CONTENTS ‘To the Instructor Unit E Animals T 1. The Kiwi 2. The Camel Unit Unit 11 Unit IV Unit V 3. The Polar Bear 4, The Hippopotamus 5. The Dolphin Word Study How ? Why ? 1. Why Are Elevators Important ? 2. Why Ie the Soa Salty ? 3. How Can a Plant Kill ? 4, How Can We Have Farms in the Sea ? 5, How Do Deaf People Talk ? Word Study Plants 1. The Date Palm 2. The Water Hyacinth 3. Rice 4. Oranges 5. Guayule Word Study Popular Food 1. Popoorn 2. Hamburgers 3. Chewing Gum 4. Cola Drinks and Ice Cream Cones 5. Sandwiches, Pizza, and Potato Chips Word Study Animals I 1. The Sand Wasp 2 The Arctic Tern 3. Phe Sloth 4. Locusts 5. The Water Spider Word Study 85 89 93 97 100 104 1 118 120 124 133Unit VI Interesting People of the World L. The Lapps of Northern Europe 2. The Ainu of Japan 3. The Tasadays of the Philippines 4. The Hopi Indians of Arizona 5. The Manris of New Zealand Word Study Unit VII Exploration and Adventure 1. The Polynesians 2. A Giraffe in Central Asia 3. The First Woman on Mount Everest The European Raja of Sarawak A Walk to the North Pole Word Study ‘Unit VIU Inventions and Inventors 1. The Zipper 2. The Postage Stamp 3. Pencils and Pens 4. The Umbreila 5, The Metric System Word Study Unit IX Unusual Sports L. Thai Boxing 2 Curling 3. Lacrosse Sumo ‘Tarahumara Foot Races Word Study Phan dich va chu giai World Map Vocabulary oe 4 5. Irregular verbs Sample tests Answers to sample tests vi 139 143 148 182 187 162 169 1738 17 182 186 190 197 201 205 210 214 219 232 244 248 253 332 334 354 363TO THE INSTRUCTOR ‘This beginning ESL reader is for students who have studied English for five or six weeks and know about 300 words. It teaches about. 500 more words. It aiso teaches the reading skills of comprehension, finding the main idea, and using the context to undertand vocabulary items. It is especially suitable for students who plan vo attend a university. An instructor's manual with answers to all the exercises is available. The manual also includes an exam for each unit. ‘This text is particularly useful for students coming from another alphabet because the texts are short, most of the sentences are short, and there is constant repetition of vocabulary and structures. Reading Selections. Each of the nine units has a theme such as animals plants, exploration: or inventions. The beginning lessons have a text that is about a half page long, The length gradually increases to about a page. The texts in the first unit are purposely easy and cover information the students already know so that with this comparatively easy material, they can get used to the book, the class, and the instructor. ‘Vocabulary, One of the primary tasks of beginning students is memorizing vocabulary. The usually use their bilingual dictionaries to make a list of new words with their translations In this book, about ten words are introduced in each lesson, They are in boldface type. Those underlined are illustrated or glossed in the margin. All of the words are used af least five times in the lesson, and then are repeated several more times in later lessons. There is also a context clue exercise at the end of each unit that teachea some of the vocabulary for the following unit. Students should use their dictionaries only for the meaning of words that are not glossed, iilustrated, or obvious from the context. Because the words are used in several different sentences, students learn them without tedious memorization and see how they are used in different contexts. They can test themselves on vocabulary at the end of each lesson by going through the boldface words. The boldface is also useful when the students want to review. Because vocabulary is introduced gradually and then used repeatédly. the lessons should be done in order. Otherwise students will be confronted with tov many new vocabulary items in one lesson. ‘The vocabulary is all usoful for beginning academic students except fora few words such as kiwi, hyacinth, guayule, and bamboo which are necessary for the text. vii‘Structure. The first two units use only the present tense, and the sentences are short. ‘The past tense is introduced in Unit III and the present continuous in Unit V. The only other ténses used are the past continuougand the future with will and going to. Subject, possessive, and reflexive pronouns are used. The book also includes such connectors as and, but, 80, then, because, or, and when, By using these, the text can include longer sentences that are still easy for the students to read. Exercises Vocabulary. The first exercises has sentences taken directly from the text. All new words are included. This is for practice in reading the sentences again and writing the new words. Vocabulary (new context). This exercise gives further practine with the new words in a different context but with the same meaning. Vocabulary Review. Vocabulary items are used in subsequent texts and exercises to give additional review, They are filling or matching synonyms and antonyms. Questions. These comprehension questions are taken directly from the text. They can be done orally in class, and/or the students can write the answers as homework. Those: marked with an asterisk are either inference or discussion questions. Comprehension. These are either true/false. true/false/no information, or multiple. choice. There are also inference and discussion questions marked with an asterisk: Main Idea. Students must choose the main idea of the text from three possibilities. Word Study. There is a word study section at the end of each unit. It reinforces structural points such as verb forms, pronouns, and comparison of adjectives that the students are learning in other classes. It also gives spelling rules for noun plurals and verbendings. Later units have charts of word forms Each unit hasanexerciseon context clues using vocabulary items for the following unit. The exercises are not intended tobe complete explanation and practice of the grammar points. The material in this section is included in the quizzes in the instructor's manual. ‘Teaching Methods 1 suggest that the instructor read the text aloud as a pronunciation model, explaining vocabulary so that students don’t have to use their bilingual dictionaries. viiiANIMALS | "Then the class can do the exercises, with the instructor writing the answerson the board. For variety, students might do the exercises together in small groups, Then the class as, awhole can go over the exercises quickly. Students need to understand the subject matter so they can answer the comprehension and main idea questions, but they should not be required to learn the information. Itshould be stressed to the etudente that the purpose of this textis to teach reading skills and vocabulary, not information. Otherwise, they will be spending hours memorizing facts that they don’t need to now. Unit V has one question on the main idea at the end of the unit, Students have to match dotails from the five lessons with the five titles. Louggest that they do thia together in class, since they have not been required to learn the information in the lessons. ‘The quizzes in the manual test reading skills with a new text related to the ones in the unit. There are comprehension and main idea questions for it. Since students are not required to learn the information, they can go through the book fairly quickly. It is probably necessary to go through the first unit slowly, but after that suggest that the students doabout one lesson vogether in claseand oneas homework each day. The students can do a lesson together in class. The instructor can then read the next text and assign that lesson for homework. The next day he or she can go over the assignment in class, do another lession, and assign another. Students should read. each text two or three times as homework. At the end of each leseon they should test themselveson the boldface vocabulary itemeand memozizeany that they haven'tlearned through use. Of course lessons never come out exactly to fit this schedule, but a class should be able to complete the book in an eight-week program with, classes that meet every day, or in'a semester program where classes meet less frequently. Students should learn all of the material in the word study sections. It is all basic material that they need to know. The explanations are purposely very simple 90 that students can understand them: Most instructors will want to give further explanations as thay present each part. ‘There isample material for class discussions if the t 2 t is used in conjunction with aspokon English class. Otherwise, there is no need to dis” ss the content of the lessons, except to verify comprehension. ‘There are no timed readings. Students should he allowed to read at their own speed 50 that they have time to notice everything they possibly can about the English language. ixQuizzes ‘Thereisashort quiz for Lessons land 260 that the instructor can test the atudents, during the first week of classes. This quiz includes questions on the lessone on the kiwi and the camel, All the other quizzes are unit tests. They include a vocahtllary question like the first two exercises in the lessons. There is a short reading passage with comprehension and main idea questions. There arealso questions on the material in the Word Study sections, Bach quiz has 25 to 40 questions. The students should be able to do the quizzes in about 18 to 20 minutes, allowinga half minute for cach item.THE KIWI a 3 ‘The kiwi lives only in. New Zealand. It is. a very atrange bird because it cannot fly. The kiwi is the same size as a chicken. It has no wings or tail. It does not haveany feathers like other birds. It has hair on its body. Each foot has four toes. Its beak (mouth? is very long. A kiwi likes a lot of trees around it. It sleeps during the day because the sunlight hurts itseyes. ‘It can amell things with ita noae. Itia the only bird in the world that can smoll things. The kiwi'seggs are very big. ‘There are only a few kiwis in New Zealand now. People neversce them. The government says ‘that people cannot kiwis. New Zealanders want their kiwis to live, ‘There is a picture of a kiwion New Zealand money. People from New Zoaland are sometimes called kiwis, ™~ oe osFACTS AND FIGURES AVocabulary Put the right word in the blanks. The sentences are from the text. government smell during kiwi ill size fly only wings chicken beak tail strange hurts feathers body 1. It sleeps the day because the sunlight its eyes 2 Itisavery bird because it cannot 3. The says that people cannot kill kiwis. 4. Itcan things with its nose. 5. Ithasno or : 6. The ives in NewZealand. 7. It does not have any like other birds. & Its (mouth) is very long. 9. The kiwi is the same asachicken. B. Vocabulary (new context) Put the right word in the blanks. These are new sentences for the same words. during pictures kiwi only size smells wings hair hurts strange tail feathers trees government. — fly beak 1 The and a few other birds cannot fly 2. Abluebird has blue 3 Some students have a scholarship from their 4. Anairplanecan because it has 5. What are you cooking? It can't walk on it. 6. My leg Toan’t walk on it. 7. Most cats have a long 8. Aperson hasa mouth. Abird has a : 9. Some students are very They want to learn English but they don't come to class.ANIMALS 1 10. Icannot Buy this shirt. Ihave three dollars. 