GUIDEBOOK FOR THE DESIGN OF ASME SECTION VIII PRESSURE VESSELS Fourth Edition by James R. Farr Wadsworth, Ohio Maan H. Jawad Camas, Washington ASME esssecu ns enti ere sri tn etre [QUED, ie SSSTANCE OF ak EROPIATE PROESSONAL SHOULD BE SOC onc xan ccm rier ne smc ng ii ei sins tap Cops Ca Sa C8 el os nM TT ay ons i gin ibe cont ASME Mig Dp ba tens sanengrsco os Noms ‘mtn oS er soaione er Cnr Ca Pei Doss "Sita a eo AM sce Vl even a, an oa — the emia tage cs ae BN TT Sei Pr nO on tin 2 encDedicated tothe Farr Family andthe Jawad Family, to all (ofthe Kids anther spouses, ‘and 10 al ofthe grandis & _grea-grandhids for their love ‘and support during the years.PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION In contin ust coin he tet oe nfrmation Forte eign and ensucton of ese ‘snl an prssre stl components the ASME Ble and Penne Vesel Code Secon VI can ‘uly changing document, “The 207 Eon of Seton Vl Divison 1, a meteieaion In some of the pres and bes at svllasa fit of pomiible mati of onsetion, halo ae alerts rules fr noe rinece ‘Rent Other anges wee ade clare neat of varius prgaphs ano ua the Cod urea tceoology “The 2007 Eton of Seton Vl, Divison 2, ws completly revised lading a chenge nthe paragraph ‘uneringsyton Tne2107 Eton of V2 was emedon ay 1, 2007 andbecate mar onan [Sok However the changes noe extensive dt a apcal Coe Cae wi ed o provi an ex [i monte boyd th esr npn date ofthe 2004 Eston whe tar he 2008 ation wih Ad en oth 2007 Eaton was slowed “Tellwabl dein ses tif the 2007 ion of VII-2 weve be the lowest of he wins ten stengtn vied by 24 ores ssid minimum il regia dan amperes Whee ‘Stepand rape arent cong fstors For site rts and some non eous alloys, 90% ee "regi ls pent. Atleatedtenperatires sable soesss also coal bythe same cep nlnptrccivrines VL. The values lire strength and yield rong bse on ed Curves esablabed by Seton Io the ASME Bie and Presse Vessel Ce Many desig is whic were in VIL! ae now lo in VIL? wth ef enna design equations. ‘Some fe dag rie the previous eos of VIL? ae conic whe many hve ben charge o ‘ted ts Deg by lean Dei by Aras oninae be nelaedia VIE? Smee pe ‘an odtons an evion he 207 aon of VI re: (1) aio af weld joint ficken here previous ue rage 100% vlumeteexanitinof i el eel ongoan el (2) nw design ras fr lial ad tips eas: {Gy new cpeingeinfcneat ries bed on per s (smiaro ASME B33 {@) no coi anton es, (9) aed ies fret esl, opel vesels, and ves supports {Gh permit sting the mina wll cheese by Design by Aba aed of Dex by Rules, tae With he mao revision to VI.2 sh th deletion or hang many previous xg ales anew App ax Fas bans wht bok fren efeene fo sone ofthe preva desig ls whic have Boe ‘dete or changAs dec in the Presice othe 5 Eton (Deemer 2005) of tis ook ite fue and sat changer us were pss. Ilo ofinere to not tt th Preface tthe 2 Ean ly 20) ‘sre thereto ofthe dean fatr fr he a Lime 0 yer fre allowable tes terion ‘hitting inthe 2001 Eaton of VIET fan 0 down 3.5. James Ra Wadeworth Of Maan Jawad Cams, Waban Sonar 2010PREFACE TO First EDITION “The ASME Boiler and Presse Vise Co, Seton VIM, gi lsat pain th sign raters selon, isto, npston a ein of pres ese and he cmponnts. With ew expos, ‘hers ht cover te Sexgn of cps tend tobe complied to mpeent This bok was wren ‘dons th plan oh den use varios component OR le, ich hoe persinig ‘Rca lpn esting and aati aro covered te “This boot ended reference for designer of presse eels and eat exchangers. The here background of the equines nd here wat po» minum, nce sch Bckgeund canbe oe rem ‘ihe rfreocs Note ot wl the sign egrets f sch component at lian eas re lncapered thoughout the ASME Ce, eign egremens poring t same pele cmponet ee ‘ven een ne capt refrenc The ens ints boak eon saved examples, we sea {ic ppiaon othe varus ajar iene the ASME Seebon VI Code "Che 1 f is book cover tackgroundinfrate ad yee nh allowable sree rd Jott efccnsesaplsie al cnc: Chapter 2 or the design of ide sel une {ela exer onde Chapter 3 covers the dg fdas ed asin sein that eet Incl and eters ls, Cert conser at plas, cover nd anges Operings re eviews in spe and Chap cor spc components of VI sch a ye comuston, jacketed co one half pipe res, and noc esl Capa cover eat xchange, td Chap coves res exept, ander speci ply conponent Wade Ono Maan Jona Senay 1998,ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Weare cums edt ote many people, sens, sd orarintions te erent, cae ‘ion, nd santos oto ep ee ti bsk po dt wih he nes Code ans and evs, (uri ASME Cooter Members td stir lo have ctu edo e wth backroen and ‘ow development tery, e hank thon fr the lp In ado, we aot anal o ae persons {tu compas ht ave peter te some oft code material thirbook And we bo want teacknowadg our manor fom log tg oa whom we woul ate inca aie Mi Ralph A, coffotNootr Corton, menor e_Jora