MODULE 1

OVERVIEW TO RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS

INTRODUCTION
This is a course that designed to familiarize you with the role of Rizal and other National Heroes in the
development of nationalism and national independence movement. It embraces the youth's role in
nation building. It shall also include the important episodes in Rizal's Life with emphasis on his literary
works: Novels, Poems, Essays and Letters. It presents a new perspective on Rizal's true worth as
a
conscientious builder of the Filipino nation with a clear view of its aspirations and as a champion of the
rights of the Filipinos. It presents a new dimension to Rizal's role as a citizen of the world in espousing
and defending human rights and fundamental freedom.

This course will help you to understand and appreciate the contributions of Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal to our
national heritage, the influences of their thoughts on our basic life and destiny of the Philippine Republic,
and the universality of their principles.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of Week, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the overview of the course and the course requirements.
2. Explain the history of the Rizal Law and its important provisions.
3. Determine the issues and interests at stake in the debate over the Rizal Bill.
4. Relate the issues to the present-day Philippines.

Read: Introduction and Overview of studying Rizal’s Life and Writings

ACTIVITY : Discuss the following questions below to the class.

1. Why is there a need to study the life and works of Jose Rizal?
2. Reasons why Jose Rizal was chosen and declared as Philippine National Hero.
3. Basis used by the Commission in choosing the National Hero.
4. What is the deliberative case why and why not publish or study the life and book of Rizal?
5. Who were the senators against in publishing Rizal Book and the major reasons why they
do not want to publish the book of Rizal?

Reflection: What did you learn from the two deliberative issues between the two groups and
what is your personal stand about this issues?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
MODULE 1
OVERVIEW TO RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS

INTRODUCTION
This is a course that designed to familiarize you with the role of Rizal and other National Heroes in the
development of nationalism and national independence movement. It embraces the youth's role in
nation building. It shall also include the important episodes in Rizal's Life with emphasis on his literary
works: Novels, Poems, Essays and Letters. It presents a new perspective on Rizal's true worth as
a
conscientious builder of the Filipino nation with a clear view of its aspirations and as a champion of the
rights of the Filipinos. It presents a new dimension to Rizal's role as a citizen of the world in espousing
and defending human rights and fundamental freedom.

This course will help you to understand and appreciate the contributions of Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal to our
national heritage, the influences of their thoughts on our basic life and destiny of the Philippine Republic,
and the universality of their principles.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of Week, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the overview of the course and the course requirements.
2. Explain the history of the Rizal Law and its important provisions.
3. Determine the issues and interests at stake in the debate over the Rizal Bill.
4. Relate the issues to the present-day Philippines.

Read: Introduction and Overview of studying Rizal’s Life and Writings

ACTIVITY : Discuss the following questions below to the class.

1. Why is there a need to study the life and works of Jose Rizal?
2. Reasons why Jose Rizal was chosen and declared as Philippine National Hero.
3. Basis used by the Commission in choosing the National Hero.
4. What is the deliberative case why and why not publish or study the life and book of Rizal?
5. Who were the senators against in publishing Rizal Book and the major reasons why they
do not want to publish the book of Rizal?

Reflection: What did you learn from the two deliberative issues between the two groups and
what is your personal stand about this issues?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
MODULE 1
OVERVIEW TO RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS

INTRODUCTION
This is a course that designed to familiarize you with the role of Rizal and other National Heroes in the
development of nationalism and national independence movement. It embraces the youth's role in
nation building. It shall also include the important episodes in Rizal's Life with emphasis on his literary
works: Novels, Poems, Essays and Letters. It presents a new perspective on Rizal's true worth as
a
conscientious builder of the Filipino nation with a clear view of its aspirations and as a champion of the
rights of the Filipinos. It presents a new dimension to Rizal's role as a citizen of the world in espousing
and defending human rights and fundamental freedom.

This course will help you to understand and appreciate the contributions of Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal to our
national heritage, the influences of their thoughts on our basic life and destiny of the Philippine Republic,
and the universality of their principles.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of Week, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the overview of the course and the course requirements.
2. Explain the history of the Rizal Law and its important provisions.
3. Determine the issues and interests at stake in the debate over the Rizal Bill.
4. Relate the issues to the present-day Philippines.

Read: Introduction and Overview of studying Rizal’s Life and Writings

ACTIVITY : Discuss the following questions below to the class.

1. Why is there a need to study the life and works of Jose Rizal?
2. Reasons why Jose Rizal was chosen and declared as Philippine National Hero.
3. Basis used by the Commission in choosing the National Hero.
4. What is the deliberative case why and why not publish or study the life and book of Rizal?
5. Who were the senators against in publishing Rizal Book and the major reasons why they
do not want to publish the book of Rizal?

Reflection: What did you learn from the two deliberative issues between the two groups and
what is your personal stand about this issues?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
MODULE 1
OVERVIEW TO RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS

INTRODUCTION
This is a course that designed to familiarize you with the role of Rizal and other National Heroes in the
development of nationalism and national independence movement. It embraces the youth's role in
nation building. It shall also include the important episodes in Rizal's Life with emphasis on his literary
works: Novels, Poems, Essays and Letters. It presents a new perspective on Rizal's true worth as
a
conscientious builder of the Filipino nation with a clear view of its aspirations and as a champion of the
rights of the Filipinos. It presents a new dimension to Rizal's role as a citizen of the world in espousing
and defending human rights and fundamental freedom.

This course will help you to understand and appreciate the contributions of Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal to our
national heritage, the influences of their thoughts on our basic life and destiny of the Philippine Republic,
and the universality of their principles.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of Week, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the overview of the course and the course requirements.
2. Explain the history of the Rizal Law and its important provisions.
3. Determine the issues and interests at stake in the debate over the Rizal Bill.
4. Relate the issues to the present-day Philippines.

Read: Introduction and Overview of studying Rizal’s Life and Writings

ACTIVITY : Discuss the following questions below to the class.

1. Why is there a need to study the life and works of Jose Rizal?
2. Reasons why Jose Rizal was chosen and declared as Philippine National Hero.
3. Basis used by the Commission in choosing the National Hero.
4. What is the deliberative case why and why not publish or study the life and book of Rizal?
5. Who were the senators against in publishing Rizal Book and the major reasons why they
do not want to publish the book of Rizal?
Reflection: What did you learn from the two deliberative issues between the two groups and
what is your personal stand about this issues?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
MODULE 1
OVERVIEW TO RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS

INTRODUCTION
This is a course that designed to familiarize you with the role of Rizal and other National Heroes in the
development of nationalism and national independence movement. It embraces the youth's role in
nation building. It shall also include the important episodes in Rizal's Life with emphasis on his literary
works: Novels, Poems, Essays and Letters. It presents a new perspective on Rizal's true worth as
a
conscientious builder of the Filipino nation with a clear view of its aspirations and as a champion of the
rights of the Filipinos. It presents a new dimension to Rizal's role as a citizen of the world in espousing
and defending human rights and fundamental freedom.

This course will help you to understand and appreciate the contributions of Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal to our
national heritage, the influences of their thoughts on our basic life and destiny of the Philippine Republic,
and the universality of their principles.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of Week, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the overview of the course and the course requirements.
2. Explain the history of the Rizal Law and its important provisions.
3. Determine the issues and interests at stake in the debate over the Rizal Bill.
4. Relate the issues to the present-day Philippines.

Read: Introduction and Overview of studying Rizal’s Life and Writings

ACTIVITY : Discuss the following questions below to the class.

1. Why is there a need to study the life and works of Jose Rizal?
2. Reasons why Jose Rizal was chosen and declared as Philippine National Hero.
3. Basis used by the Commission in choosing the National Hero.
4. What is the deliberative case why and why not publish or study the life and book of Rizal?
5. Who were the senators against in publishing Rizal Book and the major reasons why they
do not want to publish the book of Rizal?