11. Whar shoes do you wear? 12. Most people work the day and sleep at night. C. Questions ‘The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. ‘Where does the kiwi live ? ‘What is a kiwi ? How big isa kiwi ? . Does a kiwi have feathers ? Does it havea tail and wings ? How many toes does it have ? When does a kiwi sleep ? . Can most birds emell 7 Why can’t people kill. kiwis ? ‘Why does the New Zealand government have a picture of a kiwi on its money? Boeradaspeny 1 D. Comprehension: True/False Write T if the sentence is true. Write F if it is not true. The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. You cannot find it in the text. 1. Kiwis live in Australia and New Zealand. 2. Akiwi hasa tail but no wings. 9. A kiwi hasa big beak. 4, It sleeps during the day because light hurts its eyes. *5. You can see a kiwi in some zoos. 6. The New Zealand government does not want all the kiwis to die. 7. Akiwi is like most other birds. E. Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. L. The kiwi is a strange New Zealand bird. 2. The kiwi sleeps during the day and has no tail or wings. - 3. New Zealanders like kiwis.THE CAMEL ‘The camel ean go without water for a long time. Some people think it stores water in its hump. This is not true. It stores food in its hump. The camel's body changes the food into fat. Then it stores the fat in its hump. It cannot store the fat all Gver ite body. Fat all over an animal's body keeps the animal warm. Camels live in the desert. They do not want to be warm during the day. ‘The desert is very hot. The camel gets hotter and hotter during the day. It stores this heat in ite body because the nights are cool. ‘The Arabian camel has one hump. The Bactrian camel of Central Asia has two humps. It alo has long thick hair because the winters are cold in 15 Central Asia. ‘There is a lot of sand in the desert. The camel has long eyelashes. The sand cannot go into the camel’ eyes. Arabic has about 150 words to deserihe a 20 camel. Arabs need all these words because the came] is very important to them. Pa 3 noun for hot a litte cold too above = more ot less / describe = tell aboutANIMALS 1 A.Vopabulary Put the right word in the blanks, The sentences are from the text. POR EN oF em allover during eyelashes «hump also cool thick desert stores camel describe winters sand about fat. heat Arabic has 150 words to a camel. The can go without watér for a long time. ‘The camel has long Some people think it water in its Camels live in h has long air because the winters are cold in Central Asia. Te cannot store the fat its body Ie stores this in its body because the nights are B. Vocabulary (new context) Put the right word in the blanks. These are new sentences for the same words. we sogae alao winters about hotter camels cool heat desert during food allover describe bump eyelashes thick store We milk, fruit, and vegetables in the reffigerator. Fall is in Canada, Winter is oold. Winter is onl in the Soviet Union. Can you an elephant? What does it look like? There are different animals the world. Somé camels have one and some have two. Some people have long on their eyes Tt does not rain very much in theFACTS AND FIGURES 8. “Mark's engineering textbook is very It has more than 1000 pages. 9. We cook food with from astove. 10. Not many Arabs ride on . Now they use cars. 11. Tom ia 25 years old. Maybe he is 24 or 27. C. Questions 1. Where do camels live? 2. What does a camel store in its hump? 3. The camel doesn’t store fat all over its body. Why? 4, Why does it store heat during the day? 6. Which camet has one hump? Which has two? 6. Why does a Bactrian camel have long thick hair? 7, Why does a camel need long eyelashes? 8. Why does Arubie have 150 words to describe a camel? D. Comprehension Put a circle around the letter of the best answer, 1. The camel can go without for along time. a. food ¢. fat b. water a. heat 2. Ieetores in its hump. a. water ©. food b, heat 4. hair 3. The camel has one hump a. Arabian b. Bactrian 4. Long keep sand out of the camel’s eyes. a. thick hair c. eyelashes b, homps dearsANIMALS 1 5. ‘The Baetrian camel hae long thick hair because a it lives in a hot desert c. winters are cold in Central Asia ». it stores fat in its hump: d. the sand gets in its eyes E, Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text. 1. There are two kinds of camels. 2 ‘The camel has a good body for life in the desert. 3. The camel stores food in its hump.10 20 THE POLAR BEAR The polar bear is a very big white bear. We call it the polar bear because it lives inside the Arctic Circle near the North Pole. There are no Polar bears at the South Pole ‘The polar bear tives in the snow and ice. At the North Pole there is only snow, ice, and water. ‘There is not any land. You cannotsee the polar bear in the snow because its coat is yellow-white. It has avery warm coat because the weather is cold north of the Arctic Circle. . ‘This bear is 3 meters long and it weights 450 kilos. It can stand upon its back legs because it has very wide feet. It can use its front legs like arms. ‘The polar bear can swim very well. Itcan swim 120 kilometers out into the water. It catches fish and sea animals for food. It goes into the sea when it is afraid. People like to kill the polar bear for its beautif:! white coat, The governments of Canada, the United States, and the Soviet Union say that noone c." Fill polar bear's now. They do not want all of these beautiful animals to die.ANIMALS [ A.Vocabulary Put the right word in the sentences. The sentences are from the text. polar South North warm kilos catches. «sland weighs wide ea afraid inside bear snow swim ice ‘The polar bear lives in the and sere oe 10. ‘The polar isa very big white bear. Tt goes into the sea when it is . Ithasa very coat because the weather is cold north of the Arctic Circle. ‘There are no polar bears at the Pole. The polar bear ean very weil ‘We call it the polar Lear because it lives inside ube Arctic Circle near the Pole. It fish and sea animals for food. This bear is 3 meters long, and it 450 kilos. It can stand up on its back legs because it has very feet. B. Vocabulary (new context) Put the right word in the blanks. These are new sentences for the same words. SAA ee Ne swim afraid North South warm weigh ive wide snow coat, «beara catch, There are brown and black in North America. How much do you, ? Fifty kilos? Winter is cold. Spring is Fall is coot Sometimes children are of animals De you like to in aswimming pool? Italy is of France. “There is all over Canada in the winter, Do you want some in your Coke? 1FACTS AND FIGURES 9. The Sahara Desert is in Africa. 10. Tenth Street isa treet. A jot of cars can goon it at the same time, 11. Can you the ball? C. Vosabalary Review Put C before the words about camels. Put K before the words about kiwis. Some of the words are not about camels or kiwis. stores heat in itabody eyelashes hurap beak tail desert bigeggs wing goes without water hair on ita body long thick hair feather D. Questions ‘The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer. ‘Why do we call this bear the polar bear? ‘Why can’t people see the polar bear very well? Why does it have a warm coat? How much does it weigh ? What does it oat ? Where does it go when it is afraid ? Why do people like to kill the polar bear? ‘What do the governments of the Soviet Union, the United States and Canada cay? *9. Cana polar bear live near New Zealand? *10. Why doesn’t a polar bear eat fruit or vegetables? eNeakene E, Comprehension 1. The polar bear lives . a. at the South Pole ¢. near the North Pole b. in warm countries don land 12ANIMALS 1 2. At the North Pole there is no . a. ice ¢. snow b, water dland 8. You cannot see the polar bear in the snow because a. it has a yellow-white coat ¢. it can run very fast d. it goes under the snow d. it goes into the water 4. ‘The polar bear for food. a. catches land animals ¢. catches sea animals and fish D. locks for trees 4. looks for fruit and vegetables 5. When the polar bear is afraid, it . a. goes into the sea ©. runs away b, goes under the snow d. stands up on its wide feet 6. ‘The governments of the Soviet Union, Canada, and the United States say that a. the polar bear is beautiful ‘¢. noone can kill the polar bear ‘b. it has a warm coat 4d. it cannot live near the North Pole F. Main Idoa 1, People like to kill polar bears because they have beautiful warm yellow-white coats. 2. Polar bears live inside the Arctic Circle in the snow and ice. 3. Polar bears live inside the Arctic Circle, eat fish and sea animals, and have warm yellow-white coats. 13THE HIPPOPOTAMUS ‘The hippopotamus lives in the hot part of Africa It isa mammal. that is, its babies are born alive, and they drink milk from the mother's body. ‘The hippopotamusisa large animal. It weighs 5 four tons. Its stomach is 7 meters long, but the hippopotamus eats only plants. It isamammal but it spends a lot of time in the water. ~ During the day it sleeps beside a river or a Jake Sometimes it wakes up. then itgoesunder the 10 water to get some.plants for food, It can close its noseand stay under water for ten minutes. Itsars, eyes, and nose are high up on its head. It can stay with its body under the water andonlyitsears, eyes, and nose above the water. Then it can 18 breathe the air. Atnight the hippo walkson the land and looks for food. It never goes very far from the water. A baby hippo often stands on its mother's back. The mother looks for food underwater. The 20 baby rides on her back above water. 4ANIMALS 1 SeNe A. Vocabulary stomach stay — beside = mammal breathe * lake plants spends above alive large high ‘The hippopotamus is a animal. During the day it sleeps ariverora Iisa Its is 7 meters long, but the hippopotamus eats only Tt can close its nose and under water for 10 minutes. Tecan stay with its body under water and only its ears, eyes, and nose the water. Then it can the air. Tt is a mammal, but it alot of time in the water. Its eyes, ears and nose are up on its head. B. Vocabulary (new context) n * 2 pox beside Lake mammal stomach plants stays breathe ~=—nose large above spend high The camel is a but the kiwi is a bird. Food goes from your mouth into your How do you smell a beautiful flower? You in with your nose, Camels eat Polar bears and kiwis eat meat. want to talk to you. Please sit me. Tom likes to his free time in the Student Union, He there a few hours every day. . Birds ean fly the trees. . Geneva is a beautiful lake in Switzerland. ‘The polar bear is a animal. It ie very big. New York has a lot of buildings. 16C. Vocabulary Review FACTS AND FIGURES: Put a circle around the letter of the best answer 1 Canyou a polar bear? What does it look like? a hurt c.catch b. describe d store ‘2. Many birds fly in the winter toa warmer place. a. north c.south b. wing 4. wide 3. These birds fy in the summer toa cooler place. a north c.south b. wing d. wide 4. Roses beautiful aswim ¢-sinel} beaten dort 5. The kiwiisa bird a. strange c. hurt b, warm a. wide 6 My hand -Tean’t write. a flies c. smells b. catches hurts D. Questions 1, Where does the hippopotamus live? *2. Isakiwia mammal? 3. How long isa hippo’s stomach? 4, Does a hippo eat meat? 5. Why does a hippo go under water? 6, How can it stay under water for 10 minutes? *7, Can it breath under water? Why? 8. What doen it-do at night? 