Skillmart International College

Bahir Dar campus

Master of Business
1 Administration

Business Ethics
የንግድ ሥነ-ምግባር

By: Girma N. (PhD candidate)

girmanegash21@gmail.com

11/26/2022
 Course guidebook
2
Course Name: Business Ethics
Credit Hour: 2
Instructor: Girma Negash (PhD candidate)
girmanegash21@gmail.com/girma.negash@bdu.edu.et

This course includes three parts.

1. Universal ethics, takes into account the nature and
essence of ethics, problems and possibilities of
individual ethical and moral behaviour formation.
2. Applied Ethics, - questions and problems of ethical
decision-making in the company are considered.
3. CSR, its contribution to strategic advantages of the
company and its integration into business process.

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 The objective of the course
3

 Students will have the opportunity to discuss and debate

values and ethical standards, and thereby understand
and be better equipped to address ethical issues.
 Understanding the basic concepts of ethics and its role in
business, entrepreneurship and country economy,
 Apply ethical principles in the process of leadership and
decision-making,
 Become familiar with the benefits of corporate social
responsibility in the context of globalized economic and
social relations
 Identify consequences of unethical business activities on
the development of Croatian/ transition / global society

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 Contents
4

Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 What is ethics?
1.2 types of ethics, professional and business ethics
1.3 feature of business ethics
1.4 Principle of business ethics
1.5 Models of Management Ethics
1.6 advantage and disadvantage of business ethics
1.7 determinants of business ethics

Chapter 2: Ethics in the work place

1. Define work ethics

2. Codes of Conduct and Ethics

3. Characteristics of workplace ethics

4. Ethical dilemma

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 Cont’d
5

Chapter 3:Corporate Social responsibility

1. Definition
2. Case studies
3. Corporate compliance
 3.2 .1 Responsibility
2. Laws and regulations
2. Business accountability
3. Environmental responsibility
Chapter 4: Ethics' Positive Impact on Business
1. Employee right

2. Productivity

3. Legal issues
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 Cont’d
6

Chapter 5: International Business Ethics

1. Why it is Necessary?

2. Global competition

3. Corporate integrity

4. Consumer right

1. Expectations vs reality

2. A bridge between business and society

Chapter 6: Business Ethics and the financial World

1. Insider Trading
2. Junk Bonds
3. Leveraged Buyouts
4. Final Thoughts on Business Ethics

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 7

Chapter one
Introduction

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 Objective of the chapter
8

 At the end of this chapter students be able to:

 Define ethics.
 Explain types of ethics.
 Discus with the term business ethics, in our
context.
 Discus feature of business ethics.
 Discus with models of management ethics
 Discus with Principle of business ethics
 List and explain advantage and disadvantage
of business ethics
 Discus with determinants of business ethics
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 Introduction
9

 Ethics is relevant to our in our everyday life as at some point

in your professional or personal life you will have to deal with

an ethical question or problem.

 e.g. what is your level of responsibility towards protecting

another person from threat, or whether or not you should tell

the truth in a particular situation?

BDU 11/26/2022
Our fables
10

 Truth, Falsehood, Water, and Fire were traveling

together and came upon four heads of cattle. They
decided to split the cattle evenly and each take an
equal share. But Falsehood was greedy and told
Water that Fire was going to burn his land and
steal his cattle.
 Water believed him and jumped on Fire and put
him out. Falsehood tricked Truth into believing
that Water was going to steal their cattle so they
took them to the top of a hill for Water cannot run
uphill.
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 Cont’d
11

 Falsehood laughed that he had tricked everyone

and Truth, realizing Falsehood had lied, began to
fight him for the cattle. They called Wind to
determine whom the cattle belonged to, but Wind
did not know. According to this fable, what are
Falsehood and Truth still doing?
 According to this fable told in Ethiopia and other
eastern African nations, Truth and Falsehood are
still in a battle with one another. Let's hope truth
wins.

