SAT Test 2

SAT
Practice Test 2
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Reading Test
65 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
DIRECTIONS
Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
graph).
Questions 1-10 are based on the following passage. an hour or more, I remained too stunned to think; and
it was not until I began to think, that I began fully to
This passage is from Charles Dickens, Great Expectations,
know how wrecked I was, and how the ship in which I
originally published in 1861. The main character has just
had sailed was gone to pieces.
received word from an unexpected guest that his fortunes
30 Miss Havisham’s intentions towards me, all a mere
haven’t come from the person he thought was responsible for
dream; Estella not designed for me; I only suffered in
them.
Satis House as a convenience, a sting for the greedy
Nothing was needed but this; the wretched man, relations, a model with a mechanical heart to practise
after loading wretched me with his gold and silver on when no other practice was at hand; those were the
chains for years, had risked his life to come to me, 35 first smarts I had. But, sharpest and deepest pain of
Line and I held it there in my keeping! If I had loved him all—it was for the convict, guilty of I knew not what
5 instead of abhorring him; if I had been attracted to crimes, and liable to be taken out of those rooms where
him by the strongest admiration and affection, instead I sat thinking, and hanged at the Old Bailey door, that I
of shrinking from him with the strongest repugnance; had deserted Joe.
it could have been no worse. On the contrary, it would 40 I would not have gone back to Joe now, I would not
have been better, for his preservation would then have have gone back to Biddy now, for any consideration:
10 naturally and tenderly addressed my heart. simply, I suppose, because my sense of my own
My first care was to close the shutters, so that no worthless conduct to them was greater than every
light might be seen from without, and then to close consideration. No wisdom on earth could have given
and make fast the doors. While I did so, he stood at the 45 me the comfort that I should have derived from their
table drinking rum and eating biscuit; and when I saw simplicity and fidelity; but I could never, never, undo
15 him thus engaged, I saw my convict on the marshes what I had done.
at his meal again. It almost seemed to me as if he In every rage of wind and rush of rain, I heard
must stoop down presently, to file at his leg… I asked pursuers. Twice, I could have sworn there was a
him if he would go to bed? He said yes, but asked me 50 knocking and whispering at the outer door. With
for some of my “gentleman’s linen” to put on in the these fears upon me, I began either to imagine or
20 morning. I brought it out, and laid it ready for him, recall that I had had mysterious warnings of this man’s
and my blood again ran cold when he again took me approach. That, for weeks gone by, I had passed faces
by both hands to give me good night. in the streets which I had thought like his. That, these
I got away from him, without knowing how I did it, 55 likenesses had grown more numerous, as he, coming
and mended the fire in the room where we had been over the sea, had drawn nearer. That, his wicked spirit
25 together, and sat down by it, afraid to go to bed. For had somehow sent these messengers to mine, and that
CONTINUE
2
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now on this stormy night he was as good as his word, 3
and with me. The main purpose of the opening paragraph of the
60 Crowding up with these reflections came the passage is to
reflection that I had seen him with my childish eyes
A) describe the past interactions between the narrator
to be a desperately violent man; that I had heard that
and his guest.
other convict reiterate that he had tried to murder
him; that I had seen him down in the ditch tearing and B) foreshadow the narrator’s actions later that evening.
65 fighting like a wild beast. Out of such remembrances I C) establish the narrator’s feelings towards a person
brought into the light of the fire, a half-formed terror from his past.
that it might not be safe to be shut up there with him
D) justify the narrator’s fear at the appearance of his
in the dead of the wild solitary night. This dilated until guest.
it filled the room, and impelled me to take a candle and
70 go in and look at my dreadful burden.
4
At the end of the third paragraph, the comparison of
1 the author’s life to a ship mainly has the effect of
Which choice best summarizes the passage? A) emphasizing the consequences of a series of
actions.
A) A character becomes increasingly fearful about his
roommate’s behavior. B) highlighting the differences between two
characters.
B) A young man experiences anxiety and guilt after an
unexpected reunion. C) revealing the depth of the narrator’s emotions.
C) A convict tries to protect another character from D) predicting a possible course of action.
going to jail.
D) A confidant is angry when another character
expects to stay with him unannounced. 5
The references to “smarts” and “pain” in the fourth
paragraph (lines 30-39) mainly have which effect?
2 A) They provide a reason for the narrator’s physical
During the course of the passage, the narrator’s discomfort.
emotions shift from B) They convey the extent of the narrator’s shame.
A) love to surprise to disappointment. C) They exemplify a key difference between the
B) anger to sadness to exhaustion. narrator and his visitor.
C) worry to relief to depression. D) They clarify the narrator’s position.
D) disgust to despair to fear.
6
The passage indicates that Miss Havisham’s actions
were motivated by her
A) dislike of her relatives.
B) determination to see Estella marry the narrator.
C) affection for the narrator’s impetuous nature.
D) infatuation with the narrator’s innocence.
CONTINUE
3
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7 9
The passage indicates that if the narrator returned to The passage indicates that upon remembering a
Joe and Biddy, he would most likely find previous experience with his visitor, the narrator found
A) stinging scorn. himself filled with
B) pure wisdom. A) joy.
C) uncomplicated faithfulness. B) sorrow.
D) fierce condemnation. C) fear.
D) guilt.
8
Which choice provides the best evidence for the 10
answer to the previous question? Which choice provides the best evidence for the
A) Lines 30-31 (“Miss Havisham . . . me”) answer to the previous question?
B) Lines 35-39 (“But, sharpest . . . Joe”) A) Lines 8-10 (“On the . . . heart”)
C) Lines 44-46 (“No wisdom . . . fidelity”) B) Lines 20-22 (“I brought . . . night”)
D) Lines 50-53 (“With these . . . approach”) C) Lines 49-50 (“Twice, I . . . door”)
D) Lines 65-68 (“Out of . . . night”)
CONTINUE
4
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Questions 11-21 are based on the following passage Tibor Scitovsky, in his attempt to bring joy back
and supplementary material. into economics, was the first to draw economists’
attention to the relevance of this type of activity for
This passage is adapted from Marina Bianchi, “The Magic of
economics and to discover how they might contribute
Storytelling: How Curiosity and Aesthetic Preferences Work.”
45 to both individual and social wellbeing. Movements
© 2014 by Economics.
in the economy too, and importantly the recent
In 1944 Edmund Wilson published an article financial and economic crisis, are also partly due to
in The New Yorker entitled “Why do people read the changing of shared stories about the nature of the
detective stories?” In answering his own question economy. As this might suggest, the power of stories
Line Wilson charged the mystery genre with being dull, 50 is not always benign. In periods of economic unrest
5 badly written, and utterly formulaic, a “department of and change this power can be particularly dangerous.
imaginative writing” that was “completely dead.” To his According to some, in the last financial crises, it was
great surprise, readers rebelled. the diffusion of positive cover stories that contributed
A pioneering figure in studies of aesthetic strongly to reduce the sense of reality of agents,
preferences in the 1960s and 1970s was the psycho- 55 nourishing their wishful thinking.