9. Where does a baby hippo ride? ¥10. Isabeara mammal? 16ANIMALS | E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information Put'T if the sentence is true. Put F if it is false. Put NI if there is no information about the sentence. Hippo babies are born alive. Birds and hippos eat plants. Hippos live under water A hippo can close its eyes. A hippo breathes under water, Ahippo looks for food on the land during the day. A hippo has long eyelashes to keep water out of its‘eyes. NOFA SNP F. Main Idea 1. The hippopotamus is a large African animal that spends a lot of time in the water and eats plants, 2. The hippopotamus has eyes, ears, and nose high upon its head 3. The hippopotamus walks on the land at night, and it eats and sleeps during the day 17THE DOLPHIN Can dolphins talk? Maybe they can’t talk with, words, but they talk with sounds, They show their feeling with sounds. . Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish a "school". Dolphins don't study, but they travel together. Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school. Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they 10 are happy or sad or afraid. They say "Welcome" when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play. They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds underwater. People cannot 18 hear these sounds because they are very, very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them. Sometimes people catch a dolphin for a large aquarium, (An aquarium is a 200 for fish). People can watch the dolphins is a show. Dolphins den’t 90 like to be away from their school in an aquarium. ‘They are sad and lonely. There are many atories about dolphins. Dolphins holp people. Sometimes they save somebody's life. Dolphing meat is good, but people don’t like to kill gs dolphins. People say that dolphins bring good luck, ‘Many people believe this. ” 18ANIMALS I A. Vocabulary together, = mammals travel__ believe dolphins lonely group aquarium save show sounds scientists Delphine ina Sometimes they somebody "life Can talk? Sometimes people catch a dolphin for a large ‘They are sad and They their feelings with sounds, take tapes of their sounds and study them. Many people this Dolphins don't study but they travel 19. Maybe they can’t talk with words, but they tall: with Carn anaene B. Vocabulary (new context) lonely dolphins — together save sounds believe scientists aquarium show travel feelings group 1 The isa mammal but it lives in the sea. 2. Many students ata large university feel ‘They don’t have many friends. 3. Doyou like to to different countries? 4, Please ‘me your composition. 5. Children like to play in the snow. 6 There isa of Omani etudents in our class 7. Isittrue? Do you it? 8 study animals and many other things. 9. There are many interesting fish and 9ea animals at an 10. You must your money. Don’t spend it on a new car. LL It is difficult te pronounce some English. WgFACTS AND FIGURES C. Vocabulary Review Put these words under the right titles. Some words go under more than one title, 1. Parts of an Animal's Body —_2. Parts of a Person’s Body eyelashes hump wing feather tail beak nose = arm leg stomach hand eyes D. Questions 1. Can doiphins talk? 2, What is a school of dolphins? 3, What do dolphins talk about? 4, When do they say "Welcome"? 5, Do they make more sounds above or underwater? 6 Can people hear dolphins sounds? Why? 7, How does a dolphin feel in an aquarium? +8, Do dolphins bring good luck? “9, Dolphins are not fish. What ia the difference between dolphins and fish? E. Comprehension 1. Dolphins talle with . a, words . sounds ». their hands d. music 2. Dolphins talls when they . a. play ¢. show listen a kill 3. They make more sounds a. above water ¢, for tapes b. underwater din school 4. Scientists study of dolphins. a shows. © aquariums b. schoois 4. tapes 20ANIMALS 1 Dotphins like to be : a at.an aquarium lonely b. in their school . d.on tapes 6. What sentence is not true? a, Adolphin can save a person's life b. People like to watch dolphins. ¢. Dolphins always bring good luck. 4. A dolphins can talk with sounds, F. Main Idea, 1. Dolphins use words to show how they feel and to give information, 2. Dolphins travel together and talk with sounds. 3. Dolphins live in the sea and in aquariums. 4. The dolphins is a mammal, and scientists can tape it 2FACTS AND FIGURES WORD STUDY A. Poasessive Pronouns ‘These pronouns show that something belongs to somebody Example: My ear is new. ‘Their hair is thick. plural I+ my we + our you- your you your she- her they - their he - his it - its Put the right pronoun in the blanks. 1. The camel stores food in hump. 2. Maria likes classes this year. 3. Luse dictionary overy day. 4. Polar bears use front legs like arms. 5. Do youhave cassette tapes with you” 6 Scientist listen to tapes. 7. Caries and his family swim in pool every day & David drives car to class. 9, We go te the university on cycles. 10. Ababy hippo rides on mother’s back. B. Verbs - Present Tense Put an ¢ on the simple verb for the present tense, De not put an s with I, you, we or they. adolphin plays I play agil plays you play aman plays we play she plays they play he plays it plays 29ANIMALS | C. Spelling ‘When a simple verb ends in y with a consonant before it, change the y to i and add ~es, fly ~ flies study — studies ‘When a simple verb ends in y with a vowel before it, add -s, play ~ plays say ~ says When a simple verb ends in 8, ch, sh, x, or z, add -es. catch — catches finish - finishes Irregular ge — goes do - does have — has be - am. is, are Change each sentence and make a new one. Use the word in parentheses. You must change some pronouns too. Example: (1) They study every day. Tatudy every day. ‘apolar bear) 1. We catch fish and eat them. (they? 2. Mike uowally flies home. w 3. Betty has a beautiful plant in her living room. (people! 4, David likes dolphin shows. owe? 5. They travel only in the summer. x dolphin) 6 You play in the water. they) 7, We go swimming in a lake in summer. (Tom) 8. Tusually finish my work early. (amammal) 9. People are born alive. (Ann and Bill) 10. Alidoes his homework in the afternoon. D. Comparisons Sometimes we compare two things. We tell how they are different. Add -er to short words (words with only one syllable) to compare two things. Use than, Example: A camels big. A polar bear is bigger than a camel. Carlos is twenty years old. David is eighteen. Carles is older than David 23FACTS AND FIGURES Spelling: When a word has one syllable with one vowel in the middle and one comsanant at the end, double the consonant and add ~er. this is the one-oneone ‘1-1-1 rute. Example: big - bigger hot — hotter Put the right. comparison form in the sentence. (strange) 1. Akiwiis abivebird. (hick) 2. A Bactrian camel's hair is an Arabian camel's hair thow 3, Omanis Switzerland (warm) 4 Italy is France (large! 8. Saudi Arabia is Kuwait talb 6, Marieis Masako, (aT. dehnis than Robert (young) 8. My-sister is my brother. teold) 9, Tee is water. Gmall) 10. Adolphin is apolar bear. KE. Context Clues Sometimes you can understand a new word from the other words in the sentence. Read each sentence. Then choose the meaningof thenew word. Do not use your dictionary. These are new words for the next unit. 1. Acatcan climb a tree. A came! cannot. a.situnder walle near b goup 4d. fly into 2 Fish live in lakes, rivers, and oceans. a, seas , trees 6. north d. south 3. Queen Elizabeth Il isa very famous woman. a. everyone likes her b. everyone studies about her in English class ¢. everyone knows about her everyone talks to her 24ANIMALS | 10. Ww 12. It is easy to make a salad. Mix some lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumber a. put together ¢. take out of the refrigerator beat 4 buy Indonesia, the Phitippines, Senegal, and Cuba are in the tropics a hot, dry countries ¢. cold, wet countries b. cold, dry countries 4. hot, wet countries. Pau! enjoys sports. He plays socoer and basketball. He watches sports on television. a. looks at ©. plays » likes 4. watches A Ping-Pong ball is small. A basketball is large. aold new b. little a. big A polar bear runs toward the sea when it is afraid. a from 6. to bin dof Mrs, Mora feeds her birds every day. a. washes ©. Saves b. breathes d. gives food to Both Isamu and Kumike are from Japan. a, the twoof them. c. the five of them >. novany d.all of them This is a difficult problem: 7,958,395 — 9687. 4 not easy cv easy b. thick a cool Mr. Baker is 75 years old so he can’t play baseball. a. He likes to play baseball ¢. He plays baseball every day. b. He doesn’t want to play baseball, d. He can’t play baseball because he is 75 years old, 25FACTS AND FIGURES 13° Mr. Baker is 75. He can’t hear sounds very well, He is deaf. a. can't eee ¢. can’t hear Db. can't walle dean’trun 14. Tom wants a whole sandwich. I want only half of a sandwich, a. allofit c, some of it Db. part of it 4.1/4 of it 26HOW? WHY?WHY ARE ELEVATORS IMPORTANT? An elevator is wonderful. It is really only a small room. Rooms usually stay in one place. Elevators travel up and down all day long, Sometimes a worker stands in the elevator, He or she runs it up and down. In modern elevators there is no worker. The people walk in. ‘They know what floors they want. They push a button and the elevator goes to that floor. It is all very fast and easy 10 Blevators are very important to us. Why? Think about a tall building. Maybe it has twenty floors. Maybe it has fifty or more. Who can walk up all those stairs? Maybe people can climb tiem one time. Can somepne climb thirty floors 15 toan office every day? Can small children walk up to their apartments on the twenty-fourth floor? Can their mother and father carry food up all those stairs? Of course not. We can have high buildings because we have 20 elevators. We could not have all che beautiful tall, buildingsin the world withoutelevators. They are really wonderful. 29FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary worker stairs apartment elevator Dutton wonderful. modern carry really climb office could i, Who can walk up all those 2, An 3. Can their mother and father food up all those stairs? 4 this only asmall room. 5. Maybe people can them one time. 6. They pusha and the elevator goes to that floor. 7m elevators there is no worker. ow We not have all the beautiful tall buildings in the world without elevators. B. Vocabulary (new context) ter en stairs modern could elevator really _floor worker climb buttons wonderful carry push Tokyo has a lot of high buildings. It isa city. You usually breathe hard when you walk up a lot of ‘A group of people can ride together in an . Abus can alot of people at one time Dolphins cannot talk. They use sounds, not words, Modern telephones have the numbers on Cats like to trees. Children think that a z00 isa place to visit. ‘you please help me for a minute? ©. Vocabulary Review 30 breathe describe buside sound group together _ believe save scientists show aquarium lonely during store all over coolerHOW? WHY? ue ps Peas 8 Can you an aquarium? Tell me about one. Some teach at universities and some work in laboratories. ‘There are two emall tables the eofa. ‘There are beautiful plants the park. Don't walk to-class every day. Buy a bicycle. You can time. Tdon’t you, It isn’t true Keiko is She wants to see her friends and family. Maria and Tonh usually study An ie an interesting place to visit. Itis ‘under a tree than in the sun. D. Questions POR ONE What is an elevator really? How isan elevator different from other rooms? Does a worker run a modern elevator? How do people make an elevator go up and down? Can people walk up twenty or forty floors every day? Why can we have high building? E. Comprehension 1 An elevator isa small a. room c. stairs: b. building 4. button In modern elevators there is no . a. button ¢. worker b. fight d. travel An elevator travels a. inside and outside c. under and above b inandout d. upand down. 3LHicuREs 4. People climb thirty floors every day. a. like to” ©.can b. cannot want to 3 We have because we have elevators, a high buildings ©. old buses bnew cars a. wide streets F. Main Idea 1. People cannot climb a lot of floors in a tall building 2. Wecan have high buildings because we have elevators 3. An elevator is a small room. a2WHY IS THE SE SALTY? 