HOYDSOL YALMOEQHQOL
O[QEOL @AYASORO]OL GL]SOLO]OH
(O[QEOL YAS[OHGLOL LDSJOH)

DHAE>

LG YQ]Q SG@O QJG @SG[JDLG]O

LGJ. Y92?39;399;5

YSDMG LAS[ @AHO[.C

@AJAL]ASGOL
@AJAL]ASGOL @A[AEO]OL SAYQCHG@ GLMDLA[GO
YDHG]A@LG@ @A[AEO]OL @AJAL@A[ MALYO[OS 
NQSQ[OL @AYASORO]OL
YSDMG LAS[

3939
 

HOYDSOL YALMOEQHQOL
O[QEOL @AYASORO]OL GL]SOLO]OH
(O[QEOL YAS[OHGLOL LDSJOH)

O. @d
@dls
lsap
ap Mo
Moso
sorr
?. Mafglgsg
Yarsohglol omohoe prdsas palbahuorol eosgh `dlsapsg (nolgl mol urg) yolb tahoe
ku`up cuhol otou mopot egmup mg huor `olmulbol jahohug nohol hoegr otou jahohug nohol
hogl, malbol coltuol otou tolpo coltuol (Joluoco, 39?9).
Gltrolotoh
Gltrolotoh kora (parsohglol)
(parsohglol) omohoe sarolb`ogol
sarolb`ogol `anomgol yolb caro`egr
caro`egr malbol
malbol
 palbahuorol coyg yolb ku`up cuhol, mgsusuh malbol palbahuorol phokalto mol sahoput
 nolgl morg tucue gcu (Lubrded,
(Lubrded, 39??).
Yarsohglol mopot mgcobg jalnomg tgbo cobgol, yogtu> Yarsohglol spdltol omohoe
 parsohgolol carholbsulb malbol `a`uotol gcu salmgrg jahohuog nohol hoegr. Yarsohgolol
 cuotol omohoe parsohglol mgcoltu malbol talobo morg huor jgsohlyo a`stro`sg malbol
fdrkaps otou mgho`u`ol malbol dparosg kasoraol. Yarsohgolol olnurol omohoe parsohglol
tgmo`
tgmo` mgj
mgjuho
uhogg mal
malbol
bol salm
salmgrg
grglyo
lyo,, cor
coru
u car
carhol
holbsu
bsulb
lb sata
satahoe
hoe paj
pajakoe
akoeol
ol `at
`atuco
ucol,
l,
 pajcargol peytdjalomgdla (Su`gyoe,
(Su`gyoe, m``, 39?3).
Yasoh
Yasohgl
glol
ol ld
ldrj
rjoh
oh (p
(por
ortu
tuss sp
spdl
dlto
tol)
l) om
omoho
ohoe
e pr
prds
dsas
as ho
hoeg
egrl
rlyo
yo co
coyg
yg po
pomo
mo ha
hato
to` 
` 
 caho`olb `apoho yolb mopot egmup malbol talobo gcu salmgrg, tolpo ohot sarto tgmo` 
jahu`og gcu mol coyg yolb ujujlyo carholbsulb `urolb morg 3= noj jahohug nohol
hoegr.

3. Yalya
Yalyacoc
coc/Fo
/Fo`td
`tdrr Yramg
Yramgspd
spdsgs
sgsgg
Jalurut
Jalurut Joluoco
Joluoco m``, 39?9 tarnomglyo parsohglol cahuj mopot mg`atoeug.
mg`atoeug. Casor 
`ajul
`ajulb`g
b`glol
lol sajuo
sajuo fo`tdr
fo`tdr ca`arn
ca`arnoo carsojo
carsojo-soj
-sojoo saeglb
saeglbbo
bo pajgku
pajgku parsohg
parsohglol
lol
jalnomg juhtgfo`tdr. ]adrg `ajulb`glol tarnomglyo parsohglol, oltoro hogl>
o. ]adrg
adrg @ar
@arab
abol
olb
bol
Dtdtt roegj
Dtd roegj jajpu
jajpulyo
lyogg `ajojp
`ajojpuol
uol jarabo
jarabolb
lb mohoj
mohoj cotos
cotos tartal
tartaltu.
tu. [ataho
[atahoe
e
jahawotg cotos tarsacut, tarnomg `dltro`sg saeglbbo parsohglol mopot juhog.
 c. ]adrg Yalurulol Yrdbastardl
Yrdsas paluool phosalto tarnomg pomo soot `aeojghol 35 jglbbu `oralo tarnomg
 palgjculol norglbol g`ot. Yajcuhue moroe jalbohojg palyajpgtol mol cultu.
 

Yrdmu`
Yrdmu`sg
sg prdbast
prdbastard
ardl
l jalboh
jalbohojg
ojg paluru
palurulol
lol saegbb
saegbboo dtdt
dtdt roegj
roegj hacge
hacge salsgtg
salsgtgf 
f 
tareomop d`sgtdsgl. O`gcotlyo, dtdt roegj juhog car`dltro`sg satahoe jalkopog
tglb`ot palurulol prdbastardl tartaltu.
k. ]adr
]adrgg D`s
D`sgt
gtds
dsgl
gl Gl
Glta
tarl
rloh
oh
D`sgtdsgl mg`ahuor`ol dhae eypdfgsgs pdstargdr. Yarucoeol `asagjcolbol astrdbal

mol prdbastardla
prdbastardla mopot jalbucoe salsgtgvgtos
salsgtgvgtos dtdt roegj saeglbbo
saeglbbo sarglb tarnomg
`dltro`sg Croxtdl Egk`s. Malbol jalurullyo `dlsaltrosg prdbastardla o`gcot
tuolyo `aeojghol, jo`o d`sgtdsgl mopot jalglb`ot o`tgvgtos.
m. ]adr
]adrgg Yr
Yrds
dsto
tohb
hbho
holm
lmgl
gl
@dlsal
@dlsaltro
trosg
sg prdstoh
prdstohbho
bholmg
lmgl
l jalglb
jalglb`ot
`ot sano`
sano` usgo
usgo `aeojg
`aeojghol
hol ?1 jglbbu
jglbbu yolb
yolb
mg`ahu
mg`ahuor`
or`ol
ol dhae
dhae masgmu
masgmuo.
o. Yajcar
Yajcargol
gol prdsto
prdstohbh
hbholm
olmgl
gl soot eojgh
eojgh jalgjc
jalgjcuh`
uh`ol
ol
`dltro`sg dtdt roegj saeglbbo eosgh `dlsapsg mg`ahuor`ol.
 

;. Ydedl
dedl Joso
soho
hoe
e

 Lyarg
jahoegr`ol

 Lyarg jahoegr`ol
jahoegr`ol

 Lyarg jahoegr`ol

 Lyarg jahoegr`ol
jahoegr`ol
 

=. @ho
@hosg
sgffg`
g`o
osg
Jaluru
Jalurutt Joluoc
Joluoco,
o, 3995
3995 parsohg
parsohglol
lol mopot
mopot mg`hosg
mg`hosgfg`
fg`osg
osg`ol
`ol jalnom
jalnomgg 3 jokoj
jokoj
yogtu>
?. Jaluru
Jalurutt mafgl
mafglgsg/
gsg/koro
koro parsohg
parsohglol
lol >
o. Ya
Yars
rsoh
ohgl
glol
ol spdl
spdlto
tol
l

Yrdsas hoegrlyo coyg malbol `a`uotol/talobo gcu salmgrg tolpo coltuol ohot-
ohot sarto tgmo` jahu`og gcu mol coyg. Yomo ujujlyo carholbsulb `urolb morg
3= noj.
 c. Yarsohglol cuotol
Cgho prdsas parsohglol malbol coltuol talobo morg huor.
k. Ya
Yars
rsoh
ohgl
glol
ol oln
olnur
urol
ol
Cgho `a`uotol yolb mgparhu`ol ultu` parsohglol mgtgjcuh`ol morg huor malbol
 nohol rolbsolbol.

3. Jalurut
Jalurut ujur `aeojg
`aeojghol
hol mol carot
carot comol
comol yolb mghoegr
mghoegr`ol
`ol sacobog
sacobog carg`ut
carg`ut >
o. Ocdrtus
]arealtglyo mol mg`ahuor`ollyo eosgh `dlsapsg sacahuj jojpu egmup mg huor 
`olmulbol. Qjur eojgh sacahuj 35 jglbbu. Carot nolgl `urolb morg ?999
broj.
 c. Yarsohglol prajoturgtos
Yarsohglol sacahuj ujur eojgh 35 jglbbu sojpog ;6 jglbbu. Carot nolgl
`urolb morg 3=77 broj.
k. Yars
Yarsoh
ohgl
glol
ol ota
otarj
rj
Yarsohglol oltoro ujur eojgh ;2 jglbbu sojpog =3 jglbbu. Carot nolgl mg
otos 3199 broj.
m. Yarso
Yarsohg
hglo
lol
l [ard
[ardtg
tglu
luss
Yarsohglol jahojpoug ujur `aeojghol =3 jglbbu. Yomo nolgl tarmopot tolmo-
tolmo pdst joturgtos.
a. Yarso
Yarsohg
hglo
lol
l pr
prasg
asgpg
pgtot
totus
us
Yarsohglol carholbsulb kapot `urolb morg ; noj
 

1. Ban
Banoh
oho
o @hg
@hglg
lgss
Jalurut (Joluoco m``, 39?9) tolmo-tolmo parsohglol oltoro hogl >
?) @a`u
@a`uot
otol
ol egs
egs sajo`
sajo`gl
gl sargb
sargb tarno
tarnomg
mg mo
mol
l tarot
tarotur
ur ma
malb
lbol
ol no
noro`
ro` `d
`dlt
ltro
ro`s
`sgg yo
yolb
lb
sajo`gl palma`.
3) Mopot tarnomg
tarnomg palbahuor
palbahuorol
ol pajcowo
pajcowo (palbahuoro
(palbahuorol
l halmgr, halmgr
halmgr carkojpur
carkojpur moroe).
moroe).

;) Mopot
Mopot mgsar
mgsartog
tog `atuco
`atucol
l pako
pakoe.
e.
=) Yomo pajarg`s
pajarg`sool
ool mohoj
mohoj mgnujpog
mgnujpog parucoeol
parucoeol sarvg`s,
sarvg`s,omo
omo pajcu`ool
pajcu`ool..

Jalurut Joluoco, 39?9 pajcobgol toeop parsohglol sacobog carg`ut >

?) @oho
@oho G (`
(`oho
oho pajcu`
pajcu`ool
ool))
Mgjuhog morg soot parsohglol eglbbo pajcu`ool halb`op (?9 kj). prdsas glg
 carholbsulb oltoro ?5-3= noj yolb tarcobg
tarcobg mohoj 3 fosa yogtu>
?)  Fosa hotal >
hotal > carholbsulb sahojo 5 noj. Yajcu`ool tarnomg solbot hajcut
sojpog jalkopog u`urol mgojatar 8= kj.