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12

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 Definition o ethics
13

 The term "ethics" is derived from the Greek word "ethos"

which refers to character or customs or accepted
behaviors.
 The Oxford Dictionary states ethics as "the moral
principle that governs a person's behaviour or how
an activity is conducted".
 “The discipline dealing with what is good and bad and
with moral duty and obligation.” Merriam-Webster’s
Collegiate Dictionary
 Dictionary.com define: “That branch of philosophy
dealing with values relating to human conduct,
concerning the rightness and wrongness of certain
actions and the goodness and badness of the motives and
ends of such actions” –
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Con’d
14

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 Cont’d
15

 Ethics can be defined as the discipline dealing

with moral duties and obligation, and explaining
what is good or not good for others and for us.
 Ethics is concerned with truth and justice,
concerning a variety of aspects like the
expectations of society, fair competition, public
relations, social responsibilities and corporate
behavior.
 Ethics is a subject of social science that is related with
moral principles and social values.

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 Cont’d
16

 Ethical Behaviour: Behaviour that conforms to

accepted standards of conduct.
 Ethical Reasoning: The process of sorting out
the principles that help determine what is ethical
when faced with an ethical dilemma.
 Ethical System: A specific formula for
distinguishing right from wrong.
 Unethical: An action or conduct which violates
the principles of one or more ethical systems, or
which is counter to an accepted ethical value, such
as honesty.

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17

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 Professional Ethics
18

 Profession: is any type of work that needs special

training or a particular skill, often one that is respected
because it involves a high level of education.
 Professional ethics are those values and principles that
are introduced to an individual in a professional
organization.
 Each employee is meant to strictly follow these
principles.
 They do not have a choice.
 Some examples may include confidentiality, fairness,
transparency and proficiency.
 These ethics make employees responsible.
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 Cont’d
19

 Features of professional ethics:

 Openness
 Transparency
 privacy
 Impartial
 Practical and un-biased
 Loyal
 Co-operative
 Objective oriented

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 Types of professional ethics
20

1. Meta ethics: (origin of ethical principle)

 It deals with origin of ethical principles that govern
the specification of right and wrong behaviour.
 A major issue of debate in this category is whether
ethical principles are eternal truths that evolved
from a spiritual world or simply created by the
humans.
 It is the study of how we engage in ethics.
 It attempt to answer the fundamental
philosophical questions about the nature of ethical
theory itself. 11/26/2022
 cont’d
21

2.Descriptive ethics: involves describing,

characterizing and studying morality.
 It refers to the study of moral beliefs of the people.
 It is a field of empirical research into what people
or societies consider right or wrong.
 descriptive ethics is the study of people’s views
about moral beliefs.

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 Cont’d
22

3.Normative ethics: involves supplying and justifying

moral systems.
 It is concerned with arriving at set of moral conduct
rules against which behaviour are judged. It is “What
should be”
 Teleological and deontological theories are the
tools that help to determine this concept.
 Teleological ethics, the goodness or badness of
action is determined by examining the consequences of
that action.
 Deontological theories, the goodness or badness of
action is determined by examining the action itself.
 Normative ethics is the study of ethical action.

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 Cont’d
23

 Normative ethics is the study of what makes

actions right or wrong, what makes situations or
events good or bad and what makes people
virtuous or vicious.
Example:
If we agree that slavery is wrong… but disagree about
what makes it wrong… …
then our disagreement is a matter of normative
ethics.

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 Cont’d
24

4. Applied ethics:
 The ethical principles are designed or written for
implementation in a specific situation.
A. Bio ethics: These are the ethical principles or
codes for maintaining normal livelihood.
B. Medical ethics: The ethical principles or codes
designed for a medical profession.
C. Computer ethics: The ethical principles or codes
designed for a computer profession.

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 Cont’d
25

D. Engineering ethics: The ethical principles or

codes designed for an engineering profession.
E. Business ethics: The ethical principles or codes
designed for a business operation.
F. Legal ethics: The ethical principles or codes
designed for maintaining a legal system.

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26

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 Business Ethics
27

 Business ethics implies general ethical ideas to

business behaviour.
 It includes how a company deals with its employees,
vendors and consumers, government, watchdogs,
shareholders, and other pressure groups.
 Also, it might affect how the company presents itself,
including branding, advertising, and even the
contents in their presentations.