Reflection: What did you learn from the two deliberative issues between the two groups and
what is your personal stand about this issues?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 1: Advent of a National Hero

THE BIRTH OF A HERO

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
• His birthdate -June 19, 1861, Wednesday, between 11 and midnight.
• His mother almost died during delivery because of his big head.
• He was baptized in the Catholic Church on June 22, 1861 by Father Rufino Collantes. Father
Pedro Casanas- godfather

• The name Jose was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of St. Joseph

RIZAL’S PARENTS • • •

••

FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL (father) He was born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818 He
studied Latin and Philosophy at College of San Jose in Manila He moved to Calamba after his
parents death and become a tenant farmer of the Dominicans owned hacienda Rizal called him “a
model of father” He died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80.

••

TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA (mother) She was born in Manila on November 8, 1826 She
studied at the college of Sta. Rosa, a well known college for girls in the city. According to Rizal
“my mother is a woman of more than ordinary culture; she knows literature and speaks Spanish
better than i. she corrected my poems and gave me good advice when I was studying rhetoric. She
is a mathematician and has read many books.” She died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the age
of 85.

THE RIZAL CHILDREN • • • • • • • • • • •

SATURNINA- Neneng PACIANO- confidant of rizal NARCISA- Sisa OLIMPIA- Ypia LUCIA
MARIA- Biang JOSE- Pepe CONCEPCION- Concha, died at the age of 3 JOSEFA- Panggoy
TRINIDAD- Trinidad SOLEDAD- Choleng

THE SURNAME RIZAL • Real surname of the family was Mercado, which was adopted by in
1731 by Domingo Lameo. • Rizal was given by a Spanish Alcalde Mayor(provincial governor) of
Laguna. Mercado-market Rizal- a field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again or
evergreen fields.

A GOOD AND MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILY • The family belonged to the principalia or town
aristocracy. • They harvested rice, corn and sugarcane from the farm rented from the Dominican
priest. • They also raised pigs, chicken and turkeys in the backyard. • Doña Teodora managed a
general goods store and operated a small flour mill and a home made ham press • They owned a
large stone house and a carriage • They are the first to owned a private library with more than
1,000 volumes of books • They sent their children to college in Manila.
HOME LIFE OF THE RIZAL • TRAINED THEIR CHILDREN TO LOVE God, behave well, be
obedient, respect people. • Believed in “spare the rod and spoil the child” • Heard mass in town
during Sundays and Christian holidays.

• Prayed daily- angelus at nightfall and the rosary before going to bed.

chapter 2 Childhood Years in Calamba

Earliest Childhood Memories • 3 years old, in his little nipa cottage while watching the birds •
Daily angelus prayer • Happy moonlight nights at the azotea after the rosary; his aya related
stories about fairies, buried treasures and trees blooming with diamonds • Noctural walk in the
town when there was moon.

FIRST SORROW “When I was four years old, I lost my little sister Concha, and then for the first
time I shed tears caused by love and grief…”

Devoted Son of Church • At three years old, he began to take part in the family prayers. • At five,
he was able to read the Spanish family bible • He loved to go to church to pray, to take part in
novenas and to join the religious processions. • One of the men he esteemed and respected in
Calamba during his boyhood was the scholarly Father Leoncio Lopez, the town priest.

Pilgrimage to Antipolo • On June 6, 1898, Jose and his father left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage
to Antipolo. • First trip across Laguna de Bay and first pilgrimage to Antipolo.

The Story of the Moth • “Moths talked; they knew how to warn. They advised just like my
mother”

• “It had died martyr to its own illusions” “TO SACRIFICE ONE’S LIFE FOR AN IDEAL IS
WORTHWHILE”

Artistic Talents • At the age of five, he began to make sketches with his pencil and to mould clay
and wax objects which attracted his fancy “ALL RIGHT LAUGH AT ME NOW! SOMEDAY
WHEN I DIE, PEOPLE WILL MAKE MONUMENTS AND IMAGES OF ME!”

Influences on Hero’s Boyhood 1.

Hereditary Influences •

••••

Malayan ancestor-Rizal evidently, inherited his love for freedom, his innate desire to travel, and
his indomitable courage. Chinese ancestor-he derived his serious nature, frugality, patience, and
love for children. Spanish ancestor-he got his elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult, and
gallantry to ladies. Father-sense of self-respect, love for work, habit of independent thinking.
Mother-religious nature, spirit of self sacrifice, passion for arts and literatures.

2. Environmental Influences
••••••

•••

Scenic beauty of Calamba Religious atmosphere at home, Paciano-love for freedom and justice
Sister-courtesy and kindness to women Aya-interest in folklore and legends Tio Jose Alberto-
inspired him to develop his artistic abilities Tio Manuel- encourage him to develop his body by
physical exercises, horse riding, walking and wrestling Tio Gregorio-intensified his voracious
reading of good books Father Leoncio lopez-love for scholarship and intellectual honesty
Execution of Gom-Bur-Za-awakened his spirit of partriotism to redeem his oppressed people.

3. Aid of the Divine Providence “Greater than heredity and environment in the fate of man is the
aid of the divine providence. A person may have everything in life- brains, wealth, and power-
but without the aid of the great Providence, he cannot attain greatness in the annals of the nation.
”

chapter 3 Early Education in Calamba and Biñan

THE HERO’S FIRST TEACHER Doña Teodora • Taught Rizal the alphabet and prayers

• Patient, conscientious and understanding • Discovered Rizal's talent for poetry

• Tells story to stimulate her son’s imagination

PRIVATE TUTORS in Calamba • Maestro Celestino

• Maestro Lucas Padua • Leon Monroy- former classmate of Rizal’s father and instructed him in
Spanish and Latin

JOSE GOES TO BIÑAN • Accompanied by Paciano one Sunday afternoon in June 1869 •
Proceed to their Aunt’s house where Jose will lodge • Jose went sightseeing with his cousin
Leandro

FIRST DAY IN BIÑAN SCHOOL MAESTRO JUSTINIANO AQUINO CRUZ’S SCHOOL

Rizal’s maestro • The school was the house of the teacher, 30 meters from the home of Jose’s
aunt • Engaged in school fight on the first day

PAINTING LESSONS IN BIÑAN • Juancho, father in-law of the school teacher • Spent many
leisure hours at the studio • Jose and his classmate Jose Guevara became apprentices of the old
painter

BEST STUDENT IN SCHOOL • Jose beat all his classmates in academic studies.(Spanish, Latin
and studies) • Some were jealous of his intellectual superiority • Thus discerning Jose to the
teacher’s eyes.

END OF BIÑAN SCHOOLING • Before Christmas season in 1870, he received a letter from
Saturnina informing him of the arrival of the steamer Talim that would take him to Calamba. • He
left Biñan in december 17, 1870 after a year and a half of schooling.

MARTYRDOM OF GOM-BUR-ZA • Executed at sunrise, February17, 1872 17 years later, in a

letter to Mariano Ponce, he said: “At the sight of those injustices and cruelties while still a child
my imagination has been awakened and I swore to devote my self to avenge one day so many
victims and with this idea in mind I have been studying, and this can be read in all my works and
writings. God will someday give me an opportunity to carry out my promise”

INJUSTICE TO HERO’S MOTHER • Before June 1872 Doña Teodora was arrested on a
malicious charge that she and her brother Jose Alberto tried to poison the later’s wife. • Doña
Teodora was forced to walked from Calamba to Sta. Cruz(50km)

• Was incarcerated for 2 ½ years

chapter 4 Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877)

• SAN JUAN DE LETRAN - Dominican owned college and a rival of Ateneo de Manila. •
ATENEO MUNICIPAL - formerly known as Escuela Pia, a charity school for poor boys in
Manila which was established by 1817 and later became Ateneo de Manila. Rizal took and passed
the examination in COLLEGE OF SAN JUAN DE LETRAN but he enrolled in ATENEO when
he came back to Manila.