and Me. PulM, Bist of Babook & Wilkox Compa, ‘meio Mr Far, "Asp tanks io given Mary Grace Stefi and Tar Smith of ASME fori aul isan and pic nein and sabi th bookTABLE OF CONTENTS Pie tl len nn a ‘at Acknowledgments . isto Tables a x Chapter 1 ‘Background Information. ek Allowable ees ee = 2 ‘Weld ai Examination Resiemes. ee 132 _Requemens fr ViIL2 ac 9 14 Bete Face Consiersons, a oo 1S Fain Requsenmats nd Prtcion Agana alae From Cpls Landing 0 UST Rules or Figo Anais in Vil 1132 _ Rules or Fags Ans in VI, = GI ASME Code Requirements ” 1.62 What Desa Hposaieo coma Prssar Tes Do? n 163 Pree Test Resonant fr VIL — 1.64 _ Pres Test Resumes fr V2. a = 17 Conosin Ateance in Desig Formule nd Calas 3 0 0 UTI Canin of Amount of Caren = 18 Minimum Titres of Pen Reig Componente aos = Chaper2 {pind Shes a 2a Tetons ee sat 221 Thin cylin els. mT] 23 ANial Compression. 2 oe aut me) 231 — Vet Roles or Avil Compression, 8 232. Vll2 Riles for Ail Compresson, ae as 241 Exera bss fr Gyo wih Dgk Woososooann 7 242 eral Presser Cinder with DJ 10 — 0243 pial Bao. 31 BAS _Anashmant of Soing Ringe ss 25 Cylndical Sill Bqaons, VI = s 382 Exel Pee - 7 26 Misslaneus Sel es o 2162 lpia Shells. a i 61 Chapter 3 Sper ts He — os 32 Sper Sei nl icnpbial leis Vivi 31 nal Presi n Sper Shells an reson Concave Side omispbercal Heads e 322, Extra res n Spc! Shelia Prestue on Canex Side of Hemispheric Hea seats 8 33. Serial Shlls an teen Ha Vil. ° 331 Pree onthe Concave Sie, a 332 _Pressreon he Conse Sie —— —) 3A. lig edn VI ene m 3A Preset the Conse Side. mE 342 Presson he Conse Side Sen 35 Toba Heade VIET or 35. Presureon he Conve Se. oa 352 _Preseonthe Conse Sie S — 46 236 lpia nd Tope eade Vi in 361 Torspheral leads 362 Elpida 2 17°C Secon, i 332 Extra Prue osmo = 38 Conca Sections, V2 = 382 Extra Premios = 19° MiscelnsoueTrasiton Scion a tos chapter 4 Flat Plates, Covers and Flange ne : 43 42 neg Far is nd Cove, ee Saag 21 Ciel Flat Pits nd Covers us 422 None Ft Plates and Cove his 43. Bola Fae Pats, Covers and Fane, cemememaoat uy 431 Gtr Regiment, Bolt Sing, ol Loaings ni 4 Flr and Covers Wilh Boling his {A Blind Pages Cer Fat Pas nd Covers vss 442 Noni i Plate and Cove — as 4S Opening in Ft Pats a Covers is {51 Opin Diameter Does Not Exod athe le Diameter Ww 4152 Opening Diameter Ercole Pte Diameter. = 13046 Bole Fang Connections (in) — 20 S61 Saag Fhges 0 462 Special Flings cama Bs 463 Flings Rig ea = i 47° Bod Dised Cover bs ATT Deine and Terminology como) 422. TwoTypeofDiked eons be Chapter S Openings 16 ST tanadacton, a = 1 52 Code Bases Fos Accel of Opening 3 53. Temsand Deion waa Si Retoferced Opening Gener Regier — mar SAL Replcement Aan Me 542 Renfroonet Lins 17 543 Comparing Methods of Problem Solving of Reintvced Openings ia Vi VIN 2148 53° Reinforced Openings Risin VII wn cin SSL Openings With Ineret compensation 18 S52. Shape and Sin of Oeines ee S52 AntoReifcemen Remiscd. a) S54. Limit of Renorcomen. 152 S55 ArsofRemnfrement Avni. a S56 Opening Faceting Sie im fection 552 = 2 534 Rformive Design fats or Rentced Openings yaa {nd Coneal Shel 1s S51 Alematve Das les or age eafred Openings in Cylnic td Conk Sb ene 165 56 Reinforced Opeing Resin Vit, — as S61" Deion Sys and Teme 16s 5162 Shape and Sine Linke of Openings tes 563 _Coniguaions of Reinfeed Opening Equntons Given in Design by sof V2 165 S71 Ligament Eeeny ve Weld a Eelnsy ns 522 Nomendae rs 523 Calaiion Re ee os Chapter 6 Design by Hues For Some Special Components fn VILL and VIDE 1st 661 Induction od Background isi 62 Brcedand Stayed Consrction = 18 621 Brcedand Sayed Suricer nnn 622 Suysand Sasol = 7 63 naked ewe is G31 Typeof lacked Vows. seaman ins 632 Design of Cosure Member chro Vessel Ww 633 _ Design of Openings in ake Vessels 90 64 Taip Iake. oe 192 G41 Mesimons Aloe atl Pom slip lal 193 642 _ Minimum Thicnes of al? ake. 94 65. Veses of Noncielr Crow Seton a GST Typerof Vel and Prem Laing - 98652 Bae for Allowable Sess 20 634 Vesels of Rectangular Coss Section nn 2 Chapter? Design of Het xchange a 72 Design of Tubeshee in UTube Exchanger mmn=wmsnmmn 72.1" Nomerclae a a 722 PrlmimyCsenaione 26 723 Design Equations. = a7 13, Fieknbesbecs os 7 ae am 732 Pinimry Cacao = 230 733 Design Eaton. mil 71S Methods of Atuching Tubes o-Tubesheet nn a 243 2S Pooh Ow Tes he 7.6 pate SiR caaeennanmaetece ae Chapter 8 ‘Design by Analysis of Components in VIN 22 32 Stem Coogi 3 53. Stee Caoceuaion 200 TA Chmtatosef Seas ee 200 85) gue Bvalition = us Referens — a 38 Aprenies. on Appnisc A Guides Vi Regen ‘Append 8 Mater Desigation ms ‘Append C Join Eien Factors For Desig of Vt Vs. am ‘Append D lange Calcltion Sects or VIL! Flanges “as ‘Append E Unis of Measures! nd Coeron Fats Seon: “Appeed F Some Desig lems Pir othe 2007 Editon of Vik. mm en ennFiome au List OF FIGURES Welded in Cates (ASME VIE . Ss Category Weld ae ‘Some Goring ihe Bata dor Tougnss (ASME Vii) oe Ingest Excpin Crves (ASME VI). 