3)  Fosa o`tgf  >
 > mgcobg mohoj ; fosa hobg, yo`lg >
o. Fosa o`saharosg > mohoj wo`tu 3 noj pajcu`ool 8= kj jalnomg = kj
c. Fosa mghotosg jo`sgjoh > mohoj wo`tu 3 noj pajcu`ool crholbsulb
solbot kapot, morg = kj jalnomg ?9 kj.
Fosa ‛ fosa tarsacut mgnujpog pomo prgjgbovgmo. Yomo juhtgbrofgmo pul tarnomg
majg`gol, o`ol tatopg fosa hotal, o`tgf, mol mgsaharosg tarnomg hacge palma`.
Yajarg`sool mohoj
?) Ya
Yaro
roco
cool
ol sar
sarvg
vg`s
`s
o. Hulo`
Hulo` mol
mol palmot
palmotorol
orol sarvg`s
sarvg`s

 c. Josge tacoh otou tgpgs

k. Yajcu`
Yajcu`ool
ool mol
mol oroe sarvg
sarvg`s
`s
3) @atucol
o. [umo
[umoe
e pak
pakoe
oe oto
otou
u cah
cahuj
uj
 c. Yajcu`ool eojpgr halb`op > pakoe`ol
pakoe`ol `atucol
;) Cobgol
Cobgol taralmo
taralmoe
e mol
mol pdsg
pdsgsgl
sglyo
yo
o. Hadpd
adpdhm
hm ; mol
mol =
 c. @apoho > `aros, cuhot taroco suturo
k. Hato`
Hato` `apoho
`apoho > palurulo
palurulol
l `omor
`omor cgmolb
cgmolb edmba,
edmba, omo koput
koput sukkoma
sukkomalau
lauj
j

otou tgmo`, caropo casorlyo

m. Cd`dlb
Cd`dlb mg`alo
mg`alohh > hulo`
hulo`,, majglot
majglotdrlyo
drlyo tuholb
tuholb sokruj
sokruj
 

=) [g
[gfo
fott fhdu
fhdurr ohcu
ohcuss
1) @aomoo
@aomool
l potdhd
potdhdbgs
bgs > tujdr,
tujdr, `a`o`uol
`a`o`uol sarvg`s,
sarvg`s, eoholbol
eoholbol palurul
palurulol
ol cobgol
cobgol
taralmoe

3) @oho GG

Yarsohglol `oho GG mgjghog `atg`o pajcu`ool halb`op mol caro`egr malbol

hoegrlyo sahurue nolgl
]olmo mol banoho >
o. Gcu
Gcu glbg
glbgl
l jala
jalaro
rol
l
 c. Yarglauj jaldlndh
k. Vuhv
Vuhvoo mol
mol olus
olus jaj
jajcu
cu`o
`o
m. Jalglb
Jalglb`ot
`otlyo
lyo palba
palbahuo
huorol
rol moroe
moroe mol halm
halmgr 
gr 
a. @apoho
@apoho tahoe
tahoe turu
turul
l mgmo
mgmosor
sor polbbu
polbbuhh
Yomo `oho GG egs jalnomg hacge `uot mol hacge kapot, `gro-`gro 3-; jalgt

sa`ohg,, `apoho
sa`ohg `apoho nolgl
nolgl cgosol
cgosolyo
yo sumoe
sumoe josu`
josu` mgruol
mgruolb
b polbbu
polbbuh,
h, jo`o
jo`o pomo
pomo egs
mgros
mgroso`
o`olol ta`o
ta`olo
lol
l popomo
mo dtdt
dtdt-dt
-dtdt
dt mo
mosor
sor po
polb
lbbu
buh,
h, yo
yolb
lb sa
sakor
koroo rafha
rafha`t
`tdr
drgs
gs
jalgjcuh`ol roso jalarol. Yomo prgjgbrovgmo `oho GG carholbsulb roto-roto =1 ‛ 
69 jalgt, mol juhtgporo ?1-;9 jalgt.

;) @oho
@oho GG
GGGG (`o
(`oho
ho urg)
urg)
o. Yarsoh
Yarsohglol
glol `oho GGG mgjuhog
mgjuhog satahoe hoegrlyo
hoegrlyo coyg
coyg mol caro`egr
caro`egr malbol hoegrlyo
hoegrlyo
 phosalto.
 c. @dltro`sg malbol ojphgtumd sojo malbol `oho G mol GG

k. ]arnom
]arnomgg palkgutol
palkgutol parju`ool
parju`ool `ovuj
`ovuj utarg (tajpot
(tajpot gjpholtosg
gjpholtosg phosalto)
phosalto)
 Yahaposol phosalto
o. Jalurut Jotteaw Mulkol > mgjuhog morg pglbbgr phosalto (jorbglo)
 c. Jalurut [keutza > mgjuhog morg talboe
k. @djcglosg `a
`amuolyo
Koro Jalbung
o. Yarosot @ustlar  
]olbol `olol > tohg pusot, tolbol `grg ↓ fulmus utarg to`g pusot josu` 
`ajcohg ↓ cahuj hapos, tatop/tgmo` josu` ↓ hapos
 

 c. Yarosot @hagl

Gcu mgjlto jalbamol ↓ tohg pusot turul `acowoe, carealtg jalbamol ↓
tohg pusot tatop ↓ hapos tohg pusot jasu` `ajcohg ↓ cahuj hapos
k. Yaarosot [trossglol
]olbol `olol ↓ jalorg` samg`gt tohg pusot tolbol `grg ↓ jalbatd`-lbatd` 

fulmus utarg taroso batorol > cahuj hapos

]olmo pahaposol phosalto

?) Yarucoeol caltu` utarus mol ]FQ
[ataho
[atahoe
e coyg
coyg mghoeg
mghoegr`o
r`ol
l mol sacahu
sacahuj
j jadjgt
jadjgtrgu
rguj
j jalyasu
jalyasuog`
og`ol
ol malbol
malbol
 parucoeol u`urol rdlbbo utarus, utarus caromo mohoj caltu` mgs`dgm mol ]FQ
 caromo mgcowoe ujcghg`us.
[atohoe
[atohoe utarus
utarus car`dltro`s
car`dltro`sgg mol phosalto
phosalto mgmdrdlb
mgmdrdlb `acowoe, caltu` utarus
jalnomg
jalnomg bhdcuhor mol ]FQ jalnomg
jalnomg mgotos pusot ( sarglb `ohg jalboroe
jalboroe `asgsg

`olol ). Cgosolyo phosalto hapos mohoj ?1 ‛ ;9 jalgt, mopot mgtulbbu sojpog

? noj.
 c. ]ohg pusot jajolnolb
[ajcurol moroe yojb tgco ‛ tgco yolb mgg`utg malbol jajolnolblyo tohg
 pusot `ahuor vobglo jalolmo`ol `ahaposol phosalto morg mglmglb utarus.
utarus.
k. [ajc
[ajcur
urol
ol mo
moroe
roe tgco
tgco ‛ ttgc
gcoo
Moroe
Moroe yolb
yolb tar`ujp
tar`ujpuh
uh mgcaho
mgcaho`ol
`olb
b phosal
phosalto
to o`ol
o`ol jajcol
jajcoltu
tu jalmdr
jalmdrdlb
dlb
 phosalto `ahuor carsojo coltuol morg brovgtosg. [ajcurol moroe yolb tgco ‛ 
tgco jalolmo`ol coewo `oltulb yolb tarnomg ratrdphosalto tahoe rdca` `atg`o

 phosalto jajgsoe.
 Eoh-Eoh yolb parhu
parhu mgpareotg`ol
o) Yarmoroeol
 c) @ahalb`opol phosalto
k) Omo tgmo`l
tgmo`lyo
yo phosa
phosalto
lto su`s
su`salt
alturg
urgoto
oto
m) @dltro`sg
@dltro`sg roegj,
roegj, ho`u`o
ho`u`ol
l jossoba
jossoba rglbol
rglbol pomo
pomo `drpus
`drpus utarg
utarg
a) Yalbdsdlbol
Yalbdsdlbol `olmulb
`olmulb `ajge << jalkaboe
jalkaboe otdlgo
otdlgo utarg
utarg
f) Yajc
Yajcar
argol
gol uta
utard
rdtu
tulg
lg`o
`o cgho
cgho parh
parhu
u
b) Dcsarvosg
Dcsarvosg ruptur
ruptur parglaguj
parglaguj otou
otou hu`o apgsgd
apgsgdtdjg
tdjg yolb
yolb omo << eaktglb
eaktglb

]artglbbohlyo sacobgol norglbol phosalto

o) Yarmor
Yarmoroeo
oeol
l paurpar
paurparguj
guj car`a
car`apol
polnol
nolbol
bol
 

 c) Coeoyo glfa`sg

k) Ydhg
Ydhgp
p phos
phosal
alto
to
m) Mabala
Mabalarosg
rosg bolo
bolo <<
<< `urgd`
`urgd`orsg
orsgldj
ldjoo

=) @oho GV

@oho GV omohoe `oho pajuhgeol joso yolb `rgtgs gcu mol olo`lyo, cu`ol
eolyo prdsas pajuhgeol sakoro fgsgs` satahoe jahoegr`ol tatopg nubo jalbowohg
eu
eucu
culb
lbol
ol yo
yolb
lb co
coru
ru sa
saho
hojo
jo so
sotu
tu sojpo
sojpogg mu
muoo no
noj.
j. Yo
Yomo
mo `o
`oho
ho GV gc
gcu
u josge
josge
jajcut
jajcutue`
ue`ol
ol palbow
palbowoso
osol
l yolb
yolb gltals
gltalsgva
gva `oralo
`oralo parmor
parmoroeo
oeol
l mopot
mopot tarnomg
tarnomg,,
jgsohl
jgsohlyo
yo `oralo
`oralo otdlgo
otdlgo utarg,
utarg, rdca`o
rdca`ol
l pomo
pomo sarvg`s
sarvg`s mol pargla
parglauj.
uj. Soto-ro
Soto-roto
to
 nujhoe parmoroeol ldrjoh omohoe ?99 ‛ ;99 kk, cgho parmoroeol mgotos 199 kk
jo`o mgolbbop potdhdbg. Yarhu mgglbot gcu tgmo` cdhae mgtglbboh`ol salmgrg mol
 cahuj cdhae mgpglmoe`ol `a
`a `ojorlyo.
 Eoh ‛ eoh yolb eorus
eorus mgpareotg`ol

o) @dl
dltr
tro`
o`sg
sg utar
utarus
us eor
oru
us cog` 
cog` 
 c) ]gmo` omo parmoroeol parvobglo otou ohot balatohgo hogl
k) Yhosa
Yhosalt
ltoo mol
mol saho
sahopu
putt `atu
`atuco
col
l eoru
eoruss taho
tahoe
e hoeg
hoegrr halb
halb`o
`op
p
m) @ol
olmu
mul
lb `ajge
ajge eor
orus
us `d
`dsd
sdlb
lb
a) Hu`o
Hu`o pa
parg
rgla
lauj
uj tarow
tarowot
ot co
cog`
g`,, tgm
tgmo`
o` om
omoo eaj
eajot
otdj
djoo
f) Coyg mo
mohoj `a
`aomool co
cog` 
b) Gcu mohoj `aomoo
ool
l cog` 

6. Yajar
Yajarg`s
g`sool
ool Mgobld
Mgobldstg
stg`/Y
`/Yalu
aluln
lnolb
olb

o. Yaja
Yajarg`
rg`soo
sool
l Hoc
Hocdr
drotd
otdrg
rguj
uj
?) Yajarg`
Yajarg`sool
sool urgl
urglaa prdtagl
prdtagl (Ohcu
(Ohcujgl
jgl))
Qltu` jalbatoeug omolyo rgsg`d pomo `aomool praa`hojsg joupul omolyo
bolbbuol pomo bglnoh mgho`u`ol pomo trgjastar GG mol GGG.
3) Yaja
Yajarg
rg`s
`soo
ool
l urgl
urgl buh
buhoo
Jalbbulo`ol raobal calamgkt mol jalbbulo`ol mgostgk.
;) Yaja
Yajarg
rg`s
`soo
ool
l mo
moro
roe.
e.
 c. Qhtrosdldbrofg (Q[B)
Ohot yolb jalbbulo`ol bahdjcolb uhtrosdulm ultu` jalmopot`ol bojcorol morg

 nolgl, phosalto mol utarus.

k. Yortdbrof.
 