10 physicist Daniel Berlyne. Berlyne introduced a specific In economic theory, the interest in emotions
group of variables that he posited were responsible and the role they play in shaping behavior and in
for our emotional responses to art. However, the most their interaction with other motivations is gaining
important set in Berlyne’s eyes was the third, the one increasing influence thanks to the contributions of
comprising what he called the “collative variables,” 60 behavioral economics. Emotions such as shame,
15 those related to the complexity, novelty, uncertainty, guilt, regret and envy, affect rational choices as well
surprise, ambiguity, and conflict inhering in an event. as the parameters of rewards. They do this sometimes
If the work is perceived as too challenging or new in a beneficial way, sometimes in ways that may be
and complex, any device that increases the familiarity contrary to people’s interest.
and the ability to appropriate it also increases pleasure. 65 The growth and pervasiveness of today’s social
20 On the contrary, if the artwork is perceived as so media provide ever more novel means for telling
familiar as to be redundant, an increase in pleasure stories. Stories can now use words, sounds, and above
can be obtained through an increase of complexity, all, images and videos that change and multiply the
surprise, novelty, or ambiguity. forms in which they are embodied, thus formed,
There are however objective limits to the 70 and received. They operate within an increasingly
25 manipulation of these variables because, once they interactive dimension—blogs, social networks,
have been used to saturation point there is no next webpages, visual narratives, collaborative stories—and
move. Suppose, for example, that in order to capture this sharedness enables new genres and subgenres to
attention, a writer adds to the perceptual strength of proliferate. Stories not only remain the most pervasive
a text by writing in CAPITAL LETTERS. This might 75 genre people use in communicating, whether online
30 work for a few phrases, but quickly exhausts its appeal. (thus publicly) or in semi-public domains, but they
To press the point, what we find in mysteries is are also interactive. What are the implications that this
that all the markers of storytelling are laid bare. The world of stories has for economics?
plots and subplots are dominant with all the universal This new approach to preferences has analytical
ingredients that attract: love, death, fear, revenge, the 80 implications that go beyond the still important
35 fight between the good and the bad, often (though problem of individual consumer choice and behaviour.
not necessarily) with the final triumph of the good. In particular, this approach brings into focus the social
Yet with their free play with suspense, anticipation dimension of consumption, where the love of novelty
and surprise, they represent a sort of template for all is expressed in cycles of fashion, in the way work can
forms of storytelling and their power to entrance and 85 be organized in order to be more engaging, in the
40 captivate. distribution of work and leisure over a lifetime, and,
not least, in the production and consumption of the
arts.
CONTINUE
5
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13
Time Spent Viewing Random Polygons by Self-Described
Ability to Understand Complex Art Which of the following best illustrates the reason
Wilson’s readers rebelled?
8000
High Ability
A) Lines 3-6 (“In answering . . . dead”)
7000 B) Lines 8-12 (“A pioneering . . . art”)
C) Lines 24-27 (“There are . . . move”)
Viewing Time (milliseconds)
6000 D) Lines 32-36 (“The plots . . . good”)
5000
14
4000
The main purpose of the fourth paragraph (lines 24-
Low Ability 30) is to
3000
A) make a public appeal against writing in all capital
letters.
2000
B) demonstrate that the collative variables fail to
describe people’s responses.
1000
Complexity of Random Polygons
C) illustrate that increased complexity adds to the
appeal of a work.
The figure displays the results of a study in which participants described D) concede that overuse of emphasis leads to
their ability to understand complex art as high or low and were allowed to diminishing value.
view random shapes for as long as they wanted.
Adapted from Paul J. Silvia, “Emotional Response to Art”, published in the

Review of General Psychology, 2005. 15
As used in line 31, “press” most nearly means
A) crowd.
11 B) emphasize.
The main purpose of the passage is to C) push.
A) relate aspects of interest and enjoyment to D) lift.
economics.
B) describe the fundamental qualities of common
mystery stories. 16
C) detail the economic impact of publishing emotional As supported by the passage, the author acknowledges
stories. which of the following implications of the idea that the
D) suggest that excessive use of emphasis ruins a story. economy may respond to changes in public narratives?
A) Stories may support perceptions of an event that
have negative consequences.
12 B) Scitovsky showed how reading stories leads to a
As used in line 4, “charged” most nearly means sense of wellbeing.
A) grudgingly hinted. C) News media play a dominant role in the narrative,

whether that role is positive or negative.
B) ran toward.
D) Behavioral economics demonstrates that rational
C) directly accused. choices do not always match reward parameters.
D) plugged in.
CONTINUE
6
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17 20
Which choice provides the best evidence for the Data in the graph indicate that the greatest difference
answer to the previous question? between the time indicated on the low ability and
A) Lines 37-40 (“Yet with . . . captivate”) high ability graphs occurred at approximately which
respective points?
B) Lines 49-50 (“As this . . . benign”)
A) 1500 and 1800 ms
C) Lines 60-62 (“Emotions such . . . rewards”)
B) 3500 and 5500 ms
D) Lines 79-81 (“This new . . . behaviour”)
C) 3800 and 5800 ms
D) 3900 and 7700 ms
18
The main idea of the final paragraph is that
21
A) art should be designed and produced to match
consumer preferences. Data in the graph most strongly support which of the
following ideas in the passage?
B) new data suggests that individual consumers have
little relevance for economics. A) People are drawn to the most common human
themes.
C) books and fashion are more economically
important than previously understood. B) Overuse of complexity is worse than no complexity.
D) new perspectives on social interaction may shed C) Social media is increasingly prevalent.
light on consumer patterns. D) People like what they find interesting.
19
Data in the graph about time spent viewing random
polygons most strongly support which of the following
statements?
A) The time spent by ability was equal at low
complexity.
B) Those described as high ability spent consistently
more time per shape.
C) The time spent on each shape did not change.
D) The time spent per shape consistently increased
with complexity.
CONTINUE
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Questions 22-32 are based on the following passages. students and learners of all kinds have access to digital
credentials that are also built for the modern world.
Passage 1 is adapted from Kevin Carey, “Here’s What Will Truly
Then they’ll be able to acquire skills and get jobs for a
Change Higher Education: Online Degrees That Are Seen as
fraction of what colleges cost today.
Official.” © 2015 by The New York Times. Passage 2 is adapted
from Nicholas Carr, “The Crisis in Higher Education.” © 2012 by
Passage 2
MIT Technology Review.