5 (Chr impact Test Resemet fer Fall Se Spcinin fe Cabon wd Low Alay Sct ‘Wir FeoleSuengh of Las Than 95k (ASME VI I) nna 20 Fatigue Curves for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX, High Ally Stes, and High Tensile Stels for Tenpentier No Excoting 70°F (ASME 206 VI}. en Shell zt a) ‘Char or Carbon and Low Alay Stele with Vield Stes of 90 ksi and Over, aed Types 405 & ‘10Sines Sst ait at (Caserta Pncon of RT Gawad 2008). a femeee Goma Cha for yin Ven Under Extra Pres aad nd Fa 1989) 8 ‘Some Lies f Sapo of Cyl Sel Unde Extra Presufe(ASME VI) 32 ‘Same Deals for AtacingStiffener Rings (ASME. VI-1, sce) ire na ed o Sigel ni ea oe 6s ca a 75 6 2 8 ra 0. er P> 0 8SSE Ths ation cn lobe ween interme of pes =| Pe Seu2-0nZ0) ein wt 224 18 For nga ses 27D, wih 1058 or 512556 eas tere 22(AS6)+1 ution (215) can be witen aterm of peas, Pa = S62-0) ew oor “The hick yd expressions sven by Eqs. (2.12) hough (216 can be xpd in es f ouside rai follows For eames38 coe? te R222, wit 105 a P>ORESSE en 2o(SE+ PASE. orincoms of pressure = SE(Z-DAZ*D es where 2 = (RoR «RHR For lpia ren wih > Ror P> 1.2556, rege? 32 em Z240356141 crimes of peste, ? 2-D eam) whe (RoI R= Rol o-0F Allo te ojaon oe ofa ae norms of ilps ony VI des ot ie ay equa for ealenng ste incr lng om win aed eartsts lads. One tod of Calais, these sessile in Secon 23, Example 25 Problem, Cate nl sk fn sci wt? =100 9 1 Asune annie canon allowance of 0.25 in. 18, $=20000 ps aod Soution “Te quay OSHSSE ~ 7700 pals es than se design pres of 10000 pt. Ths. Eq (213 ap 2215+ PUSE-P) (200001. 19000)120.000 “19-1000 az?» =as2300"*-10) 2133610 Toa ¢=1335 + 025-181 inCynic sia 39 xample26 Probie ‘tthe equ thks in Example 25 the design rosie 780 plan the corso lowes bene? Selon ‘The qnfy O385SE = 770 pal greta he design pes of 750 pi. Ts, (21 ap (= PRSE-08P) 680 120000 1.1-08 “7550 Tes meet ermine th accuracy of By (21 by comparing wth be tere (2.13). which sis 20(SE+ PUSE-PL ann 10+ 7620.00 1.07650) eazy rw2298 -10) 74538 ‘This comparzon demons te eccwacy ot Example 27 Probes ‘iat the mann sess na lyre ves steed tan eres of 15.00 ps? The oti inplet-use” E21 over wide ange of eto Soon Thos f 6.50 in. grater han SR Ths eer Eq (217) or By, (13) may be ws sne bah throne ad ise amc ae given: Ba ofthewe euntion cine of te gamit Z wach fection fates Saving or Sohne qutins sx ey, However, since batho thes equations wee ere om E212), cas det sale fo Ths. ‘Se=sono02 +55y@2" 55) 23 AXIAL COMPRESSION 23.1 VIIL Roles for Axial Compression ‘Vessel componans a rqienly see ail comprasive sees cased by sch tm a Wind nd lt canine, an ase Ides The mts compenive ses Lmtd by ter the0 Cinperd TABULAR VALUES FOR FIG. 24 Temp. 5 Tenp. 3 Sena pl ee Ar al lobia rss. sing Jo Eien Facer of 1.0, ore allowable compressive sss, whichever ‘tc Ths allowse teal sean conl the eqs ticks hck clin whee slowae ‘oes sess cons the eq kes inthn clin The rosea cleus ew hoax compresiv resin ain penn Farah UG-23af VI! ands bean ort ‘yun with age L/Drato (se, 208) consis eating th quntty Anansi ea A =focor Ro wots teen an then wing» made ses-trancagram fs by te ASME trie the permissible xa Compresive ses, The ASME plas modiledseestain dens, called Exel Prestire Cha Fervour ms rious empties na long cle. Ont such cha fr earbon ste sown a Fig 24. The atin, plted slog in hrontal aa re, slang he ere xi The ao. tof he mates hed testes eno ID or V1 cect ve « cnespondiog Extn Pressure Ch EFC), Tatar vale he ave in thse else nD. for evap se sown in Tale 21 for Fig 24,Cyndi St FIG.24 (CHART FOR CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEELS WITH YIELD STRESS OF 30 KSI [AND OVER, AND TYPES 405 a 410 STAINLESS STEELS Irth cssed vale a fl othe of he ies ina given Ester Pes: Cart than Bs be bam ea whee B= molas of atic of te materi a design epee ‘Thesadls of lacy, nq (222) baie rom th cl er Pres Cha frist by the ASME, sich as thw shown nig. 24 sof nr wt th seas Bint Excl PresreChart Fig 24, hs vai of lf the tas chin ntact seta cave of he given otra. This ws done bythe ASME tn oder tae dhe chars for ote ang condos sch exper ony el aa ‘tps nd vacum on heads ith aoa shapes Te he ses, fan P24 fo carbon saat {oa emer corespoding toa ta, of O1 si 17. a Ts lf oe achilles of $32 aor hana a obtaed rm acl given ses ance Also he value of mes ‘felastictyektalnd fom tesla pron fhe cave by nig te lope bane any 0p aang “wee (21 E22 ef at nth clog, eek get ein become 8 Busia “is can so be writen as 2 n0.aserRt) ez2 cot? 10; os} Cas corasore e/E ao! 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 rt F1G.25 (CFACTOR AS A FUNCTION OF RIT UAW AD, 2008) ‘The tore eqn forth criel aia bell sts adby the ASME ren by Se = D6EURIN 20 compas oft design E.