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Cont’d
28

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 Cont’d
29

“Business Ethics is an art and science for

maintaining harmonious relationship with society,
its various groups and institutions as well as
recognizing the moral responsibility for the
tightness and wrongness of business conduct” -
Wheeler.

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 Cont’d
30

 Business ethics is a form of applied ethics. In

broad sense ethics in business is simply the
application moral or ethical norms to business.
 It refers to a 'code of conduct' which businessmen
are expected to follow while dealing with
others.
 'Code of conduct' is a set of principles and
expectations that are considered binding on any
person who is member of a particular group.

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 Scope of business ethics
31

 Ethics in Human Resources

 Ethics in Production: it helps with the
companies’ duties to ensure that the product and
the production process do not harm the business
and can support production policies by assessing
the business goals, objectives, and environmental
elements.
 Ethics in Compliance: Ethics undoubtedly are a
crucial element in compliance. Compliance means
we must obey the legal rules and stay within the
established laws while doing business.
 It lessens the possibility of adverse actions like
paying penalties and fines.
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 Cont’d
32

 Ethics in Finance: Ethics work towards handling

all financial problems faced by the company and its
employees. The ethical issues that arise in finance
are Window dressing, insider trading, bribery,
executive compensation, and overbilling.
 Ethics in Marketing: The problems that business
face in marketing without ethics are price
discrimination, price skimming, inappropriate
advertisement content, misleading advertisement,
anti-competitive practice, and black marketing.

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 Business Ethics – History
33

 The history of Ethics goes back to 1970’s when the

term Business Ethics was commonly used.
 Increasingly unethical conduct was found by
corporations during the 1960s.
 To counter this, corporations developed social
responsibility programmes which included
charitable donations and funding local community
projects.

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 Cont’d
34

This new aspect of business ethics

differentiated it from social issues courses in
three ways:
1. It provides an ethical framework for evaluating
business and the corporate world.
2. It allows critical analysis of business and
development of new and different methods.
3. It fused personal and social responsibility
together and gave it a theoretical foundation.

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Cont’d

Graphic
Important Organizer
35
Ethical Questions
Does it violate the law or policies? YES UNETHICAL

NO

What if everyone did this, but it’s bad? YES UNETHICAL

NO

Would this sacrifice long-term benefits for MAY BE

short-term gain? YES UNETHICAL

NO

ETHICAL DECISION

BDU 11/26/2022
Business Ethics: What Does It Really Mean?
36
Business Ethics: Today vs. Earlier Period
Society’s
Expectations
of Business
Ethics

Ethical
Problem

Actual
Ethical Problem Business
Ethics

1950s Time Early 2020s

36 11/26/2022
 Types of Business Ethics
37

 A few of the generally recognized types of

business ethics are mentioned below.
1.Personal Responsibility:-is the
responsibility of individuals to follow
ethical standards. While these might differ
from culture to culture, specific measures
are arguably universal, such as honesty,
diligently, integrity, obeying the law, etc.

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 Cont’d
38

2. Official Responsibilities: entails that the

individual follows the set norms deemed necessary
to dispense duties properly.
 For example, many companies claim to be equal
opportunity organizations that do not discriminate
based on race, gender, religion, or sexual
orientation when hiring employees.
 Corporate culture often has a significant influence
in shaping the official assignments of employees.

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 Cont’d
39

3. Personal loyalties: it can occur between subordinates

and senior officials. A senior official might overlook a
subordinate’s mistake due to some sense of commitment,
or the subordinate might not report an issue caused due to
the manager’s fault.
4. Organizational Loyalties
 Some people have a deep sense of loyalty towards an
organization.
5. Corporate Responsibilities: is try to reduce pollution
or reduce the negative externalities created by the
business.