45 It’s hard not to get caught up in the enthusiasm of
Passage 1 the MOOC architects. Even though their work centers
Three years ago, technology was going to transform on computers, their goals are deeply humanistic.
higher education. What happened? They’re looking to use machine learning to foster
Over the course of a few months in early 2012, student learning, to deploy artificial intelligence
Line leading scientists from Harvard, Stanford, and M.I.T. 50 in the service of human intelligence. But the
5 started three companies to provide Massive Open enthusiasm should be tempered by skepticism. The
Online Courses, or MOOCs, to anyone in the world benefits of machine learning in education remain
with an Internet connection. The courses were free. largely theoretical. And even if artificial intelligence
Millions of students signed up. Pundits called it techniques generate genuine advances in pedagogy,
a revolution. 55 those breakthroughs may have limited application.
10 But today, enrollment in traditional colleges It’s one thing for programmers to automate courses of
remains robust, and undergraduates are paying higher instruction when a body of knowledge can be defined
tuition and taking out larger loans than ever before. explicitly and a student’s progress measured precisely.
Universities do not seem poised to join travel agents It’s a very different thing to try to replicate on a
and video stores on the ash heap of history—at least, 60 computer screen the intricate and sometimes ineffable
15 not yet. experiences of teaching and learning that take place on
The failure of MOOCs to disrupt higher education a college campus.
has nothing to do with the quality of the courses The promoters of MOOCs have a “fairly naïve
themselves, many of which are quite good and getting perception of what the analysis of large data sets
better. Colleges are holding technology at bay because 65 allows,” says Timothy Burke, a history professor
20 the only thing MOOCs provide is access to world-class at Swarthmore College. He contends that distance
professors at an unbeatable price. What they don’t education has historically fallen short of expectations
offer are official college degrees, the kind that can get not for technical reasons but, rather, because of “deep
you a job. And that, it turns out, is mostly what college philosophical problems” with the model. He grants
students are paying for. 70 that online education may provide efficient training in
25 Free online courses won’t revolutionize education computer programming and other fields characterized
until there is a parallel system of free or low-fee by well-established procedures that can be codified in
credentials, not controlled by traditional colleges, software. But he argues that the essence of a college
that leads to jobs. Now technological innovators are education lies in the subtle interplay between students
working on that, too. 75 and teachers that cannot be simulated by machines, no
30 Inevitably, there will be a lag between the creation matter how sophisticated the programming.
of such new credentials and their widespread Alan Jacobs, a professor of English at Wheaton
acceptance by employers and government regulators. College in Illinois, raises similar concerns. In an e-mail
Human Resources departments know what a bachelor’s to me, he observed that the work of college students
degree is. “Verified certificates” are something new. 80 “can be affected in dramatic ways by their reflection
35 But employers have a powerful incentive to move in on the rhetorical situations they encounter in the
this direction: traditional college degrees are deeply classroom, in real-time synchronous encounters with
inadequate tools for communicating information. other people.” The full richness of such conversations
In the long run, MOOCs will most likely be seen can’t be replicated in Internet forums, he argued,
as a crucial step forward in the reformation of higher 85 “unless the people writing online have a skilled
40 education. But their true impact won’t be felt until novelist’s ability to represent complex modes of
thought and experience in prose.” A computer screen
CONTINUE
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will never be more than a shadow of a good college 25
classroom. Like Burke, Jacobs worries that the view
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
90 of education reflected in MOOCs has been skewed
answer to the previous question?
toward that of the computer scientists developing the
platforms. A) Lines 10-12 (“But today . . . before”)
B) Lines 19-21 (“Colleges are . . . price”)
C) Lines 25-28 (“Free online . . . jobs”)
22
D) Lines 30-32 (“Inevitably, there . . . regulators”)
The rhetorical question at the beginning of Passage 1
has primarily which effect?
A) It introduces a conflict between a prediction and an 26
outcome.
The author of Passage 1 indicates that MOOCs could
B) It exposes the public’s lack of information regarding
increase their impact by
a topic.
A) lowering registration costs.
C) It presents a question that the author never intends
to answer. B) providing a greater variety of courses.
D) It lessens the credibility of scientists from C) offering more widely recognized credentials.
prestigious universities. D) including in-person meetings with professors.
23 27
As used in line 11, “robust” most nearly means The author of Passage 2 refers to “a skilled novelist’s
A) athletic. ability” (lines 85-86) to suggest that MOOC
participants
B) fit.
A) should be students interested in studying literature.
C) burly.
B) are usually computer scientists wanting to learn
D) tremendous.
student writing through online programs.
C) will discover that communicating a complicated
idea is often easier to do in person than online.
24
D) find that online creative writing programs are
The author of Passage 1 indicates which of the
difficult to run.
following about MOOCs?
A) They are revolutionizing education.
B) They provide the equivalent of a university degree. 28
C) They should be made more widely available. According to the author of Passage 2, what is a major
D) They offer certain advantages. difference between MOOCs and traditional classes?
A) MOOCs lack the interpersonal connections that
foster intellectual growth.
B) MOOCs provide immediate access to a huge pool
of online resources.
C) MOOCs are suited only for computer science
classes.
D) MOOCs provide professors with technology that is
unavailable in traditional classrooms.
CONTINUE
9
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29 31
The main purpose of each passage is to On which of the following points would the authors of
A) highlight a reason a new technology did not take both passages most likely agree?
off as expected. A) An educational program is more valuable if
B) contrast the educational outcomes of MOOCs with potential employers influence coursework.
those of a traditional classroom. B) Some types of classes are better suited to the online
C) make the case for a more widespread format than others.
implementation of MOOC programs. C) A graduate from a traditional university is better
D) reevaluate an old position in light of new advances. prepared for potential employers than someone
with a strictly online diploma.
D) MOOCs have not yet become the educational
30 revolution many expected them to be.
Which choice best describes the relationship between
the passages?
32
A) Passage 2 uses expert testimony to disprove a
conclusion put forth in Passage 1. Which choice provides the best evidence that the
author of Passage 2 would disagree to some extent with
B) Passage 2 argues for a revolutionary program
the claim the author of Passage 1 makes in
dismissed in Passage 1.
lines 16-19 ?
C) Passage 2 presents an alternate explanation for an A) Lines 46-47 (“Even though . . . humanistic”)
outcome described in Passage 1.