(2.23) andr anil cing es E224) nent ta acer fst of button wasted byte ASE Howexe. experiments toned seagate pubic ‘lof. 224 fave shown tha more ele rcs lac tes cation the om Se = 08C8KRI0 225) hare Cis oboe fom Fig 25. ‘A comparton of (223) wth Eq, (25) ides ht he ca of fey var fm a conservative value of 1D er sal atin oan scorer val of erlang Rati, Thi fa shoal be ‘nse when deging cyintrs with ange meer ike rato. ‘VI allows an neat of 20% nthe val of Boban fo Fi 2 cleat rom Ba, 22) when lve los, sch wd and earn, re conse. Wind aque nds re sly ob ‘ne om ana stn uch x ASCE the Unf Buding Cade, tape standard inthe Jtsicion where he vs salle Exumtlons (2.2), (222 nd Fl, 2 for easing the allowable compreve seas ney belle tsed on pls bck afb arta thecal Ener’ beking oo col Bus ston nt nal split yids components such ble dane, ves! shit ross stl since the sles ato of such componen sve sal Eales equatin i apse, wove otis hs exchangers a cane Chap Erample 28 Problem ‘The toer shonin Fig E28 an apy weight of Bhp. The conte weigh 251 Xps: Deen the ‘eed thickness of Ue sporting st Allowable ee ses 16h Use Fg 24 fora compe. Sion selon Tho emperor 200° athe sand BOO tthe opOyindial Sate 8 | | FIG. £28 ‘Assume = 38, Al face = 40+ 251-311 ip 1.00% ¥6 “0375 $2790 98 “Th eng momen de to win Fre the tom hing vest proce ar of Bs M308" 36 066 34626)126-8 8 GaNE+ 9420 8-24-82) Sse 280.704~54080 hassen2e Nose tain many spplietns, he oct aes must be nas Beyond 8 fo eins cons ton sich tens a nslston drs an platform. Ao, he moment my Have be med fr shape “The eng ss bine trom he ls quion forth bending of beans: Sim Met1 Chaperd where = maxim dept ofthe cos econ an he aaa as ‘Ts momen fie |M = pp mament Suess = MIO = Lassea2“12tp “48° “0375) 460 “Toul inpreive sess = 2750+ 460 S710 p ‘Th allowable compressive stearate fom Ep (220), Aron2staaos7s) So.0088 From Fig 24 eth A= 000058 al enpate of 20°F we get B= 12.00 pt. wich he allowable ‘aresive sues Ths he sled ices adequnte ae bom ofthe shirt Noth the nce ‘wold have been nado th wmpratre a te bt was BO. Now leu eheck te cies op of he st The ates so de a ty these The 292-836 6434426 16)4 24834 (3t2+26-16)+20°8 10 02) = s7300+176256+-40 sete Bening see 7648 129“ 0515) “Toul compresine ses = 2750+ 340 = 600 From Fig. 24 wih A= 0.0908 al enperatire f 80°F we ge ‘Sagat she op of hes. Maximum teste sts at boom of skit = 4680 2750~ 1810s} Maxim ele ses topo st = 30 2730, =500 Bath of hese aes ae es than 16.00 pt ich sth allowable se ses ar thsi. “Tasca show hat =n othe st stator. This hicks my eed be ceased ‘seta comncion tke to acoun och ems opening rare, cason, ov ues ‘nso td ending tor 00 ps. Ths. the selected cessCynon Soi 48 Example 29 ‘iat athe sllewabl compressive sess nan tal ender nh D, 24, = Ban designe rate = 90°F? Use Fg 24 forthe Exel Prosar Chae Seiten From, 220 Anonsiawoss) Frm ig 24, this abe alle tothe fhe carve for 90°F Thao, 22) mut be Te ‘alo of is cad fom Fg 2435208 pl for SIF Hence slowste compressive tes Bis ‘B-noo0n 295090102 232 VIIL2 Ras for Axial Compression ‘Thera in V2 for ai compression neni sal fe stanly rom tase VI The UIIEZrletarebnsd on genre propre nthe ASME dt eather than spe xtra os fu chr. The er ar gered more oar compat ae hn nana alas The flowing, ‘roca for clelnng’e lea sable sx compressive ss nena bls erated ‘on and aw aly sess ts factor I-15 here Is Seinen VIL. The abe fT > 015 erly pan to rt exchange be were ler beings pple Catt the allowate compresses fom the equation Fu min (Pacha) ean Where Fy te lovable compesve Ss Fy defoed as Fu2SIFS eb ULELS ean 1 = elt rte, 2m Fa Feae Dw a ta R= OSS/FS ors. e DR 62000 eam Woe FS factor ofsfey 5, = yield sees ign enperae Foi defied as Fa Bats ex eanET eee ‘The vae oC tepten by gE 5 08h fe Osrcr07 es) es 028e for 1267 Bute 2000 ex ‘Theva sexe at E16 foe Mes 30) « foe 15M cts a5 eto foe MPS 36 here Metin as Ma = LAR ean ‘Te cr of fey. 5, ened os eon foe ReFOS, em FS-2407-076URI,) fF 0555, ¢FeeS, a9 51667 fee Fes5, eo ‘Wr. the predic bucking sess th FS = 0 Ivoire ot the Dawa cmpresive sts in VIZ ie ection of ie length te tinder gven by (27). Te load seas in VI depend oh gh since he derton 'Seaeservavly based on long ens. “Teeabove aq rapa tcabon and lw allo set Section V2 ii the tov pu ‘ona wth sppementa equations node cover ober mater such a sil ss on fers ‘les: The seplemaal equations ae given secon 443 of VI-2 afro such popes ‘thls of tastes sng an ye sss te designated ener. ample 210 Problem Cale the allowabe compressive ses problem 28 using V2 erro, Lt = 22,200.00 pt SJ 2d pi = inch nd oui enter inches Solution Bst- 9610378 -256 From Eg, 28) with 624.000, Gl) =18050 > asso (200. FasCynic ia a7 “Torfr the FS ven by Ey (230) 25 = 2407-07419080/24.00)- 182 From Be (228, $8624.09 0p "Tage 3957" From Eq. (2, My -1924aw0.375) «1697 From (238).