Omohoe suotu ohot ultu` jajoltou `ajonuol prdsas parsohglol mol jajcoltu
 patubos `asaeotol mol jalbojcgh `aputusol mohoj palotoho`solool posgal.
Yortdbrof carcaltu` `artos brofg` yolb cargsg moto gcu, nolgl mol prdsas parsohglol.
Yortdbrof mgjuhog pomo pajcu`ool juhut roegj = kj (fosa o`tgf).
m. [t
[tatd
atds`
s`dp
dp Jdld
Jdld`u
`uha
har 
r 

Jalmalbor malyut noltulb nolgl, moaroe yolb pohglb nahos tarmalbor MNN, moaroe
tarsacut mgsacut fulbtuj jo`sgjuj.
a. Jajo`o
Jajo`ogg ohot
ohot @orm
@ormgdt
gdtd`d
d`dbro
brofg
fg (@]B
(@]B))
@ormgdtd`dbrofg omohoe bahdjcolb uhtrosdulm ultu` jalmata`sg fra`ualsg noltulb
 nolgl mol td`dmyldjdjatar ultu` jalmata`sg `dltro`sg utarus `ajumgol
`amuolyo mgra`oj pomo `artos yolb sojo saeglbbo tarhgeot bojcorol `aomool
 noltulb nolgl mol `dltro`sg utarus pomo soot yolb sojo

2. Yalo
Yaloto
toho
ho`s
`sol
oloo
ool
l Jamgs
Jamgs

?) Yalotoho`
Yalotoho`solo
solool
ol parsohglo
parsohglol
l @oho
@oho G

?) Carg`ol
Carg`ol mu`ulbol
mu`ulbol mol
mol suosolo
suosolo yolb jalyal
jalyalolb`
olb`ol
ol cobg porturga
porturgalt
lt
3) Carg`ol
Carg`ol glfdrjosg
glfdrjosg jalbalog
jalbalog nohollyo
nohollyo prdsas
prdsas parsohglol
parsohglol `apomo
`apomo porturgal
porturgal mol
mol
 palmojpglblyo.
;) Yalbojotol
Yalbojotol `asaeotol
`asaeotol nolgl sahojo parsohglol
parsohglol
o) Yomo
Yomo `osus parsohg
parsohglol
lol rasg`d
rasg`d ralmoe
ralmoe,, pomo `oho G MNN mgparg`so
mgparg`so satgop
satgop
;9 jalgt mol pomo `oho GG satgop ?1 jalgt satahoe caro`egrlyo `dltro`sg
utarus (egs
(egs).
).
 c) Yomo `osus parsohglol rasg`d tglbbg, pomo `oho G MNN mgparg`so malbol
fra`ualsg yolb hcge sarglb (satgop ?1 jalgt) mol pomo `oho GG satgop 1
jalgt.
=) Yalboj
Yalbojoto
otol
l `dlt
`dltro`
ro`sg
sg utarus
utarus
Jas`gpul
Jas`gpul mopot mgtaltu`ol
mgtaltu`ol malbol
malbol jalbbulo`o
jalbbulo`ol
l `ormgdtd`
`ormgdtd`dbrofg
dbrofg,, lojul
 palghogol `uohgtos egs
egs   mopot
mopot puh
puhoo mgho`u
mgho`u`ol
`ol sakoro
sakoro joluoh
joluoh malbol
malbol tah
tahopo
opo` 
` 
tolbol paldhdlb parsohglol yolb mghato``ol mgotos ocmdjal (utarus) porturgal.
1) ]olm
]olmoo vgt
vgtoh
oh gcu
gcu
o) [ueu tucue,
tucue, lomg
lomg mol
mol ta`olol
ta`olol moroe
moroe mglghog
mglghog satgop = noj.
 c) Cgho sahoput `atucol sumoe pakoe mol sueu tucue sa`gtor ;2.19 K
(‘cdrmarhgla‚) jo`o pajarg`sool sueu tucue mgho`u`ol satgop noj.
 

k) Cgho `atucol
`atucol pakoe
pakoe hacge
hacge morg ?5
?5 noj, carg`ol
carg`ol oltgcgd
oltgcgdtg`o
tg`o prdfgho`sg
prdfgho`sgs.
s.
6) Ya
Yaja
jarg
rg`s
`soo
ool
l V]
V] car
carg`
g`ut
ut
o) Yomo
Yomo `oho G `aparh
`aparhuol
uol mohoj
mohoj jalghog
jalghog stotus
stotus sarvg`,
sarvg`, stosgdl
stosgdl mol pdsgsg
pdsgsg
 cobgol taralmoe nolgl solbot carvorgosg.
 c) Qjujlyo pajarg`sool mohoj (V]) ultu` jalghog `ajonuol

 parsohglol mgho`u`ol tgop = noj.

k) Gl
Glmg
mg`o
`osg
sg pajar
pajarg`
g`so
sool
ol mohoj
mohoj mghuor wo`tu yolb
wo`tu yolb rutgl mgotos omohoe>
o. Jala
Jalalt
ltu`
u`ol
ol fos
fosaa parso
parsohg
hglo
lol.
l.
 c. [oot `atucol pakoe malbol cobgol taralmoe nolgl josge cahuj
josu` YOY.
k. Gc
Gcu
u jar
jaroso
oso gl
glbg
bgl
l jal
jalar
arol
ol..
m. Matg
Matg`
` nolt
noltul
ulb
b nolg
nolgl
l jalm
jalmom
omo`
o` jalno
jalnomg
mg curu`
curu` (8 ?39 otou < ?6
?69
9
mpj).
2) Jo`olol droh

o) [ac
[acog`l
og`lyo
yo pososga
gal
l tgm
tgmo` jal
jalb`b`dl
dlsu
sujs
jsgg jo`
jo`ol
olol
ol pom
omot
ot sa
saho
hojjo
 parsohglol fosa o`tgf mol `oho GG. Yalbdsdlbol hojculb soot parsohglol
o`tgf carholbsulb solbot hojcot.
 c) Yalyaropol dcot pardroh carholbsulb hojcot saeglbbo tarmopot coeoyo
ospgrosg soot porturgal jultoe.
k) Yom
Yomo so
soot
ot pars
parsoh
ohgl
glol
ol o`
o`tg
tgf,
f, pos
osga
gal
l josg
josge
e mgp
gpar
ar`
`al
alol
ol`
`ol ul
ultu
tu` 
` 
jalb`dlsujsg jo`olol kogr.
5) Kogr
Kogrol
ol gltr
gltrov
oval
aloo
@aultulbol pajcargol kogrol gltrovalo sahojo glportu>

o) Cg
Cghoj
hojol
oloo po
pomo
mo `o
`oho
ho GG
GGGG mgcu
mgcutu
tue`
e`ol
ol pa
pajc
jcarg
argol
ol d`
d`sg
sgtd
tdsg
sgl
l pr
prdf
dfgh
gho`
o`sgs
sgs
 pomo `osus otdlgo utarg.
 c) Yajcargol kogrol bhu`dso, lotrguj mol ogr malbol nujhoe 69‛?39 jh
 par noj mopot jalkaboe tarnomglyo maegmrosg mol osgmdsgs pomo gcu.
7) Ydsgsg
Ydsgsg gcu sahojo
sahojo parsoh
parsohglo
glol
l
o) Yosgal
Yosgal mgcarg`
mgcarg`ol
ol `acacosol
`acacosol sapalue
sapaluelyo
lyo ultu`
ultu` jajghge
jajghge pdsgsg
pdsgsg yolb
 pohglb lyojol cobg mgrglyo.
 c) Carnohol pomo soot glportu tgmo` sahohu jarupo`ol `dltroglmg`osg.

?9
?9)) Olohb
Olohbasg
asgoo
@acutueol olohbasgo sahojo parsohglol tarboltulb otos parjgltool posgal.
 

??)
??) Halb`o
Halb`opg
pg portdb
portdbroj
roj
o) @aomool
@aomool ujuj
ujuj porturgal
porturgal (ta`olol
(ta`olol moroe, lomg, sueu, parlofosol).
parlofosol).
 c) Yalbojotol fra`ualsg ‛ murosg ‛ gltalsgtos egs.
k) Yajc
Yajcar
argo
gol
l kogrol
kogrol gltr
gltrov
oval
alo.
o.
m) Yajc
Yajcar
argo
gol
l dc
dcot
ot-dc
-dcot
otol
ol..

?3
?3)) Ojlg
Ojlgdt
dtdj
djgg
o) Cg
Cgho
ho sahop
sahoput
ut `a
`atu
tuco
col
l josge
josge utue,
utue, jas`
jas`gp
gpul
ul po
pomo
mo pa
pars
rsohg
ohglo
lol
l yo
yolb
lb
mgpar`
mgpar`gro
gro`ol
`ol ldrjoh
ldrjoh tarmop
tarmopot
ot `akalm
`akalmaru
arulbo
lbol
l `uot
`uot pomo
pomo mgrg
mgrg md`tar 
md`tar 
yolb ca`arno mg cacaropo pusot `asaeotol ultu` jaho`u`ol ojlgdtdjg
malbol ohosol>
o. Yarsoh
Yarsohglo
glol
l o`ol
o`ol carhol
carholbsu
bsulb
lb hacg
hacge
e kapot.
kapot.
 c. Mata`sg mglg `aomool ogr `atucol yolb carkojpur ja`dlguj
(yolb
(yolb jarupo
jarupo`ol
`ol glmg`o
glmg`osg
sg omolyo
omolyo bowot
bowot nolgl)
nolgl) carhol
carholbsu
bsulb
lb
hacge kapot.

k. @asajpotol
@asajpotol ultu`
ultu` jaho`u`ol
jaho`u`ol pajosol
pajosolbol
bol aha`trdma
aha`trdma pomo
pomo `uhgt
`uhgt
`apoho nolgl mol prdsamur palbu`urol ta`olol gltroutargl.
 c) Lojul eorus mglbot coewo tglmo`ol ojlgdtdjg mglg jajarhu`ol
dcsarvosg yolb tarojot `atot saeglbbo tgmo` hoyo` mgho`u`ol sacobog
tglmo`ol rutgl.
?;) Fulbsg
Fulbsg `olmu
`olmulb
lb `ajge
`ajge
Mgstalsg `olmulb `ajge sahojo parsohglol eorus mgeglmorg dhae `oralo mopot>
o) Jalbe
Jalbeojc
ojcot
ot palur
palurulo
ulol
l `apoho
`apoho nolg
nolgl.
l.
 c) Jalyacoc`ol egpdtdlgo mol glfa`sg `olmulb `ajge.

k) Korh
Korhay
ay m``
m`` (3
(399
993)
3) jala
jalaju
ju`o
`oll co
coew
ewoo 1? momorg
rg ??
??.;
.;33
33 pa
pars
rsoh
ohgl
glol
ol
 parvobgloj jalbohojg `djphg`osg ratalsgd urgloa (? > 399 parsohglol).
parsohglol).
m) Fo`tdr
Fo`tdr rasg`d
rasg`d tarnomgly
tarnomglyoo ratalsgd
ratalsgd urgloa
urgloa posko
posko parsohgl
parsohglol>
ol>
o. Yarsohg
Yarsohglol
lol parvob
parvobglo
gloj
j dparot
dparotgf.
gf.
 c. Yajcargol olohbasgo rabgdloh
3) Yalot
Yalotoho
oho`so
`sool
ol parsoh
parsohglo
glol
l @oho GG
]unuol palotoho`solool parsohglol `oho GG>
?) Jalkaboe glfa`sg tro`tus balgtohgs jahohug tglmo`ol osapsgs mol oltgsapsgs.
3) Jahoegr`ol ‘wahh cdrl cocy‚.

;) Jalk
Jalkababoe
oe ob
obor
or tgmo
tgmo`
` tarn
tarnom
omgg `a
`aru
ruso
so`o
`ol
l dt
dtdt
dt mo
moso
sorr po
polb
lbbu
buhh sa
sako
koro
ro
 carhacgeol.
 

Yalaltuol `oho GG>

Mgtaltu`ol carmosor`ol eosgh pajarg`sool vobgloh tdukear yolb okop`ohg mgho`u`ol
otos glmg`osg>
?) @dlt
@dltro`
ro`sg
sg utar
utarus
us solbo
solbott `u
`uot
ot mo
mol
l mg
mgsar
sarto
togg gc
gcu
u yo
yolb
lb jaros
jarosoo solbo
solbott gl
glbg
bgl
l

jalarol.
3) Yakoel
Yakoelyo
yo `atuc
`atucol
ol sakor
sakoroo tgco-tg
tgco-tgco.
co.
Yomoo `oho
Yom `oho GG solbot
solbot mgparhu
mgparhu`ol
`ol `arnoso
`arnosojo
jo yolb
yolb cog`
cog` oltoro
oltoro portur
porturgal
gal malbol
malbol
 paldhdlb parsohglol.
?) Yar
Yarsg
sgop
opol
ol>>
o) Yarsgopol
Yarsgopol sat ‘partdhdlbol
‘partdhdlbol parsohglo
parsohglol‚
l‚ halb`op.
halb`op.
 c) Jajglto posgal ultu` jalbdsdlb`ol `olmulb `ajge cgho taroco
`olmulb `ajge mgotos sgjfgsgs pucgs.
k) Jajc
Jajcar
arsge
sge`o
`ol
l pa
parg
rgla
lauj
uj,, ro
rojc
jcut
ut pu
pucg
cgss mo
mol
l po
poeo
eo ma
malb
lbol
ol ho
horu
rutol
tol

mgsglfa`tol.
m) Jahato``ol
Jahato``ol `ogl carsge mgcobgol
mgcobgol cowoe cd`dlb
cd`dlb porturgal.
porturgal.
a) Yaldhd
Yaldhdlb
lb parsoh
parsohglo
glol
l jalbal
jalbalo`o
o`ol
l paroho
parohotol
tol ultu`
ultu` palboj
palbojolo
olol
l mgrg
mgrg
(sapotu cddt, oprdl, `okojoto pahglmulb mol palutup egmulb & juhut).
3) Yartd
Yartdhd
hdlb
lbol
ol parsoh
parsohgl
glol
ol>>
o) Ydsg
Ydsgsg
sg po
posga
sgal
l sa
saco
cog`
g`ly
lyoo mo
moho
hoj
j `a
`aom
omoo
ool
l mo
moto
torr mg
mgot
otos
os ta
tajp
jpot
ot tgmu
tgmur 
r 
 parsohglol.
 c) Qltu` pajoporol yolb cog`, mgbulo`ol paloeol rabgd pdphgtao yolb
tgmo` tarhojpou ralbbolb malbol `amumu`ol yolb sojo tglbbg.