B) Lines 51-53 (“The benefits . . . theoretical”)
D) Passage 2 provides historical context for an issue
presented in Passage 1. C) Lines 59-62 (“It’s a . . . campus”)
D) Lines 87-89 (“A computer . . . classroom”)
CONTINUE
10
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Questions 33-42 are based on the following passage. 45 like grounds, punish whites and blacks who ride
together in streetcars or in open vehicles on a public
This passage is adapted from United States Supreme Court
road or street? Further, if this statute of Louisiana is
Justice John Marshall Harlan’s dissent to the 1896 majority
consistent with the personal liberty of citizens, why
ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.
may not the State require the separation in railroad
By the Louisiana statute, the validity of which 50 coaches of native and naturalized citizens of the United
is here involved, all railway companies (other than States, or of Protestants and Roman Catholics?
street railroad companies) carrying passengers in There is no caste here. Our Constitution is color-
Line that State are required to have separate but equal blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among
5 accommodations for white and colored persons citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are
by providing two or more passenger coaches for 55 equal before the law. The humblest is the peer of the
each passenger train, or by dividing the passenger most powerful. The law regards man as man, and
coaches by a partition so as to secure separate takes no account of his surroundings or of his color
accommodations. Thus, the State regulates the use of when his civil rights as guaranteed by the supreme
10 a public highway by citizens of the United States solely law of the land are involved. It is therefore to be
upon the basis of race. 60 regretted that this high tribunal, the final expositor
However apparent the injustice of such legislation of the fundamental law of the land, has reached the
may be, we have only to consider whether it is conclusion that it is competent for a State to regulate
consistent with the Constitution of the United States. the enjoyment by citizens of their civil rights solely
15 In respect of civil rights common to all citizens, the upon the basis of race.
Constitution of the United States does not, I think, 65 The sure guarantee of the peace and security
permit any public authority to know the race of those of each race is the clear, distinct, unconditional
entitled to be protected in the enjoyment of such recognition by our governments, National and State,
rights. Every true man has pride of race, and, under of every right that inheres in civil freedom, and of the
20 appropriate circumstances, when the rights of others, equality before the law of all citizens of the United
his equals before the law, are not to be affected, it is 70 States, without regard to race. State enactments
his privilege to express such pride and to take such regulating the enjoyment of civil rights upon the basis
action based upon it as to him seems proper. But I of race, and cunningly devised to defeat legitimate
deny that any legislative body or judicial tribunal may results of the war under the pretense of recognizing
25 have regard to the race of citizens when the civil rights equality of rights, can have no other result than to
of those citizens are involved. Indeed, such legislation 75 render permanent peace impossible and to keep alive
as that here in question is inconsistent not only with a conflict of races the continuance of which must do
that equality of rights which pertains to citizenship, harm to all concerned.
National and State, but with the personal liberty The arbitrary separation of citizens on the basis of
30 enjoyed by everyone within the United States. race while they are on a public highway is a badge of
It is one thing for railroad carriers to furnish, or to 80 servitude wholly inconsistent with the civil freedom
be required by law to furnish, equal accommodations and the equality before the law established by the
for all whom they are under a legal duty to carry. It is Constitution. It cannot be justified upon any legal
quite another thing for government to forbid citizens grounds.
35 of the white and black races from traveling in the
same public conveyance, and to punish officers of
railroad companies for permitting persons of the two
races to occupy the same passenger coach. If a State
can prescribe, as a rule of civil conduct, that whites
40 and blacks shall not travel as passengers in the same
railroad coach, why may it not so regulate the use of
the streets of its cities and towns as to compel white
citizens to keep on one side of a street and black
citizens to keep on the other? Why may it not, upon
CONTINUE
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33 36
The central problem Justice Harlan describes in the Which choice provides the best evidence for the
passage is that the legislature has answer to the previous question?
A) written a law that only legislates railroads, when a A) Lines 26-30 (“Indeed, such . . . United States”)
broader transportation law was actually needed. B) Lines 31-33 (“It is . . . carry”)
B) created a law that infringes on personal liberty by C) Lines 44-47 (“Why may . . . street”)
requiring the separation of Protestants and Roman
Catholics. D) Line 52 (“There is . . . here”)
C) passed a law that defies individual rights protected
by the U.S. Constitution.
37
D) complained that the courts have fulfilled their
intended purpose by arbitrating the will of the As used in line 33, “carry” most nearly means
people. A) influence.
B) display.
C) transport.
34
D) hold.
It can reasonably be inferred that the “appropriate
circumstances” referred to in line 20 would be
A) when a man’s civil rights do not conflict with those 38
of another.
The third paragraph (lines 31-51) is mainly concerned
B) daily private gatherings that take the place of public with establishing a contrast between
ones.
A) intended and unintended consequences.
C) a time when proper authority figures are present.
B) states’ rights and human rights.
D) a situation that infringes on an individual’s
C) white citizens and black citizens.
personal liberties.
D) public actions and private beliefs.
35
39
Justice Harlan contends that the laws he describes in
the passage must Justice Harlan invokes “Protestants and Roman
A) reflect the will of the people. Catholics” (line 51) mainly to emphasize
A) an inevitable outcome of a law.
B) be open to liberal interpretation.
B) potential implications of a legal precedent.
C) affect all people equally.
C) separation of church and state.
D) consider legislative intent
D) the importance of religious freedom.
CONTINUE
12
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40 42
As used in line 62, “competent” most nearly means Which choice provides the best evidence for the
A) qualified. answer to the previous question?
B) clever. A) Lines 31-33 (“It is . . . carry”)
C) skilled. B) Line 52 (“There is . . . here”)
D) appropriate. C) Lines 70-77 (“State enactments . . . concerned”)

D) Lines 78-82 (“The arbitrary . . . Constitution”)
41
Justice Harlan claims that which of the following could
be a result of passing the law discussed in the passage?
A) The continuation of tensions between races
B) The weakening of the National court system
C) The establishment of inequality among citizens
D) The creation of a justifiable legal precedent
CONTINUE
13
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Questions 43-52 are based on the following passage 35 But that imbalance would have permanently
and supplementary material. reoriented Mimas, with the crater itself pointed more
directly to Saturn, which isn’t the case. So that idea
This passage is adapted from Michael D. Lemonick, “‘Death
was rejected. An elongated, rocky core could create a
Star’ Moon May Hide a Buried Ocean.” ©2016 by National
wobble in a similar way but without affecting Mimas’s
Geographic.