¢= 10. From Eq. (232). 0310) oo mintsas 256) 5-0, 050) eC, =063 From. (230, 1220000579 5.5995 From 9 (2.90) WHFS = 10, Fue = 3490p From (40, F108. From 9 (2.30, 54990066 = 3800p From (28, Fin. 3.00) “Thee the nina lovable compesive sess in accordance wits VILLZ 10470 ps of ee ‘Geta not hth vale aie rom Example 28 or VI bs onan acta etral pes chat 12.000 ps. 24 EXTERNAL PRESSURE Exel pes nicl shal cases compres forces that col ado being, The eqns {or thebklng olin sls unr expres extremely cameo ose deli sig Cava, 200, However these option ane sniff eign purposes y plot than hat {tenia bking sain i expend ints feng, ane, and thickest dr The ‘oe aren byte ASME oe acsed next The les nV! an V2 fer or exer presi ‘The extemal peste ules for VIILI ae roe nsectons 24.1, 242 244, and 245. The eet presen for VE'2 ae cased in secon 252. 24.1 External Pressure for Cylinders with Deft 10 ‘The ASME wes plats to sages he quantity, Ante of thats Doan Dion 2 shown Inig 28. Thedeser cleanest kona uate L/D, an Dan thn es ge to ermine the ony, A Tocomelse A oalowsle eral pes. he dle an the Eten! Pesre Cat,8 onthe Det = 10g Beene g BRSBEs FiG.26 (GEOMETRIC CHART FOR CYLINDRICAL VESSELS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE (UAWAD AND FARR, 1865)Colne Stas a8 such asthe on shonin Fig, 2.9 obtain a Brae. Te alot xa resi cn ton be deere! irom i B va expat below, Accordingly, th ride ASME VIL Pagraph UG28 fr DOOLT, ad fom P24, ese dat A Tals wo thee of he cas Tos, om Ea (2)$0 Cup? Pe2-qouo17 “770 Pies 10100) 19.8 Anew ti of ¢~S/18in ress nan omacapable slows prs of 122 ps Tus, he rogue hk eset beard 38 i “Te lable compressive np shen S- PR sis. 300.375 24.2 External Pressure for Cylinders with Dp < 10, When Duis es than 10, th sllewabl ener prs taken he alr fhe ales ermine from theft egos: Fy = B60 0083] 8 ee maz ean ‘whe Bs obs dsc above. For vals f(D oes than o ea 4 he Ava cae An taKDat? es) Fr vaso A rete 0.10, we a ae 0.10, The val of Sistah a salle af ones he ‘lcwabl sl stressor 05 ests ofthe terial the dexgn emgerare The yd sires {Settand fom te Exel Presae Chart of ternal by sing twee Bale oa rom the ‘rae ight na! sid ofthe tortion point fhe propionate cane "Te fcr of sty in Es (248 and (248 vars em 3.0 for ht ~ 10 abt 1ST for Dist = 2 “Tals gradaledcion nthe cor of safety athe er getter usted since buckling ceases ‘ie comer a he ator of fly fr ene pessare hep he sane 5th feral ese, which 28S, Example 212 Problem ‘The ide lider jacketed ves! hs a ouside hater of 20 nego 72a na eke 'n What sth oxime allowable peste? Un Fig 24 fo an Etre Chat Latte (design eer 300 Th sll sen sion 1750 pt Solon {flelaton give L/D ~3.60 and Dyt=49. An snce Deft = 4.0, 24S) mst be sd. Hees aeanao? Frm Fig 24 From Eq 29),nic Sha Par (eatei4oy- ones 17400 ‘The yl ates af the mater (0920 o 32040 ps. Te the llowale sts 25000 ps, Heo 040 pats bese From Ea, Pe=0 Roa -140) “Thee the allowable Jct pesare in acoace with VIL! i 160 ps Notes, however. ta his prose grater an 0385S a dco hat ikl eqns ay tv ewe Sach equations Foren! presse we ntin VIEL Ye 243 Empirical Equations eof nero net tat Fi 26 ca aly be se or (De of po 100. Larger values are ot pete weeny bythe ASME. One approximate ogatin Uva 2000) fa fue sed by designers for Tig (0 etn we deveaped byte U.S. Navy a ven by Pe 08sEKUDpx on? es P. rece ‘This eqution incrprtes aca of sey ofS anda Poisons ato of 30. "Many press vests are sje oul to aco rw ol los rom wie a ead oa Seton VILL don wo gives to for ean the aanable empress ies due w combined tfc of vacuum and ail ds, One sich oto ee ak rate eqn sat we one ed for ‘Shevlin em ons, Bote (tn, el 197) sagged 3 arse eaion ste fr Pry ipyE 0 Wier, = cl axial peste callable rere eer ra ‘Slowsbl cera pres Example 2.13 Problem ‘Solve ample 211 wing Eq, (48) ‘Setuion From Earp 2.11, ¢ 0.375 £10 = 40, Dt = 160.0, a E=27.00 Then om Ea (248), P0865 7.000.00004.041507" “Tris approximate vale iar fom the answer Example 21 by about 6%.FiG.27 SSOME LINES OF SUPPORT OF CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE (ASIE Vi) 244 Stifening Rings ‘The regu hickes of shel wa gen dante uer a spec exer re can ermal be recy soning he bls fc eng The gh can eco by roving silleing ings a ‘vous itera sb ni 27 Te eqed mamoe of tosh ings deerme rom ata Alea eanCyan Site 58 arta Aleganios es ied momen of nets, Fig. 28 of he rst con of he ing tau smal x 1s road moment fine, Fig. 28 of he as Socton of the rng and fv sa shot ‘icmbined neal axe int Th act length of hs ena 110,039" ithe see fom he ener of the stern ing fo the next Tif tgp on 08 ‘te, pr ni te dtuare rom te caer ine ote eg then ine spp on he aes Sie Alin of spp (0) wfeing ring plat 3) eames hea ‘toned the dh of th ead) one to sling