10 18 20 There is a lot of salt on the earth, and it mixes very well with water. ‘Phere is some salt in all water. Water on the land runs into lakes and rivers. These rivers run into the seas and oceans. They carry a little salt, with them. Some of the ocean water moves into the air and clouds. It evaporates. Salt cannot evaporate. It stays in the ocean ‘Phe water in the oceans has more salt than river water, Ocean water is about. 32% (three anda half percent) salt. Some seas have moresalt chan others. Some lakes de not have a river to carry the water and salt away. Some of the water leaves the lakes. It evaporates, but the salt cannot. These lakes are very salty. ‘There are two famous lakes like this. Theyare the Dead Seain the Middle East, and Great Salt Lake in the state of Utah in the Unites States. They are much saltier than the At- Jantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. world a3FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary evaporates salt leaves percent stays moves clouds land oceans - earth mixes famous 1. Ocean water is about three and a half salt. 2. There isalot of ‘on the andit very well with the water. 3. Some of the water the lakes. 4. There are two Jakes like this. 5. These rivers ran into the seas and 6. Some of the ocean water into the air and 7 Te B. Vocabulary (new context) Ad #2 PwePE we 34 evaporates earth percent ocean. salt state earth mix clouds others water famous moves river leave ‘Two of the students have to tho class early. ‘The ie round. It around the sun, Most people put on their food. Muhammad Ali wasa boxer. Some people put sugar in their coffee. Then they it with @ spoon. . Some of the water in a swimming pool The Pactic is bigger than the Atlantic Ocean ‘There are beautiful white in the sky today Bighty of the class are men.How? WHY? . Vocabulary Review Underline the word that does not belong with the other two. Example: red, book, blue 200, aquarium, university lake, enow, ice elevator, stairs, car together, modern, new polar bear, dotphin, kiwi carry, climb, walk up cook, warm, thick scientist, teacher, saltier PsuSAeeENe D. Questions What does salt mix well with? Is there salt in lakes and rivers? Where does river water go? ‘Where does some of the ocean water go? ‘Where does the salt in the ocean go? Which has tore salt, rivers or oceans? Why are some lakes very salty? ‘Name two famous salty lakes. What is Utah? Where is it? 10. Which is saltier, the Atlantic Ocean or the Dead Sea? “LL Are there fish in the Dead Sea? PRARAAwNE E. Comprehension: True/False 1. Salt mixes with water. *2. Clouds have salt in them. 3. Water on the land moves into lakes and rivers. 4. There is salt in rivers. 5, Rivers have more salt than oceans. 6. Salt evaporates 7. Ocean water is about 2-1/4% allt. *8. Water leaves some lakes only in rivers. 9. Great Salt Lake is in the United States. gaFACTS AND FIGURE F. Main Idea 1, The sea ig salty because water evaporates and salt doesn't. 2. Phe sea is salty because rivers run into oceans. 3. Water moves from the land to rivers to oceans to clouds and to the land again. 46HOW CAN A PLANT KILL? People kill. Animals kill. Animals and people kill for food or they Isll thelr enemies. People and antmais can move around and find something to kil. They can run away from an enemy. They can 5 kill it If it ie necescary. Many kinds of animals eat plants. The plants cannot run away from their enemies. Some planta make poison. If an animal eats part of the plant, it gets sick or dies, Animals learn to stay away from 10 these plants. There are many kinds of plants that make poison. Most of them grow in the desert or in the tropics, Today farmers use many kinds of poison on their farms. Most of these poisons come from 15 petroleum, but petroleum is expensive, Scientists collect poisonous piants and study them. Maybe farmers can use ehemp poison from plants instead of expensive poison from petroleum. chemies # fiends hat, wet counmes costs a fot cheap % expensive atFACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary kill tropics farmers instead of enemies scientiste poison cheap plant if grow farms kinds runaway — collect expensive 1. Many of animals eat plants. 2. Animale and people kill for food or they kill their 3. Today use many kinds of poison on their 4. Scientists poisonous plants and study them 5. Some plants make . 6, Maybe farmers can use poigon from plants expensive poison from petroleum. 7. Moat of them in the desert or in the 8. They can killit it is necessary. Moat of these poisons come from petroleum, but petroleum is B. Vocabulary (new context) ABT H ON expensive tropics petroleum — grow cheap scientist collect if instead of farm kind kil most farmers poikor. enemies David's family has a big . His family are A Mercedes Beng isan __' car, Please come to the Student Union at 12:00 youcan. Malaysia, Togo, and Nigeria are in the . Please write the answers on paper in the book. Ali, please ‘all the students’ papers. Some things we use in the garden are ‘We must keep them away from children. . Poople are the only of polar bears.HOW? WHY? 9, What of car dé you have? 10. clothes are not usually very good. 1. Children very fast. They need new clothes every few months. ©. Vocabulary Review Find a word or words in Column B that mean the same as a word in Column A Write the letter and word from Column B beside the word from Column A. The first one ia done for you. Column A Cotumn B 4. world 1 earth a. BO 2. ocean bd % 3. large ©. new 4. climb 4d. world 3. percent e. goup 6. together f. take air into the body 7 warm g alittle hot 8. ool h. ova 9 leave i. button 10. modern i big li. breathe i. lonely 1 alittle cold m. ina group D. Questions 1 Why do people and animals kill? 2, Can plants run away from an enemy? 3. What do some plants make? 4. What happens to an animal that eats this poison? 5. What do Animals learn about these planta? 6. Where do most poisonous plants grow? "7, Why do farmers use poison on their farm? & Where do most poisons com from? 9. Why do scientists collect and study poisonous plants? aqFACTS. AND) FIGURES: B, Comprehension, 1. Animais and people kill their . a poisons ©. plants b. enemies 4. farmers 2 cannot move around. a Plans ¢. Farmers b. Animals 4 Scientists 3. Ananimal if it eats a poisonous plant. a gets sick or dies €. moves arnune b. runsaway d. studies the poison 4, Most poisonous plants grow in the desert or in the a, farms © Arctie Circle b. tropics d laboratories 5 use many kinds of poisons a Scientists c, Farmers b. Workers 4. Animals 8. Most of these poisons come from . a. plants ©. petroleum b. deserts . the tropics 7. Scientists Poisonous plants, a use c. buy b. runaway from d collect 8 Poison from plants is than poison from petroleum. a. cheaper ¢. more expensive b, more afraid 4. cooler F, Main Idea 1. Some plants make poisons, and maybe farmers can use them. 2 Plants make poison because they cannot run away from their enemies. 3. Scientists study poisonous plants because farmers want to use them. mnHOW CAN WE HAVE FARMS IN THE SEA? Farmers grow plants and animals on their farms. Is ivalso possible to havea farm in the sea? People in many countries grow fresh water nut sally fish from eggs. They move the small fish into lakes 5 and rivers. The fish live and grow there. People go fishing in these lakes and rivers. They enjoy like catching fish. Fish is also good food Now Japan grows salt water fish. Most of them are yellowtail fish. Workers grow the fish . 10 fromeggs Every timethey feed the fish, theyplay give fond to tapes of piane music. The fish learn that piano inusie means food. When the fish are small, the Japanese put title them in theocean near theland. The fish find some 15 of their own food, Workers also feed them. They play the same piano music. ‘The Gish already know this music. Theyswim towarditandfindthe food. 1 Ina few months the fish are large. ‘The Japanese play the same music, The fish swim toward it and 20 the workers catch thenr ‘The Japanese get about 15 percent of their seaivod frum farms in the ocean 41FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary music piano fresh ~—poasible seafood: small toward Jakes already own food = enjoy 1. When the fish are , the Japaneso pur them in the ocean near the land. 2. Isitaleo to have a farm in the sea? 3. The fish know this music. 4, They swim, it. 5. People in many countries grow ‘water fish from eggs. 6. They. catching fish. 7. Every time they the fish, they play tapes of 8. The fish find eome of their food. . Vocabulary (new context) feed small possible toward. near fresh = music. own enjoy swim already piano ‘The Honda isa car,” ‘We cannot drink sea water. We drink water You know a lot of English words. Rivers run the sea, Is it to travel to the moon? De you snow and cold weather? Can you play the ? Do you enjoy listening to Babies cannot cook their own food. We have to thom. 10, Do you ride to class with a friend or do you have your car? Sesongeene 42,HOw? WHY? C. Vocabulary Review : Match each word in Column A with its opposite word in Colurnn B. Write the letter and word from Column B next to the word in Column A. The firet answer is done for you. ‘Column A Column B 1 eo) a. white 2. black _b. true 3 north ©. modern 4. cannot 4. warm 5. travel e. stay home 6. false f. cloud 7. old g save 8. leave h. mix 9. spend i. south 10. under i stay kk. can 1 above D. Questions 1. Isit possible to have a farm in the ocean? 2. Why do people grow frech water fish? 3. What country grows salt water fish? 4, What do the Japanese do when they feed the fish? 5. What do the fiah learn? 6. When do the workers put the fish in the ocean? ‘7 When do the workers play the same piano music? 8. Why do the fish swim toward this music? 9. Why do the workers play music when the fish are large? 10. How much food does Japan get from fish farms in the ocean? * Li. De these fish like piano music? Why? *12. Why are fish farms inportant to the world?FACTS AND FIGURES E, Comprehension : True/False 1, Peopie can grow fresh water and salt water fish. 2, The Japanese move the fish into the sea when they are large. 3. Piano music means food to most people. “4, Fish and birds grow from eggs 5. All fish think that piano music means food. 6. The Japanese use piano musie to eatch fish. 7. Fish on ocean farms find some of their own food 8. The Japanese grow about 6 percent of their salt water fish on farms. F. Main Idea 1. ‘The Japanese use piano music on their salt water farms. 