40 orientation. So could a subsurface ocean lying between
Saturn’s moon Mimas, the smallest of the ringed a normal, spherical core of rock and a shell of ice
planet’s major satellites, may join the growing list of perhaps 15 or 20 miles thick, say the paper’s authors.
moons that hide an ocean of liquid water beneath their “If you spin a raw egg and a hard-boiled egg, the boiled
Line cratered surfaces, astronomers report Thursday in the egg spins faster,” says Tajeddine, and Mimas’s wobble
5 journal Science. 45 could also be related, in a slightly different way, to a
That’s one plausible interpretation, at least, of a partly fluid interior.
rhythmic wobble Mimas displays as it orbits Saturn If there really is a subsurface sea on Mimas, it
once every 23 hours or so, says study lead author would hardly be the first. Planetary scientists are
Radwan Tajeddine, a planetary scientist at Cornell convinced that Jupiter’s moons Europa, Ganymede,
10 University. The other possibility, says Tajeddine, is that 50 and Callisto have their own underground oceans. So
Mimas might be solid throughout but that its rocky does Saturn’s moon Enceladus, and perhaps Saturn’s
core might not be spherical even though its icy outer Titan does as well. Tajeddine and his colleagues hasten
layers clearly are. “Instead,” he says, “the core might be to make clear that they have not actually proved
elongated—shaped like a rugby ball.” Mimas has an ocean. “They’ve shown that this moon
15 Whatever the reason, the wobble Tajeddine and 55 isn’t behaving the way it’s supposed to,” says Cornell
several co-authors discovered by carefully examining planetary scientist Joseph Burns, who wasn’t involved
images from the Cassini space probe was unexpected. in the research, “and they’ve come up with some
The scientists weren’t surprised at the wobble itself, plausible explanations.”
since many moons, including our own, oscillate Scientists think that if Mimas does have a buried
20 slightly as they orbit. Mimas’s shudder, however, is 60 sea, however, it must be made of liquid water, which
enormous for a moon just 250 miles or so in diameter. is one of the key factors needed for life. That doesn’t
“We expected it would wobble by about three mean life necessarily exists here, of course. But along
kilometers [1.8 miles] once every orbit,” he says, “but it with the subsurface water that has been found on other
turned out to be twice that.” icy moons in the solar system, it at least raises the
25 The scientists used computer simulations of 65 possibility. “Oceans trapped beneath ice shells,” says Jet
different scenarios to look for something that would Propulsion Laboratory astrobiologist Kevin Hand, a
produce the observed wobble. One idea was that the National Geographic emerging explorer, “may harbor
remnants of an asteroid are buried beneath the giant the greatest volume of real estate in our solar system
Herschel impact crater, which gives Mimas its uncanny and beyond.”
30 resemblance to the Death Star from Star Wars. The
dense asteroid leftovers would make Mimas more
massive on one side than the other, creating a wobble
through an imbalance in the pull of Saturn’s powerful
gravity.
CONTINUE
14
1 1
Saturn’s Moons
Saturn’s Moon Mass (kg) Radius (miles) Orbital Eccentricity
Mimas 0.379 120 0.0202
Enceladus 1.08 154 0.0045
Tethys 6.18 326 0.0000
Dione 11.0 348 0.0022
Rhea 23.1 473 0.0010
Titan 1345.5 1600 0.0292
Table created with data from NASA.
(Note: The orbital eccentricity determines how far the orbit of a satellite deviates from 0.00. An eccentricity of 0.00 indicates a perfectly circular orbit. An
orbital eccentricity between 0 and 1 forms an elliptical orbit, and an orbital eccentricity of 1 is a parabolic escape orbit.)
43 45
The first two paragraphs serve mainly to Which choice provides the best evidence for the
A) provide a definitive explanation for an earlier answer to the previous question?
mystery. A) Lines 1-5 (“Saturn’s moon . . . Science”)
B) outline commonalities among moon orbits. B) Lines 10-14 (“The other . . . ball”)
C) contradict the findings of a recent planetary study. C) Lines 18-20 (“The scientists . . . orbit”)
D) offer possible explanations for an observed D) Lines 47-48 (“If there . . . first”)
anomaly.
46
44 As used in line 19, “oscillate” most nearly means
Based on information provided in the passage, it can A) orbit.
reasonably be inferred that
B) convulse.
A) all moons exhibit some level of wobble in their
orbits. C) waver.
B) if there is a buried sea on Mimas, there is also life. D) spin.
C) factors other than buried oceans can cause moon
wobble.
47
D) asteroids can knock moons out of orbit.
According to Tajeddine, the wobble in Mimas’s orbit is
notable primarily because
A) it is dramatically larger than scientists expected.
B) it is the only wobble observable in any of Saturn’s
moons.
C) it proves there is an ocean present below the
surface of the moon.
D) it indicates a rocky core shaped like a rugby ball.
CONTINUE
15
1 1
48 51
Which choice provides the best evidence for the Which concept is supported by the passage and by
answer to the previous question? information in the table?
A) Lines 15-17 (“Whatever the . . . unexpected”) A) There is not always a direct correlation between a
B) Lines 20-21 (“Mimas’s shudder . . . diameter”) moon’s size and the path of its orbit.
C) Lines 30-34 (“The dense . . . gravity”) B) The orbital eccentricity of Mimas proves the core of
the satellite is shaped like a rugby ball.
D) Lines 35-37 (“But that . . . case”)
C) The larger the moon, the less circular its orbit.
D) Moons with more elliptical orbits are more likely to
49 contain underground oceans.
As used in line 67, “harbor” most nearly means
A) entertain. 52
B) accommodate. How does the table support the author’s point that
C) cherish. Mimas’s orbit was unexpected based on its size?
D) nurture. A) Its orbital eccentricity is closest to that of
Enceladus.
B) Its orbital eccentricity is closest to that of Titan.
50 C) Its orbital eccentricity shows an orbit that is nearly
According to the table, which of its moons has a a perfect circle.
perfectly circular orbit around Saturn? D) Its orbital eccentricity shows an orbit that is less
A) Tethys circular than any of Saturn’s other satellites.
B) Dione
C) Rhea
D) Titan
ST O P
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
16
1 1
No Test Material On This Page
CONTINUE
17
22
2 22
Writing and Language Test
DIRECTIONS
Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will
consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For other
questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence
structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by one or
more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and
editing decisions.
Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.
After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option.
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage
as it is.
Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage. 1

A) NO CHANGE
No Simple Story B) or
“Whose writings will be cherished while truth, C) so
simplicity, and feelings, command public attention”: D) DELETE the underlined portion.
these are the words carved on the headstone of Elizabeth

Inchbald, who died in 1821. While the words may not ring
as true as they might for a more commonly remembered
figure, 1 yet they do, alongside Inchbald’s life, present
some interesting questions regarding what it means to study
literary history.
The novel as a form came to prominence in the

middle of the 18th century in England. As one might
expect, historical accounts of the novel were for many years
dominated by male authors. The most famous of these early
novels today is probably Gulliver’s Travels (1726) by
CONTINUE
18
2 2
2
Jonathan Swift. Many of Swift’s contemporaries 2 have
At this point, the writer is considering adding the
been listed among the luminaries of English fiction since
following information.
the earliest days of literary history. These men are typically —among them Henry Fielding, Daniel Defoe, and
considered the progenitors of the novel as we know it. Samuel Richardson—
Should the writer make this addition here?
