off the bed.
 I was going to pay but before I knew it he'd whipped out his credit card.
 They whipped my plate away before I'd even finished
 to (cause something to) move quickly and forcefully:
 The wind whipped across the half-frozen lake.
 A fierce, freezing wind whipped torrential rain into their faces.

dash rush shoot dart fly dive race run tear whisk bolt bound career charge gallop hare hurtle
sprint plunge scamper scurry scuttle speed streak zoom belt

Verb▲

To change the course or direction of (something)

 + adv./prep. A branch whipped across the car window.

 Her hair whipped around her face in the wind.
 whip something The waves were being whipped by 50 mile an hour winds.
 At the sound of his name, he whipped round and glared at us.
 The wind whipped across the moors.
 The wind whipped her hair around her face.

divert turn redirect swing veer wheel deflect twist pivot deviate swerve sheer bend curve
diverge whirl swivel

Verb▲

To steal (something)
  She whipped the letter away from him.
 A gust of wind whipped off her hat.
 He whipped out a notebook and began scribbling furiously.

purloin steal take thieve abstract appropriate embezzle loot misappropriate pilfer shoplift nab
rob run off with swipe

Noun▲

A strip of leather or length of cord fastened to a handle, used for flogging or

beating a person or for urging on an animal

 She lashed the horses mercilessly with her long whip.

 The lion-tamer cracked his whip.
lash scourge switch birch cane crop thong belt knout strap flogger rawhide bullwhip cat cat-o'-
nine-tails horsewhip bat flail goad prod push quirt riding crop rod ruler

Antonyms
Verb▲

Opposite of to strike or hit repeatedly

compliment lose praise protect surrender fail tap guard help aid assist create encourage retreat
inspirit comfort fix be still let go construct build pat cede relinquish pull

Verb▲

Opposite of to move or go quickly and suddenly

dawdle stay walk crawl creep poke amble slow stroll wait face halt plod go slowly saunter
sashay loiter procrastinate discourage lag hinder stand dissuade rest

Verb▲

Opposite of to move or proceed very quickly

crawl creep poke drag slow walk dawdle delay wait stroll amble halt decelerate stay
procrastinate lose retard dally rest dissuade stop discourage brake sew tarry

Verb▲

Opposite of to steal
give bestow contribute donate offer proffer provide bequeath relinquish surrender yield
receive return refuse reject keep release demote free depress dispirit weaken

Sentences
The cruel man lashed the horse with his whip.

3. Whip the ingredients into a smooth paste.

4. He was striking his dog with his whip.

5. I can easily whip up an omelette.

6. He thrashed the horse with his whip.

199.weigh up
‫ب‬
‫سِکےشاکرتازوےسوزؿرک ان‬،‫وتؽرک ان‬،‫وزؿرک ان‬،‫وتانل‬،‫اپینےکادنررحتک‬

WEIGH BEAM

‫لوہے کا کانٹا ۔قباى لوہے کا اٹھاو کانٹا جو چوکھٹے هیں لگا ہوتا ہے ۔‬
Synonyms

Verb▲

To think meticulously about something, usually before a decision is made

assess balance chew over consider contemplate deliberate evaluate examine mull over ponder
reflect on size up take stock of think about think over reflect study meditate meditate on pore
over ruminate muse on cogitate on think cerebrate cogitate about eye ruminate over appraise
pore on think out deliberate about deliberate on

antonyms
Verb▲

Opposite of to think meticulously about something, usually before a decision is

made
dismiss disregard ignore discard avoid overlook scorn avert bypass shirk shun cold-shoulder

Sentences
You must weigh up the pros and cons .

2 The company will be able to weigh up the environmental pros and cons of each site.

3 Tonight's meeting will weigh up the relative merits of the two candidates.

4 You have to weigh up all the pros and cons of the matter before you make a
decision.

200.writhe
‫ک‬ ‫ت‬
‫ش‬ ‫نت یبلم یيتھ ک بَس‬
،‫ تخَرَپشاینےس‬،‫ ماک ندردےسولٹوپٹوہ ان‬،‫ا ناا‬،‫ نلا ان‬،‫ننانپ‬

‫چیپڈاانل‬،‫رموڑ ان‬،‫اگبڑ ان‬،‫لبدانی‬.v.t

Synonyms

Verb▲
To interweave or cross one with another

enlace entwine implicate interlace intertwine intertwist interweave inweave lace ply twist
weave wreathe braid twine knit entangle tangle knot wind plait snarl interlink link coil
intermingle mesh mix connect interlock crisscross squirm thrash twist wriggle jerk toss wiggle
twitch jiggle

Antonyms

Verb▲

Opposite of To interweave or cross one with another

straighten be still sit still leave alone work rest freeze relax disentangle unsnarl untangle
untwine untwist disconnect divide separate unmix dissociate part

Sentences
Of course students will writhe under such unjust treatment.