2. tis possible to grow fresh water fish and salt water fish on farms 3. The Japanese get about 15 percent of their seafood from farms. 44HOW DO DEAF PEOPLE TALK? Deaf peopie cannot hear sounds. How do they “hear” words and talk? Deaf people use American Sign Language LASL1. They taik with their hands. Sometimes two deaf people talk to each other. They both use ASL. Soretimes a person who can hear interprets for deat people. The person listens to someone talking, anc chen he or she makes hand signs. ‘There aretwo kindsofsign language. One kind has.asign for every letter m the alphabet. The per- son spells every word. This is finger pelling. The other kind has a sign for every word. There are about 5,000 of these signs, They are signs for verbs, things and ideas. ‘Some of the signs are very easy, for example, eat, milk, and house. You can see what they mean. Others are more difficult, for example. star. egg. ‘or week People from any country can earn ASL. They ‘use signs, not words, so they can understand people from other countries ASLis almost! a dance. The whole body talks. American Sign Language is a beautiful lan- guage. ovo of therm aRFACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary ideas deaf difficult star each other example interpreta both 0 whole sign dance 1. Others are more ; for example, 8B, or week. : 2. Sometimes two deaf people talk to 3. They vse ASL. 4 people cannot hear sounds, 6 almost like a : 6. The body talks. 7. Sometimes a person who can hear for deaf people. 8, They use signs, not. words, they can understand poople from other countries. 9. Deaf people uee American Language. 10. ‘They are signs for verbs, things, and B. Vocabulary (new context) difficult so finger dance deaf eachother idea stars sign interprets both «= whole. 1. The class wanta to have a party. This is a good 2. Mary cannot hear anything. She is 3. Ali works for the government. He Arabic and English. 4 Alarge says "No Smoking” 5. Massako and Carlos speak English to . 6 Nadia and David study engineering 7. You cannot see the in the sky during the daytime. 8 Japanese isa language. English is easy. 9 [eis lave ‘we cannot study any more. 10. The class is here today. Everyone is here. 11. There isa for foreign students on Saturday. 46How? WHY? C. Vocabulary Review evaporates famous clouds enemies kind expensive if cheaper poison colect tropics instead of possible music already enjoy 1 Therearealotof inthe sky today. It is cloudy. 2. Dogs and cats are . 3, Michael Jackson isa inger. 4, The weather is hot and wet in the 5. Doyou movies? 6 What of bicycle do you have ? 7. Please tell me I talk too fast. 8. Water into the air. 9. Itis 8:58 and the students are in their seats for their nine o'clock class 10, Are apartments or cheap in your city? LL Abicyeleis than a car. 12. Some students listen to when they study. D. Questions 1. How do deaf people "talk"? 2, ‘How does a person interpret for deaf people? +3. How many signs are there for finger spelling? 4. How many word signs are there? 5. Why are somesigns easy? 6 1. *8. ‘Why can people from different countries talk to each other with ASL? Why is ASL almost like a dance? ‘Why is ASL a beautiful language? 47FACTS AND FIGURES E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information Deaf people cannot hoar sounds A person who interprets for deaf people cannot hear. There are more signs for words than for letters, Japanese use ASL. Finger spelling has signs for numbers. Africans cannot learn ASL because they don’t speak English. Only the hands move in ASL It is difficult for children to learn ASL. IAM A whe ~ F. Main Idea 1. ASL helps deaf people talk, but it is difficult to learn. 2. There are two kinds of sign language 4. ASL is a beautiful language that helps deaf people talk to others 48HOW? WHY? WORD STUDY A. Questions : Present Tense be : Pur be before the coniplete subject. subject verb Example Fish are animals. Are fish animals? other verbs: Put do/does at the beginning of the sentence. Use the simple verb. subject verb Example Workers move the fish into the sea. Do workers move the fish into the sea? Aworker moves the fish. Does a worker move the fish? Change each sentence to a question. A large house is expensive. Bill does his homework in the afternoon. Rivers run toward the ocean. People drink fresh water Mary is a good tennis player. Helen feeds her cat every morning David has his own ear An elevator goes up and down. Kiwis are strange birds. 10. Lamlate CHIH ne wlee B. There ia/there are Use There is before a singuigr noun. Then use it, Example: ‘There is an elevator in our apartment building. It is near the stairs, 4gFACTS AND FIGURES ‘Use There are before a plural noun. Then use They. Example : ‘There are farms in the sea. They are in Japan. ‘Look at the noun after the blank. then write There is or There are in the first blank. Write it or they in the second blank. 1 2 a kiwi in our zoo. sleepe during the day. two black bears also. come from Canada, a chair beside the window. is blue. wonderful mountains in India. are in the north. buttons in the elevator. have lighte inside them. a famous park in New York. has alot of big trees. some beautiful birds in the zoo. come from the tropics. a. small piano in the hall. is for the student program tonight. C.~er = a person Example: Mr. Brown is.a teacher. He teaches English. Add - er to each word, Then put the new words in the blanks. Use the plural if it is necessary. play work interpret speak 1. Keilo isan 2 Mr.and Mrs. Clark are 3. Sarah Green isa wonderful North Amorica. 50 farm box listen sing She speaks both Japanese and Engtish. They have a large cotton farm. . She sings in Europe aridHOW? WHY? 4. There are seven Arabic. in the class. 5. Billig nota good . He talks all the time and doean’t listen. 6. Abdullah is a very good soccer D. Compound Words Acompound word is two words together. They make one word. The meaning is like the meaning of the two words. Example: sun + light = sunlight (light from the sun) Put the right words in the blanks. summertime seafood daytime —_yellowtail sunlight underline stoplight bedroom 1. Mary likes fish and other . She doesn’t eat very much meat. 2. Read each sentence. Put a citcle around the subject. the verb 3. Most people work during the . A few people work at night. Be careful when you drive. Ifthe ia red, you must stop. 5. People eat in the dining room. They sleep in the . s E. Context Clues ‘These words are in the next unit, Don’t use your dictionary. Choose the meaning of the boldfacce (dark) word. 1. Paul was born twenty-five years ago. He'is 25 years old. a again c. before now . after today 4 leave 2. Wedon't need these papers any more. Let's burn them. a. put them in the fire c. keep them ‘b. put them in the desi d. store them 61FACTS AND FIGURES: You can see beautiful pictures at an art museum, You can seq things about: science at a science museum. Most museums belong to the government. a. a building with beautiful and interesting things to look at b. astore that sells paintings and other beautiful things ©. an aquarium or 200 d.a place wher scientists work Ann studied very hard for the test today. She isa good student. She will probably get a good grade a, maybe c. 50 percent sure b. cannot almost 100 percent sure You cannot drink most river water. If you drink it, you may get a disease. a fish ¢ eea animals b. sickness d. thirsty Cotton is an important crop in Egypt. Vegetables are an important erop in parts of Mexico, Coffee isan important erop in Barzil. a. plants that farmers grow b. plants near a house ¢, something country buys from another country 4d. food that a farmer grows ‘The soil near the Nile River is very rich. There are also water and sun. There are many farms there, ang the plants grow very well. a. good clean water ©. sunshine b. dirt or land d. fruit and vegetables It is around 25°C (25 degrees Celsius} today. a hot c. inacircle b. cold 4. about Many Brazilian farmers raise coffee on their farms. a. grow ©. pick up b. find 4 enjoyHOW? WHY? 10. iL 13. ‘There are streets in a city. There are roads between small towns. There are highways between important cities. a. upabove ¢. small streets b. large, wide roads 4. airplanes Tt is 2:56. It is nearly 3:00. a. beside c. almost b. inside 4. after ‘Tom is a mechanic. He works in a large garage. He earns $15.00 an hour. 2, fixes cars ©. gota tired b, gets money for work 4. pays Some plants are poisonous. ‘The poison is natural in the plants. Noone puts it there. ~ a. something made by people ¢. something in the ocean b. something not made by people 4. somethingon farms 53| UnitTHE DATE PALM mn 20 ‘The date palm ie a wonderful tree. People eat dates. They feed them to their animals. They use the leaves and wood to build houses. They ‘use the wood to build boate. They make haskete from the leaves. They burm the other parts of the ‘tree po they ean cook food. ‘The date palm came from the Middle East - Seven thousand(7,000) yearsago, peoplein Syria and Egypt ate dates. They made pictures of date palmson their stane buildings. Today date palms growin the Middle East, parte of Asia and Africa, southern Europe, and other warm parts of the world ‘There are more than one hundred kinds of palm trees. Most of them cannot grow in the Mid- Gle Bast because it is too dry. Thedate palm grows there very well Hundreds of yeare ago people in southern Europeand Arab countries made picturesof palm trees and palm flowerson someof their buildings. ‘Today wecan sce these picturesin art mmscums, People think that the palm tree is beautiful, People thought the same thing a long time ago. adjective for south 87FACTS AND FIGURES ‘A. Vocabulary burn datepalm = southern art leaves = grow wood museums ao buildings baskets stone Today wecanee thew pce ‘They use the and : to build houses. ‘Today date palms grow in the Middle East. parts of Asia and Africa, Europe, and other warm parte of the world. 4 The isa wonderful tree. 5. They. the other parts of the tree so they can cook food. 6. Sevan thoussind years , people in Syria and Egyp ate dates. 7 : 7. They make’ from the leayes. 8. ‘They mane piowiiboadnts pabas on their buildings. B. Vocabulary (new context) southern wood basket = art ‘museum ago dates stone palm burn leaves. think 1. Some trees haye very Jarge green . 2. Argentina isin the part of South America, 3. Marie started to study English five years : 4, Stone cannot ‘Wood can. 5. People burn to make a fire. 6 Ascience ina very interesting place. : . 1. Theresa of fruition the table. & Pam hasaemall in her shoe. It hurts. 