RIZAL ENTERS ATENEO • FATHER MAGIN FERRANDO (college registrar) - refused to

admit Jose Rizal because ; He was late for registration He was sickly and undersized for his age •
MANUEL XEREZ BURGOS – nephew of Father Burgos, helped Rizal to be admitted to Ateneo
in the condition he will used the second surname • RIZAL - surname used by Jose Rizal because
Mercado became under suspicion by the Spanish authorities. • MERCADO – surname used by
Paciano • TITAY – owner of the boarding house where Rizal boarded to settle the bill owed by
Titay by about Php300.00

JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION Reasons why Jesuit System was advanced than other
college It trained the character of students by rigid discipline and religious instruction. It
promotes physical culture, humanities and scientific studies. Aside from academic courses
leading to AB, it offers vocational course in agriculture, commerce, mechanics and surveying.
They were given splendid professors. They acquired prestige as an excellent college for boys.

TWO GROUPS OF STUDENT • Roman Empire (internos/boarders) -RED FLAG • Carthaginian

Empire (externos/non-boarders) BLUE FLAG

5 RANKS EMPEROR TRIBUNE DECURION CENTURION STANDARD BEARER •

RAYADILLO – official uniform of Ateneo students

• FATHER JOSE BECH – first teacher of Rizal in Ateneo Rizal was placed as a flag bearer but
after a week he showed his progress and after a month he became the emperor. • SANTA
ISABEL COLLEGE – where Rizal took his Spanish lessons during recess and paid for Php 3.00
Rizal returned to Calamba for his vacation. Saturnina brought him to Tanawan to visit their
mother to cheer him up. After the vacation he returned to Ateneo for his second year. He stayed at
DOÑA PEPAY house, an old landlady with widowed daughter and four sons.

SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-1874) He again became an emperor; he also received

excellent grades in all subjects and a gold medal. In March 1874, he returned to Calamba for his
vacation. PROPHECY OF MOTHER’S RELEASE • Doña Teodora was released in the jail after
3 months like what Jose Rizal said. • St. Joseph – Rizal was comparable because of his
interpretation about his mother’s release.

TEENAGE INTEREST IN READING TWO FAVORITE NOVELS OF RIZAL • THE COUNT

OF MONTE CRISTO by Alexander Dumas • TRAVEL IN THE PHILIPPINES by Feodor Jagor
• UNIVERSAL HISTORY by Cesar Cantus – he wishes to buy THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO
(1874-1875) He only got 1 medal in his Latin subject, then on March 1875 he returned to
Calamba.

FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1875-1876) JUNE 16,1875 – Rizal became an interno in Ateneo
FATHER FRANCISCO SANCHEZ - Rizal’s favorite teacher

Rizal won 5 medals and topped in all subjects and on March, 1876 he returned to Calamba. Rizal
became the pride of the Jesuits and he obtained highest grades in all subjects. He received the
degree of Bachelor of Arts with the highest honors during commencement exercise.

EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN ATENEO He was an emperor and a campus leader

outside. Secretary of the Marian Congregation Member of Academy of Spanish Literature
Member of Academy of Natural Sciences FATHER JOSE VILLACLARA – advised Rizal to
stop communing with the muses but to pay more attention to practical studies.

Rizal studied painting at AGUSTIN SAEZ and sculpture under ROMUALDO DE JESUS, a
Filipino sculptor.

SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO •

THE VIRGIN MARY - he carved an image with Batikuling (Phil. Hardwood) with his pocket
knife

• FATHER LLEONART – requested Rizal to carved an image of SACRED HEART OF JESUS

POEMS MADE BY RIZAL IN ATENEO Doña Teodora was the first one to discover Rizal’s
poetical talent while Fr. Sanchez helped Rizal to develop his talent. Poems written by Rizal:

Mi Primera Inspiration (My First Inspiration) - dedicated to Rizal’s mother Through Education
Our Motherland Receives Light The Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education To
the Child To the Virgin Mary
DRAMATIC WORK IN ATENEO • Father Sanchez requested Rizal to wrote a drama based with
ST. EUSTACE THE MARTYR and on June 2, 1876, Rizal had finished the drama.

FIRST ROMANCE OF RIZAL • SEGUNDA KATIGBAK – a 14 yr. old Batangueña from Lipa
whom Rizal first fell in love with but Segunda was already engaged to Manuel Luz. • MARIANO
KATIGBAK – brother of Segunda.She studied in LA CONCORDIA COLLEGE where Segunda
and Olimpia (Rizal’s sister) also studied

chapter 5 Medical Studies at the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)

2 courses enrolled at UST Philosophy and Letters(1877-1878) Medicine • Don Francisco and
Paciano wanted Jose to pursue higher learning in the university. • Doña Teodora opposed the idea
and told her husband “Don’t send him to Manila again; he knows enough. If he gets to know
more, the Spaniards will cut off his head.”

RIZAL ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY • April 1877, Rizal at 16 years old, entered University of
Santo Tomas 2 reasons why he enrolled Philosophy and Letters His father liked it He was not
sure what career to pursue Father Pablo Ramon-Rector of the Ateneo- Rizal asked for advice on
the choice of career He took up a medical course 1878-1879 because; He followed Ateneo
Rector’s advice Wanted to cure his mother’s growing blindness

FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN ATENEO 1878 • He took a vocational course in Ateneo

during his first term in UST. • The course lead to the title of PERITO AGRIMENSOR (expert
surveyor). • He passed the final examination at the age of 17. • He was granted the title on
November 25, 1881. • His loyalty to Ateneo continued.

President of the Academy of Spanish Literature Secretary of the Academy of Natural Sciences
Secretary of the Marian Congregation

ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS • “MISS L” A girl with seductive eyes The romance died a
natural death because: The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in his heart His father did
not like the family of “Miss L”

• LEONOR VALENZUELA Daughter of Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela, their
neighbors who were from Pagsanjan, Laguna Her pet name was “Orang” Rizal sent notes to her
made with in visible ink (salt solution)

• LEONOR RIVERA Jose boarded in Casa Tomasina (No.6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros)
Daughter of his land lord-uncle from Camiling, Antonio Rivera She was a student at La
Concordia College, also the school of Soledad, Jose’s youngest sister Born in Camiling, Tarlac on
April 11, 1867 She used the name “Taimis” in her letters to Rizal

VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICER’S BRUTALITY • Setting: Dark night, summer vacation 1878.
Calamba • He passed by a lieutenant of the Guardia Civil but failed to recognized the latter. •
Insulted, the lieutenants lashed Jose’s back with his sword.

• Jose reported to General Primo de Rivera, Spanish governor general, but no resolution was done
because of racial discrimination.

TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (1879) •

•••

Literary contest by Artistico-Literario (Artistic-Literary Lyceum) Rizal, 18 years old, submitted

his poem entitled A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)The first prize, a feather shaped,
gold ribbon decorated silver pen was given to Rizal In the poem, Rizal beseeched the Filipino to
rise from lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter than the wind and descend with art science to
break the chains that have long bound the spirit of the people. The poem is a classic. Two
reasons: It was the first great poem in Spanish written by a Filipino whose merit was recognized
by Spanish literary authorities It expressed for the first time the nationalistic concept that the
Filipinos, and not the foreigners were the “fair hope of the Fatherland.”

THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS (1880) Another literary contest by the ArtisticLiterary Lyceum
to commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of Cervantes, Spanish and author of Don
Quixote. Manuel De Cervantes– Spain’s glorified man of letter • Rizal submitted anallegorical
drama, El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods). • The allegory was based on Greek
classics. • Rizal was aided by Father Rector of the Ateneo in securing the needed reference
materials. • The contest was participated by priest, laymen, professors of UST, news paper men
and scholars. • Rizal won the first price; he received a gold ring engraved with bust of Cervantes.
• D.N. Del Puzo– a Spanish writer won the 2nd price.

OTHER LITERARY WORKS •

1879: Abde-al-Azis y Mahoma A poem, declaimed by an Atenean, manuel Fernandezon

December 8, 1879 in honor of the Ateneo’s Patroness.

1880: Justo al Pasig(Beside the Pasig) Azarzuela, staged by the Atenean son December 8, 1880
on the Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception, Patroness of the Ateneo. Rizal wrote it as
President of the Academy of Spanish Literature.

1880: A Filipinas A sonnet, for the album of the Society of Sculptors Rizal urged all Filipino
artist to glorify the Philippines.

1881: Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon A poem, an expression of affection to Father Pablo Ramon, the
Ateneo rector.
RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN May 1881- Jose, along with his sisters
Saturnina, Maria, and Trinidad and female friends went on a pilgrimate to Pakil, famous shrine of
the Birhen Maria de los Dolores. • • •

••

They boarded a casco (aflat-bottom sailing vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna They stayed at
the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, parents of Nicolas, Rizal’s friend in Manila The
company witnessed the famous turumba, the people dancing in honor of the miraculous Birhen
Maria de los Dolores Rizal was infatuated by Vicenta Ybardolaza She was skillful in playing the
harp at the Regalado home Rizal and his party then went to Pagsanjan for two reasons It was the
native town of Leonor Valenzuela To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls

CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS • There were frequent student brawls between the
Filipino sand the Spaniards • 1880: Rizal founded Compañerismo (Comradeship),a secret society
of Filipino UST students. The members were called “Companions of Jehu”. • He was the chief of
the society.

• His cousin, Galicano Apacible was the secretary. • In one of the skirmishes, Rizal was wounded
on the head. His friends brought him to Casa Tomas in a where Leonor Rivera took care of him.

UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST Rizal was unhappy in the Dominican institution because: The
Dominican professors were hostile to him The Filipino students were racially discriminated by
the Spaniards The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive. He failed to win high
scholastic honors due to the attitude of his professors.

DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD Rizal decided to study in Spain after finishing the fourth year
of his medical course. The people who approved this are the following: His older brother Paciano
His sisters Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia Uncle Antonio Rivera The Valenzuela family Some
friends

The people who did not know of his decision are the following: Rizal’s parents Leonor Rivera
Spanish authorities

chapter 6

In Sunny Spain(1882-1885)

The Secret Mission To observe keenly the life and culture, languages and costume, industries and
commerce, and government and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself in the
mighty task of liberating his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny. May 20, 1882- Paciano
disclosed the Rizalian secret mission in his letter to his younger brother.

Secret Departure For Spain • •

••••••
Person who knows Rizal’s secret departure for Spain: Paciano Antonio Rivera (his uncle; father
of Leonor Rivera) Neneng and Lucia (his Sister) Valenzuela Family (Captain Juan and Capitana
Sunday and their daughter Orang) Pedro A. Paterno Mateo Evangelista (his Compadre) The
Ateneo Jesuit Priests Some intimate friends, including Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio)

• Jose Mercado- the name of his cousin from Biñan he used as his name.

• May 3, 1882- Rizal departed on board the Spanish steamer SALVADORA bound for Singapore.

Singapore During the voyage to Singapore he carefully observed the people and things on board
the steamer. • 16 passengers- 5 or 6 ladies, many children, and the rest were gentlemen. • Donato
Lecha- ship captain of steamer the SALVADORA • May 8, 1882- Rizal saw a beautiful island,
fascinated by its scenic beauty. He remember “Talim Island with the Susong Dalaga”.

CHESS- the game played with his fellow passengers who were much older than him.This will
relieve his tedious boredom of the sea voyage.

MESEILLEISE- the song that he liked while he was on the ship

Singapore Hotel dela Paz•Rizal landed in Singapore and registered at the hotel. He spent two
days on a sight seeing soiree of the city which was a colony of England. •He saw the famous
Botanical Garden, the beautiful Buddhist temple, the busy shopping district, and the statute of Sir
Thomas Stanford Raffles(founder of Singapore).

From Singapore to Colombo • DJEMNAH- a French steamer which Rizal when he left Singapore
for Europe • May 11, 1882- the Djemnah reached POINT GALLE a seacoast town in southern
Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) • COLOMBO- the capital of Ceylon.

First Trip Through Suez Canal • CAFÉ OF GUARDAFUI, AFRICA- Rizal called the place
“inhospitable land but famous”. • ADEN- Rizal next stop over. He was amused to see the canals,
for it was the first time he saw camels.

• RED SEA TERMINAL OF THE SUEZ CANAL- the city of suez where the Djemnah
proceeded after leaving Aden.

• SUEZ CANAL- was built by FERDINAND DE LESSEPS (French diplomat engineer). It was
inaugurated on November 17, 1869.

Naples and Marseilles • June 11 – Rizal reached Naples, an Italian city Rizal was fascinated by
MOUNT VESUVIUS and CASTLE OF ST. TELMO. • June 12- The boat anchored at
Marseilles. He visited the famous Chateau d’If, where Dantes, hero of the The Count of Monte
Cristo, was imprisoned. Rizal stayed here for 2½ days.

Barcelona •MAY 16, 1882– he reached BARCELONA; the greatest city of CATALUÑA and
Spain’s 2nd largest city. •LAS RAMBLAS–famous street in Barcelona. •PLAZA DE
CATALUÑA–the place where a welcome party for Rizal was made by Rizal’s schoolmates at
Ateneo.
•

AMOR PATRIO (Love of Country) -he wrote it in Barcelona; this is a nationalistic essay which
was first written in Spanish soil under the pseudonym of Dimas– Alang Published in two text
Spanish–Rizal Filipino–M.H. del Pilar DIARYONG TAGALOG– first Manila bilingual
newspaper FRANCISCO CALVO– editor of Diaryong Tagalog; member of editorial staff TWO
PEN NAMES USED BY RIZAL DIMAS–ALANG– used in joining the Masonry LAONG
LAAN– used in his essay THREE ARTICLES FOR DIARYONG TAGALOG Amor Patrio
(Love of Country) Los Viajes (Travels) Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid)– it was returned
to him because of financial reasons Then Rizal moves to Madrid.

SAD NEWS FROM HOME Spread of Cholera that was ravaging Manila and other provinces
Leonor Rivera was getting thinner because of an absence of a loved one. LIFE IN MADRID • He
enrolled at UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID (Central University of Madrid) • 2
courses enrolled (MEDICINE, PHILOSOPHY & LETTERS) • Took lessons at the Academy of
San Carlos (Painting & Sculpture) • He also took private lessons in (GERMAN, FRENCH &
ENGLISH)

Romance with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez • Rizal was not handsome man. He was neither dashing
nor imposing, for he was a shy small man-a few inches above five feet in height. But he
possessed an aura of charisma due to his many- splendored talents and noble character which
made him attractive to romantic young woman. Rizal was attracted by Consuelo’s beauty and
vivacity. • Don Pablo- father of Consuelo

• August 22, 1883 - Rizal composed a lovely poem dedicated to Consuelo. • A La Senorita C.O. y
P.(To Miss C. O. y P.) • He expressed his admiration for her. He found solace and joy in her
company.