6 Her words made him writhe with shame.

7 The subject makes her writhe with embarrassment.

201.waft
،‫ریت انےسیجوہاںیم‬،‫اخڑاےلاج ان‬،‫ےکلہےساہبےلاج ان‬

‫رتلیسرک ان‬،‫ےلاج ان‬،‫ےکلہےساہبےلاج ان‬.v.t

Synonyms

Verb▲

To lie or move along on a liquid surface or in the air

 + adv./prep. The sound of their voices wafted across the lake.

 Delicious smells wafted up from the kitchen.
 waft something + adv./prep. The scent of the flowers was wafted along by the breeze.
 A scent of honey wafted up from the hives.
drift float glide coast flow hang hover poise ride sail swim whirl stray travel be carried fan
stream float fly flap flutter blow swing ripple undulate wave thresh flail stir sway shake billow
twirl waver

Verb▲

To move or be carried by or as if by wind

 Spicy smells wafted through the air.

 The night air wafted gently over them.
 The scent of the flowers was wafted through the window by the breeze.

blow carry move drive sweep buffet toss bear drag fling pull whirl whisk propel scurry scuttle be
carried

Noun▲

A gentle or light wind or breeze

breath breeze puff air current zephyr draughtUK whiff draftUS gust wind blast flurry gale blow
rush current of air

Antonyms
Verb▲

Opposite of to lie or move along on a liquid surface or in the air

settle sink hold keep take land descend rest lie founder dip rush drown submerge drop go down

Verb▲

Opposite of to To move or be carried by or as if by wind

ascend correct face go up increase land rise walk

sentence
A waft of perfume drifted into Ingrid's nostrils.

2. The talk began to waft over me, Halema's guttural Arabic being too quick and too
difficult for me to catch.
3. Then the train was gone, in a waft of vacuum that sent a sheet of newsprint
spiraling into the sky.

4. The smell of damp and rot seemed to waft from the doorway as if expelled from
putrid lungs.

202.yearning
‫نت ک‬ ‫ک ہش‬ ‫شت‬
،‫تا‬ّ ‫ ن‬،‫اچہ‬،‫ بدیل نخا ب س‬،‫آرزخ و‬،‫شاؼ‬
‫اب ب‬

‫انمت‬،‫وشؼ‬،‫الےل‬،‫دیلوخاشہ‬،‫اچہ‬،‫ارامؿ‬،‫آرزو‬.

Synonyms

Noun▲

A wistful or melancholy longing

desire longing hunger urge yen hankering pining need wish appetite burning craving eagerness
thirst hungering inclination itch lust ache appetency drive fancy greed jones letch passion
thirstiness want ambition aspiration cacoethes craze fascination fervorUS fervourUK infatuation
liking

Antonyms
Noun▲

Opposite of a wistful or melancholy longing

apathy comfort disinterest dislike distaste hate hatred indifference plenty satisfaction disgust
aversion revulsion disinclination loathing repulsion antipathy repugnance abhorrence
indisposition detestation reluctance displeasure

sentence
He looked at her with yearning.

(2) They had a deep yearning for their homeland.

(3) He spoke of his yearning for another child.

He felt a great yearning after his old job.

(7) He always had a yearning to be a schoolteacher.

204.yelp
،‫ابرکیوھپکنایخیچ‬،‫زیتاورابرکیآوازںیمالچ ان‬

‫ انایانخیچ‬،‫زیتوھب‬.v.t

Synonyms’ is
Noun▲

A short, sharp cry, especially of pain or alarm

 The dog yelped with pain and surprise.

 I accidentally stepped on the dog's foot and it yelped.
 She yelped, as if being punched in the stomach.

cry scream screech squeal shout howl shriek squawk wail yell yowl bark bawl call whoop yap
yawl bay holler woof hoot short squeak yip roar bellow caterwaul clamorUS clamourUK yawp
squall whine ululation growl

Verb▲

Utter a yelp
  Feeling something sting her cheek, she stifled a yelp.
 She heard her pet's yelps of pain and rushed to his side.