jain ren ofthe on rime coe te hel onal hiknes fe shel a. bel Fig. €213Asn stan ae, Ao loin ing nd clea the vale nent of nea. oh Cabal tn he equation 8-078 PORtE® A) ean 5. Ue the appropriate stra Presa ht addtional 1 Bats below he et end fhe empetue ne, cee es An2B€ eso 5. Solve Ey (247) a (248) ore oguted mare of net 6 Thefumshed moreno eta mus eget tan he requ one Example Probe Cleat he oq ticks of hal and he ror amet fern fhe nig ng shown Tog £2 13a. Tho sol nding sera are SA 28S. Excl peste 12 al he sig rates 0. Sotuion Frye IM in Then Do = 2400 and L/Dp = 1240 + 2579/60 ~ 217. From Fig 26 A ~ 0016, nd from Ea (2), ‘Tha sl hase of nado. orth feng ng, ty 3°34 hard way br, as sown in Fig, £2.13, Fr es feaesatons sce ha tht ig itera whe ll Hence, Eq (247) can be bod. The mae of Inet ofthe a ba? Ts, From Eq 29), 912 904025025 30300) 2110p ‘Sin ths valu illo the ef of he mater ln in Fig, 24. wows B25: 4-2 2n072,001.000 omto1es From Eq 2, 1, =(000? “1300025025 “Sosa 04001646 Sica his umber ager tian hat rent of et of the sig (056 n-th ssn ng a pat and peng reed Hwee, efor sich ming con, ete th eve mo ‘tet finer the existing ing dsl ae compare at E48).Cyndi tt 58 From By. (248 ‘n=[oa9? “11n0025+025 30306) 0.000146/108 ‘The ffecv enol ofthe sling section, Fg E2130. ‘n= 1426 "025-0125 025 2.00.5+025)9426 025-025 30) ‘The sca moment of nei 1-426 ‘0281264267025 ‘041-025 300024025 “300959 0006 0480+ 0565-04585 ‘Tha ing the compte socom resus in o/s that adequate 245 Atachment of Stifening Rings Detls of h ltacmen of ening sings othe stl ae ve In Fl, G30 of VL ich ope diced in Fig 28, Te lds mst be lo sppat 3 ala prea lade he sl of PLT ‘tom code assump tthe ening ign an spp he ater oa he shel segment tr ag clap Ala te ce ees tht he wel oper ser nd of O01 Ply Tis ‘Sh le stary a ban the sept a ite rye ing mans oc nd ert shear forces VIL aso her queens pti ich welding ana aps erent ‘ings the se. These ruven are given Paar UG-29 ane UG30 of VL Example 215 Probe Colas he egies of double lt welds tac th tenga shown Fig. E2130) of ape 214th sl Lat te alow estes oF SA 285-C a 100" be 15,70 ps Schon ‘The ado, on th igs eu to PL Ple=120 1300 Sea. creumece Allowable tee sess the filet weld fom Tale 1. 0555 = 8655 ps. The wal land cared by “ond = ber of wee aching rg sine wel allowable =2-w as enc. the regard wo se We rsere2“8858SOME DETAILS FOR ATTACHING STIFFENER RINGS (ASME Vi)Cyndi Sa 52 Use 21 icons lt wisn accordance wh he minima eum of U0, Shes fore, Von te we 1 Py 26m ‘owaile sheng ssn filet wel fom Table 14 555 B69 pa. From strength of mints te ‘ean fr ahear aes iven by von ‘where ist th locaton ofthe wel. sown in Fi, 2.13). a given by 2425 0250795 -0125 07 Hence, 536 agin m9 “02 2.5 CYLINDRICAL SHELL EQUATIONS, VIZ 2:3 lmernal Pressure ‘Te uation rhe eg of yn shall doo rl pss VIEL? given in secon 4.33.1 izes = ye sn ‘This equation deriv fom lsc mls ands apical tl hese ae rss, Example 216 Probe Cleat the requ ches of ylides wth anne aero 6 in. ad an loa es (0f 2000 a La te prs be 10,00 pt de eorason allowance =0.25tach, a = 10. Solution B= 26+20025)- 36501, From, 251) he chs i = 26srzyemom0m 1p 51168 ic “ot thkness = 1.68 025 ~ 11.98 ‘Ts teens 13% anal than he ces aloe fam Example 25 forte same design ondons 252 External Pressure ‘he rules for etemal pres design in VIE2 wile ssa eet em thse in VILL ae i ‘ended eld eel th sae ess. llr press chart 200 ton of VIT-2 waefee or oo replaced in th 2007 eon of VI-2 with oto in rer ace computerize caelatons. The quits re bd on aking he derivatives of sre crves at are wale rom the ASME dts ‘ese in ero cb agent nol ned for aelaing allele cera presse. THe SVS ‘tind om iter VI VIZ ae intended ob esate same. Th fling procs fo reodology of VI. Sep ‘Asue athens foyer at asa ge length Lane, ads Ry, and mds felsic i Sep Cela he dst buckling stess Fo be folong equation Feat6C,E UD, esa ‘Theale of Cobain om ne fhe owing equations eres) me aD 259 ceunncit ge eM ea0.nP aso Gcomnm-0am mr 13cm ex cto fe mans as = My = LARA? sn 93. Calsate the baking ses Frm on of he flowing eqns Res, ca yd5)92439| ese B= O75 6/5 fe 0582 (RIS) <2439 em Ref oe alS,)<0532 eo Sept ‘Sexist he value FS rom one of Fas. 38) 0 (240 Sep ‘lesa the slowabl exer presi F on 20D.) eonCyndi Ste 58 wars, eos ea Example 217 Probem ‘at te gee thickness of yin sl wth gh elo 2 fet nd ouside daneter ou 105 tea The elinder sje i ane resie of 15 a 3 SUP. Nate of enstrucon SA, sie70 Seaton From ID, vl ofS, = 3.00 and = 27,000.00 pt rota L240 ices. Dy= 60 inc Sep 1 Lett= 0375 incon ‘Thas Re =20425 ince. Srp = 2019812510575) = 71.78 21040 «260103759 «236 Fram By. (259, Geneon ‘The elas beking sess calla om E252. Fe = 16(00122427.0000010375940) Sep lS, = 3.298/31.000 = 0106, ‘The buckling es bid from B.