;) Yarso
Yarsohg
hglo
lol
l `a
`apo
poho
ho>>
o) [atahoe
[atahoe mghotosg sarvg` halb`op,
halb`op, pomo satgop
satgop egs vuhvo sajo`gl tarcu`o
tarcu`o
o`gcot mdrdlbol `apoho mol tarnomg ‘krdwlglb‚
‘krdwlglb‚..
 c) Olus jalnomg tarabolb mol jaldlndh.
jaldlndh. Mglmglb oltargdr ra`tuj cgosolyo
jalnomg hacge jumoe mghgeot.
k) Cgho
Cgho tgmo`
tgmo` mgho`u
mgho`u`ol
`ol apgsgdtdj
apgsgdtdjg,
g, tarutoj
tarutojoo pomo
pomo luhgpo
luhgporo
ro o`ol
o`ol tarnom
tarnomgg
 palgpgsol parglauj mol saholnutlyo tarnomg hosarosg parglauj sakoro
spdltol.
m) Apgsdtdjg
Apgsdtdjg tgmo` parhu mgho`u`ol
mgho`u`ol sakoro rutgl mol ealmo`lyo
ealmo`lyo mgho`u`ol
mgho`u`ol

sakoro glmgvgmuoh otos sapalbatoeuol mol sagngl porturgal. Apgsgdtdjg

tarutojo
tarutojo morg nalgs apgsgdtdjg jamgolo jumoe
jamgolo jumoe jalyacoc`ol tarnomglyo
 

ru
rupt
ptur
uroo pa
parg
rgla
lagg tdto
tdtohg
hgss (jal
(jalba
balo
logg ra`tu
ra`tuj)
j)00 sacoh
sacohg`
g`ly
lyoo cg
cgho
ho tgmo
tgmo` 
` 
mgho`u`ol apgsgdtdjg mopot jalyacoc`ol rdca`ol mgmoaroe mapol yolb
jalbalog urateroa.

Joluvar Sgtbal>

]unuol jolauvar Sgtbal>

?) Jajcoltu
Jajcoltu palbalmohg
palbalmohgol
ol parsohglol `apoho
`apoho nolgl
3) Jajcoltu
Jajcoltu mafha`sg
mafha`sg (a`stalsg)
(a`stalsg) `apoho
`apoho
;) Mgojatar
Mgojatar `apoho nolgl yolb jahawotg
jahawotg parglauj omohoe mgojatar
mgojatar yolb pohglb
pohglb
`akgh saeglbbo mopot
=) Jalkaboe
Jalkaboe tarnomglyo
tarnomglyo kamaro
kamaro parglauj
parglauj
[oot
[oot `a
`apo
poho
ho nolg
nolgl
l jarab
jarabol
olb
b vu
vuhv
hvoo mo
mol
l pa
parg
rgla
lauj
uj (‘krdwlglb‚)
(‘krdwlglb‚)   malbol
mgoj
mgojata
atarr 1 kj,
kj, ma
malb
lbol
ol mgoho
mgohosg
sg dhae
dhae `o
`ogl
gl co
cosoe
soe to
tolb
lbol
ol `o
`olo
lol
l pa
pald
ldhd
hdlb
lb
jaho`u`ol mdrdlbol pomo parglauj ma`ot malbol mobu nolgl `aoroe mapol

otos. ]olbol `grg jaho`u`ol ta`olol rglbol pomo moaroe d`sgput. Jolauvar glg
mgho`u`ol
mgho` u`ol ultu` jalbotur
jalbotur mafha`sg `apoho
`apoho obor tgmo` tarnomg kamaro carhacgeol
carhacgeol
 pomo parglauj.
[ata
[ataho
hoe
e hoeg
hoegr,
r, `a
`apo
poho
ho nolg
nolgl
l tar`
tar`uh
uhog
og `a
`apd
pdst
starg
argdr
dr sa
saeg
eglb
lbbo
bo ju`o
ju`o no
nolg
lgl
l
jalma`ot pomo olus gcu. [aholnutlyo d`sgput carputor (putorol rastgtusg) yolb
jalulnu``ol coewo mgojatar cgs-okrdjgoh (mgojatar trolvarsoh tedrox) caromo
 pomo pdsgsg oltardpdstargdr Ygltu Otos Yolbbuh mol pomo soot gtu ju`o mol
egmulb olo` ealmo`lyo mgcarsge`ol [arglb`ohg, sasoot satahoe putor po`sg huor,
 coeu tarhgeot mg vuhvo mol hoegr sakoro spdltol. Cgho tgmo`, parhu mgho`u`ol

a`stro`sg malbol nohol jaho`u`ol ka`opol pomo `apoho olo` mol mgho`u`ol
tro`sg kuroj `acowoe ultu` jahoegr`ol coeu mapol mgcowoe orkus pucgs.
Qltu
Qltu`
` jalk
jalkab
aboe
oe tarn
tarnom
omgl
glyo
yo mgst
mgstds
dsgo
go co
coeu
eu,, sa
sanu
nujh
jhoe
oe oe
oehg
hg dc
dcst
stat
atrg
rg
jalyorol`ol obor tarhacge muhu jahoegr`ol coeu mapol sacahuj jaho`u`ol
 pajcarsgeol egmulb mol juhut
juhut nolgl otou jajarg`so omolyo hghgtol tohgpusot
tohgpusot..
Yarsohglol
Yarsohglol sgso tucue
tucue nolgl cgosolyo o`ol jalbg`utg
jalbg`utg parsohglol coeu tolpo
`asuhg
`asuhgtol
tol,, cgho
cgho obo`
obo` samg`g
samg`gtt hojo
hojo jo`o
jo`o parsohg
parsohglol
lol sgso tucue
tucue nolgl
nolgl tarsacu
tarsacutt
mopot
mopot mgho`u
mgho`u`ol
`ol malbol
malbol tro`sg
tro`sg `apoho
`apoho sasuog
sasuog malbol
malbol o`sgs
o`sgs tucue
tucue nolgl
nolgl mol
mgsartog malbol ta`olol rglbol pomo fulmus utarg. Nolbol jaho`u`ol `ogtol

 pomo `atgo` nolgl ultu` jalbeglmorg

jalbeglmorg tarnomglyo kamaro sorof a`strgjgtos otos.
1) Jajcar
Jajcarsge
sge`ol
`ol losdpe
losdpeory
orylx
lx
 

Yarhu mgho`u`ol tglmo`ol pajcarsgeol ju`o, egmulb mol juhut olo` satahoe
momo
momo hoeg
hoegrr mol
mol olo`
olo` juho
juhogg jalb
jalbom
omo`
o`ol
ol gl
glsp
spgr
gros
osg,
g, ul
ultu
tu`
` jajp
jajpar
ar`a
`akg
kghh
`ajulb`glol tarnomglyo ospgrosg kogrol ojlgdl, coeol tartaltu mgmohoj kogrol
ojlgdl sarto moroe.
6) Hghg
Hghgto
tol
l tohgp
tohgpus
usot
ot

[atahoe coeu mapol hoegr, mgho`u`ol

[atahoe mgho`u`ol pajarg`sool
pajarg`sool omolyo
omolyo hghgtol
hghgtol tohgpusot
tohgpusot
mghaear olo` malbol jalbbulo`ol norg tahulnu`. Hghgtol tohgpusot tarnomg pomo
31% parsohglol mol cu`ol jarupo`ol
jarupo`ol `aomool
`aomool yolb carcoeoyo.
carcoeoyo. Cgho tarmopot
hghgtol tohgpusot, jo`o hghgtol tarsacut mopot mg`almdr`oljahawotg cobgol otos
`apoho
`apoho mol cgho
cgho hghgto
hghgtol
l tarhoj
tarhojpou
pou arot
arot otou carbol
carbolmo
mo jo`o
jo`o mopot
mopot mgho`u
mgho`u`ol
`ol
 pajdtdlbol tohgpusot tarhacge muhu satahoe mgho`u`ol pajosolbol muo cuoe
`haj palnapgt tohgpusot.
2) Jalnap
Jalnapgt
gt tohgpus
tohgpusot
ot
@haj palnapgt tohgpusot mgposolb =‛1 kj mgmapol ocmdjal olo` mol palnapgt

tohg
tohgpu
puso
sott (p
(pho
host
stg`
g`)) mgpo
mgposo
solb
lb malb
malbol
ol no
noro
ro`
` 3‛
3‛;; kj mo morg
rg `h
`haj
aj pa
paln
lnap
apgt
gt..
Yajdtdlbol mgho`u`ol mgoltoro `haj mol palnapgt tohgpusot.
to hgpusot.
[oot pajosolbol palnapgt tohgpusot>
Cghoo satahoe
Cgh satahoe parsohg
parsohglol
lol,, ladlot
ladlotus
us mghato
mghato``o
``ol
l pomo
pomo `atglb
`atglbbgo
bgol
l mgcowo
mgcowoe
e
gltrdg
gltrdgtus
tus vobglo
vobgloaa sahojo
sahojo ; jalgt
jalgt mol sgr`uh
sgr`uhosg
osg utardp
utardphos
hosalt
altoo tgmo`
tgmo` sabaro
sabaro
mgealtg`ol malbol jajosolb palnapgt tohgpusot, jo`o o`ol tarmopot palbohgrol
moroe sacolyo` 59 jh morg phosalto `a tucue ladlotus mol eoh tarsacut mopot
jalkaboe mafgsgalsg zot casg pomo joso ladlotus.
Yajo
Yajosol
solbo
bol
l pa
paln
lnap
apgt
gt tohg
tohgpu
puso
sott saco
sacog`
g`ly
lyoo mg
mgho
ho`u
`u`o
`ol
l sa
saba
baro
ro sa
sata
tahoe
hoe

 pajcarsgeol nohol lofos yolb cgosolyo carholbsulb sa`gtor ;9 matg` mol

sacog`lyo ladlotus tgmo` mgtajpot`ol hacge tglbbg morg gltrdgtus vobgloa otou
ocmdjal (soot saktgd koasor)
;) Yalot
Yalotoho
oho`so
`sool
ol parsoh
parsohglo
glol
l @oho GGG
Yarsohglol @oho GGG omohoe pargdma satahoe hoegrlyo olo` sojpog phosalto
hoeg
hoegr.
r. [aba
[abaro
ro satah
satahoe
oe ol
olo`
o` hoeg
hoegrr mgho
mgho`u
`u`o
`ol
l pa
palg
lgho
hogo
gol
l ot
otos
os u`
u`ur
urol
ol ca
casor
sor mo
mol
l
`dlsgst
`dlsgstals
alsgg utarus
utarus mol mgtalt
mgtaltu`o
u`ol
l opo`oe
opo`oe glg oohoe
oohoe parsohg
parsohglol
lol pomo
pomo `aeojg
`aeojghol
hol
tulbboh otou `ajcor. Cgho `dltro`sg utarus carholbsulb malbol cog` mol tgmo` 
tarmopo
tarmopott parmor
parmoroeo
oeol
l jo`o
jo`o mopot
mopot mgho`u
mgho`u`ol
`ol palboj
palbojoto
otol
l otos
otos holkorl
holkorlyo
yo prdsas
prdsas

 parsohglol `oho GGG.

Yalotoho`solool `oho GGG>
 

]olmo-tolmo haposlyo phosalto>

?) Qtarus jalnomg
jalnomg sajo`gl
sajo`gl culmor
culmor mol
mol jalnom
jalnomgg `aros.
`aros.
3) Yalbah
Yalbahuor
uorol
ol moroe
moroe sakor
sakoroo jalmom
jalmomo`.
o`.
;) Fulmus
Fulmus utarg log`
log` dhae
dhae `oralo phosalto
phosalto yolb
yolb hapos
hapos carnohol
carnohol `acowoe
`acowoe `amohoj
`amohoj
sabjal cowoe utarus.