Before his romance with Consuelo could blossom into to a serious affair, he suddenly backed out
for two reasons: 1. He was still engaged to Leonor Rivera 2. His friend and co-worker in
propaganda movement, Eduardo de Lete, was madly in love with Consuelo.

THEY ASKED ME FOR VERSES In 1882, shortly after his arrival in Madrid, Rizal joined the
Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Philippine Circle), a society of Spaniards and Filipino. Upon
the request of the members of this society, he wrote a poem entitled “Me Piden Versos” (they ask
me for verses) which he personally declaimed during the New Years Eve.

Rizal as Lover of Book Rizal’s Collection of Books: • The Bible • Hebrew Grammar • Lives of
the Presidents of the United States from Washington to Johnson • Complete works of Voltaire (9
volumes) • Complete works of C. Bernard (16 volumes)

• History of the the French Revolution • The wandering Jew • Ancient Poetry • Works of
Thucydides • The Byzantine Empire • The Characters by La Bruyere • The Renaissance • Uncle
Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Works of Alexander Dumas • Louis XIV • His Court

Rizal’s First Visit to Paris (1883) • June 17 to August 20, 1883 Rizal left Madrid for Paris to
spend his summer and to observe the big French City.

Rizal as a Mason • Rizal got contacts with the Liberal and Republican Masons. In 1883, he joined
the MASONIC LODGE ACACIA in Madrid adopting the Masonic name DIMAS–ALANG.
REASONS WHY HE JOINED MASONRY • The bad friars in the Philippines, by their abuses
unworthy of their priestly habit, drove Rizal to desperation and to masonry. He needed to help the
masons to fight the bad friars in the Philippines. • Upon November 15, 1892 he became the
master mason of LODGE SOLIDARIDAD and on February 15, 1892 he became the master
mason of LE GRAND DE ORIENT FRANCE in Paris.

Financial Worries • Don Francisco (the Hero’s father)- he was a good raiser of turkeys • June 25,
1884- Rizal was broke, he was unable to take breakfast that day. His allowance from the
Philippines did not arrived

Rizal’s Salute to Luna and Hidalgo • June 25, 1884- Rizal was a guest speaker in a banquet held
in honor and celebrate the double victory of the Filipino artist in the National Exposition of Fine
Arts in Madrid. Juan Luna- Spoliarium winning first prize. Felix Resurreccion HidalgoChristian
Virgins Exposed to the Populace winning second prize.

Rizal Involved in Student Demonstrations • June 20-22, 1884- the serene city of Madrid exploded
in bloody riots by the students of the Central University. Dr. Miguel Morayta – Professor of
History – He proclaimed “the freedom of science and the teacher” Doctor Creus – A very
unpopular man, disliked by everybody.

Studies Completed in Spain • June 21, 1884 - he passed all subject leading to the degree of
Doctor of Medicine. – He was not awarded his Doctor's Diploma because of not presenting his
thesis required for graduation nor paid the corresponding fees. • June 19, 1884 - he also finished
his studies in Philosophy and Letters, with a higher grades. – He was awarded the degree of
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid.

chapter 7 Paris to Berlin (1885-1887)

In Gay Paris (1885-1886) • Maximo Viola - a medical student and a member of a rich family of
San Miguel, Bulacan. He was visited by Rizal in Barcelona ,on his way to Paris • La Publicidad-
the newspaper Rizal’s articles on the Carolines Questions was published. • Señor Eusebio
Corominas - editor of the newspaper La Publicidad • Don Miguel Morayta - owner of La
Publicidad • Dr. Louis de Weckert - leading French Ophthalmologist, Rizal worked as an
assistant, for about four months.

Rizal as Musician • Alin Mang Lahi (Any Race) – A pariotic song which asserts that any race
aspires for freedom. • La Deportacion (Deportation) – A sad danza he composed in Dapitan
during his exile.

In Historic Heidelberg •

Chess Player’s Club – Rizal became a member of chess player in Heidelberg.

•

Dr. Otto Becker – German Ophthalmologist – Rizal worked at the university Eye Hospital under
him. Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne – Rizal attended to his lecture at the University of Heidelberg. Rizal
visited the scenic spot around Heidelberg – Famous Heidelberg Castle – The romantic Neckar
River – The Theater – The old Churches

To the Flower of Heidelberg • Forget-me-not – The light blue – Rizal favorite flower • A Las
Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flower of Heidelberg) – Rizal mood of homesickness wrote a fine
poem.

With Pastor Ullmer at Wilhelmsfeld Rizal spent a three-months of summer vacation in

Wilhelmsfeld • Dr. Karl Ullmer – Protestant pastor – Rizal became his good befriend and admirer
– Two children » Friedrich (Fritz) » Etta They debate on religion but never quarrel

First letter to Blumentritt • Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt – Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz,
Austria. – Rizal had heard of this Austrian ethnologist who is interested in the Philippine
language. • Rizal sent two books to Blumentritt – Aritmetica (Arithmetic) – Spanish and Tagalog
Language- the author was Rufino Baltazar Hernandez, a native of Santa Cruz, Laguna.

In Leipzig and Dresden Leipzig- he stayed for 2 ½ months in this German city.

– History and Psychology- Rizal attended some lectures at University of Leipzig. – He met: •
Prof. Friedrich Ratzel - famous German Historian • Dr. Hans Meyer - German anthropologist
Rizal translated German into Tagalog Schiller’s William Tell Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy
Tales Dresden- he stayed for 2 days and met • Dr. Adolph b. Meyer - Director of the
Anthropological and Ethnological Museum In Berlin Rizal Met the following:

Rizal Welcome in Berlin’s Scientific Circle •

••

••

Dr. Feodor Jagor – a German scientist-traveler » Travels in Philippines author by Dr. Jagor Dr.
Rudolf Virchow – Famous German Anthropologist Dr. Hans Virchow – Professor of Descriptive
Anatomy Dr. W. Joest – Noted German Geographer Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger – Famous
German Ophthalmologist – Rizal worked in the clinic as assistant Rizal become a member »
Anthropological Society » Ethnological Society » Geographical Society • Tagalische Verkunst
(Tagalog Metrical Art)- Rizal wrote a scholarly paper in German
Rizal’s life in Berlin • Rizal lived in this famous capital unified Germany in five reasons: 1. To
gain further knowledge of ophthalmology 2. To further his studies of science and language 3. To
observe the economic had political conditions of the German nation 4. To associate with famous
German scientists and scholars 5. To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere

chapter 8 Noli Me Tangere Published in Berlin

• 1886 (winter) » memorable moment in Rizal’s life TWO REASONS: It was a painful episode
for he was hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city. A great joy because his novel Noli Me
Tangere, was published on March 1887.