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 Cont’d
40

6. Economic Responsibilities: is efficient

use of resources is necessary for sustaining
resources for the future.
7. Legal Responsibilities
8.Technical Morality: is specific technical
standards that businesses are expected to
adhere to produce goods and services.
Compromising on these would be deemed
unethical.
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 Cont’d
41

Source: 8 Step Octagonal Concept PowerPoint Template by SlideModel.com

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 Features of Business Ethics
42

There are 8 major features of business ethics:

1. Code of Conduct: It is lets us know what to do
and what not to do.
2. Based on Moral and Social Values: It offers
some moral and social principles (rules) for
conducting a business.
3. Protection to Social Groups
4. offers a Basic Framework: It constructs the
social, cultural, legal, economic, and other limits
in which a business must operate.
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 Cont’d
43

5. Voluntary: It should be self-practiced and must

not be enforced by law.
6.Requires Education & Guidance:
Businessmen should get proper education and
guidance about business ethics.
7. Relative Term: It changes from one business to
another and from one country to another.
8. New Concept: Business ethics is a relatively
newer concept.

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 Principles of Business Ethics
44

The principles of business ethics are related to social

groups that comprise of consumers, employees,
investors, and the local community. The important
rules or principles of business ethics are as follows:
 Avoid Exploitation of Consumers: Do not
cheat and exploit consumer with measures such as
artificial price rise and adulteration.
 Avoid Profiteering: Unscrupulous business
activities such as hoarding, black marketing,
selling banned or harmful goods to earn
exorbitant profits must be avoided.
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 Cont’d
45

 Encourage Healthy Competition: A healthy

competitive atmosphere that offers certain benefits to the
consumers must be encouraged.
 Ensure Accuracy: Accuracy in weighing, packaging
and quality of supplying goods to the consumers has to
be followed.
 Pay Taxes Regularly: Taxes and other duties to
the government must be honestly and regularly paid.
 Get the Accounts Audited: Proper business records,
accounts must be managed. All authorized persons and
authorities should have access to these details.

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 Cont’d
46

 Fair Treatment to Employees: Fair wages or

salaries, facilities and incentives must be provided to
the employees.
 Keep the Investors Informed: The shareholders and
investors must know about the financial and other
important decisions of the company.
 Avoid Injustice and Discrimination: Avoid all types
of injustice and partiality to employees. Discrimination
based on gender, race, religion, language, nationality, etc.
should be avoided.
 No Bribe and Corruption: Do not give expensive
gifts, commissions and payoffs to people having
influence.
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 Cont’d
47

 Discourage Secret Agreement: Making secret agreements

with other business people to influence production, distribution,
pricing etc. are unethical.
 Service before Profit: Accept the principle of "service first and
profit next."
 Practice Fair Business: Businesses should be fair, humane,
efficient and dynamic to offer certain benefits to consumers.
 Avoid Monopoly: No private monopolies and concentration
of economic power should be practiced.
 Fulfill Customers’ Expectations: Adjust your business
activities as per the demands, needs and expectations of the
customers.
 Respect Consumers Rights: Honor the basic rights of the
consumers.
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 Cont’d
48

 Accept Social Responsibilities: Honor

responsibilities towards the society.
 Satisfy Consumers’ Wants: Satisfy the wants of
the consumers as the main objective of the business is
to satisfy the consumer’s wants. All business operations
must have this aim.
 Service Motive: Service and consumer's satisfaction
should get more attention than profit-maximization.
 Optimum Utilization of Resources: Ensure
optimum utilization of resources to remove poverty and
to increase the standard of living of people.
 Intentions of Business: Use permitted legal and
sacred means to do business. Avoid Illegal, unscrupulous
and evil means.
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 Con’d
49

 Follow Woodrow Wilson's rules: There are four

important principles of business ethics.
1. Rule of publicity: According to this principle, the
business must tell the people clearly, what it tends to
do.
2. Rule of equivalent price: The customer should get
proper value for their money. Below standard, outdated
and inferior goods should not be sold at high prices.
3. Rule of conscience in business: The business
persons must have conscience while doing business,
i.e. a morale sense of judging what is right and what is
wrong.
4. Rule of spirit of service: The business must give
importance to the service motive.
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 Importance of Business Ethics
50

1. Ethics in business can stop malpractice and

ensure the safety of society.
2. It will improve the customer’s trust.
3. Business ethics can also help protect employees,
shareholders, dealers, customers, competitors,
etc.
4. a business person who ethically runs a business
will have a positive reputation.
5. When an employer work based on honesty, the
employees will follow in his footsteps. As a
result, The whole company will become
successful.
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 Ethics and the Law
51

 Law often represents an ethical minimum.