=) ]ohg
]ohgpu
puso
sott mg ma
mapo
pol
l jaln
jalnom
omgg sajo`
sajo`gl
gl po
poln
lnol
olb
b yo
yolb
lb jalu
jaluln
lnu`
u``o
`ol
l co
coew
ewoo
 phosalto sumoe turul.
]olmo-tolmo mgotos `omolb-`omolb mopot tarnomg mohoj wo`tu sa`gtor ? jalgt
satahoe olo` hoegr mol ujujlyo carholbsulb mohoj wo`tu 1 jalgt. Cgho phosalto
sumoe hapos, eorus mgtaltu`ol opo`oe tarmopot `dltro`sg utarus yolb cog`. Yorturgal
mgjglto
mgjglto ultu`
ultu` jalarol
jalarol mol `a`uotol
`a`uotol ta`olol
ta`olol gltrocmdjgl
gltrocmdjgloh
oh tarsacut
tarsacut cgosolyo
cgosolyo
sumoe ku`up ultu` jahoegr`ol phosalto. Cgho malbol koro mgotos phosalto cahuj
mopot
mopot mghoeg
mghoegr`o
r`ol,
l, jo`o
jo`o pomo
pomo soot tarmopo
tarmopott `dltro
`dltro`sg
`sg utarus
utarus mgho`u
mgho`u`ol
`ol ta`olo
ta`olol
l
rglbol pomo fulmus utarg mol tohgpusot samg`gt mgtorg` `ahuor ultu` jalbahuor`ol

 phosalto
]aelg` jahoegr`ol phosalto>
?) ]olbol `grg jaho`u`ol
jaho`u`ol ahavosg utarus (sapartg tolmo
tolmo poloe) malbol tolbol `olol
jajpartoeol`ol pdsgsg tohgpusot.
3) Yorturgal mopot mgjglto ultu` jajcoltu hoegrlyo
hoegrlyo phosalto malbol
malbol jalarol.
;) [ataho
[atahoe
e phosal
phosalto
to sojpog
sojpog mg pargla
parglauj
uj,, olb`ot
olb`ot `ahuor
`ahuor phosalto
phosalto malbol
malbol jalorg` 
jalorg` 
tohgpusot `aotos.
=) Yh
Yhos
osal
alto
to mgho
mghoeg
egr`
r`ol
ol ma
malb
lbol
ol ba
baro
ro`o
`ol
l ‘jaj
‘jajah
ahgl
gltg
tgr‚
r‚ ph
phos
osal
alto
to sojpo
sojpogg sahop
sahoput
ut
`atucol obor sahoput `atucol tgmo` rdca` mol hoegr sakoro halb`op dhae `oralo

sgso sahoput `atucol mohoj utarus mopot jalyacoc`ol tarnomglyo parmoroeol

 posko parsohglol.
Yalotoho`solool `oho GGG o`tgf>
Yalo
Yalotoh
toho`
o`sol
solool
ool o`
o`tg
tgff `o
`oho
ho GG
GGGG (p
(pal
alba
bahu
huoro
orol
l ph
phosa
osalt
ltoo sakoro
sakoro o`
o`tg
tgf)
f) mo
mopo
pott
jalurul`ol olb`o `anomgol parmoroeol posko parsohglol.
Yalotoho`solool o`tgf `oho GGG tarmgrg morg>
?) Yajcargol
Yajcargol d`sgtd
d`sgtdsgl
sgl sabaro
sabaro satahoe
satahoe olo`
olo` hoegr 
hoegr 
3) ]org`ol
]org`ol pomo
pomo tohgpusot
tohgpusot sakoro
sakoro tar`almohg
tar`almohg
;) Jososa utarus
utarus sabaro
sabaro satahoe
satahoe phosalto
phosalto hoegr
hoegr

]aelg`>
 

?) [ataho
[atahoe
e olo`
olo` hoegr,
hoegr, mgtaltu`
mgtaltu`ol
ol opo`oe
opo`oe tgmo` tarmopot
tarmopot `ajulb`g
`ajulb`glol
lol omolyo
omolyo
 nolgl `ajcor.
3) Cgho
Cgho glg omohoe
omohoe parsohg
parsohglol
lol nolgl
nolgl tulbboh,
tulbboh, sabaro
sabaro carg`ol
carg`ol d`sgtdsg
d`sgtdsgl
l ?9 Q g.j
(otou jatearbgl 9.3 jb g.j cgho tgmo` omo `dltro glmg`osg)
;) Sabolb`ol
Sabolb`ol tohgpuso
tohgpusott sakoro tar`almoh
tar`almohgg (‘kdltrdhham
(‘kdltrdhham kdrm
kdrm troktgdl‚)>
troktgdl‚)>

o) ]ahopo`
]ahopo` tolbol
tolbol `olol mghato`
mghato``ol
`ol mgotos
mgotos sgjfgsgs
sgjfgsgs pucgs.
pucgs. Cgho sumoe
sumoe tarmopot
tarmopot
`dltro`sg, ho`u`ol mdrdlbol cobgol cowoe utarus `aoroe mdrsd`rolgoh
 c) ]olbol `grg jajabolb `haj tohgpusot, 1‛6 kj mgmapol vuhvo.
k) Yarto
Yartoeo
eol`
l`ol
ol tr
tro`
o`sg
sg rglb
rglbol
ol po
pomo
mo to
tohg
hgpu
pusot
sot mo
mol
l tu
tulb
lbbu
bu om
omol
olyo
yo `d
`dlt
ltro`
ro`sg
sg
utarus yolb `uot.
m) [atahoe
[atahoe `dltro`
`dltro`sg
sg utarus
utarus tarnomg,
tarnomg, ho`u`o
ho`u`ol
l torg`ol
torg`ol tar`almo
tar`almohg
hg pomo
pomo tohgpus
tohgpusot
ot
so
sojc
jcgh
gh jaho
jaho`u
`u`o
`ol
l ba
baro`
ro`ol
ol jalm
jalmdr
drdl
dlb
b co
cobg
bgol
ol co
cowo
woe
e ut
utaru
aruss `a
`aoro
oroe
e
mdrsd`rolgoh.
a) Yalorg`ol
Yalorg`ol tohgpus
tohgpusot
ot eolyo
eolyo cdhae
cdhae mgho`u`ol
mgho`u`ol soot
soot utarus
utarus `dltro`sg
`dltro`sg..

f) Qholb
Qholbgg baro`ol-b
baro`ol-baro`
aro`ol
ol mgotos
mgotos sojpog
sojpog phosalto
phosalto tarhapo
tarhapos.
s.
b) [atahoe
[atahoe jaroso
jaroso coewo phosalto
phosalto sumoe
sumoe hapos,
hapos, `ahuor`
`ahuor`ol
ol phosalto
phosalto malbol
malbol
`amuo tolbol mol hoegr`ol malbol baro` jajahgltgr.
=) [atahoe
[atahoe phosalto hoegr, ho`u`ol
ho`u`ol jososa fulm
fulmus
us utarg obor tarnomg
tarnomg `dltro`sg
`dltro`sg mol
sgso moroe mohoj rdlbbo utarus mopot mg`ahuor`ol.
1) Ng`o
Ng`o tgmo`
tgmo` tarnomg
tarnomg `dltro`sg
`dltro`sg utarus
utarus yolb
yolb `u
`uot
ot (otdlgo
(otdlgo utarg) mol otou
otou tarnomg
tarnomg
 parmoroeol eacot sabaro satahoe phosalto hoegr, ho`u`ol `djprasg cgjoluoh.
6) Ng`o
Ng`o otdl
otdlgo
go utar
utargg tgmo
tgmo`
` taro
tarotos
tosgg mo
moho
hoj
j wo`t
wo`tu
u ? ‛ 3 jalg
jalgt,
t, g`
g`ut
utgg pr
prdt
dtd`
d`dh
dh
 palotoho`solool parmoroeol posko parsohglol.

2) Ng`o
Ng`o phosal
phosalto
to cahuj
cahuj hoegr
hoegr mohoj
mohoj wo`tu
wo`tu ?1 jalgt,
jalgt, carg`o
carg`ol
l glna`sg
glna`sg d`sgtd
d`sgtdsgl
sgl
`amuo mol uholbg baro`ol-baro`ol mgotos.
5) Ng`o phosalto
phosalto cahuj
cahuj hoegr mohoj
mohoj wo`tu ;9 jalgt>
jalgt>
o) Yarg`so
Yarg`so `olmulb
`olmulb `ajge,
`ajge, cgho palue
palue ho`u`ol
ho`u`ol `otatargsosg
`otatargsosg..
 c) Yarg`so omolyo tolmo-tolmo pahaposol phosalto.
k) Carg`ol
Carg`ol glna`sg
glna`sg d`sgtd
d`sgtdsgl
sgl `atgbo.
`atgbo.

=) Yalot
Yalotoho
oho`so
`sool
ol pars
parsohg
ohglol
lol @
@oho
oho GV
GV

Muo noj partoj

partojoo posko
posko parsohg
parsohglol
lol jarupo`o
jarupo`ol
l wo`tu
wo`tu `rgtgs
`rgtgs cobg
cobg gcu mol
ladlotus. @amuolyo coru sono jalbohojg parucoeol fgsg` huor cgoso mgjolo gcu
 

 coru jahoegr`ol coyg morg mohoj parutlyo mol ladlotus samolb jalyasuog`ol
`aegmupol mgrglyo malbol mulgo huor. Yatubos jamgs eorus tglbboh carsojo gcu mol
ladlotus ultu` jajostg`ol coewo `amuolyo caromo mohoj `dlmgsg stocgh mol mopot
jalbojcgh tglmo`ol yolb tapot mol kapot ultu` jalbomo`ol stocghgsosg.
Holb`oe-holb`oe palotoho`solool parsohglol `oho GV>

?) Yarg`so
Yarg`so fulmus utarg tgop ?1 jalgt
jalgt pomo noj partojo mol satgop ;9 jalgt pom
pomoo
 noj `amuo.
3) Yarg`so
Yarg`so ta`olol moroe ‛ lomg ‛ `olmulb
`olmulb `ajge mol parmoroeol
parmoroeol satgop ?1 jalgt
jalgt
 pomo noj partojo mol ;9 jalgt pomo noj `amuo.
;) Olnur`ol gcu ultu`
ultu` jgluj mol
mol towor`ol jo`olol yolb mgo glbgl`ol.
=) Carsge`ol parglauj mol `alo`ol po`ogol gcu yolb carsge mol `arglb.
1) Cgor`ol
Cgor`ol gcu
gcu cargstgr
cargstgroeot.
oeot.
6) Cgor`ol
Cgor`ol gcu caromo
caromo mgma`ot
mgma`ot ladlotus.
ladlotus.
2) Carg
Carg`o
`ol
l `a
`asaj
sajpo
poto
tol
l ob
obor
or gc
gcu
u juho
juhogg jajc
jajcar
arg`
g`ol
ol O[G,
O[G, eo
eohh gl
glgg nu
nubo
bo mo
mopo
pott

jajcoltu `dltro`sg utarus.

5) Cgho
Cgho glbgl,
glbgl, gcu mgpar`
mgpar`alo
alol`
l`ol
ol ultu`
ultu` `a `ojor
`ojor jolmg
jolmg ultu`
ultu` cuolb ogr `akgh.
`akgh.
Yostg`ol coewo gcu sumoe mopot cuolb ogr `akgh mohoj wo`tu ; noj posko
 parsohglol.
7) Carg`ol patulnu` `apomo gcu otou olbbouto `ahuorbo jalbalog>
o) Koro ja
jalbojotg `d
`dltro`sg ut
utarus.
 c) ]olmo-tolmo coeoyo cobg gcu mol ladlotus.
ladlotus.
?9) Gcu yolb coru carsohgl sacog`lyo
sacog`lyo caromo mg `ojor carsohgl sahojo 3 noj mol
sacahuj mgpglmoe`ol `a ruolb lgfos patubos jamgs eorus yo`gl coewo>

o) @aomool
@aomool ujuj
ujuj gcu cog`
cog`..
 c) @dltro`sg utarus cog` mol tgmo` tarmopot parmoroeol.
k) Kamaro parglau
parglauj
j sumoe mgparcog`g.
mgparcog`g.
m) Yosgal tgmo`
tgmo` jalbahu
jalbahue
e lyarg.
a) @olmulb
@olmulb `ajge `dsdlb.
`dsdlb.