Idea of Writing a Novel on the Philippines • Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe – The
book that inspired Rizal to write a novel about the suffering of the Filipinos to the Spaniards. •
Central University in Madrid – where Rizal started writing the novel • July 2, 1884 – Rizal
proposed the writing of a novel about the Philippines

The Writing of the novel • Towards the end of 1884 – Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid
and finished ½of it. • 1885 – he was in Paris, he continued writing the novel, finishing the ½ of
the 2nd half

• Germany – he finished the ¼ of it. • Last 2 chapters – he finished it at Wilhelmsfeld in April –

June 1886

• December 1886 – he was in Berlin where he plan to published his novel, Noli Me Tangere •
Fernando Canon – where Rizal wrote his worries about the publishing of his novel

Viola, Savior of the Noli • Dr. Maximo Viola – A rich friend of Rizal from Bulacan who financed
the publishing the Noli. – Lives at San Miguel, Bulacan – December 25, 1887, he arrived at
Berlin

• Chapter of Elias and Salome – This chapter was deleted for some financial purposes. • February
11, 1857 – Noli was ready for printing • Berliner Buchdruckrei Actien Gesellschaft – a publishing
house that charged the lowest rate for publishing Rizal’s novel • Php 300.00 – the cost of printing
for 2,000 copies

Rizal Suspected as French Spy • During the printing of NOLI, the chief of police BERLIN visit
RIZAL’s boarding house and requested to see his passport, unfortunately, that time to travel with
or without passports is possible. The police chief then told him to produce a passport after 4 days.
• Immediately VIOLA accompanied RIZAL in the Spanish Ambassador, the COURT of
BENOMAR, who promised to attend to the matter but the ambassador failed to keep his promise,
it turns out that he had no power to issue the required passport. The 4 day ultimatum expired.
RIZAL himself apologized to the chief police, while asking why he has to be deported. The
police chief answered that he was always seen visiting many villages, thereby pronouncing him
as a French SPY. • RIZAL is fluent GERMAN language, explained to the police, that he was a
Filipino ethnologist, who visits rural areas to observe customs and lifestyles of their simple
inhabitants. The chief impressed and fascinated on RIZAL’s explanation, allowed him to stay
freely in GERMANY.
Printing of Noli Finishes March 29, 1887 – Noli Me Tangere came off the press Rizal sent copies
to: » Blumentritt » Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor » G. Lopez Jaena » Mariano Ponce » FelizR.Hidalgo

The Title of the Novel Noli Me Tangere – “ Touch Me Not” from Gospel of Saint John (Chapter
30, Verses 13-17)

The Author’s Dedication Rizal dedicated the Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines – “To My
Fatherland”

Character of Noli Me Tangere & Synopsis of the Novel • Crisostomo Ibarra – A young and rich
Filipino who studied in Europe / sweetheart of Maria Clara • Maria Clara – Daughter of Capitan
Tiago • Padre Damaso – Franciscan friar who had been parish priest of San Diego. Biological
father of Maria Clara • San Diego – Ibarra’s native town for 20 yrs. • Padre Salvi – young
Dominican parish priest of Binondo • Senor Guevarra –elderly and kind lieutenant of the guardia
civil,who related to Ibarra the truth on the death of his father • Don Tiburcio – Bogus Spanish
Physician

• Dona Victoria – wife of Don Tiburcio , who dislike her own country • Don Melchor – Captain
of Cuadrillores • Sisa –formerly a rich girl but became poor because she married a gambler •
Basilio & Crispin –sons of Sisa/Sacristans • Elias – A boatman, peasant youth, saved Ibarra twice
• Nor Juan – Architect who constructed the schoolhouse • November 11th – feast day of San
Diego Ibarra’s attacked Padre Damaso produced two result: » Engagement to Maria Clara was
broken » He was excommunicated

• Don Alfonso Linares – Cousin of Don Tiburcio • Doña Consolation – bulgar mistress of
Spanish Alferez NOLI ME TANGERE consist of 63 chapters and epilogue

The Noli Bases on Truth • • • • • • •

Maria Clara – Leonor Rivera Crisostomo Ibarra & Elias – Rizal Pilosopo Tasyo – Paciano Padre
Salvi – Padre Antonio Piernavieja Capitan Tiago – Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas Doña
Victorina –Doña Agustina Medal Basilio and Crispin – Crisostomo brother’s of Hagonoy • Padre
Damaso –the bad friars

chapter 9

Rizal’s Grand Tour in Europe with Maximo Viola

• After the publication of the Noli Me Tangere, Rizal had received remittance from Paciano worth
P1,000.00 which was forwarded by Juan Luna from Paris. • Rizal immediately paid Viola Php
300.00 that he used to published the novel.

THE TOUR

Potsdam • Near Berlin • It became famous because of Frederick the Great - skillfully employed
the limited Prussian resources to make his kingdom the most powerful German state during the
seven Years War. • Viola and Rizal left Berlin by train.

Dresden • Where they visited the Regional Flower Exposition. • Rizal – interested in Botany,
studied the variety of plants. • Dr. Adolph Meyer – was visited by the two physicians. • They
visited the Museum or Art where Rizal became deeply impressed by the painting Prometheus
Bound. • Prometheus – a Titan punished by Zeus for giving fire to mankind.

• Feodor Jagor – was also visited by Rizal and Viola. – informed by the two physicians on their
plan to visit Blumentritt – Warned Rizal to inform Blumentritt first before coming to his place, he
might suffer a nervous breakdown because of shock. • Teschen (Decin) – found in Czech
Republic – They had a stop over on they way to Blumentritt place

Leitmeritz, Austria • Now known as Litomeritce in Czech Republic.

• The place where Ferdinand Blumentritt lived. • Rizal and Viola stayed in this place from May
13-16,1887.

• Ferdinand Blumentritt – waited for Rizal and Viola in the train station carrying with him a
sketch of Rizal.

• Hotel Krebs – where Rizal and Viola stayed while they were in Leitmeritz

• Rizal enjoyed the warm hospitality of Blumentritt’s family. • Rosa – Blumentritt’s wife was a
good cook • Dolores (Dora, Dorita), Conrad and Fritz – were nice to them. • Ferdinand – a great
tourist guide and a hospitable host.

– Offered the best beer in Bohemia to his guests – Introduced Rizal to the town mayor who was
impressed in his communication skills.

• Tourists’ Club of Leitmeritz – a group where Blumentritt was the secretary.

– Rizal spoke extemporaneously in fluent German praising Austria’s idyllic scenes and
hospitable, nature loving and noble people. – He was willfully applauded. – They were
introduced to: • Dr. Carlos Czepalak – a renowned scientist • Professor Robert Klutschak – a
eminent naturalist.

• Rizal painted a portrait of Blumentritt as a sign of his gratitude to him

Prague • Viola and Rizal carried with them a recommendation from Blumentritt address to Dr.
Wilkomm – professor of natural history in the University of Prague. • Dr. Wilkolm – He
accompanied the two physicians in visiting the historic places

• Tomb of Nicolaus Copernicus – famous astronomer • Museum of Natural History

• Bacteriological Laboratories • Cave where San Juan Nepomuceno, the Catholic saint was
imprisoned as well as the bridge where he was hurled into the river.
Vienna • Capital of Austria-Hungary • Rizal and Viola spent four days in this city visiting the
buildings and examining holy images and statues.

• Queen of Danube • Norfenfals – one of the greatest novelists in Europe during Rizal’s time was
met by Rizal through Blumentritt. • Diamond stickpin – lost by Rizal in Hotel Krebs, which was
later given by the maid to Blumentritt. • They stayed in Hotel Metropole while in Vienna

Danubian Voyage to Linz • Rizal and Viola left Vienna via boat to see the beautiful sights of the
Danube River. • They noticed that passengers were using paper napkins during the meals instead
of cloth napkin.

From Linz to Rheinfall • They left Austria from Salzburg, where Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was
born. They re-entered Germany. • Munich – where they stayed for a short-time to drink the
Munich Beer (the best in Germany). • Nuremburg – one of the oldest cities in Germany – Where
they saw the horrible machines used in the Inquisition – The two were impressed by the
manufacture of dolls which was the city’s biggest industry

• Ulm – where the largest and tallest Cathedral in Germany can be found. – From here they went
to Stuttgart, Baden, and in Rheinfall – were they saw the most beautiful waterfalls in Europe.

Switzerland

• From Rheinfall to Schaffhausen, Switzerland • Here they visited Basel (Bale), Bern, and
Lausanne.

Geneva • One of the most beautiful cities in Europe visited by tourists every year. • He spent 15
days in this place • Rizal spent his 26th birthday

• Viola returned to Barcelona from Geneva • Rizal continued his tour to Italy.