 He gave a yelp of pain and pulled his hand away.

 He let out a yelp of joy on hearing the result.
 A yelp of shock escaped her as the door opened.
 Six hundred pounds! I let out a yelp.

squeal scream screech howl shriek yell bark shout squawk wail yap yowl bawl cry shrill squall
yawp bay holler woof yip call out cry out squeak caterwaul roar bellow ululate growl whine
whoop keen moan call

Antonyms

Noun▲

Opposite of A short, sharp cry, especially of pain or alarm

jubilation exultation joy rejoicing ecstasy elation triumph celebration euphoria excitement
gladness revelingUS exhilaration happiness gleefulness merriness glee revelry cheer

Verb▲

Opposite of Utter a yelp

rejoice crow delight triumph celebrate cheer revel exuberate hoot jubilate croak screech
bluster squawk flaunt caw kvell boast gloat brag swagger cry vaunt

sentences
The dog gave a yelp of pain.

2. She jumped back with a little yelp of surprise.

3. I had to bite back a yelp of surprise.

4. The dog gave a yelp when I trod on its paw.

5. His laughter was cathartic, an animal yelp that brought tears to his eyes.

6. She gave a smothered yelp of dismay.

205.yield
‫ت‬ ‫ت‬
‫ک‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ک ک‬
،‫اباجزن تديا‬،‫سَتک ان‬،‫ ن خقؽک ان‬،‫افدئنہ نک ان‬،‫وسانپن‬،‫دي‬
‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ال ا‬،‫دي‬
‫ا‬

‫ میلسرک ان‬،‫اتعبرک ان‬،‫وسانپن‬،‫لھپدانی‬،‫دیپارک ان‬،‫امؿانیل‬،‫ال ان‬،‫افدئہرک ان‬،‫دانی‬،‫وھچڑ ان‬.v.t

Synonyms

Verb▲

To yield or produce as a result of an investment of money, time or effort

  The investigation yielded some unexpected results.
 Favourable weather yielded a good crop.

 The process yields oil for industrial use.

 Burning waste yields energy that can be used for electric power or heating.
 The excavation yielded some superb artifacts.
 Early radio equipment yielded poor sound quality.
 The experiments yielded some surprising results.

give produce bear return earn generate provide afford net supply fetch pay realiseUK realizeUS
accrue beget bring contribute create make bestow catalyseUK catalyzeUS effect engender
furnish occasion prompt spawn tender

Verb▲

To surrender to arguments, demands, or pressure

  His legs began to yield under the sheer weight of his body.

 They refused to yield power.

 They had to yield control of the river area.
 They were forced to yield (up) their land to the occupying forces.
 Despite renewed pressure to give up the occupied territory, they will not
yield.

surrender submit capitulate bow cede relent succumb concede quit break give tumble buckle
collapse fold founder resign budge crumple deliver indulge abandon relinquish surrender
bequeath cede resign abdicate leave shed renounce sacrifice waive hand over turn over deliver
up

Verb▲

(of a mass or structure) To physically give way under force or pressure

bend buckle flex contort curve distort give warp arch crumple deform stretch fold give way be
pliant be flexible expand be elastic lengthen be stretchy be tensile be stretchable

Antonyms

Verb▲

Opposite of To yield or produce as a result of an investment of money, time or

effort
lose deplete burn exhaust squander waste blow drain expend outlay spend consume misspend
use be deprived of burn through burn up suffer the loss of throw away waste away

Verb▲

Opposite of to surrender to arguments, demands, or pressure

resist fight counter hinder impede inhibit block brave challenge combat confront defend defy
obstruct protest reject surmount thwart withstand battle counteract curb

Verb▲

(of a mass or structure) Opposite of to physically give way under force or

pressure
last endure hold prevail survive bear up hold out hold up keep going keep up

sentence
We shall never yield to a conqueror.