5. @djphg`osg

Carg`ut cacaropo `djphg`osg yolb cgoso tarnomg pomo parsohglol>

o. Supt
Suptur
ur Qta
Qtarg
rg
 

[akoro samareolo ruptur utarg omohoe rdca`ol pomo roegj otou roegj tgmo` utue.
]armop
]armopot
ot `aomoo
`aomool
l yolb
yolb jalglb
jalglb`ot
`ot`ol
`ol `anomg
`anomgol
ol ruptur
ruptur utarg,
utarg, jgsohl
jgsohlyo
yo gcu yolb
yolb
jalbohojg dparosg koasor pomo `aeojghol sacahujlyo. [ahogl gtu, `aeojghol malbol
 nolgl yolb tarhohu casor, `aeojghol malbol parabolbol roegj yolb carhacgeol, sapartg
 pomo `aeojghol `ajcor, mopot puho jalyacoc`ol roegj
ro egj solbot tarabolb mol jalgpgs

saeglbbo rdca`. Banoho yolb sarglb julkuh omohoe lyarg yolb solbot carot mol malyut
 noltulb nolgl yolb tgmo` ldrjoh. Yomo `aomool owoh, ng`o sabaro mg`atoeug mol
mgtolbolg
mgtolbolg mopot tgmo` jalgjcuh`ol
jalgjcuh`ol banoho mol tgmo` jajpalboru
jajpalborueg
eg `aomool
`aomool gcu mol
 nolgl. Lojul, ng`o rdca`ol yolb huos mol jalyacoc`ol parmoroeol yolb colyo`,
md`tar o`ol sabaro jaho`u`ol dparosg sabaro ultu` jahoegr`ol coyg sojpog pomo
 palbolb`otol roegj. Eoh glg cartunuol obor gcu tgmo` `aegholbol moroe tarhohu colyo`,
mol coygpul mopot mgsahojot`ol. Yarmoroeol eacot nubo jajarhu`ol trofusg moroe mol
 partdhdlbol morurot hogllyo, sojpog pomo mgcutue`ollyo
mgcutue`ollyo fosghgtos GKQ mol LGKQ.
Opocgho tarnomg parmoroeol yolb eacot mohoj parut gcu, eoh glg jalbo`gcot`ol

suphog moroe `a phosalto

suphog phosalto mol nolgl jalnomg
jalnomg car`urolb,
car`urolb, saeglbbo
saeglbbo mopot jalyacoc`ol
jalyacoc`ol
`ajotg
`aj otgol
ol nolgl
nolgl mol gcu.
gcu. Ng`o
Ng`o gcu jajghg
jajghg`g
`g rgwoyo
rgwoyott ruptur
ruptur utarg
utarg pomo
pomo `aeojg
`aeojghol
hol
sacahujlyo, mgsorol`ol ultu` tgmo` eojgh hobg sacoc carasg`d tarnomglyo ruptur utarg
yolb
yolb caruho
caruholb.
lb. Lojul,
Lojul, ng`o
ng`o Olmo
Olmo eojgh
eojgh hobg,
hobg, mgparhu
mgparhu`ol
`ol palbow
palbowosol
osol yolb
yolb `atat
`atat
sahojo `aeojghol, `ajumgol coyg o`ol mghoegr`ol malbol koro koasor.
c. ]rouj
]roujo
o Yargla
Yarglauj
uj
Yorglauj omohoe dtdt, `uhgt, mol norglbol yolb omo mgoltoro `ahojgl mol olus.
]roujo parglauj omohoe hu`o pomo parglauj sarglb tarnomg soot prdsas parsohglol. Eoh
glg `oralo maso`ol `apoho otou cobgol tucue nolgl sakoro tgco-tgco, saeglbbo `uhgt mol

 norglbol parglauj rdca`. Carmosop`ol tglb`ot `aporoeollyo, troujo parglauj mgcobg

jalnomg maronot sotu eglbbo ajpot. ]roujo maronot sotu mgtolmog omolyo hu`o pomo
hopgsol
hopgsol `uhgt mol hopgsol
hopgsol ju`dso
ju`dso sohurol
sohurol vobglo.
vobglo. Yarmoroeoll
Yarmoroeollyo
yo cgosolyo
cgosolyo samg`gt.
samg`gt.
]roujo
]roujo marono
maronott muo,
muo, hu`o
hu`o sumoe
sumoe jalkop
jalkopog
og dtdt.
dtdt. ]roujo
]roujo marono
maronott tgbo
tgbo mol ajpot
ajpot
jahgputg
jahgputg moaroe yolb hacge huos, coe`ol
coe`ol pomo maronot ajpot tahoe jalkopog dtdt-dtdt
dtdt-dtdt
olus, saeglbbo palmoroeollyo pul hacge colyo`.
]roujo
]roujo porgla
porglauj
uj hacge
hacge sarglb
sarglb tarnom
tarnomgg pomo
pomo `aomoo
`aomool-`
l-`aom
aomool
ool sapartg
sapartg u`urol
u`urol
 nolgl tarhohu casor, prdsas parsohglol yolb hojo, sarto palbbulool ohot coltu
 parsohglol (jgsoh fdrsap). Omolyo hu`o pomo nohol hoegr taltu sono jalgjcuh`ol roso

lyarg yolb cartoeol sahojo cacaropo jglbbu satahoe jahoegr`ol. Olmo mopot puho
jalbahue`ol lyarg `atg`o careuculbol gltgj.
 

[oot parsohglol,
parsohglol, tar`omolb md`tar jaho`u`ol
jaho`u`ol apgsgdtdjg,
apgsgdtdjg, yogtu jalbbultglb
jalbbultglb
 parglauj ultu` jalburolbg troujo yolb carhacgeol pomo moaroe parglauj mol
jalkaboe
jalkaboe rdca`ol
rdca`ol parglauj
parglauj yolb tgmo` caroturol.
caroturol. Malbol
Malbol apgsgdtdjg,
apgsgdtdjg, parglauj
mgbultglb obor nohol hoegr hacge huos. malbol majg`gol parhu`ool yolb tarnomg mopot
mgjglgjoh`ol

C. @dlsap Mosor Osueo

Osueol
l @aparowo
@aparowotol
tol
?. Yalb
Yalb`o
`ong
ngol
ol @apar
@aparow
owot
otol
ol
@oho G
o. Sgwoyo
Sgwoyott sa`orol
sa`orolb,
b, kotot tolmo
tolmo parsoh
parsohglo
glol
l sapart
sapartgg egs yolb
yolb tarotur,
tarotur, fra`uals
fra`ualsg,
g,
gltarvoh, omolyo ruptur, sahoput `atucol mol stotus ajdsgdloh.
 c. Yajarg`sool fgsg`, mghotosg utarg 9-; kj pdsgsg fatus, egs olotoro 1-;9 jalgt mol
 carholbsulb sahojo ?9-;9 jalgt vobglo jalbahuor`ol kogrol pgl`, kd`hot,
ruptur, `ahueol, MNN tarmalbor hacge nahos mg ujcghg`us
k. @dlt
@dltro
ro`s
`sgg ta`ol
ta`olol
ol utaru
utaruss mgho
mghoto
tosg
sg ka
karv
rvg`
g`ss mo
mol
l palu
paluru
rulo
lol
l `o
`oro`
ro`ta
targs
rgstg
tg`
` yo
yolb
lb
jalbbojcor`ol `dltro`sg utarus> Fra`ualsg, gltarloh, gltalsgtos, murosg, tdlus
gstgroeot
m. Yalg
Yalgpg
pgso
sol
l karvg
karvg`s
`s,, av
avos
osaj
ajal
al jalm
jalmoe
oeuh
uhug
ug mg
mgho
hoto
tosg
sg karvg
karvg`s
`s po
pomo
mo `a
`aeo
eojg
jgho
hol
l
 partojo mol sarglb mgg`utg pajcu`ool mohoj `aeojghol carg`utlyo
carg`utlyo
a. Yajcu`ool
Yajcu`ool karvg`s,
karvg`s, omohoe
omohoe sacobgo
sacobgol
l casor tolmo-to
tolmo-tolmo
lmo yolb
yolb jalaltu`o
jalaltu`ol
l coewo
`a`uotol `dltro`sg utarus yolb afa`tgf mol `ajonuol parsohglol
f. Yohpos
Yohposgg ocmdjal
ocmdjal (Hadpdhm
(Hadpdhm)) ultu` jajcar
jajcarg`o
g`ol
l glfdrjosg
glfdrjosg nujhoe
nujhoe fatus,
fatus, hato` 
 nolgl, palurulol nolgl.
b. Yajarg`sool
Yajarg`sool Vobglo>
Vobglo> jajcro
jajcrol,
l, karvg`s
karvg`s,, fatus,
fatus, stotgdl.
stotgdl.
e. ]as mgobld
mgobldstg`
stg` mol hocdrot
hocdrotdrg
drguj>
uj> spasgjal
spasgjal urgl,
urgl, tas moroe,
moroe, ruptur
ruptur jajcrol
jajcrola,
a,
kogrol ojlgdl> Rorlo, `oro`tar mol nujhoe
@oho GG
o. Moto
Moto ujuj
ujuj Yalg
Yalglb
lb`o
`oto
tol
l ta`o
ta`olo
lol
l mo
moroe
roe 1-?9 jje
jjeb,
b, pa
palg
lglb
lb`o
`oto
tol
l SS,
SS, lo
lomg
mg
`urolb morg ?99, sueu tucue mol mgopedrasgs.
 c. @dltro`sg 3-; jalgt, gltalsgtos `uot, hojolyo 19-29 matg` pajcu`ool sarvg` ?9
kj, palmot
palmotorol
orol ?99%,
?99%, palglb
palglb`ot
`otol
ol palbah
palbahuor
uorol
ol moroe
moroe mol halmgr
halmgr,, kogrol
kogrol
 

ojlgdl, parglauj jaldlndh, `ahuor fasas pomo soot jahoegr`ol mol mgstalsg
`olmulb `ajge.
k. ]olmo
]olmo yolb jalyar
jalyartog
tog `oho GG> @arglbot
@arglbot tarhgeo
tarhgeott tgco-tg
tgco-tgco
co mgotos
mgotos cgcgr,
cgcgr, baro`ol
baro`ol
a`straj
a`strajgtos
gtos,, pajcu`
pajcu`ool
ool sarvg`s
sarvg`s,, egs hacge
hacge `uot
`uot mol sarglb,
sarglb, gcu jaroso`
jaroso`ol
ol
ta`olol pomo ra`tuj, jaroso glbgl COC, `atucol +/-, parglauj jaldlndh, olus

mol vuhvo jajcu`o, bahgsoe, pomo wo`tu egs `apoho nolgl tojpo` mg vuhvo,
jalglb`otlyo palbahuorol moroe mol halmgr, `apoho turul mg mosor polbbuh,
 parosool polos mol tabolb pomo parglauj, trajdr, `ahahoeol, ajdsg hocgh, to`ut,
bahgsoe, `atgmo`parkoyool mol jargltge.
m. Jdlgtdrglb
Jdlgtdrglb tareom
tareomop>
op> Egs (fra`ualsg
(fra`ualsg,, `a`uotol,
`a`uotol, noro`,
noro`, gltalsgt
gltalsgtos),
os), `aomool
`aomool nolgl
(palurulol nolgl jahohug vobglo), `olmulb `ajge palue/tgmo`, lomg mol ta`olol
moroe
a. Muros
Murosgg `o
`oho
ho GG ↓ `a
`ajo
jonu
nuol
ol po
pomo
mo `oho GG> Yrgj
Yrgjgb
gbro
rovg
vgmo
mo ca
carh
rhol
olbs
bsul
ulb
b =1
=1‛
‛ 69
jalgt, juhtgporo carholbsulb ?1 ‛ ;9 jalgt