9. One kind of tree gives oil. People maice soap from it. 10. Peopledry _ and keep them for a long time. 11. Michelangelo was anartist.His is very famous,PLANTS C. Vocabulary Review Sonneaneepe i 12. both stars difficult 90 _ deaf each other idea whole sign interpreter — dance heat weigh stomach believe could An speaka two languages. Do you that there are farms in the eon? There are a lot of out tonight. The sky is beautiful. They not come to the party last.night. They wore 0 bury. low ‘all are you and how mach do you Palm trees like the ‘but not the cold. The ‘says, "Please use other door.” A piano isa thing. Love isan . ‘The students usually talk to betwoon classes. Bill cleaned his apartment on Saturday. ‘The hippo has a very long . Do you like to D. Questions Dawe e *8. How do people use the palm tree? ‘What is the name of the fruit of the palm tree? Where did the date palm com from? When did Syrians and Egyptians start to eat dates? How many kinds of palm trees are there? Why can’t moat of them grow in the Middle East ? Where can we see beautifil old pictures of palm trees? ‘Why did Syrians and Egyptians make pictures of palm trees? ‘Why do date palms grow in the Middle East? E. Comprehension 1 People make boats from the of palm trees. 4, leaves c, dates b. wood d. flowers 59FACTS AND FIGURES 2. They make baskets from the . a leaves dates ‘b. wood d. flowers 3. They part of the tree to make a fire. a enjoy ©. burn b. dance d. grow 4. The date palm came from a. California ¢. southern Europe b. Africa, d. the Middle Bast 5. People started to eat dates about years ago. a.a few hundred ~~e. 5,000 b. 100 _ 4.7,000 6. Date palms grow . ain the land of the polar bear c. whore kiwis live b. in hot or warm places in cool places 7. There are more than kinds of palm trees, a. afew hundred ¢. 5,000 b. 100 d. 7,000 8. People use palm tree. a the whole ¢. almost all of the ‘b. the leaves and wood of the d. the fruit and leaves of the F. Main Idea s 60 ‘The date palm grows in the Middle East today. ‘The date palm is beautiful, and people use all of it. People made pictures of the date palm, and these pictures are in art museums _ now.THE WATER HYACINTH ‘The water hyacinth grows in tropical countries. it has beautiful purple~blue flowers, but everybody hates it. Why? Millions and millions of these plants grow 5 inriversand lakes, Sometimes the plants become 0 thick that people can walk on them. People cannot travel in boats on the water, and they can- not fish in it. the plants stop the water from moving. Then the water carries diseases, 10 Farmers cannot use the water on their land. New scientista think water hyacinths can be useful. The plants are really a free crop. No one has to take care of them. They just grow and grow and grow. What can farmers use them for? 15 Some fish like to eat them. Farmers can grow those fish in the lakes and rivers. Workers can collect and cut the plants with machines. Then they can make fertilizer to make their crops grow better. They canalso make 20 feed for their farm animals. . Maybe it will be possible to make methane gas (CH.) for energy. (We burn gas from petroleum for energy. Methane gas comes from plants.) Then poor tropical countries will not 25 have ta buy so much expensive petroleum Maybe in cher future people will love the water hyacinth instead of hating it. Aloves sicknesses plants w farmer grows 61FACTS AND FIGURES A, Vocabulary feed machines energy hates ‘water hyacinth diseases crap millions ‘80 just Jakes methane gas ecome better fertilizer petroleum yes 1. Workers can collect. and cut the plants with . 2. Then they can make to make thelr crops gro 8. Maybe it will be possible to make (CHa) for soe Tt has beautiful purple-blue flowers, but everybody. .. ‘The plante are really a free ‘Then the water carries Sometimes the plants thick that people can walk on them. The grows in tropical countries. They grow and grow and grow. B. Vocabulary (new context) just hate tropical disease betver petroleum become — lakes travel feed fertilizer energy machines crop 80 flowers Rice is an important in Asia, _ Torn became very siek with a He died. A grade of 90% is than 60%. ‘tired that Ican’t study baby. She cannot walk. make the work easier. Many farmers in China make their own Some students to study. They just want to have good time. Mary wants to an engineer. We use yas and oil forPLANTS: C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the same. Column A 10. Sey eraene also difficult modern both enjoy toward deaf expensive ‘percent i. group i D. Questions So eene ‘Where does the water hyacinth grow? Why do people hate this plant? Tell three reasons Water hyacinths are a free crop. What does this mean? Hew can people use water hyacinths? Tell four ways ~ What is the difference between methane gas and other pas? ‘Cheap energy is very important for poor countries. Why? E. Comprehension: Trae/False 1. Water hyacinths grow very thick on some tropical lakes and rivers. 2. Sometimes the water under the plants cannot move. 3. Water hyacinths help make water clean. > 4. Maybe farmers can use water hyacinths. *5. Water hyacinths grow in parts of Asia and Africa 6. Some kinds of fish like to eat water hyacinths. 7. Water hyacinths can make petroleum. *8. These plants can give farmers more money. aqFACTS AND FIGURES F. Main Idea ‘Match the details with the main ideas. Write the letter under the correct main idea. Two details do not belong under a main idea. 1. People hate water hyacinths. 2. Water hyacinths can be useful. a, Some fish like to eat them. b. The plants stop the water from moving. c. People cannot travel on the water. d. People can make fertilizer out of them. ¢. Maybe people can make methane gas. f. They have beautiful flowers. g. People can feed them to animals. h. We burn gas from petroleum for energy. i. People cannot fish. j. The water carries diseases. 6410 20 25 RICE People all over the world eat rice. Millions of people in Asia, Africa, and South America eat it every day of their lives. Some people cat almost nothing but rice. Rice isa kind of grass. There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice. Most kinds are water plants. Farmers grow rice in many countries, even in the southern part of the Soviet Union and in eastern Australia, No one really knows where rice came from. Some scientists think it started to grow in two places, They think that one kind of rice grew in southern Asia thousands of years ago. Someone in China wrote about it almost. 5,000 years ago. Another kind probably grew in West Africa Other scientists think rice came from India, and Indian travelers took it toother parts of the world. ‘Thereare twomain waystn grow rice. Upland rice grows in dry soil. Most rice grows in wet coil. People in many countries do ali of the work by hand. This is the same way farmers worked hundreds of years ago. Some countries now use machines on their rice farms. The farmers all use fertilizer. Some imsects are enemies of rice Farmers poison them.FACTS AND FIGURES People use every part of the rice plant. They | make animal feed and rice oil from it. They also 4 make baskets, brooms, rugs, sandals, and roofs for their houses. They burn dry rice plants for 30. cooking. —_—___—_—_. A. Vocabulary brooms grass probably West rice rugs eastern oil sandals even roofs insects 1, They also make baskets, . : and for their houses. 2, Riceisakind of 3. People sll over the world eat 4. Farmers grow rice in many countries, in the southern part of the Soviet Union and in __~ ‘Australia, 5 Some are enemies of rice. 6 Another kind grewin ‘Africa, 7. Upland rice grows in dry B. Vocabulary (new context) even probably = rice—seastern mug sandals grasa insects roof soil West broom. 1. In the sumamer people like to wear instead of shoes. 2. Chicken, and ealad make a good dinner. 3. Prank is two years old. He wants to play basketball but he can’t pick up the ball. 4, We can have our picnic on the under that tree. 66 Paul cleaned the garage floor with a : ‘Phe rain comes through the of the old house.PLANTS: oem 10. 12. Korea is in the part of Asia. Some live together in a group. Lebanon isin ‘Asia. ‘There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. It will Plants must have sun, water; and good Mr. and Mrs. Cook have a beautiful new for the living room floor, rain. C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the opposite. Column A Spaenraneene already. large . toward enemy difficult cheap D. Questions =, > *L #2. 3 4, 5. *6. °7, *8. 9, 10. Why do some people eat almost nothing but rice? In what countries is rice an important food? ‘What kind of plant is rice? How many kinds of rice are there ? Scientists have two ideas about where rice came from. What are they? What does "upland" mean? Why do rice farmers use fertilizer? Why do most farmers grow rice by hand? How do farmers kill insects? People eat rice. Tell other ways people-use the rice plant. 67FACTS AND FIGURES E. Comprehension: True/False/No Information. 1. Rice is a hind of grass. 2. Rice grows on dry land and in wet soil. 3. Scientists know that rice came from India. 4. Rice grows in the United States. 5. There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice. 6. Maybe Chinese travelers took rice to India. 7. More people grow rice with machines than by hand. 8. Farmers use fertilizer to kill insects. 9. Chinese farms need more fertilizer than Indian farms. 10. People use every part of the rice plant. F. Main Idea 1. Rice isa very important crop but nobody knows where it came from. 2. People grow rice in many countries. 3. Today rice farmers use machines, fertilizer, and poisons. 63ORANGES 20 25 Everybody lovesoranges. Theyaresweetand juicy. They aie in sections 60 it is easy tocat them. ‘Some oranges do not have any seeds Some havea thick skin and some have a thin skin. The orange tree is beautiful. It has a lot of shiny green leaves. The small shite flowers emell very sweet. An orange tree has flowers and fruit at the game time. There were orange trees twenty million years ago. The oranges were very small, not like the ones: today. The orange tree probably came from China. Many different kinds of wild oranges grow there today. Chinese started to raise orange trees around 2400 B.C. Chinese art has lovely old pic- tures of oranges and orange trees. Farmersin other partsof Asiaand the Middle East learned to raise oranges from the Chinese. Then they taught Europeans. The Spanish planted orange treat in the New World (North and South America). They took them to Florida first Oranges,are @ very important crop in Florida today. *Orange" is both a fruit and.a color. The color of oranges s eo beautiful that in English weuse the name of the fruit for the color, 69PACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary around wild sections lovely ekin oranges raige omell swede shiny thin sweet 1, Chinees atarted to orange trees 2400 B.C. 2 They are and juicy. 3. Some have athick and some have a akin. 4, Many different kinds of oranges grow there today. 5. Theyarein soit is easy to eat them. 6. Chinese art has old pictures of oranges and orange trees. 7. Some oranges do not have any _ . & Ithapalotof green leaves. B, Vocabulary (new context) oranges lovely sweet wild sections raise shines Teaves seeds around thin skin 1. Japanese fish on farms in the sea. 2. The Syrians made pictures of date palms on stone 3. Plants grow 4. Abird hhs feathers on its _ Acamel has hajr 5. The polar bear and hippo are animals. 6. There are three of the beginning class. J. Thesun : every day in the desert. 8. Dates and oranges are 9. Carlos is fat. Paulo is 0 70 People started eating date 7,000 years ago.PLANTS ©. Vocabulary Review interpreter museums become -—sébetter diseases energy gas grass west, east broom roof even insects sandals oil 1. Sweden is of Norway and of Finland. 2. Students always vety buey at the end of the semester 3. Many kinds of eat farmers’ crops. 