5 That apple tree yield s plenty of apples.

6 This method of cultivation produces higher yield.

7 A brave man may fall, but he cannot yield.

206.zealous
 ‫ت‬ ‫ن ک ب ش‬
،‫سِک نشڈنڈرَسرَگیمےس خمارِث‬،‫لنگنواال‬،‫رُپوجش‬،‫رَسرَگنؾ‬

‫اشقئ‬،‫رسرگؾ‬،‫رپوجش‬،‫نگلواال‬،‫رٹکریپ‬،‫وجالیش‬.a

Synonyms

Adjective▲

Exhibiting enthusiasm or strong passion

earnest enthusiastic passionate ardent devoted eager keen burning fervent fervid impassioned
fanatical spirited fiery militant rabid committed devout sincere wholehearted avid dedicated
energetic fierce forceful hearty intense purposeful excited energetic fanatical fervent lively manic
perfervid pumped frenetic obsessed passionate raring ready ardent

Antonyms

Adjective▲

Opposite of exhibiting enthusiasm or strong passion

apathetic indifferent unenthusiastic cold cool lacklusterUS lacklustreUK languorous listless low-
key dispassionate frigid half-hearted happy lackadaisical lethargic torpid unconcerned unexcited
unimpassioned unpassionate limp restrained languid understated enervated idle passive
lukewarm muted

sentences
He is ticketed as a zealous reformer.

(2) The shop assistant is very zealous.

(3) She was most zealous in performing her duties.

(4) He is a zealous supporter of our cause.

207.zenith

‫ب‬ ‫ت‬
،‫سِکاقُمؾرَپاضِفمعمخوداقُمؾ‬،‫رَسیکسڈھ‬،‫اوچ‬،‫َسارلاس‬‫(فنلکبناات) ن خ‬
‫تمسارلاس‬،‫ہطقنرعوج‬،‫ااہتن‬،‫وفؼ‬،‫وچیٹ‬،‫اوجامکؽ‬،‫اوجکلف‬،‫اوج‬.n
Noun▲

The time or point at which something is most powerful or successful

acme apex apogee height peak pinnacle top climax crest summit meridian crown culmination
vertex high noon high point capstone crescendo head maximum noon noontime optimum
prime sum tip tip-top crowning point

Antonyms

Noun▲

Opposite of the time or point at which something is most powerful or successful

bottom nadir base depths rock bottom depth lowness perigee start unimportance lowest point
the pits the lowest the depths zero the bottom foot all-time low pits depths of despair rock-
bottom low-water mark lowest level as low as one can get low point minimum worst lowest
floor

sentence
The sun reaches its zenith at midday.

2. In the 1860s, Tolstoy was at the zenith of his achievement.

3. She has passed her zenith.

4. The sun rose towards its zenith.

5. His career is now at its zenith.

208.zest
 َ ‫ت ک‬ ‫ک‬
،‫ ن کاا‬،‫باچینش‬،‫ نچ ن ايزَمنہ‬،‫ نچ نارہ‬،‫لخطف‬
‫س‬

‫اؿوکلھچںاکلیت‬،‫ انریگنایومیلںاکاکلھچ‬،‫زیتاچینش‬،‫وساد‬،‫رس‬،‫زمہ‬،‫فطل‬،‫اکسچ‬،‫اخٹچرا‬.n

Synonyms

Noun▲

A quality of excitement and piquancy

piquancy spice tang pungency taste flavourUK relish savourUK kick bite flavouringUK interest
sharpness tartness zing effect nip potency punch spiciness tastiness oomph smack an edge
body charm flavorUS flavoringUS ginger guts appetite enjoyment relish zeal enthusiasm
gustokeenness love eagerness excitement joy ardourUK avidity delight

Noun▲

The outer coloured part of the peel of citrus fruit, used as flavouring
peel rind skin covering epicarp exocarp pericarp outer layer crust hull shuck husk shell
integument capsule pod bark hide layer cortex coating coat peeling pellicle cover wrapping
peelings rinds epicarps exocarps shucks capsules
Antonyms
Noun▲

Opposite of a quality of excitement and piquancy

blandness insipidity boredom dullness idleness laziness lethargy staleness flatness vapidity
triteness weakness plainness tediousness mildness banality uninterestingness tastelessness
boringness pallidness sameness slowness weariness routine aridity commonplaceness drabness
dreariness

Noun▲

Opposite of The outer coloured part of the peel of citrus fruit, used as flavouring
innards insides core flesh interior middle pulp

sentence
We entered into the sport with zest.

(2) Her zest for life is as great as ever.

(3) We tucked into the food with zest.

(4) It's wonderful to see the children's zest for life.