 Ethics often represents a standard that
exceeds the legal minimum.
Frequent Overlap

Ethics Law

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 Models of Management Ethics
52

1. Immoral Management—A style devoid

of ethical principles and active opposition
to what is ethical.
2. Moral Management—Conforms to high
standards of ethical behavior.
3. Amoral Management
 Intentional - does not consider ethical factors
 Unintentional - casual or careless about ethical
considerations in business
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Cont’d
53

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Cont’d
54

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 Cont’d
55

BDU 11/26/2022
 External Sources of a Manager’s Values
56

 Religious values
 Philosophical values
 Cultural values
 Legal values
 Professional values

11/26/2022
 Cont’d
57

Regions of
Fellow Workers Fellow Workers
Country

Family Profession
The Individual
Conscience
Friends Employer

The Law Religious

Society at Large
Beliefs

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 Major Determinants of Business Ethics
58

1. Family, School and Religion

2. Peers, Colleagues and Superiors
3. Experiences in Life
4. Values and Morals
5. Threatening Situations
6. Organisational Demands
7. Legislation
8. Government Rules and Regulations
9. Industry and Company Ethical Codes of Behaviour
10. Social Pressures:
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Examples of Ethical Behavior by Businesses
59

Now that we have discussed ethical behavior by

businesses, let’s look at some examples of ethical
conduct.
Prioritizing Consumer Needs
 A business might prioritize consumer needs by
adhering to the best quality standards to ensure that
consumers benefit from the product.
 In the wake of Covid-19, many people tried to hoard
sanitizers to sell them on Amazon.

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 Cont’d
60

Respecting Customer Privacy

 In recent years Facebook has been hit by several scandals
related to breach of user privacy and security. One of the
most famous cases was the revelation that Cambridge
Analytica had been harvesting Facebook data for political
advertising. This data was mined without user consent.
Unfortunately, there are very few places where customer
privacy can be deemed to be genuinely ‘private’. One
example is the search engine called DuckDuckGo, which
ensures users’ privacy by blocking trackers to help people
search free of privacy concerns.

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 Cont’d
61

Transparency
 Some businesses offer a trip to their production of products to
consumers to see how products are produced by adhering to
quality standards.
 Similarly, many companies make some parts of their financial
reports and data public to ensure they are dealing ethically.
 Many businesses are also known to be transparent towards
their employees to gain employee trust and build a better
relationship between employees and the industry.
 One example is the marketing company HubSpot, which is
known to be transparent in sharing financial data and
strategies with their employees.

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 Advantages of business ethics
62

 Enhance Business Reputation: Business

ethics helps in enhancing the reputation of the
organization in the market.
 Positive Work Environment: It helps in
maintaining a positive work environment for
business.
 Improves Customer Happiness: Ethics leads
to improve customer satisfaction with the business.
 Retain Good Employees: Adopting of ethical
principles enable business in retaining good
employees for a longer period.
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 Cont’d
63

 Builds Investor Loyalty: All investor wants to

be associated with the ethical business for earning
better return. They look for reputation, ethics, and
social responsibility of business before choosing
the one to invest their funds.
 Avoid legal Problems: Implementation of
ethical principles ensures that organizations
comply with all labor laws and environmental
regulations.

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 Disadvantages of Business Ethics
64

 Reduce Profits: Business running on an ethical path

needs to forego extra profits which adversely affect their
growth and revenue.
 Time Consuming: Implementation of ethics within the
business practices is a time-consuming process..
 Not Ideal for Small Business: Ethical standards are
not suitable for small scale business as it lower their
profit. Small business cannot afford to lose some profit
for the sake of running their operations ethically.
 Instability: Business ethics are not stable and are
changed from time to time.