4, The Sousas have . all around their house. There are also flowers and trees. 5. Desert is very dry, 6. We ean get some from drinking dirty water 7. Tom looked everywhere for his dictionary. He looked in his ear. 8. Roberto isan . He works in Geneva. 9, Tourists usually go to art to ce beautiful pictures. 10. Your fect feel coo! when you wear 11. Loisisa student than Helen. Helen is not a good student. 12. The is on the outside of the house. The ceiling ison the inside. D. Questions 1. Describe an orange 2. Doall oranges have seeds ? 3. Describe on orange tree. 4. Where did the orange tree probably come from ? 5. Who plants wild orange trees ? 6. How did Europeans learn to raise oranges ? 7. How did the United States get orange trees ? . . 8. What else does “orange” describe ? *9. Why did people in Saudi Arabia eat dates instead of oranges ? anFACTS AND FIGURES: E. Comprehension 1. Orangee are . a shiny and green c. sweet and juicy ‘b. old and wild d. thin and white 2. Some oranges do not have a. ceeds ©. flowers b. sections askin 3. Orange leaves are a. shiny ©. sweet b. thick a. wild ‘ 4. Thereare many ‘orange trees in China today. a shiny c. wild b. thin 4. thick 5. Europeans learned to plant orange trees from. a the Middle East . c. North and South America b. Florida a. the Spanish 76. Oranges do not grow in . a India c. Mexico b. Sweden 4d. North Africa F. Main Idea 1. Oranges are sweet and juicy with seeds and a skin. 2. Orange trees went from Asia to the Middle East to Europe to the New World. 99 Oranges probably came from China, and today people all over the world like them | because they are sweet and juicy.» a g GUAYULE Rubber is very important in the modern world. We use it for tires for automobiles, buses, trucks, motorcycles, and airplanes. We ueelarge ieks and other machines to build highways. ‘They have large rubber tires Natural rubber comes from trees. Most of the world’s rubber comes from Malaysia, In- donesia, and Thailand in Southeast Asia. We also make rubber from petroleum. This kind of rubber becomes hot very fast. We can use it for only some kinds of tires. Now scientists can make rubber from guayule, This wild plant grows in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It doesn’t need very much rain. It ean grow in desert soil. Guayule rubber is nearly the same as rubber from the rubber tree Indian in Arizona plan to start guayule farms. They knowa lotabout farminginthe desert ‘The farms will use poor desert land and give people Jobs. The Indians think they can make a lot of money from guayule rubber Poor desert countries in Africa could grow guayule too. People could earn money on their own desert land. If they grow their own rubber, they will nat have to buy it from other countries.FACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary natural plan jobs carn guayule tires nearly ‘ airplanes rubber motoreyles trucks highways 1 rubber comes from trees. 2. Weuse it for for automobiles, buses, and airplanes, 3. People could money on their own desert land. 3. Now scientists can make rubber from 5, We use large trucks and other machines to build 6. Indians in Arizona ‘to start guayule farms. 7. Guayule rubber is the same as rubber from the rubber ‘tree. * is very important in the modern world. ‘The farnie will use poor desert land and give people B. Vocabulary (new context) o 74, pwr as 74 rubber tire navurally nearly southwestern earn plan motorcycle truck airplanes highwaye —_ jobs Antonia works for the government. She doesn’t very much money. Glen drivesa - He isa truck driver. his time for dinner. My car needs a new Children like to play with a hall ‘What do you to study after you learn English? ‘Some students have part-time . They earn a little money. ‘Most countries have good around the capital city. George had a bicycle, Now he hasa. : Next he wants to buy a car. ‘Sea water is salty. Noone pute salt in it.PLANTS: C. Vocabulary Review Underline the word that does not belong. oranges, water hyacinth, datos, rice river, interpreter, farmer, cheaper burn, enjoy, have fun, like cloud, moon, star, sun wood, gas, stone, oil south, east, west, northern. sugar, date, orange, rice wild, wonderful, beautiful, lovely broom, machine, roof, sandals leaves, flowers, fruit, insects Beeson eene D. Questions ‘What do we use rubber for? ‘Where does natural rubber come from? ‘What countries grow most of the world’s rubber? ‘Some rubber is made from petroleum. Why can't: we use it for all kinds of tires? Where does guayule grow wild? oa ee #6. What is the land like there? * 7. Who is going to grow guayule on farms in Arizona? 8. How will the farms help the Indians? 9. What other countries could grow guayule? 10. Why is it good for desert countries in Africa to grow their own rubber ? ‘L1. Why does the modern world use a lot of rubber? 12 Rubber trees don’t grow in Europe. Why? 18. Do Africans understand desert farming? ¥. Comprehension: True/False/No Information 1. Rubber grows in Sri Lanka and India. 2. Bicycles have rubber tires 3. Motbcyclos have rubber tires. 4. All rubber comes from trees. 5FACTS AND FIGURES 6. Rubber trees have shiny leaves, 6. Guayule is a desert plant that grows in North America. 7. Guayule is nearly the same as a water hyacinth. &. There are a lot of Indians in Arizona. 9, Guayule needs rich soil and lots of water. 10. Guayule farms could make jobs for people. F. Main Idea - 1, We can get rubber from guayule instead of rubber trees 2. Guayule grows in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. 3. Rubber is important in modern life. 16PLANTS: WORD STUDY A. Past Tense Add ~ed to most verbs for the past tense. If the verb ends ine, just add d. smell — smelled raise ~ raised earn ~ earned hate ~ hated Use the y rules (see p. 23) study - studied play - played Use the 1-1-1 (one-one-one! rule (see p. 24). plan = planned shop — shopped Some verbs are irregular. You must memorize thera, Simple past Simple Past Simple Past come came — eat ate grow grew make made become became think — thought teach taught «take = took be. waa, were Put the past tense of the verb in each sentence. ‘ teat) 1. We lunch at 1:00 yesterday. | plant 2. This morning Jeff hhis whole day. take 3. Ms. Mendez her daughter to the doctor yesterday. ibe 4. Paul nearly late for class this morning. carry) 5. Robert his baggugo into the airport. (think 6 We ‘about the problem for a long time last week. toome) 7. Alice to our party last Saturday. (teach) 8 Mr. Cook in Japan for six years. Now he teaches in New York. . (become) 9. Paula studied at the university for eight years. Last year she a doctor. (grow) 10. The Larsons cotton on their land for ten years. Now they grow guayule. . shop! 1. Ali for three hours last night. (make? 12. Donna bread yesterday, (dance) 18. The students a long time at the party last Friday night. V7- FACTS AND FIGURES B. Comparisons We add ~er to short adjectives (words with one syllable) to compare two things. We use than. We use more than with most longer words (words with three or more syllables) Example: Sally is more beautiful than Ann, Rice is more impartant than potatoes in China. Irregular: good -- better bad - worse far farther Acar is better than a bicycle. A bicycle is worse than a car. Aairplane can go farther than a car. Write the correct form of the adjective. Then write than, Example: (interesting) New York is more interesting than Chicago. texpensives 1, Acar is a motoreycle. isweet! 2 oranges. (good) 3 than grapefruit. (thin) 4 Paul. (difficult) 6. Spanish. (small) 6. an orange. intelligent) 7 Tom. iwonderful) 8. A trip to the moon is a trip to the eupermarket. \farr 9. Ifyou are in New York, Dallas is Chicago, ©. Plural Nouns Most of the rules for adding s to nouns are the same as the rules for adding s to verbs. baby ~ abies bus - buses highway - highways lunch — lunches Ifa noun ends in f, change the f to v and add ~ex. If'a noun ends in fe. change the f to v and add -#. 7 leaf - eaves life - lives Irregular, roof - roofs 78PLANTS Write the plural for each noun. lunch leaf. crop enemy root sandal seed tire knife day family match key dress aquarium library D.-y adjectives Add ~y to some nouns or verbs to make an adjective. cloud — cloudy sun —sunny Use the 1-1-1 rule. sun - sunny But: snow - snowy If the word ends in e, drop thee and add y shine - shiny ice — icy ~ Add y to each word. Be careful of the spelling, Then choose the right word for each sentence. salt snow juice sun ico cloud wind shine~ 1. Yesterday was a beautiful day. It was - The sky is today. The weather is bad. 2. Oranges are . Bananas are not. 3. Goldis . . 4. In winter there are often. days. Sometimes the streets become 5. In spring there are days. The wind blows a lot. 6. This food is too Tcan’teat it. E Context Clues 1, Sarah is in the hospital. I plan to visit her this afternoon, a help ¢. hate b. go tosee . drive to her house0. FACTS AND FIGURES ‘There is a movie theater only a kilometer from my house. I go to the movies there often, a. building for movies ©. stadium ‘b. good movie d. gymnasium ‘Most rice grows in water or wet soil. However, some rice grows on dry land. aand cif bso but ‘The class finishes at 10:60. It is 10:45 now, and the class will finish soon. a. tomorrow c.inashort time b. late dearly Cola drinks are popular all over the world. a. people like them ¢. people have them b natural d. possible ‘We eat bananas and oranges raw. We do not usually eat meat raw. a. in the morning c. lovely b. for lunch. d_not cooked People started to make things with machines during the century form 1800 to 1900. a. ten years c. hundred years b. fifty years . d. thousand years ‘When you add two and two, you get four. at ex b- a+ ‘This isa poor movie. It is very slow and boring. a. good ¢ not fast. b. not interesting 4. lovely Sugar is a sweetener. We put it in candy. desserts, and ice cream. a. Tt makes something eoft. ©. It makes something sweet. b. It makes something fresh. d. It makes something better.PLANTS i 13. Mr. Baker has his own company. The company sells fruit and vegetables to supermarkets. a. business: ©. car b, movoreycle job Artificial house plants look like plants, but they are plastic. aold . not pretty b. new d. not natural Oscar usually listens to the car radio while he drivers to class. 8. after ¢. when b, before a but Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. There were no phones before that. a. made the first one ¢. talked on b. called d.sold SEUnit IV POPULAR FOODPOPCORN Indians in North and South America ate popcorn. thousands of years ago. Scientists found eome ears of popeorn in New Mexioo, a state in the United States ‘They were 5,600 years old. Farmers probably learned to raise popoorn first before they planted other kinds of corn. Farmers now raise popcorn in the United States, Australia, Argentina, South Africa, and southern Europe. Corn was an important food for the Indians. It 10 was also important for their religion. When Columbus and other Europeans visited the New World, they saw this. When the Indians and Europeans had their first Thanksgiving, they ate Popcorn. Today Thanksgiving is an important 15 holiday in the United States, but people don’t usually eat popcorn for this haliday now. Many Europeans and Indians fought wars with each other. When a war finished, the Indians brought popcorn asa sign of peace. 