(2.80) a5 Rex Sip & From Bg (238), F5=20 Sep 5. Fram By. (262 Fy 20620-1607 ‘The alowable exter priests rm Eg (251) 81 crapert ttTy037960) S26 pe> spa ‘Ths oct = 0.375 nce adopt. [eso meet ot thatthe sae problem ws soled sng th exter ress chart in Example 21. 2.6 MISCELLANEOUS SHELLS 26.1 Miered Cylinders Mur cline Fig. 28, ae dn ose connections, ttn scons, neces Neth VII or VIL? givedesgn ale. The piping code ASME HS 3,200 gives eign equations fo Yaris mas. ‘The ste uation forth alloabl psu na shl witha stg ate Po (SERIA -O6xROM UNG foe qe22s (eo PecSevuMs12sianenglh fe qe 22° eon = Jol fcency Factor ads ofthe sel i accordance wih Fig 25, ' rallowble tess. ng of chang the recto fhe me i, Fig 29 boo FiG.29ASME HSI gs fre formation. ich ogni mus. curved mites. nd length oF pers Example 2 ‘ere ind es an nse ads of 24 in, FA" design press of 50 pl a aide sess {F500 pea ait efreny of 8S. Daermine he ore acs. Soation Frome. (21) fora staigh ele = 50 208000 “045-04 500) “ay 1= Lin = 402 = 20, Ta Ey (283 gover Pe ascon “05 “Lore 0613240) a2) = 2p “Tiss nndequte. Try = L125, Peseo “045 1.812724) 06632408125)" 0201) Use c= 26.2 Epica Sells itis, Fg 2.10, a ecoumred occa by th press vss desir. The Sess, enay from acon, inthe sl de tonal presse can be spexiated yes th brane ry eligi ines (agp. 1087) The bs equation fo hoop tess expressed PEBISE ait oa 19% 255 FIG. 210 ELLIPTICAL CYLINDER2_Oupee? vce 2 = majoras f th ot. ~Join fey Factor design press. ss ‘Salle step angles defied in Pig 2.10 Example Problem ‘Sotve Eagle 21 ft cylin lp in roo snc wh te mar te mine dara eq 2 amt ctl 10 an Sotuion (2 50125 in, b= 4.125, P= 10 pl $20.00 pad F = 085, For f= 0°. 84. 289) ges e100 30125" 46128420000 '08550.125sa?0 46125800 0125, For F004 By (65) +100 5028 “4612829000 850.1250?» 46.2590 0125 User=045 “Tis thickness about 10% higher than at Fra ylinder with aa ros section having an vag siamet of Bin Ths cae css ao he extn of meme es dns iin finds ate a preset in cer ideCHAPTER on SPHERICAL SHELLS, HEADs, AND TRANSITION SECTIONS 34 INTRODUCTION Sections VI- an VIL? comin rus fer the design of sali, bels and vanston sects. end coins inchde spheric, beeper top and lips shapes. Tamsin se: tone nde conical and tari shapes: Th deg es formas of here shapes esx VIET and Vit2- Tus ference td othe eign approach sein eelping the equations fo VIL 82 SPHERICAL SHELLS AND HEMISPHERICAL HEADS, VIIF-1 1 Pressure on Cancave Sie of Hemispheric Heads eo nr pre ie Paap G27 as 2.21 Internal Pree in phere Sh ‘Th equed thickness of hn sphere ven Pe PRQSE-02P), wien F U856R0r P > OGISSE. Thi ogtian can kobe writen nem af re Sey 117+) an wore eee oR? “Thethck stl exressins gent Ey. (3.6) and (3.7 ean ested a tms of use ra as fe REM DPF, wih (503568 oe PoOsKSSE es Ye 215E+ PURSE. Py e288. 17 +2 as YR? Reo? Euston (2.1) hgh (2) ae to plicable to hemisphere eds wipes te concave sie ‘Thistle in Fig, Foon ape inarlpessrinconpartan Ath harap heads abeSi Nan Tmo Seton 08 lef subject io concave pessire nt sth (9 may be wd. Paragraph UG 3219 of ‘VI gives he sles fhe dsp of hemlperea ede dt press o the cones see. Example 31 ‘pres etl i constuc ofSA51.70 msi sharon ade at f 8. The trl esgn wes 00 pat 60°F. The ede coenon allowance 125i an thea fen 5085, Wat [eth riedhekms ofthe bony eds te allowable sess 200 pi? Solution The qu 0 855SE- 1,90 pt preter tan he eign ese of 100 ps Thus (1) apps. The Ins ada nthe coma canons equal 125i “Te tot Ded kes = PareSE 0.27) + eosin 100 25972 “000 a5 ~02 ° 100 0.125 see 2spers “The ceased shoes osha 0.3568 Ths, Ei applicable ‘presse esl witha its date of 20. as had kes of. Determine an preset allows ses 2k Assan B= 08 Seaton ‘The maxi pessu sabia fom Eq, (2) 25 P=2° mmo 085101600210) = 55 Esample 13, Problem ‘Aveta ld contd oF SA 516-70 mati an btn accordance he eee of VII se nonselect of 8 and an ital sgn restr 15 po a 80-7. Tse cao ‘onaliowace 0125 inant ot een 1 0 Caelatethe regaed dicho the hemspherea ef tlt sts 1,70 pt Sotaion From ig (1h pi a ike 12450 “482 "19700" 10 +08 45) +0125, 20563 +0125 =06ri ‘Example Problem (Coat te routed emia! ted hice of an acannon with P= 10.00 ps. & = 18 ‘$2 18doe ps aml = 1. Asume an side coson allowance of 025 Seton ‘The qty 0.6655 975 pls ess than he design pes of 10000 ps. Tus, Ea, (6) apes Y2(SE PIRSE- P 2138000 “La 1oq00,2 15,000 * 10-1000) =25 eA -0) = 08292510) 682i “Total ad thks ~ 652 0125-677Spc Shs, Nes Tato Seas =e7r |-t=1361" “Te eure thiches of he sl for hs vse ale Example 25, Anaching th eth sel egies anton wth pero shown nig UW-13.1 of VIL, Ths pe, oweve. ‘acca o male cae snc the ices of he eas oat thd he ais One dof ‘aching the head oie el shown in Fig E24 ‘32.2 External Pressure in Spherical Shells and Pressure on Convex Side of Hemispherical Heads ‘The procedure for cakelating the excel presve on spss given