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WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CREATING
ETHICS IN AN ORGANIZATION?
65

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 Cont’d
66

 A company’s managers play an important role in

establishing its ethical tone.
 If managers behave as if the only thing that matters
is profit, employees are likely to act in a like manner.
 A company’s leaders are responsible for setting
standards for what is and is not acceptable employee
behavior.
 It’s vital for managers to play an active role in
creating a working environment where employees
are encouraged and rewarded for acting in an ethical
manner.
 The same for country leaders.
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 67

Thank you!!!
End of the chapter

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 Chapter two
Ethics in the work place
68

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 Objective of the chapter
69

At the end of this chapter the students be able to:

1. Define work ethics

2. List and explain Work Ethic Qualities

3. Differentiate Codes of Conduct and Ethics

4. Discuss with Characteristics of workplace ethics

5. Discus with Ways How Managers Can Instill Strong

Work Ethics Among Employees In A Workplace

6. Explain Ethical dilemma and its characteristics

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 Introduction
70

 Ethics in the workplace is even more significant as

it directly impacts the job's quality or output.
 When a person has respect for the work and the
workplace, they naturally become more productive.
 They use the company resources, value time, show
better performance levels, and drive the company
towards success.
 A positive work ethic is the collection of all the
values and actions that people feel are appropriate
in the work place
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 What is work ethics
71

 Work ethic is a set of values based on hard work

and diligence.
 It is not only how one feels about their job, career or
vocation, but also how one does his/her job or
responsibilities.
 Ethical behavior in the workplace, the capacity to
practice honesty, respect, responsibility, fairness, and
compassion
 Work Ethics is attitudes and frame of mind used to
complete any task.
 The principle that hard work is intrinsically virtuous or
worthy of reward.
 The belief that work has a moral benefit and
an inherent ability to strengthen character.
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 Work Ethics for an Employer
72

To provide a safe work environment for

staff and employees
To treat employees with dignity and
respect
To provide a fair wage for the services
rendered
To handle all business transactions with
integrity and honesty

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 Work Ethics for an Employee
73

 To show up on time
 To tend to company business the whole
time while at work
 To treat the company’s resources,
equipment and products with care
 To give respect to the company by working
with honesty and integrity

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 74

List some ethical issues that might

come up at your work place.

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 Work Ethic Qualities
75

 Responsibility - employees show up for work on time and

work diligently to become familiar with job duties and
perform them correctly.
 Flexibility - employees can adjust to changes without
complaining.
 Honesty - employees admit their mistakes and find out
how to prevent making them again.
 Commitment - the quality that supports all your abilities
and skills to build a strong work ethic.
 Excellence – employees make the most of opportunities to
improve their abilities and learn new skills.

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 Cont’d
76

 A reliable employee:
 Arrives at work on time
 Keeps personal matters separate from business
matters
 Works a full shift
 Carries out a variety of assigned tasks without
constant prompting
 Takes on extra work when necessary without
complaint
 Gets enough rest to work effectively
 Maintains good personal, physical and mental
health
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 Cont’d
77

Teamwork – employees work with a large team

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 Cont’d
78

Commitment and Excellence

Responsibility

Flexibility Teamwork

Honestly Reliability

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 Code o conduct
79

 Code of conduct: A directional document

containing specific practices and behavior, that are
followed or restricted under the organization.
 It is a set of enforceable rules companies use to
communicate expectations and requirements for
those within the company.
 It clearly defines which actions or behaviors are
unacceptable within their business.
 It include policies related to dress codes, employee
interactions, technology limit and company property.

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 Code of ethics
80

 Code of ethics is An aspirational document, issued by the

board of directors containing core ethical values, principles
and ideals of the organization.
 It is a set of guiding principles businesses use to define
their moral character, make important business decisions
and establish clear moral expectations for those within
their company.
 Ethical codes work to promote a company's values and
inform the choices of its members. Here are some examples
of items you might see on a company's code of ethics:
 Kindness:
 Integrity:
 Equality:
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81

 Many establishments have created written codes of

ethics, which are designed to remove the guesswork
about what is acceptable and unacceptable behavior.