Exhibition of Igorots in 1887 Madrid Exposition • In Geneva, Rizal and Viola received news
from Madrid about the deplorable conditions of the primitive Igorots who were exhibited in the
exhibition. • Some of whom died, and whose scanty clothing (G strings) and crude weapons were
objects of mockery and laughter by the Spaniards. • Rizal was outraged by the degradation of his
fellow countrymen.

Italy • In this place Rizal visited Turin, Venice an Florence. • June 27, 1887 – he reached Rome
“The Eternal City and the City of Ceasars”

Vatican

• June 29, 1887 – Feast day of Saints Peter and Paul. He visited the Vatican – the city of the
Popes and the capital of Christendom.

• The grandeur of Rome was something that Rizal did not fail to appreciate in his sojourn in Italy.
After a week of travel in Rome, he prepared for his homecoming to the Philippines.
chapter 10 First Homecoming, 1887-1888

Rizal’s plans of coming back home • As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go back to the Philippines
for the following reasons: – Financial difficulties in Calamba – Dissatisfaction with his studies in
Madrid – Desire to prove that there is no reason to fear going home. – His belief that the Spanish
regime will not punish the innocent.

Decision to Return Home • After five years of his memorable sojourn in Europe, Rizal returned to
the Philippines. • However, Rizal was warned by the following not to return to the Philippines
because his Noli Me Tangere angered the friars: – Paciano Mercado – Rizal’s adviser and only
brother. – Silvestre Ubaldo – Rizal’s brother in law; husband of Olimpia. – Jose Ma. Cecilio
(Chenggoy) – one of Rizal’s closest friends.

• Rizal was determined to come back to the Philippines for the following reasons: – To operate
his mother’s eyes – To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants. – To
find out for himself how the Noli Me Tangere and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and
Spaniards. – To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.

Rizal arrives in Manila • Rizal left Rome by train to Marseilles, a French port and boarded
Djemnah, the same steamer that brought him to Europe five years ago. • There were 50
passengers: 4 Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3 Chinese, 2 Japanese, 40 Frenchmen, and 1 Filipino
(Rizal) • When the ship reached Aden, the weather became rough and some of Rizal’s book got
wet. • In Saigon (Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam – he transferred to another steamer, Haiphong, that
brought him to Manila.

Happy Homecoming • When Rizal arrived in Calamba, rumors spread that he was a: – German
spy – An agent of Otto Von Bismarck – the liberator of Germany. – A Protestant – A Mason – A
soul halfway to damnation • Paciano – did not leave him during the first days after arrival to
protect him from any enemy assault. • Don Francisco – did not permit him to go out alone

In Calamba • Rizal established a medical clinic. • Doña Teodora – was Rizal’s first patient • Rizal
treated her eyes but could not perform any surgical operation because her cataracts were not yet
ripe. • He painted several beautiful landscapes in Calamba. • He translated German poems of Von
Wildernath in Tagalog.

• Doctor Uliman – Rizal was called this name because he came from Germany. – He earned P900
in a few months and P5,000 before he left the Philippines. • Gymnasium – was opened by Rizal
for the young people • He introduced European sports fencing and shooting to discourage them
from cockfighting and gambling.

Sad moments while Rizal was in Calamba • Leonor Rivera – Rizal tried to visit her in Tarlac but
his parents forbade him to go because Leonor’s mother did not like him for a son-in-law. •
Olimpia Mercado-Ubaldo – died because of child birth.

Storm over the Noli Me Tangere • As Rizal was peacefully living in Calamba, his enemies plotted
his doom. • Governor General Emilio Terrero – wrote to Rizal requesting to come to Malacañang
Palace. – Somebody had whispered to his ear that the Noli contains subversive ideas. – Rizal
explained to him that he merely exposed the truth, but did not advocate subversive ideas. – He
was pleased by Rizal’s explanation and curious about the book, he asked for a copy of the novel.
– Rizal had no copy that time but promised to send one for him.

Rizal visited the Jesuits • Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask for their feedback on the novel. •
He was gladly welcomed by the following friars: – Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez – Fr. Jose
Bech – Fr. Federico Faura – told Rizal that everything in the novel was the truth and warned him
that he may lose his head because of it.

• Governor-General Emilio Terrero • a liberal minded Spaniard who knew that Rizal’s life was in
jeopardy because the friars were powerful. – To keep him safe, he gave Rizal a bodyguard to
protect him.

Jose Taviel de Andrade • A young Spanish lieutenant who came from a noble family • He was
cultured and knew painting • He could speak French, English and Spanish. • They became good
friends.

Attackers of the Noli • Archbishop Pedro Payo – a Dominican, • Archbishop of Manila • He sent
a copy of the Noli to Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the University of Santo Tomas to
examine the novel.

UST and Rizal • The committee that examined the Noli Me Tangere were composed of
Dominican professors. • The report of the faculty members from UST about the Noli states that
the novel was: – Heretical, impious and scandalous in the religious orders, and anti-patriotic,
subversive of pubic order, injurious to the government of Spain and its function in the Philippine
Islands in the political order.

• Governor-General Terrero – was not satisfied with the report so he sent the novel to the
Permanent Commission of Censorship which was composed of priests and lawyers.

• Fr. Salvador Font – Augustinian friar curate of Tondo was the head of the commission. – The
group found that the novel contain subversive ideas against the Church and Spain and
recommended that the importation, reproduction and circulation of the pernicious book in the
islands be absolutely prohibited.

• The newspaper published Font’s written report • The banning of the Noli Me Tangere served to
make it popular • The masses supported the book.

• Fr. Jose Rodriguez – Augustinian Prior of Guadalupe – Published a series of eight pamphlets
under the heading Questions of Supreme Interest to blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish writing.
– Copies of anti-Rizal pamphlets were sold after mass – Many Filipinos were forced to buy them
in order not to displease the friars.

Noli Me Tangere in Spain • The novel was fiercely attacked in the session hall of the Senate of
the Spanish Cortes. • Senators: – General Jose de Salamanca – General Luis de Pando – Sr.
Fernando Vida • Vicente Barrantes – Spanish academician of Madrid who formerly occupied
high government position in the Philippines bitterly criticized the novel in an article published in
the Madrid newspaper, La España Moderna.

Defenders of the Noli Me Tangere • Propagandists such as Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez-
Jaena, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Mariano Ponce rushed to uphold the truths of the Noli. • Father
Francisco de Paula Sanchez – Rizal’s favorite teacher in Ateneo defended and praised the novel
in public. • Don Segismundo Moret – former Minister of the Crown. • Prof. Miguel Morayta-
historian and stateman • Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt – Rizal’s best friend

• Rev. Fr. Vicente Garcia – a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian of the Manila
Cathedral and a Tagalog translator of the famous Imitation of Christ by Thomas Kempis. – Under
the pen name Justo Desiderio Magalang he wrote a defense of the novel published in Singapore.

• Rizal cried because of his gratitude to his defenders especially to Fr. Garcia who defended him
unexpectedly. • He attacked Barrantes by exposing his ignorance of Philippine affairs and mental
dishonesty which is unworthy of an academician. • Because of the interest of both enemies and
protectors of the Noli the price of the book increased from five pesetas per copy to 50 pesetas per
copy.

Agrarian Problem in Calamba • Influenced by the novel, Governor-General Emilio Terrero

ordered a government investigation of the friar estates to remedy whatever inequities might have
been present in connection with land taxes and with tenant relations. • One of the friar estates
affected was the Calamba hacienda by the Dominican order since 1883. • Upon hearing about the
investigation, the people of Calamba asked helped from Rizal to gather facts and list the
grievances so that the government might institute certain agrarian reforms.