@oho GGG
o. Moto
Moto ujuj
ujuj Gcu `a
`ahah
hahoe
oeol
ol,, pu
pukot
kot,, sgold
sgoldsg
sgs,
s, ta
ta`o
`olo
lol
l mo
moro
roe
e ha
hacg
cge
e mo
morg
rg ?9
?99/
9/?9
?9
jjeb
jjeb,, `a
`aju
julb
lb`g
`glo
lol
l sdk`
sdk`,, ly
lyarg
arg oc
ocmd
mdja
jal,
l, juha
juhas,
s, pu
pusgl
sglb,
b, traj
trajdr
dr mo
mol
l
`amglbglol, jalbdcsarvosg tolmo-tolmo morg gcu, parucoeol tglb`ot `asomorol
otou parucoeol parlofosol
 c. Moto dcstatrgk Yarucoeol utarus (mgskdgm-bhdcuhor), utarus culmor mol `aros,
`aomool `olmulb `ajge palue otou `dsdlb, parmoroeol parvobglo, ldrjohlyo
319-;99 jh, nolgl hoegr afgsgdtdjg
k. Yalb`o
Yalb`ongol
ngol satahoe
satahoe nolgl hoegr,
hoegr, tglbbg
tglbbg fulmus
fulmus utarg,
utarg, satglbbg
satglbbg pusot,
pusot, pahapo
pahaposol
sol

 phosalto omo muo jokoj, yogtu>

?. [keuhz
[keuhza,
a, Yahaposol
Yahaposol phosal
phosalto
to mgjuhog
mgjuhog morg cobgol
cobgol cowoe phosalt
phosaltoo tgmo`
tgmo` omo
 parmoroeol sacahuj phosalto hoegr, omo parmoroeol satahoe phosalto hoegr.
3. Mulk
Mulkol
ol,, Ya
Yaha
hapo
poso
sol
l phos
phosal
alto
to morg
morg pg
pglb
lbbg
bgrr ph
phos
osal
alto
to co
cobg
bgol
ol ho
hota
taro
rohh om
omoo
 parmoroeol samg`gt-samg`gt
@oho GV
o. ]olm
]olmoo tolm
tolmoo vgto
vgtoh>
h> Vg
Vgtoh
toh sgbl mopot
mopot jajc
jajcar
arg`
g`ol
ol mo
moto
to mo
mosor
sor ultu`
ultu` mg
mgob
obld
ldso
so
 pdtalsgoh, `djphg`osg sapartg parmoroeol mol egpartarjgo. Yomo `oho GV
dc
dcsar
sarvo
vosg
sg vgtoh
vgtoh sgbl
sgbl solbo
solbott pa
palt
ltgl
glb
b ul
ultu
tu`
` jalb
jalbat
atoe
oeug
ug pa
paru
ruco
coeo
eol
l sa
satah
tahoe
oe

jahoegr`ol sapartg> puhsa cgosolyo stocgh sacahuj carsohgl sahojo ? noj partojo
mol jalbohojg parucoeol satahoe tarnomg parsohglol yogtu morg kormgdvos`uhar.
 

 c. Yajarg`sool fulmus mol tglbbglyo, sahojo wo`tu gtu palbdsdlbol `olmulb
`ajge jajparjumoe palb`ongol mol eosghlyo hacge tapot.
k. @olmul
@olmulb
b `ajge>
`ajge> Malbol
Malbol dcsarv
dcsarvosg
osg mol pohposg
pohposg `olmulb
`olmulb `ajge.
`ajge. Ng`o
Ng`o `olmul
`olmulb
b
`ajge jalabolb o`ol jalkopog `atglbbgol supropucg`
s upropucg` mol ramup pomo par`usg.
m. Hdkego>
Hdkego> Nujhoe
Nujhoe mol nalgs
nalgs hdkeao
hdkeao mg`ong
mg`ong jahohug
jahohug dcsarvosg
dcsarvosg parglauj
parglauj gcu mol
mol `ogl

mgcowoe cd`dlb gcu. Nujhoe mol u`urol bujpohol moroe ng`o mghgeot mgkotot
eosgh mol ca`uollyo
a. Yarglauj>
Yarglauj> Yarowot
Yarowot jalolyo`
jalolyo`ol
ol `apomo
`apomo gcu otou
otou jalbolnu
jalbolnur`ol
r`ol ultu`
ultu` jalbgrg
jalbgrglb
lb
mol jahalt
jahaltur`
ur`ol
ol `ajcoh
`ajcohgg dtdt
dtdt dtdt
dtdt polbbu
polbbuhh otos
otos mol malbol
malbol parhoe
parhoeol-h
ol-hoeo
oeol
l
jalbolb`ot cd`dlb ultu` jahgeot parglauj
f. ]ajparotur>
]ajparotur> ]ajparotur
]ajparotur gcu
gcu mgu`u
mgu`urr soot sotu
sotu noj partojo
partojo mol sasuog`ol
sasuog`ol malbol
malbol
`aomool tajparotur ruolbol. ]ajparotur cgosolyo mohoj cotos ldrjoh sahojo
ralt
raltol
olb
b wo`t
wo`tu
u so
sotu
tu noj
noj part
partoj
ojo,
o, `a
`alo
log`
g`ol
ol po
pomo
mo pa
parg
rgdm
dmaa gl
glgg julb
julb`g
`gl
l
 careuculbol malbol maegmrosg
maegmrosg otou `ahahoeol

b. @alyoj
@alyojolo
olol>
l> @alyoj
@alyojoll
ollol
ol gcu mg`ong
mg`ong mol nalgs olohbatg
olohbatg`
` yolb
yolb mgmopo
mgmopot`o
t`ol
l
sahojo parsohglol o`ol carpalborue tareomop parsapsg `atgmo` lyojolollyo

3. Mgobldso
Mgobldso @aparowo
@aparowotol
tol yolb Julb`gl
Julb`gl Julkuh
Julkuh

@oho G (Fosa Hotal mol O`tgf)

?) Olsgatos
Olsgatos careuculbol
careuculbol malbol
malbol `rgsgs sgtuosgdloh
sgtuosgdloh
3) Lyarg jahoegr`ol
jahoegr`ol careuculb
careuculbol
ol malbol mghotosg
mghotosg sarvg`s
@oho GG
?) Lyarg jahoegr
jahoegr`ol
`ol careucu
careuculbol
lbol malbol
malbol palbahuorol
palbahuorol nolgl
@oho GGG
?) Sgsg`d
Sgsg`d Yarmo
Yarmoroe
roeol
ol
3) Lyarg jahoegr`ol careuculbol malbol palbahuorol nolgl
@oho GV
?) Lyarg jahoegr
jahoegr`ol
`ol careucu
careuculbol
lbol malbol
malbol palbahuorol
palbahuorol nolgl
3) Sg
Sgsg
sg`d
`d Yarm
Yarmor
oroe
oeol
ol

;. Salkolo Osueol @aparowotol

Ld Mgobldso Salkolo @aparowotol

 

([M@G) ]unuol Gltarvalsg

([H@G) ([G@G)

Olsg
Olsgat
atos
os care
careuc
ucul
ulbol [ata
bol [ataho
hoe
e mgho
mgho`u
`u`o
`ol
l tglm
tglmo`
o`ol
ol Samu`sg Olsgatos (G.97;?=)
malbol `rgsgs sgtuosgdloh `aparow
`aparowoto
otol
l sahojo
sahojo ....
.... U ....
....
Dcsarvosg >
Banoho Mol ]olmo Joydr  noj mgeorop`ol ]glb`ot
Olsgatos
Olsga (H.9797;))  jalurul
tos (H.9797;  Gm
Gmaaltgfg`os
osgg soo
oott tglb`ot
[ucna`tgf > malbol `rgtargo eosgh > olsgatos carucoe (jgs.
@dlmgsg, wo`tu, strassdr)
  Jaroso cglbulb   Varc
Varcoh
ohgs
gsosg
osg `a
`acg
cglb
lbul
ulbo
bol
l
 Gm
Gmaaltgfg`os
osgg `ajo
ajojpuol
  Jaro
Jaroso
so `eowo
eowotg
tgr 
r  jalurul(1)
jalbojcgh `aputusol
malbol
malbol o`gcot
o`gcot morg
morg   Varcohgsosg `eowotgr o`gcot
 Jdlgtd
Jdlgtdrr tolmo-
tolmo-tol
tolmo
mo olsgat
olsgatos
os
`dlmgsg yolb `dlmgsg yol
olb
b mgeomopg
(varcoh mol ldlvarcoh)
mgeomopg jalurul(1)
]aropautg` >
  [uhgt car`dlsaltrosg  Yargho`u bahgsoe
Dcna`tgf > jalurul(1)  Kgpto`
Kgpto`ol
ol suosol
suosoloo taropau
taropautg` 
tg` 

 Yargho`u tabolb ujtu` jalujcue`ol

  ]ojpo` bahgsoe
jalurul(1) `aparkoyool
  ]ojpo` tabolb
 @ahueol pusglb  ]ajolg posgal ultu`  
 [uhgt tgmur 
jalurul(1) jalbur
jalburolb
olbgg `akajo
`akajosol,
sol, ng`o
ng`o
Banoho Mol ]olmo Jgldr
Oldra`sgo jalurul(1) jajulb`gl`ol

[ucna`tgf >  Yoeojgg sgtuosg yolb jajcuot
Yoeoj jajcuot
 Yohpgtosg jalurul(1)
olsgatos
 Jalbahue pusglb  Mgopedrasgs jalurul (1)
 Malb
Malbor
or`
`ol mal
alb
bol pal
alu
ue
 
Oldra`sgo ]rajdr jalurul(1)  pareotgol
 Yohpgtosg  Yukot jalurul(1)
 Bulo
Bulo`o
`ol
l pa
palm
lma`
a`ot
otol
ol yo
yolb
lb
 Jaroso tgmo`    @dlsaltrosg jajcog` (1)
talolb mol jayo`gl`ol
 carmoyo  Ydho tgmur jajcog`(1)
 ]ajp
]ajpot
ot`o
`ol
l co
coro
rolb
lb pr
prgc
gcom
omgg
Dcna`tgf >  Fra`ualsg parlofosol (1)
yolb jajcarg`ol
 Fra`ualsg lopos  Fra`ualsg lomg jalurul (1)
`alyojolol
jalglb`ot  ]a`olol moroe jalurul (1)
 Jdtg
Jdtgvo
vosg
sg jalb
jalbgm
gmal
altg
tgfg`
fg`osg
osg
 Fra`ualsg lomg  @dlto` joto jajcog` (1)
sgtuosg yolb jajgku
jalglb`ot  Ydho car`ajge jajcog`(1) `akajosol
 ]a`olol moroe  Drgaltosg jajcog`(1)  Mgs`u
s`usg`ol par
araalkoloo
ool
l
 

jalglb`ot ra
raoh
ohgs
gstg
tgss ta
talt
ltol
olb
b pa
parg
rgst
stgw
gwoo
 Mgopedrasgs yolb o`ol motolb

 ]rajdr  Amu`osg >

 Ju`o tojpo` pukot  Nahos`ol prdsamur,

 [uoro carbator ta
tarj
rjos
osu
u` sa
sals
lsos
osgg yo
yol
lb
 @dlto` joto curu` julb`gl mgohojg
 [arglb car`ajge  Glfdrjosg`ol sakoro
 Card
Cardrga
rgalt
ltosg
osg po
pomo
mo fo`tuoh jalbalog
joso hohu mg
mgob
obld
ldsg
sgs,
s, pa
palb
lbdc
dcot
otol
ol,,
mol prdbldsgs
 Olnur`
Olnur`ol
ol `ahuor
`ahuorbo
bo ultu` 
ultu` 
tatop carsojo posgal, ng`o
 parhu
 Olnur`ol jaho`u`ol
`abgotol yolb tgmo`  
`djpatgtgf, sasuog
`acutueol
 Olnur`ol jalbulb`op`ol
 parosool mol parsapsg
 Hotge `abgotol palbohgeol
ultu` jalburolbg
`atabolbol

Hotge palbbulool
ja`o
ja `olg
lgsj
sjaa pa
part
rtoe
oeol
olol
ol
mgrg yolb tapot
 Hotge ta`lg` raho`sosg
@dhocdrosg >

 @dh
dhoc
ocd
dro
rosg
sg pajc
ajcar
argo
gol
l
dc
dcot
ot ol
oltg
tgol
olsg
sgat
atos
os,, ng`o
ng`o
 parhu
 @dhocdrosg malbol
`djpha
`djphajal
jaltar
tar balgto
balgtohgol
hgol
 

mg`ong
mg`ong palbah
palbahuor
uorol
ol halmgr 
halmgr 
 carkojpur moroe, cgho
kogrol `ajulb`glol
`atucol
Lyarg Jahoegr`ol [atahoe mgcarg
rg`
`ol osue
sueol Jolonaja
Jolonajall Lyarg (G.953;5)

(M.9927) `aparowotol sahojo …. x …. Dcsarvosg

mgeorop
mgeorop`ol
`ol lyarg
lyarg jahoeg
jahoegr`o
r`ol
l Gmaltgfg`osg hd`osg,
Yalyacoc  posgal car`urolb malbol `oro`targstg
stg`, muros
osgg,
 Mghotosg sarvg`s `rgtargo eosgh > fra`ualsg, `uohgtos,

 Yalbahuorol nolgl ]glb`ot lyarg (H. 95966)> gltalsgtos lyarg

Banoho mol tolmo Joydr  @ajojpuol   Gmaltgfg`osg s`oho lyarg

[ucna`tgf jalult
jalultos`
os`ol
ol o`tgvg
o`tgvgtos
tos   Gmal
Gmaltg
tgfg
fg`o
`osg
sg fo`td
fo`tdrr yo
yolb
lb
Jalbahue lyarg (1) jajparcarot mol