Since the 1970s, 3 therefore, critics have been more
A) Yes, because it explains the reason for the lasting
sensitive to the idea that literary work, 4 expressions
fame of Swift’s novel.
of an artistic variety, and cultural pursuits are not the
B) Yes, because it provides specific examples relevant
exclusive province of dead white men. In studies of English to the passage.
literature, this has meant paying special 5 intending to C) No, because it unnecessarily delays the discussion
writers of color and to women. One such beneficiary of this of female authors.
reconsideration has been Elizabeth Inchbald, an actress D) No, because it interrupts the sentence with an
irrelevant discussion.
and playwright whose novel A Simple Story (1791) is now
acknowledged as one of the great classics 6 of these eras.
3
A) NO CHANGE
B) furthermore,
C) thus,
D) however,
4
A) NO CHANGE
B) works of expression in art,
C) painting pictures,
D) artistic expression,
5
A) NO CHANGE
B) intends
C) attending
D) attention
6
A) NO CHANGE
B) of the early era.
C) for them in the era.
D) to them for the era.
CONTINUE
19
2 2
Inchbald’s case is particularly interesting because she 7
was so well-known in her own day. She was the author of as A) NO CHANGE
many as eighteen plays that were performed on the London B) which features
stage, and she was known to many as an actress in many C) features
more plays besides. One of her plays, Lovers’ Vows (1798), D) feature
7 which feature prominently in Mansfield Park (1814),
an early novel by the incontestably canonical Jane Austen. It
8
did not seem so optimistic to assume, as Inchbald’s epitaph
A) NO CHANGE
did, that she would be read, 8 to admire, and studied for
B) admired,
many years to come, except as a footnote to a greater author.
C) readers admired,
What happened? 9 The obvious answer is that D) admiring,
history and education were for a long time controlled by
one group. The contributions of women were ignored by
9
this group, white men. This is no doubt true, but it doesn’t
Which choice most effectively combines the
tell the whole story—after all, this era is not completely underlined sentences?
without major female authors. 10 Perhaps the remaining A) White men were inclined to ignore the
mystery can be addressed with another question: what contributions of women; this ignoring group was
for many years in control of history and education,
is literary history? Is it the study of great works or great making for an obvious answer.
figures? Is it the study of an era’s culture or its greatest B) Many white men who ignored the contributions
works? Of what the elites were reading and seeing or what of women were answering the obvious question of
everyone was reading and seeing? controlling history and education for many years.
C) The obvious answer is that history and education
were for a long time controlled by one group; this
group, white men, had an inclination to ignore the
contributions of women.
D) The obvious answer is that history and education
were for a long time controlled by white men who
were often inclined to ignore the contributions of
women.
10
Which choice most effectively sets up the question
given at the end of the sentence?
A) NO CHANGE
B) One interesting question that will generate
discussion is this:
C) One question that has always baffled literary
historians is as follows:
D) Elizabeth Inchbald had a strange allure for her
contemporaries:
CONTINUE
20
2 2
These questions may be unanswerable, but raising 11
them has produced many interesting revelations. Elizabeth Which choice most clearly ends the passage with a
Inchbald is just one. What else could we have missed? restatement of the writer’s primary claim?
11 Literary history can always reveal new secrets to us, as A) NO CHANGE
long as we ask it the right questions. B) There are assuredly many more women whose
work has been neglected in other arts and in other
countries as well.
C) The challenge inherent in studying historical
documents is that it’s hard to know the context in
which they were produced.
D) The biggest struggle for women artists at the time
was that they were not given the same respect as
men.
CONTINUE
21
2 2
From 9 to 5 to 24 following sentence.
—1— The end of World War II is often identified as
a turning point for Civil Rights, when many
The “9-to-5” employee represents, for many, the Americans realized that they could no longer
standard working individual in the United States. The oppress people who fought to keep them all free.
phrase itself is of unknown origin, but it became popular Should the writer make this addition here?
in the years after World War II. 12 Suburbanization and a A) Yes, because it explains some of the shifts that took
place in the American workplace after the Second
huge influx of employees reentered the workforce and came World War.
to see the 9 a.m.-to-5 p.m., Monday-through-Friday office B) Yes, because it provides an important historical
job as a symbol of the American dream. As 13 scholar background for the idea of the 9-to-5 workday.
Phaedra Milner’s, “The Workplace in American Life” argues, C) No, because it suggests that recent changes in
“The weekday hours of 9 to 5 were nearly as sacred to most workplace flexibility are only available to certain
races.
Americans as Sunday mornings.” As that dream was altered
D) No, because it is not directly related to the
and deconstructed over the following decades, this same paragraph’s main discussion of the American
job became the symbol of corporate 14 dominance and workplace.
represented to critics the oppression of workers. However,
the phrase itself persisted.
13
A) NO CHANGE
B) scholar Phaedra Milner’s
C) scholar, Phaedra Milner’s,
D) scholar, Phaedra Milner’s
14
A) NO CHANGE
B) dominance,
C) dominance, it
D) dominance, the shift
CONTINUE
22
2 2
—2— 15
A) NO CHANGE
The opposite side contends that the “9-to-5” model
B) ages defining technology,
is obsolete in modern times with our 15 age’s defining
C) age’s defining technology;
technology: the Internet. There is very little that one can
D) ages defining technology:
do at an office that one can’t do in an Internet-connected
home or on a smartphone. The important thing, these anti-
“9-to-5”ers argue, is that work gets 16 done. It gets done 16
within sight of a boss or that it gets done within certain Which choice most effectively combines the sentences
hours. No business, they argue, can guarantee that its issues in the underlined portion?
A) done—it
can all be resolved within an arbitrarily determined set of
B) done, although
hours. This is particularly true in an age of international
C) done while it
conglomerates—if you have an office in the United States
D) done, not that it
and another in India, then whose “9-to-5” matters more?
CONTINUE
23
2 2
—3— 17
A) NO CHANGE
The phrase continues even to this day, despite the
B) businesses structure
fact that work in the United States and much of Europe
C) business’s structure
has strayed so far from it, and 17 businesses structured
D) business structuring
policies toward employee time that reflect the change.
18 Nevertheless, one of the hottest topics in the workplace
today is the concept of “flexibility.” The traditionalists 18
continue to argue for “9-to-5” as a kind of ideal, while A) NO CHANGE
19 the unemployment rate goes through cycles of boom B) On the contrary,
and bust. C) Deservedly,
D) For example,
19
Which choice illustrates the contrast in a way that
is most similar in structure to the argument already
presented in the sentence?
A) NO CHANGE
B) many people argue that it is hard enough to find a
job they like.
C) some employees find that rush-hour traffic makes it
difficult to start at 9 a.m.