Findings submitted by Rizal • The hacienda of the Dominican Order comprised not only the lands
around Calamba, but the whole town of Calamba. • The profits of the Dominican Order
continually increased because of the arbitrary increase of the rentals paid by the tenants. • The
hacienda owner never contributed a single centavo for the celebration of the town fiesta, for the
education of the children, and for the improvement of agriculture.

• Tenants who spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed of the said lands for
flimsy reasons • High rates of interest were arbitrarily charged the tenants for delayed payment of
rentals • When the rentals could not be paid, the hacienda management confiscated the work
animals, tools, and farm implements of the tenants.

Friars Reaction • Rizal’s exposure to the deplorable condition angered the friars. • The friars
exerted pressure to Malacañang to eliminate Rizal. • They asked Gov. Gen. Terrero to deport
Rizal but the latter refused for there is lack of charges against Rizal in court. • Anonymous threats
in Rizal’s life alarmed his parents, siblings, Andrade his bodyguard, friends, and even Terrero,
thus they all advised him to leave the country.

Rizal’s reasons for leaving the Philippines • His presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety
and happiness of his family and friends. • He could not fight better his enemies and serve his
country’s cause with greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries.

Himno Al Trabajo • A poem for Lipa – shortly before Rizal left in 1888, he was asked by a friend
to write a poem in commemoration of the town’s cityhood. • Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn To Labor)
– title of the poem dedicated to the industrious people of Lipa.

Farewell Philippines • On February 3, 1888 Rizal left his country with a heavy heart. • But this is
for his own good and the safety of his family and friends.

chapter 11

In Hong Kong And Macao (1888)

Rizal Leaving the Philippines for The Second time • Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was
forced to leave his country for the second time in 1888. • He was 27 years old, a practicing
physician, and a recognized man of letters. • After six months of staying in the Philippines Rizal
left via the steamer Zapiro bound for Hong Kong.

• Amoy – the first stop over of the ship Rizal did not get off the ship for the following reasons: He
was not feeling well It was raining hard He heard that the city is dirty.

Hong Kong • A British colony • Rizal stayed in Victoria Hotel • He met Jose Maria Basa Balbino
Mauricio Manuel Yriarte (son of the alcalde mayor in Calamca)

• According to Rizal in his letter to Blumentritt, Hongkong is a small, but very clean city. • Many
Portuguese, Hindus, English, Chinese and Jews. • There are some Filipinos exiled in Marianas
Islands since 1872, they were former financiers and rich but now poor, gentle and timid.

Rizal’s visit to Macao • A Portuguese colony near Hong Kong. • Rizal together with Basa
boarded a ferry named Kiu-Kiang going to Macao.

• Jose Sainz de Varanda – among one of the passengers . A Spanish Spy to Rizal • Don Juan
Francisco Lecaros – a Filipino gentleman who is married to a Portuguese lady. • Rizal and Basa
stayed in his house for two days while they were in Macao. • Rizal also visited the » Theater »
Casino » Cathedral » Church » Pagodas » Botanical Garden » Bazaars » Famous Grotto of
Camoens (Portugal’s national poet)

Experience in Hong Kong • During Rizal’s two-week vacation in Hong Kong, he studied Chinese
life, language, drama and customs and found out the following which he wrote in his diary: – The
celebration of the Chinese New Year was quite very noisy due to the continuous explosion of
firecrackers on the streets. – The lauriat party, where in the guests were served a variety of dishes,
shows lavishness and hospitality among the Chinese. – The Dominican Order, the richest
religious order in Hong Kong, had millions of dollars deposited in various banks earning very
high interests. – The graveyards for Catholics, Protestants and Muslims were well maintained.

Departure from Hong Kong • February 22, 1888 – Rizal left Hong kong • Oceanic – an American
steamer, his destination was Japan.

chapter 12 Romantic Interlude in Japan (1888)

• February 28-April 13,1888 One of the happiest interludes in the life of Rizal was his sojourn in
the Land of the Cherry Blossoms for one month and a half.

Rizal arrives in Yokohama • Tuesday,February 28,1888 He registered at the Grand Hotel

Rizal in Tokyo • March 2-7,1888 He wrote to professor Blumentritt; “Tokyo is more expensive
than Paris. The walls are built in cyclopean manner.The streets are large and wide.

• Juan Perez Caballero -Secretary of Spanish Legation. A spy on Rizal • Rizal, being an
intelligent man, realized that the Spanish diplomatic authorities were instructed from Manila to
monitor his movement in Japan. The Spanish Legation offered him a place to stay. He accepted
the offer for: Two Reasons 1.He could economize his living expenses by staying at the legation 2.
He had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities.

• On march 7, Rizal checked out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish Legation. He and Perez
Caballero bacame good friends.

• In a letter of Blumentritt ; Rizal described the Spanish diplomat as “a young, fine, and excellent
writer and an able diplomat who had traveled much.”

• During his first day in Tokyo, Rizal was embarrassed because he did not know the Japanese
language. • He wrote to Blumentritt; “Here you have your friend , Rizal the wonder of the
Japanese, who has the face of Japanese but does not speak Japanese. On the streets, when I go
shopping , people look at me and ill-educated laugh because I speak such a strange language. In
Tokyo very few people speak English , but in Yokohama many speak it. Some believe I' am an
Europeanized Japanese who does not want to be taken as such.”

Rizal and the Tokyo musician • March 1888 -Rizal heard the Tokyo band playing a classical
work of Strauss. He taught: “How admirable was the rendition .I wonder how these Japanese
people have assimilated the modern European music to the extent of playing the beautiful musical
masterpieces of the great European composers as well.”

“Paisano, Taga saan po kayo?”

Rizal’s impression of Japan 1. The beauty of the country –its flowers, mountains, streams and
scenic panoramas. 2. The cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese people. 3. The
picturesque dress and simple charm of the Japanese women. 4. There were very few thieves in
Japan so that the houses remained open day and night, and in the hotel room one could safely
leave money on the table. 5. Beggars were rarely seen in the city streets, unlike in Manila and
other cities.

• However, there is one thing he did not like in Japan , and that was the popular mode of
transportation by means of rickshaws drawn by men. He felt disgusted at the way a human being
was employed like a horse.

Romance with O-Sei-San • Being a man with an eye for feminine beauty, he was attracted by her
legal loveliness and charm. He craved to meet her. • Seiko Usui-real name -who lived in her
parents ‘ home and that she used to pass by the legation during her daily afternoon walk.

Rizal with O-Sei-San gallantry

versatile talents

dignity modesty

intelligence

guide

tutor

Charming tenderness beauty

courtesy

interpreter

• O-Sei-San, a Japanese samurai’s daughter taught Rizal the Japanese art of painting known as su-
mie. She also helped Rizal improve his knowledge of Japanese language. If Rizal was a man
without a patriotic mission, he would have married this lovely and intelligent woman and lived a
stable and happy life with her in Japan because Spanish legation there offered him a lucrative job.

Sayonara Japan! • As everything on earth has to end, the beautiful romance between Rizal and O-
Sei-San inevitably came to a dolorous ending. Sacrificing his personal happiness, Rizal had to
carry on his libertarian mission in Europe.

Voyage across the Pacific • Despite his sorrowing heart ,Rizal enjoyed the pleasant trans-Pacific
voyage to the US. • One day one of the children, a bright young boy asked Rizal:

Do you know, sir, a famous man in Manila named Richal? He wrote a novel, Noli Me Tangere.

Yes ,hijo, I am Richal.

Rizal and Tetcho • Tetcho Suchiro -a fighting Japanese journalist, novelist and champion of
human rights, who was forrced by the Japanese government to leave the country, just as Rizal
was compelled to leave the Philippines by the Spanish authorities. •