In Faagraph UC 28 of ‘Vil an canis of sein te qunty Aror2siau0 10) A= for yc the prc hl tnd hn ag on Exel Presi Chase Fig 24 iene» Bae. The allowable exes Pe scale om P= ou An aun ete tele ale af fas ot eff te ee na en Eee! Pes Chart hen P, ns ‘alee rom the eae Pe e008se Ro? ea were medals of ato he materi design epee ‘The mada laste. En B12) obtain rom the aca xr Presse Char Fras by ‘te ASME, chat show in Fi 2.4ution (3.10) an (3.1) ae la appl tobemiptecal ead eth sie o cnet. 25 enon Paragraph UGS) of VIL. Ti sated nF, 3.1 Fa an applied tera presen ‘oar! Bie Heiser hea etc conve pss and Ee (30) a (311) 5 xample 35 Problem Determine the oq thickness of he ed in ale 3.1 deo a expresso 0p. Solon From Example 31 aque helo or nara pres 0.14 in. We wl we hs thoes soar smimod Then fm E10) Av 01258 0125 -0109016) From Fig 24, B= 4.700 pt, An om a, 6.1, 008.2680. = 186 5 ‘Sins hi prose ge hn he sg peste of 10s. th nina acted cen of 1450 Example 3.8 Probe ‘iat the oqo heknsr of s mispheril head sujet textual psu of 15 ps Lt y= 150 nde temper = HO". The els SA 316-70, Solton Dosim = 0.25. Then rom Eg, 210), A-.2519300.25) ‘Sie th A ae te ete 90°F mata ie nF 2.4, we have tue Ea (2.12, 00625 zaamnooutsan25)* =36— ‘Sco th vale esa 15 pager thoes i eed. Tey 4-0125050050) From Fig 24 = 450 ps. Ad om Ey (10, P= 500509Sic Sh Hos nd Tro Seton 6 “Tae selec cess of 050 adage 1 st cera res, Th ks may have 0 be Incesed deta bani ad obsicion requiem’ 33 SPHERICAL SHELLS AND HEMISPHERICAL HEADS, VIIL-2 53.1 Pressure On the Concave Side “To que hicks of perc sl and bepress pen in Par gophdS5ofVIZ econ em Dine dame joint eieeney P tne pesre ‘Selle ses ‘hte ‘This equation dred om pls mls ands applicable al hens al rss, Bxample37 Problem ‘tein equ ick fr atemispbere ead seed tan eral pes 1.000 Le ‘S200 pt D= 40nd = 10 Solon = anensontenne— 5.68 cs. 13.32 Pressure On the Convex Side “Theres in V2 foro peer on spc ls a mpl aif susan om ‘howe VI The VIL-2 rer re te on gral mater rope int ASME database tt ta ‘perf exteral presure elarts. The ues are gered ore overs compute aha ancl {lations To folowing procedures asl on ton 487 of VIL? fer ene wae extra Prose aspen Homiapherea sel conse of bon and ow aly sel Sip 1 ‘emia hicks Sip? oleate helsing ss Fy rom the allowing equation Fe 0756, oR, ae Sip 3 Cael the bali ste F om on of he Flowing equineBy eLAS LISSA foe 1612625 Fe =018%, +0455, for 055-6288 Rohe for (Bei8,)E05 Sept Cela he valu of From one of he flowing agers 5-20 fe Fy £0585, FS-2407-O744FI5;) for O55, Sas Tos shee = 050 nes esof nest to oe hate allowsble extra pressroom the rus of VI Example 36 ve 15 ps 34 ELLIPSOIDAL HEADS, VII $41 Presa on the Coneave Side ‘commen ul lise! ad hs ati of ase ads oda of 2 (i820). The shape can be a- rowiatedby aspera dk of 090 ds uke ras of 01s ing 3-20). The reed Tics of 2:1 Rede ee rss on th coneve se pte Page UCS2H of VT. The ick tied rom te lowing sates (= orase-029) ean rnc of equi pes, Pe2seKD+029 whee = debs ameter ‘EJ Eeeny Fate "hens ofthe ket Epc nets wit raed ao thr han 21 may alo be eg othe egueent of VII The governing eqns gen in penx 4 of VILA a t= pomase-02) wa Ks aton2 + (orn tnd Bh vats berween LO and 30. The 1. actor coesponds oa mish ead. The K equation i renin Arlee) af Append of VILoy FiG.22 aston (325) cane expressed ine of he request Posen ko.029 ean ‘These cqutions cat aoe writen tems a te ete nat, Dy, Tus 15 POLRIASES2AK-00) ea 2 SEIKO, -24K-01) a2 eof testo ae ht VIL docs at ive any Pinions a the above equations, Nor des have ay ale for eligi! ha when he ato of P's ae. 542 Pressure onthe Convex Side "The ticks need tei pee nthe ode a nell ad given nFragrgh UG-33 VILL Te request eater oft ow hens ened fom he igs bel |. Maly the eg asian he cones he fico 1.67 The eh new pete fndaomcefficenyofE~ nh appre eqns ten Ee (20) dough 3.23) ‘terme he rod chess.pcs Shi Hah nT Sees 72 2 tein rt the rn rads of he pol ea. Ths es vale an equal Sera ads to ect eile xe pees ater slat the po ‘re given for spi shel in Seton 122. The pocdeconts of cleulting th un AnO12sKKDU0 oon nto of ao Liaison rom Table 3.1 Dy utter the lies! ad ‘Ten ssng an Est Presice Chasm Fig 24, ene he Bala. The oable res = BnKsa9 sn tected ae of Af othe lt fe ie ina ven eral Pres Cha then Pst ‘alcatel rom te oan 0s2s6xK.040 ax) no of asco mtr tein ongerae ‘The mls of acy, n By (5:32 obit rae scl es sain aga sch tas sown nig 24, fred by he ASME, Example 3.9 Probe (Cleat he oid hens «22: ad wh side se ameter of 18 Seg empetas of {00°F coneve pres of 20 pt commer pene 15 pa lows ss 1700p. jl ciency oF 085 The ea rma foward Far Concave Prsire Fro Bq (229, with K= (6)2 + 21 = 11 000 2180 "Le “17500 “as—a2 “20 =. TABLE 34 FACTOR Ko FOR AN ELLIPSOIDAL HEAD WITH PRESSURE ‘ON THE CONVEX SIDE ® FR tb ie ie oe oe oe on on ts ox oo