D) the new school of thought identifies it as a relic of a
past age.
CONTINUE
24
22
2 22
—4— 20
A) NO CHANGE
Those in favor of the traditional in-office work
B) knowing that their work day will end at a specific
arrangement argue from a few perspectives. An in-office time, the employees themselves benefit from the
employee, they say, is good for bosses: very few employees “9-to-5” structure.
have the discipline to work reliably at home, and if those C) the employees themselves benefit from the “9-to-5”
employees are in the office, then the people paying them structure, who know that their work day will end at
a specific time.
can be sure that they are working. Imagine if all of your
D) the “9-to-5” structure, knowing that their work day
homework was to be done on the honor system—wouldn’t will end at a specific time, benefits the employees
you slack a little bit? Moreover, 20 knowing that their themselves.
work day will end at a specific time, the “9-to-5” structure
also benefits the employees themselves. Otherwise, work
21
can bring its normal amount of stress during the worker’s
Which choice most closely matches the stylistic pattern
day, often persist well into the worker’s home life, and established earlier in the sentence?
21 the worker has no chance of developing any kind of A) NO CHANGE
personal life. B) personal life cannot develop because its possibility
is removed for the worker.
—5—
C) remove any chance for the worker to develop a
There are no easy solutions to the question of personal life.
workplace flexibility. Even so, as connectivity increases and D) removing the worker’s chance to develop any kind
of social life.
evolves over the coming decades, the question will take on
additional importance. Indeed, we may not only dispense
entirely with the idea of a “9-to-5” but with the idea of
“going to work” altogether.
Question 22 asks about the previous passage as a Think about the previous passage as a whole as you
whole. answer question 22.
22
To make the passage most logical, paragraph 2 should
be placed
A) where it is now.
B) after paragraph 3.
C) after paragraph 4.
D) after paragraph 5.
CONTINUE
25
2 2
Questions 23-33 are based on the following passage and 23
supplementary material.
A) NO CHANGE
B) from the variety of them
Sport of the Gods
C) a variety of it
[1] The modern world is immersed in sports— D) a variety of them
professional leagues exist in nearly all countries, and the
airwaves broadcast 23 a variety of sports at all times of
24
the day. [2] While some of the season-long sports may
be of limited interest to non-fans, one series of events, following information.
the Olympics, never fails 24 . [3] Of the world’s 7 billion to draw a tremendous international crowd
people, nearly half are purported to watch at least a minute Should the writer make this addition here?
of the Olympics every two years. [4] No other televised A) Yes, because it explains why the Olympics are the
event can come close to generating such levels of popular most popular TV event in the United States.
attention. 25 B) Yes, because it clarifies the relationship between
typical crowds and the crowds for the Olympics.
C) No, because it mentions international crowds,
drawing the focus away from American viewers.
D) No, because it undermines the paragraph’s claim
that sports are only interesting to a small section of
the population.
25
Where is the most logical place in this paragraph to
add the following sentence?
The logos of professional sports teams appear
regularly on apparel, billboards, and seemingly
anywhere else one might look.
A) After sentence 1
B) After sentence 2
C) After sentence 3
D) After sentence 4
CONTINUE
26
2 2
The Olympics are unique for a number of reasons. One 26
involves the variety of bizarre sports—how many of us keep A) NO CHANGE
up with horse dressage or curling in the offseason? Even for B) mainstream
those with a vested interest in one of the more 26 boring C) interesting
sports—hockey, basketball, soccer, tennis—the Olympics D) athletic
add an additional degree of drama to the familiar.
This drama is no doubt the result of the Olympics’ 27

truly unique feature: their long history and tradition. A) NO CHANGE
27 They’re not a mere coincidence that the games take B) It’s
their name from Mount Olympus. This mountain, C) Its
28 which lives in myth as the home of the gods and was D) There
a kind of heaven in the pre-Christian era. The Greeks
founded the Olympics thousands of years ago to honor the
28
almost metaphysical, as the name 29 implies, “talents of its
A) NO CHANGE
greatest athletes.
B) which lives on in myth as the home of the gods, it
was
C) living in myth as the home of the gods, was
D) living in myth as the home of the gods, it was
29
A) NO CHANGE
B) implies talents
C) implies, talents
D) implies—talents
CONTINUE
27
2 2
While the contest faded with the rise of other more 30
powerful nations, a resurgence of interest in classical A) NO CHANGE
antiquity brought a renewed focus on the games in the B) For example,
nineteenth century. Contests throughout Britain in C) Nevertheless,
particular were frequently touted as restoring the glory of D) Moreover,
the original Olympic games. 30 By contrast, the shrinking
of the world via new forms of transportation gave the games
31
an international reach they could not have had in the earlier
A) NO CHANGE
era.
B) the fact of the world being more fractious.
Indeed, the Olympics as we know them today are C) the world having increasingly more factions.
largely a result of Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937), D) an increasingly fractious world.
a French aristocrat with a specific fondness for sport and
Greek history. Coubertin organized the International
Olympics Committee (IOC) in 1894 and garnered true
international support. The first running of the modern
games was held in Greece in 1896, a callback to the classical
heritage that Coubertin and the rest of the IOC hoped to
restore to 31 a world being increasingly fractious.
CONTINUE
28
22
2 22
The Olympics have changed and evolved since that 32
time. Even with all of these changes, Olympic athletes Which choice offers an accurate interpretation of the
and organizers remain committed to the idea that great data in the chart?
athleticism and internationalism should be celebrated above A) NO CHANGE
all. The growth in international popularity is nowhere more B) was the most significant cost since Sydney hosted
the Summer Olympics
evident than in the cost of hosting the Olympics: the cost
C) was significantly less than the amount London
for Beijing to host the Summer Olympics 32 was over six spent four years later
times that of Athens four years earlier (see chart). Truly, the D) was more than triple that of Atlanta twelve years
Olympics can still attract an impressive audience, including earlier
even those with no usual interest in sports, simply by
adhering to the near universal principles that the ancient
33
Greeks once ascribed to the gods who lived, 33 it was
A) NO CHANGE
supposed, on, the mountain that gives the ceremony its
B) it was supposed, on
name.
C) it was supposed; on
D) it was supposed on,
Cost of Hosting Summer Olympics
(in Billions)
Los Angeles ’84 $1
Seoul ’88 $8
Barcelona ’92 $15
Atlanta ’96 $7
Sydney ’00 $5
Athens ’04 $14
Beijing ’08 $43
London (Est) ’12 $40
$0 $10 $20 $30 $40
Adapted from Alec Konrad and Nicholas Rapp, “The (Very Big) Bucks
Behind the Olympics.” Published June 11, 2012 by Fortune Magazine.