Employee treatment

Wages, benefits and working

conditions

Behavior of employees and any

other issues that may impact
operations
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Differences Between Code of Ethics and Code
of Conduct
82
 The major differences b/n code of ethics and code of
conduct are described in the given below points:
 Code of Ethics is an aspirational document, issued by the
board of directors containing core ethical values, principles
and ideals of the organization, but Code of Conduct is a
directional document containing specific practices and
behaviour, that are followed or restricted under the
organisation.
 Code of Ethics is general in nature, whereas code of conduct
is specific.
 Code of Conduct are originated from the code of ethics, and
it converts the rules into specific guidelines, that must be
followed by the members of the organisation.
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 Cont’d
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 Lengthwise, code of ethics is a shorter document

than a code of conduct.
 Code of Ethics regulates the judgment of the
organisation while a code of conduct regulates the
actions.
 Code of Ethics is publicly available, i.e. anyone can
access it. Conversely, Code of Conduct is addressed
to employees only.
 Code of Ethics focuses on values or principles. On
the other hand, Code of Conduct is focused on
compliance and rules.

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 Characteristics Of Work Ethics
84

1. Attendance
 Attend workplace, arrives/leaves on time
 Make advance notice for planned
absences
 Punctuality
 Utilizing the full work time.

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 Cont’d
85

2.CHARACTER
 Display loyalty, honesty, trustworthiness, reliability,
dependability, initiative, self discipline and self-
responsibility
3.TEAMWORK
 Team worker, cooperative, assertive, display a customer
service attitude, continuous learning, mannerly
behavior

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4. APPEARANCE
Display appropriate dress, grooming, hygiene
and etiquette
5. ATTITUDE
 Positive attitude, self confident, realistic
expectation of self
6. PRODUCTIVITY
- Safety practices, conserve materials, keep work area neat
and clean, follow directions and procedures

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7. Organizational Skill
 Skill in personal management, time management,
prioritizing, flexibility, stress management and dealing with
chance
8. Communication: Appropriate verbal and non verbal skill
9. Cooperation: Display leadership, appropriate handle criticism
and complaints, demonstrate problem solving capacity, maintain
appropriate relationship with supervisors and peers, and follow
chain of command.
10. Respect: Respect the rights of others, deal appropriately with
cultural/racial diversity and not engaged in harassment of any
kind
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 Business Abuse
88

Any :
 Illegal Act
 Unethical Act
 Irresponsible Act done against an Employer
Results of Business Abuse
 Higher prices
 Business Failure
 Unpleasant Working Conditions
 Stress in personal life

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89

Examples of Business Abuse

 Stealing office items
 Misappropriating Expenses or Money
 Conflict of Interest
 Unauthorized Discounts or favours
 Time
 Vandalism
 Falsify Records & Misrepresent Facts
 Break Confidentiality
 Ignore Safety Rules

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 Cont’d
90

 Poor Client Service

 Irresponsible Behavior
 Addictions
* drugs
* alcohol
* tobacco
 Gossip

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91

Harassment of Co-works or Clients

 Unwelcome sexual advances
 Deliberate delaying of Payments
 Deliberate delay of work
 Interferes work through intimidation

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Ways How Managers Can Instill Strong Work Ethics
Among Employees In A Workplace
92

1. Clear Goals and Objectives:

More often than not, it becomes difficult for employees to
complete tasks without clear goals and objectives. Every
organization follows a definite corporate ethical culture.
Therefore managers need to align them with clear goals
and objectives.
Hence, they can ensure the following points while they do it-
 Goals should be measurable and maintain a fixed time
frame.
 It should be challenging and, at the same time, achievable.
 It must be well accepted by the team members before
implemet
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93

2. Proper Mentoring:
Managers should set clear goals and objectives
regarding the organization's work ethics and code of
conduct.
3. Set a Good Example:
‘‘If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied
down through the organization.’’ Robert Noyce
 If you want to instill good work ethics among your
team, you must lead them from the front.

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4. Create the right Work Environment:

 A disorganized workspace means disorganized
work habits. A sloppy work environment equals
sloppy results. ~Larry Winget

 A clutter-free work environment is a doorway for

clarity of thoughts and ideas. It's a psychologically
proven fact that our physical environment links
directly to our mental wellbeing and productivity.