  Yarglauj taroso  @ahueol lyarg (1) jajparglbol lyarg

tarta`ol  Jarglbgs (1)   Gmaltgfg`

Gmaltgfg`osg
osg palbat
palbatoeu
oeuol
ol
Dcna`tgf  [g`op prdta`tgf (1) mo
mol
l `a `ayo
yo`g
`glo
lol
l ta
talt
ltol
olb
b

A`sprasg wonoe  Bahgsoe (1) lyarg

jarglbgs  @asuhgtol tgmur (1)   Gm

Gmal
altg
tgfg
fg`
`os
osgg pal
alb
bor
oru
ue

  Carpdsgsg  Jalorg` mgrg (1)  cumoyo tareomop raspdl

jarglbol`ol lyarg  Carfd`us pomo mgrg lyarg

  Qtarus taroco salmgrg (1)   Gm

Gmal
altg
tgfg
fg`
`os
osgg pal
alb
bor
oru
ue

jajcuhot  Mgopedrasgs (1) ly

lyar
argg ta
tare
reom
omop
op `u
`uoh
ohgt
gtos
os

Banoho mol ]olmo Jgldr egmup

 Yarosool maprasg
[ucna`tgf  (tarta`ol) (1)   Jdlgtdr `acareosgh
sghol
  Juoh taropg `djphajalt
`djphajaltar
ar yolb
 Yarosool to`ut
   Lofsu jo`ol sumoe mgcarg`ol
jalbohojg kamaro
jalurul/   Jdl
Jdlgtdr
gtdr af
afa`
a` so
soj
jpg
pgl
lb
 caruholb (1)
jalglb`ot  palbbulool olohbatg` 
 Oldra`sgo (1)
Dcna`tgf  ]aropautg`
 Yarglauj taroso
  ]a`olol moroe Carg`ol taelg`  
tarta`ol (1)
jalglb`ot ld
ldlf
lfor
orjo
jo`d
`dhd
hdbg
bgss ul
ultu
tu` 
` 
 Qtarus taroco
  Fra`ualsg lomg jal
jalbu
buro
rol
lbg ro
roso
so ly
lyar
argg
jajcuhot (1)
jalglb`ot (jgs
(jgs.. ]AL[
]AL[,, ey
eypl
plds
dsgs
gs,,
 @atabolbol dtdt (1)
 

  @ata
@atabo
bol
lbol
bol dtd
dtdt  Yupgh mghotosg (1) okuprassura, taropg jusgk,
jalglb`ot  Jultoe (1) cgdfaamcok` , ta
taro
ropg
pg pg
pgno
not,
t,

  Ydho tgmur carucoe  Juoh (1) ordjotaropg, ta`lg`  

  Fulb
Fulbsg
sg car
ar`
`aj
ajge
ge  Fra`ualsg lomg (1) gjon
gjongl
glos
osgg ta
tarc
rcgj
gjc
cgl
glb
b,

 carucoe `d
`djp
jpras
ras eo
eolb
lbot/
ot/mg
mglb
lbgl
gl,,
 Ydho lopos (1)
  Mgopedrasgs  ]a`olol moroe (1) taropg carjogl)

  Bolbbuol pargho`u   @dltrdh

@dltrdh hglb`ulbol
hglb`ulbol yolb
 Yrdsas carpg`gr (1)
jajp
jajpar
arca
caro
rott roso
roso ly
lyarg
arg
  Yargho`u a`sprasgf   Fd`us (1)
(jgs. [ueu rulbol,
  Yupgh mghotosg  Fulbsg car`ajge (1)
 palkoeyool, `acgsglbol)
  Jultoe  Yargho`u (1)
  Fo
Fosg
sghg
hgto
tosg
sg gstg
gstgro
roeo
eott mo
mol
l
  Fd`us pomo mgrg   Lofsu jo`ol (1)
tgmur 
salmgrg  Ydho tgmur (1)
  Yartgj
Yartgjcol
colb`o
b`ol
l nalgs
nalgs mol
sujcar lyarg mohoj
 pajghgeol strotabg
jaramo`ol lyarg
Amu`osg
Nahos`ol palyacoc,
 pargdma mol pajgku lyarg
  Nahos`ol strotabg
jaramo`ol lyarg
  Olnur`ol jajdlgtdr lyarg
sakoro jolmgrg
  Olnu
Olnur`
r`ol
ol jalb
jalbbu
bulo
lo`o
`ol
l
olohbatg` sakoro tapot
  Onor`ol ta`lg`  
ld
ldlf
lfor
orjo
jo`d
`dhd
hdbg
bgss ul
ultu
tu` 
` 
jalburolbg roso lyarg
@dhocdrosg
@dh
dhoc
ocd
dro
rosg
sg pajc
ajcar
argo
gol
l
olohbatg`, ng`o parhu
Sgsg`d Yarmoroeol [ata
[ataho
hoe
e mgho`
gho`u
u`ol
`ol os
osu
ueo
eol
l Yalkaboeol palmoroeol

`apa
`aparo
rowo
woto
tol
l sa
saho
hojo
jo …… x Dcsarvosg 
Fo`tdrSgsg`d >
 

 Olaurgsjo …….… jo`o mgeorop`ol  Jdl

dlgt
gtdr
dr to
tol
lmo mo
mol
l ba
bano
noho
ho

 Bolbbuol rgsg`d
rgsg`d palmoro
palmoroeol
eol jalurul
jalurul  palmoroeol

bo
bostr
strdg
dglt
ltast
astgl
gloh
oh (jgs.. malbol `rgtargo eosgh >
(jgs  Jdlg
Jdlgtd
tdrr lg
lgho
hogg ea
eajo
jotd
tdkr
krgt
gt//
Qh`uss hojculb,
Qh`u pdhgp, ]glb`ot Yalmoeoroeol >
hojculb, pdhgp, eajd
ajdbh
bhd
dcg
cgl
l sa
saca
cahu
huj
j mol
vorgsas)  @aha
@ahajc
jcoc
ocol
ol jajc
jajcro
rola
la satahoe `aegholbol moroe

 Bolbbu
Bolbbuol
ol fulbsg
fulbsg eotg
eotg ju`dso jalglb`ot (1)  Jdlg
Jdlgtd
tdrr to
tolm
lmo-
o-to
tolm
lmoo vg
vgto
tohh
(jgs. [grdsgs eapotgtgs)  @ahajcocol `uhgt drtdstotg` 

 @djphg`osg
@djphg`osg `aeojghol
`aeojghol jalglb`ot (1)  Jdlgtdr `dobuhosg(
sg( jgs.
(jgs
(jgs.. @atu
@atuco
col
l pako
pakoe
e  @dlblgtgf jalglb`ot (1) Yrdterdjcgl tgja (Y]), portgoh
sacahuj wo`
o`ttulyo,  Eajdptysgs jalurul (1) terdjc
terdjcdph
dphostg
ostgl
l tgja
tgja (Y]]),
(Y]]),
 phosalto  Eajotajasgs jalurul (1) fgcrgl
fgcrgldba
dbal,
l, mabrom
mabromosg
osg fgcrgl
fgcrgl
 pravgo/ocrupsgd,  Eajoturgo jalurul (1) mol/otou photahat)
`aeojghol `ajcor) ]aropautg` 
 Yamoroe
Yamoroeol
ol olus
olus jaluru
jalurul
l
 @djphg`osg posko  Yartoeol`ol cam mrast sahojo
(1)
 portuj (jgs. Otdlg  palmoroeol
 Mgstalsg ocmdjal jalurul
utarus, ratalsg phosalto)  Cotosg tglmo`ol glvosgva, ng`o
(1)
 Bolb
Bolbbu
buol
ol `dob
`dobuh
uhos
osgg  parhu
 Yamoroeol vobglo jalurul
(jgs. ]rdjcdsgtdpalgo)  Bul
ulo`
o`ol
ol `osu
`osurr pa
palk
lkab
aboe
oe
(1)
 Afa` obal forjo`dhdbgs mg`ucgtus
 Yalmor
Yalmoroeo
oeol
l posko
posko dparosg
dparosg
 ]glmo`ol pajcamoeol jalurul (1)  Eglmorg palbu`urol sueu ratoh

 ]roujo  Amu`osg 
 Eajdbhdcgl jajcog` (1)
 @urolb tarpopor    Na
Naho
hos`
s`ol
ol to
tolm
lmoo mol ban
anoh
ohoo
 Eajotd`rgt jajcog` (1)
glfdrjosg taltolb  parmoroeol
 ]a`olo
]a`olol
l mo
moro
roe
e jajc
jajcog
og` 
` 
 palkaboeol parmoroeol  Olnu
Olnur`
r`ol
ol pa
palb
lbul
uloo
ool
l `o
`ods
ds
(1)
 Yrdsas `abolosol `o`g soot ojcuhosg
 Malyut lomg opgkoh
 Olnur`ol palglb`otol osupol
jajcog` (1)
@dlmgsg @hglgs ]ar`ogt > ko
kogr
grol
ol ul
ultu
tu`
` jalb
jalbeg
eglm
lmor
orgg
 [ueu tucue jajcog` (1)
 Olaurgsjo `dlstgposg
 @dobuhdpotg  Olnur`ol jalbeglmorg ospgrgl
gltrovos`uhar  otou oltg `dobuhol
mgsajgloto  Olnur`ol jalglb`ot`ol
 [grdsgs eapotgs osupol jo`ol mol vgtojgl @ 
 Qh`us hojculb  Olnur`ol sabaro jahopdr ng`o
 

 Vorgsas tarnomg palmoroeol

 ]rdjcdsgtdpalgo  @dhocdrosg 

 @atucol pakoe  @dho

@dhocd
cdro
rosg
sg pa
pajc
jcarg
argol
ol dc
dcot
ot

sacahuj wo`tulyo  palbdltrdh pamoroeol ,  ng`o

 Yhosalto  parhu

 pravg/ocrupsgd  @dhocdrosg
@dhocdrosg pajcargol
pajcargol prdmu` 
prdmu` 

 Otdlgo utarus moroe, ng`o

moroe, ng`o parhu

 Satalsg phosalto  @dhocdrosg pajcargol

]glmo`ol  pahulo` tglno, ng`o

tglno, ng`o parhu


 pajcamoeol
 @ol`ar 

 ]roujo
 

MOF]OS YQ[]O@O

Eofgfoe. 39??.  Hopdrol Yalmoeuhuol Yomo Yosgal Malbol Yarsohglol Ldrjoh .

ettp>///M>/JO]ASLG]W%39LQS[GLB/Hp%39YAS[OHGLOL/hopdrol-palmoeu
huol-poo-posgal-malbol.etjh

Joluoco, GCB, m``. 39?9. Ghju

39?9. Ghju @acgmolol Yalyo`gt @olmulbol
@olmulbol Mol @C.
@C. No`orto> ABK.

 Lubrded, ]. 39??.  Cu`u Onor Dcstatrg ultu` Joeosgswo @acgmolol.

@acgmolol. Wdbyo`orto> Lueo
Jamg`o.

 Lureoyotg. 3997.  Osueol @abowotmorurotol Mol Yalyuhgt Yomo Ladlotus. No`o

No`orto
rto>> KV.
]rols Glfd Jamgo.

YYLG. 39?6. [tolmor Mgobldsgs @aparowotol Glmlasgo> Mafglgsg Mol Glmg`otdr Mgobldstg`.
No`orto> MYY YYLG

YYLG.39?5. [tol
[tolmo
morr Huor
Huorol
ol @apa
@aparo
rowo
woto
tol
l Gl
Glmd
mdla
lasg
sgo>
o> Mafg
Mafgkg
kgtt Mol
Mol Krgt
Krgtar
argo
go Eosg
Eosgh 
h 
 @aparowotol. No`orto> MYY YYLG

YYLG. 39?5. [tol

[tolmo
morr Gl
Glta
tarva
rvals
lsgg @apa
@aparo
rowo
woto
tol
l Glmd
Glmdla
lasg
sgo>
o> Mafg
Mafglg
lgsg
sg Mol
Mol ]glm
]glmo`
o`ol
ol
 @aprowotol. No`orto> MYY YYLG
 

Malposor, [aptajcar 3939

Jalbatoeug

Khglgkoh ]aokear / K] Joeosgswo

( ) ( )

 LGY> LGJ>