QUESTION NO.

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Definition:
The term IT infrastructure is defined in ITIL as a combined set of hardware, software,
networks, facilities, etc.including all of the information technology related equipment) used to
develop, test, deliver, monitor, control, or support IT services.

Importance of IT infrastructure
if an IT infrastructure is flexible, reliable and secure, it can help an enterprise meet its goals and
provide a competitive edge in the market.

With an IT infrastructure, a company can:

 Provide a positive customer experience by providing uninterrupted access to its website

and online store.
 Develop and launch solutions to market with speed.
 Collect data in real time to make quick decisions.
 Improve employee productivity.

IT infrastructure examples
 Hardware.
 Software.
 Networking. Servers. Data Centers. Personal Computers. Devices. Routers.
Switches. Software Apps. Operating Systems. Virtual Machines. Internet
connectivity. VPN. Desktop Virtualization. Firewalls and security. Routers,
switches and cables.

MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVE
Cloud computing is a highly prevalent technology for the delivery of IT-driven services and
infrastructure owing to developmentsin a number of technologies, including the internet,
hardware and distributed computing (Bhowmik, 2017). Recently, organisations have begun to
shift from traditional ICTs to a cloud solution owing to the flexibility, scalability and agility of the
technology, as well as the economic benefits the cloud can bring by adopting the technology
(Armbrust et al., 2010). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines cloud
computing as a ubiquitous and flexible data centralising tool that comprises of three service
models: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS) and four deployment models: private cloud, public cloud, community cloud, and hybrid
cloud (Mell & Grance, 2011). Recently, cloud adoption has been the center of attention in the
education domain, particularly in Higher Education Intuitions (HEIs).

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 QUESTION NO.2

Definition:
Nonfunctional Requirements (NFRs) define system attributes such as security, reliability,
performance, maintainability, scalability, and usability. They serve as constraints or
restrictions on the design of the system across the different backlogs

The definition of a non-functional requirement is:

“Any Requirement That Specifies  How  The System Performs A Certain

Function.”
In other words, a non-functional requirement will describe how a system
should behave and what limits there are on its functionality.
Non-functional requirements cover all the remaining requirements which
are not covered by the functional requirements. They specify criteria that
judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviours, for
example: “Modified data in a database should be updated for all users
accessing it within 2 seconds.”
A non-functional requirement for the cup mentioned previously would be:
“contain hot liquid without heating up to more than 45°C”.
Even in the case when the non-functional requirements are not met the
basic functionality will not be impacted.
If the functionality of the product is not dependent on non-functional
requirements then why are they important? The answer is in usability. Non-
functional requirements affect the user experience as they define a
system’s behavior, features, and general characteristics.
Non-functional requirements when defined and executed well will help to
make the system easy to use and enhance the performance.
Non-functional requirements focus on user expectations, as they are
product properties.
Let’s take an example of a functional requirement. A system loads a
webpage when someone clicks on a button. The related non-functional

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requirement specifies how fast the webpage must load. A delay in loading
will create a negative user experience and poor quality of the system even
though the functional requirement is fully met

Some typical non-functional requirements are:

 Performance – for example Response Time, Throughput, Utilization, Static

Volumetric
 Scalability
 Capacity
 Availability
 Reliability
 Recoverability
 Maintainability
 Serviceability
 Security
 Regulatory
 Manageability
 Environmental
 Data Integrity
 Usability
 Interoperability