Anti-Diarrhea

Diarrhea occurs when you have three or more loose stooles in a day and have frequent and
watery bowel motions. Many factors can contribute to it, including: viruses, bacteria and
parasites, antibiotics, lactose intolerance, fructose or artificial sweeteners.Celiac disease and
irritable bowel syndrome are examples of digestive illnesses.

What types of medicines treat diarrhea?

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are available without a prescription from your doctor. If
you have diarrhea, certain over-the-counter drugs might help you feel better. Antidiarrheal
medications are what they're called. Loperamide and Bismuth subsalicylate. There are also
other anti-diarrheal drugs like Diphenoxylate, Cholestyramine, Codeine, Pepto-Bismol

How do antidiarrheal medicines work?

Loperamide reduces the rate at which items pass through your intestines (bowels). This permits
more liquids to be absorbed into your body. This results in less diarrhea and more formed stools.
Loperamide is synthetic opioid that primarily affects opiate receptors in the intestine and is used
to treat diarrhea. Loperamide has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or
to clinically apparent liver injury.
LiverTox
Loperamide is a synthetic agent chemically related to the opiates with anti-diarrheal properties.
Loperamide decreases gastro-intestinal motility by effects on the circular and longitudinal
muscles of the intestine. Part of its anti-diarrheal effect may be due to a reduction of gastro-
intestinal secretion produced by opioid receptor binding in the intestinal mucosa. (NCI04)
NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
Loperamide is a synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from
gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. It has a role as a mu-opioid receptor agonist, an
antidiarrhoeal drug and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a member of piperidines, a monocarboxylic
acid amide, a member of monochlorobenzenes and a tertiary alcohol. It is a conjugate base of a
loperamide(1+).
ChEBI

Bismuth subsalicylate regulates the flow of fluid through your intestines. It lowers inflammation.
It inhibits the growth of bacteria and viruses that cause diarrhea in the stomach and intestines.
Diphenoxylate is related to loperamide. It reduces the frequency of diarrhea by slowing intestinal
activity. Diphenoxylate is an oral drug that can be taken up to four times per day.
Cholestyramine prevents diarrhea in Crohn's disease patients by balancing the body's bile acid
levels. It's usually given if you've had a portion of your small bowel removed during a surgical
operation called ileal resection.
Codeine is frequently used to treat pain. When taken as a codeine sulfate tablet, the medication
can help avoid diarrhea. Because codeine sulfate can be addictive, it is often given for short-term
usage in more severe instances of diarrhea.
Pepto-Bismol is an antacid and anti-inflammatory medicine that has been available over the
counter for decades. It includes bismuth subsalicylate, an active component that covers inflamed
tissues in the stomach and intestine. This aids in the reduction of inflammation and discomfort.

IMODIUM® (loperamide hydrochloride) is indicated for the control and symptomatic relief of

acute nonspecific diarrhea and of chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease

.
Bismuth subsalicylate is available under the following different brand names: Kaopectate,
Pepto Bismol, Maalox Total Relief, Kaopectate Extra Strength, and Pepto-Bismol
Maximum Strength.
https://familydoctor.org/antidiarrheal-medicines-otc-relief-for-diarrhea/
https://www.healthline.com/health/crohns-disease/anti-diarrheal-drugs#codeine-sulfate