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95

5. Professionalism:
 The essense of professionalism is the focus upon the
work and its demands, while we are doing it, to the
exclusion of all else. ~Steven Pressfiled
 Professionalism starts with trust, conduct, loyalty,
discipline, and hunger for excellence.
 Employees with this work ethic take work
wholeheartedly and strive to bring excellence in
whichever position they are into.

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 Managers can stimulate professionalism by-

Keeping one’s own word and trust.
Striving for excellence.
Being respectful, honest and transparent.
Acting with integrity.
Keeping a learning attitude.
One with professional work ethics is always well-
perceived by their peers. And they always enjoy
their work-life with contentment.

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6. Discipline;
It is one of the core elements of work-ethics, and
management must be very particular about this aspect.
When discipline becomes part of the company culture, it
will resonate with all your workforce employees.
 Discipline begins with punctuality. Managers can put
particular emphasis on maintaining punctuality in the
organization.
 Discipline helps maintain the decorum of the workplace.
Would you enjoy working in an environment with
constant chattering? Or can you concentrate on your
daily tasks with high disturbances? Thus, discipline helps
team members work efficiently towards desired goals
and objectives of the organization.
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7. Understand your Employees’ Needs:

 If want to create a highly motivated workplace you
must acknowledge the needs of your employees.

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8. A Culture of Constant Feedback:

 Elon Musk rightly said, “I think it’s very important to have a
feedback loop, where you’re constantly thinking about what
you’ve done and how you could be doing it better.”
 Feedback is an essential part of the
workplace communication cycle, and hence, constant
feedback plays a vital role in nurturing an environment with
good work ethics. Honest and constructive feedback is
essential for any organization to build a culture for
continuous improvement.
 Facilitate open discussions, transparent work culture,
suggestions, and rigorous exchange of ideas and information.
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9. Fuel their Spirits: is by rewarding people for

showcasing good work ethics.
‘‘Keep your eyes open and try to catch people
in your company doing something right, then
praise them for it’’. ~Tom Hopkins
 Human beings have an intrinsic need to thrive for
appreciation.
 Rewarding and recognizing is a good practice to
ensure that the momentum of appreciation is
maintained.

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10. Eliminate Obstacles:

 Finally, to instill strong work ethics among your
employees, you must eliminate the hurdles in their
way.
 Negativity in the workplace, office politics, strict
hierarchy, lack of recognition, and inadequate
benefits can lower workplace morale.
 Identify the factors, talk to them, and be respectful.
It could be anything from internal
miscommunication among team members to
undefined company culture or any personal issues.

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 Ethical Dilemma
102

 An ethical dilemma is a situation where one is in

conflict between moral imperatives.
 It is also known as ethical paradox or moral
dilemma.
 It is a situation in which it cannot be determined
whether the action is right or wrong.

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 Characteristics of Ethical Dilemma
103

1. Choice between equally undesirable alternatives

2. Different courses of action possible
3. Involves value judgments about actions or consequences
4. Data will not help resolve issue
5. Different sources (psychology, theology) offer solutions
6. Unfavourable outcomes will result
7. Choices have far-reaching effects on persons,
relationships and society
8. Resources which must be allocated are finite or limited
9. Can be resolved, not solved
10. There is no “right” or “wrong”.

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 Steps in Ethical Decision Making
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1. Identify the central ethical problem

2. Identify affected parties and their interests
3. Search for possible solutions for the dilemma
4. Evaluate each solution using the interests of
those involved, accorded suitable priority.
5. Select and justify the solution that best resolves
the dilemma

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Advantages of Managing Ethics in Workplaces
105
1. Significant improvement to society
2. Cultivate strong team work and productivity- Employees
become motivated as they feel strong alignment between
their values and those of organisation.
3. Support employee growth- It supports the employees in
facing the entire situation whether good or bad.
4. Insurance policy – It ensures the employees that all the
policies are legal and all the employees are treated equally
in the organisation.
5. Avoid penal action-
6. Helps in quality management, strategic planning and
diversity management.
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Thank you!!!
End of the second chapter

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