20 In the 1920s, people started selling popeorn at movies. now most movie theaters in the United States sell popeorn. Popcorn and movies go together very well During the Second World War, American soldiers in the army taught Europeans toeat. popcorn. 25 Is popoorn good for you? Yes, itis. However, some people but a lot of salt and butter or vegetable oil on it. 1t tastes good that way, but it is not very good for you. 85FACTS AND FIGURES: A. Vocabulary peace wars religion however visited theaters army holiday poporn ‘Thanksgiving tastes soldiers 1. It was.also important for their . 2. Now most movie in the United States sell popeorn. 3. When the Indians and Europeans had their first , they ate popoorn. 4. , some people puta lot of salt and butter or vegetable oilon it. 5. When Columbus and other Europeans the New World, they saw this. 6. Many Europeans and Indians fought with each other ‘1. Whe a-war finished, the Indians brought popcorn as a sign of & It good that way, but it isnot very good for you. 9. Today Thanksgiving isan important in the United States. 10. During the Seoond World War, American in the taught Europeans to eat popcorn. B. Vocabulary (new context) holiday religion however peace tastes visit theater army brought soldier War ‘Thanksgiving 1. Altisa Muslim. This is his . Maria isa Christian, 2. Adate sweeter than an orange. 3. Wecan make rubber fram petroleum . we cannyt use it for all kinds of tires. 4, The movie starte at 7:30. I will meet you at the at 7-15. 5. Our children their grandparents every week. 6. Bab wasin the for four years, He was a onPOPLAR KOO, ‘The Second World started in 1939. It ended in 1945 and there was : People in the United States have a big dinner on This isa very important family C. Vocabulary Review truck job rubber natural plan skin sections palm earth mixed evaporates fresh music only weighs stomach Helen has anew She will work at the university. 1 2 Seats in some of the stadium are expensive. 3. The Jensens to go todapan next summer, 4. Pat’s hair is not really blond. The color is brown. 5. The moon travels around the once every twenty-four hours 6, Ifyou leave water out in the sun, it 7. Food stays in your for several hours. 8 Students from different countries are ‘vogether in the same elas, 8 fruit and vegetables are good for you. Eat some every day. 10. Ahippopotamus more thane camel, 11. You ean hear on the radio twenty-four hours a day. 12. People from different parte of the world have different color D. Questions ‘ 1 Where did popoorn come from? 2, How was corn important to Indian? 3. Name an important holiday in the United States. 4. Why did Tndians give poponrm to Europeans at the end of a war? 5. When did movie theaters start selling popeorn? 6. When did people in Europe start eating popeorn?FACTS AND PIGURES 7. Where do farmers grow poponrn? 8. Is popeorn good for you? When isn’t it good for you? “9. What do people have with their popcorn at a movie theater? Why? §. Comprehension 1 The ears of corn in New Mexico were yoars old. a. thousands of e. 1920 b. hundreds of d. 5,600 2. Corn was important for the Indians’ a. religion e. holidays. b lives daandb 3. Indians gave popcorn to the Europeans a.on the first ‘Thanksgiving ¢.at the end of a war b. at a movie theater daandc 4, People like to eat popeorn . a. in class c. at school b. at the movies d. at work 5. American taught Europeans to eat popeorn. a. farmers . scientists b, truck drivers ad. soldiers 6. Is popeorn good for you? ayes eno b. always daande *7. Alotof salt and butter is : a. good for you c. expensive b. not good for you 4. cheap» HAMBURGERS Everybody knows that the hamburger is a very popular American food. However, people in the United States learned to make hamburgers from Germans. The Germans got the idea from Russia. In the thirteenth century the Tartar people from Central Asia moved into Russia and parts of Europe. they fought the Russians and won. They ate something like hamburger meat, but it was raw. This raw meat was beef, lamb, goat meat. or horsemeat. Soon the Russians started to eat raw mest too. Germans from Hamburg and other northern cities earned to eat this food from the Russians. However. they added salt, pepper, a raw ogg, and thon cooked it. Between 1830 and 1900 thousands of Ger- mana went to live in the United States. They tool. the hamburger with them. People called it ham- burger steak. In 1904 at the World's Fair in St. Louisa city ‘on the Mississippi River, a man from Texas sold hamburger steak in. roll. Then people could eat it with their hands. likeasandwich. This wasthe first, real hamburger like the hamburgers we eat today. Today some people still like to eat raw beef. ‘They call it "steak tartare”. “nm er not cooked ina shot time added = put in, + a kind of trendFACTS AND FIGURES. A. Vocabulary hamburger pepper popular roll lamb century Fair added goat raw soon won Inthethirteenth the Tartar people from Central Asia moved into Russia and parts of Europe. Everybody knows that the hamburger is a very Ameri can food, the Russians started to eat raw meat too. Tn 1904 at the World’ in St. Lowis, aman from ‘Texas sold hamburger steak in a ‘They ate something like hamburger meat, but it was ‘This raw meat was beef, . meat ” or horsemeat. However, they salt, arawegg, and then cooked it. They fought the Russians and B. Vocabulary (new context) aeaow en century goats add hamburger pepper roll popular lamb fairs soon raw won is the meat from sheep. It is aloo the word for a young shoep. ‘There are one hundred years ina : Some people like to have a and butter with their dinner. Some desert people raise sheep and Canadians often put salt and ‘on their food. Most countries have in the fall. Farmers show their plants and animals. Old friends see each other. Can you these numbers? 456 + 142 + 862 =7 ‘The dolphin is.a animal at an aquarium. Which team the basketball game?POPULAR Koop 10. iL ‘We do not cook a salad. We eat it . Keiko will finish her English course She will finish in two weeks. C. Vocabulary Review Match the words that mean the same. Cotamn A Cohunn B 1. theater a. someone in the army 2 however b. the top of a house 3 visit ¢. not made by people 4. soldier get money for work 5. natural e. peace 6. lovely £ abuilding for movies 7. thin & giosce 8 rice h. beautiful 9. highway i. fighting 10. roof J. a wide road 11. sandal knot fat 12 earn 1 smell 13. war m, an important food for some people n. but 6. akinkof shoe D. Questions 1. Who taught Americans about hamburgers? 2. Where did Germans learn about them? "3. Where does the name "hamburger" come from? 4. Where did the Tartars come from? 5 What kind of meat did they eat? 6. How did the Germans change this Tartar meat? 7. What did Americans call hamburgers at first? 8. When did a man first put hamburger meat into a roll? Why? +9. Do hamburgers taste good? "10. How many centuries did it take for the Tartar raw meat to become the American hamburger? 91FACTS AND FIGURES FE, Comprehension : True/False. 1, Americans were the first people to cat hamburger meat. 2. Americans got hamburgers from the Russians, 3, Today Americans make hamburgers from lamb and goat meat. 4, The Tartars and Russians had a war. *5, Germans went to live in the United States during the nineteenth century, 6. Russians cooked their hamburger meat with a raw egg. 7, Hamburg is a German city 8 Peopie always eat a hamburger with a knife and fork. “9 The hamburger is named for a German city. *10. You can buy hamburgers in many countries.CHEWING GU Why do people like to chew gum? Some people say they like the taste. Others say they can think better when they chew gum, Some people chew it when they have some boring work to do. Others chew gum when they are nervous Gum isa mixture of several things. For many years gum companies made gum from chicle. Chiele 18a natural gum from a tree in Mexico and Centrat Americs, Naw companies use plastic and rubber made from petroleum instead of chicle Gum must be soft 90 you can chew it, A saf- tener keeps it soft. The gum company makes the softener from vegetable oil. A sweetener makes the gum sweet. ‘This sweetener is usually sugar. 18 Then the campany adds the flavor ‘Thomas Adams made the first gum from cniclein 1896, However. chewing gum was not new. ‘The Greekschewed gum (rom a treeover 2000 years ago. Mavan Indians in Mexia» chewed chicle. In- dians in the nurthenstern United States taught Europeans w chew gum from a tree there. People first, made bubble gum in 1928. Children like to blow bubbles with bubble gum. Some university students do wo. nat interesting oun for mix # hard onFACTS AND FIGURES A. Vocabulary chew blow Mayan bubble sweetener taste companies gum softener flavor plastic boring chicle nervous mixture soft 1. People first made gum in 1928 2. Gum must be ‘90 you can chew it. 3. Why do people tike to ? aA makes the gum sweet. 5. Some people chew it when they have some work to do. 6 Then the company adds the 7. Gumisa of several things. ROA keeps the gum soft. 9, Others chew gum when they are . 10. For many years gum made gum from 11. Children like to’ bubbles with bubble gum. B. Vocabulary (new context) hee one 94 sweeten bubbles. «= chew mixture chicle tast plastic Mayan soft flavor gum boring company blows nervous soften Hot chocolate isa of chocolate, sugar, and milk Chocolate is one of ice cream. Dolores works for a large in Mexico City. Children like to blow soap. ‘When you eat food, you it. When you drink something. you don’t chew it ‘We put sugar in coffee to it. leis to memorize vocabulary Acat has hair on its body. ‘comes from different kinds of trees.POPULAR FON 10, Students are usually bofore a big tost. Li. Dried fruit is hard, Put it in water to it, 12. The wind alot in the spring C. Vocabulary Review ‘March the words that mean the opposite Column A Column B i. war a, east 2 thin b earn 3. holiday ®. century 4. caw a. peace 5. during e. fat 6. store f work day 7 weet g. threw away allover h. after 9. spend nowhere 10. soon win 1L somebody k. cooked 1 late m. popular n. nobody D. Questions 1. Why do people like to chew gum? Give four reasons *2. Does gum help you think better? What is chicle? Do companies make gum from chicle now? What do they use instead of chicle? What does a softener do to the gum? ‘What does a sweetener do? What are the four things in the gum mixture? Name three groups of people who chewed gum. Who likes to blow bubbles with bubble gum? *11. Is gum good for your teeth? Beane aae 951 FACTS AND FIGURES F. Comprehension Some people chew gum when they are a fighting ¢. lovely . nervous eating a 96 Some people chew gum because they like the a. boring ©. mixture > flavor skin ‘Today companies make gum from a. plastic ©. chicle b. rubber from petroleum daandb Asoftener something. a. softens ©, sweetena b burns a. shortens Sugar isa a. sweetener ¢. softener b, mixture d flavor ‘The gum company makes the softener from a. petroleum, © plastic b. chiele 4d. vegetable oil Different make gum taste different. a. softeners c. vegetahle ous: ». flavors 4. seeds Chewing gum is idea. a.anew cawet b anold * dadry Children ‘bubles with buble gum. a flavor c. blow ‘be mix di. sweeten:COLA DRINKS AND ICE CREAM CONES ‘The Coca-Cola company made the first cola drinks more thana hundred yearsago. Companies now

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