CONTINUE
29
2 2
A) NO CHANGE
Waste Not, Wastewater Yes? B) human—
California’s drought in recent years has been a concern C) human, for example:
for many reasons. The first concern is always D) human, thus—
34 human, therefore—will we have enough clean water to
drink? This is a problem 35 with which we are not often 35
faced in the United States. Granted, we can do without A) NO CHANGE
watering our lawns, and we can take shorter showers, but B) for those
what happens when these measures fail? C) wherein
Fortunately, the drought doesn’t have the taps D) from that
36 perambulating dry just yet. However, the drought has
hit the agricultural industry particularly hard. In years with 36
little or no rain, water is an especially precious commodity, A) NO CHANGE
and the cost of obtaining clean water can be too high for B) running
some farmers to pay. And California’s agricultural sector C) drinking
is tremendous—cuts in production would lead not only D) spouting
to economic consequences for the state but also 37 to
nutritional consequences for the entire country.
37
Which choice provides information that best supports
the claim made by this sentence?
A) NO CHANGE
B) some of the best fruits and vegetables come from
California.
C) the almond and pecan industry are particularly
damaged.
D) a dry climate can be sweltering in the desert heat.
CONTINUE
30
2 2
Fortunately, when humans are not directly 38
38 involved; controversy can be quieted, and experts can A) NO CHANGE
debate the merits of particular topics without interference B) involved
from uneducated politicos. One issue of particular C) involved,
interest in light of California’s drought has been the use D) involved—
of wastewater in irrigation. The California legislature,
39 which debates the issue regularly, has proposed this
39
solution in years past, but only 6% of the trillions of gallons
A) NO CHANGE
of water used in California irrigation is wastewater. Could
B) they debate
the number safely 40 be raising? Some figures say yes: in
C) who debating
Israel, for instance, nearly half the water used in irrigation is
D) that debated
wastewater.
The problem is not precisely what one might think.

40
It’s not an issue of the waste but of the treatment. 41
A) NO CHANGE
Using wastewater directly would have dire and disgusting
B) rise?
consequences. All wastewater that flows through sewers
C) raise?
is reclaimed—that is, its toxins and contaminants are
D) be rising?
removed, and the purified water is recirculated.
41
following sentence.
Unfortunately, in countries that cannot afford the
infrastructure, the difference between wastewater
and clean water is scant.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it warns of what could happen
if water-treatment plants are not maintained
properly.
B) Yes, because it contextualizes the California
drought amid other serious global crises.
C) No, because it restates information that is given
elsewhere in the paragraph.
D) No, because it inserts information that does not
have an essential connection to the rest of the
paragraph.
CONTINUE
31
22
2 22
Much of it is subsequently deposited into basins, which lead 42
to lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water, where it is then A) NO CHANGE
reintegrated with natural waterways 42 like oceans. B) in nature.
C) for example.
[1] While this might sound a little gross, it should be a
D) DELETE the underlined portion, and end the
safe solution. [2] If water-treatment plants function as they sentence with a period.
should, the water should be as clean as if it had just fallen
from a cloud. [3] Trace amounts of these chemicals would
have no 43 affect on the average human, but the large 43
and unpredictable mixtures that are involved in trillions of A) NO CHANGE

B) affect, with
gallons of water can add up to something more dangerous,
C) effect with
to wildlife as well as humans. [4] In terms of irrigation,
D) effect on
some of these chemicals could even make their way to the
crops themselves, which are after all at least partly made
up of the water used to grow them. [5] Unfortunately, 44
many studies have shown that this water is far from To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 5 should
pure, containing traces of pharmaceuticals and other be placed
chemicals. 44 A) where it is now.
B) before sentence 2.
C) before sentence 3.
D) before sentence 4.
ST O P
32
22
2 22
CONTINUE
33
3 3
Math Test – No Calculator
DIRECTIONS
For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided,
and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20, solve the
problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions
before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available
space in your test booklet for scratch work.
NOTES
1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.
REFERENCE
c 2x 60° x s 45° s 2
•
r h b
w 30° 45°
b a x 3 s
A = πr 2 A = w c 2= a 2 + b 2
C = 2 πr A = 1 bh Special Right Triangles
2
•r h
h r h
h
w r w

4
V = wh V = π r 2h V = 3 πr3 1 1
V = 3 π r2h V = 3 wh
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
CONTINUE
34
3 3
1 3
The price a hotel charges customers for a room, in 2x + 3y = 15
dollars, can be found by using the expression x–y=0
10 + 50gn, where g is the number of guests who will
be staying in the room and n is the number of nights Which of the following ordered pairs (x, y) is a solution
of the hotel stay. Which of the following is the best to the system of equations shown above?
interpretation of the number 50 in the expression? A) (–3, –3)
A) Each guest stays 50 nights. B) (–3, 3)
B) The price of every room increases by $50 per guest. C) (3, 3)
C) A room can only be rented for a maximum of D) (2, –3)
50 nights.
D) The hotel charges $50 per night for each guest.
3c 2 + 13 − y = 0
2
If 7x + 8 = 13, what is the value of 14x + 4 ? If c > 0 and y = 5 in the equation above, what is the
value of c ?
A) 5
A) 1
B) 14
B) 2
C) 21
C) 3
D) 26
D) 4
CONTINUE
35
3 3
5 7
S = 180(n – 2)
y
n The sum, S, of the measures, in degrees, of the interior
angles of a regular polygon of n-sides is given by the
(0, 15)
formula above. If the sum of the measures of the
interior angles of a regular polygon is less than 750°,
what is the greatest number of sides the polygon can
m have?
A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
(–3, 0) (k, 0) D) 9
x
O
(0, –5)
8
The graph of line f in the xy-plane has a slope of 3 and
In the xy-plane above, if line m is parallel to line n, contains the point (2, 5). The graph of line g passes
what is the value of k ? through the points (2, 3) and (4, 5). If the two lines
A) 3 intersect at the point (x, y), what is the value of x + y ?
B) 5 A) –1
C) 9 B) 1
D) 15 C) 2
D) 3
6
25x4 + 30x2y2 + 9y4
Which of the following is equivalent to the expression
shown above?
A) (5x + 3y)4
B) (5x2 + 3y2)2
C) (25x + 9y)4
D) (25x2 + 9y2)2
CONTINUE
36
3 3
9 11
2 Which of the following functions when graphed in the
ym xy-plane has only f(x) values greater than –2 ?
If 2
=y 27, y > 1, and m – n = 3, what is the value of
yn A) f(x) = (x – 3)2
m+n?
B) f(x) = x3 – 3
A) 6 C) f(x) =|x| – 3
B) 9 D) f(x) = x2 – 3
C) 27
D) 30
12
If i = −1, which of the following complex numbers is
10 5 − 2i
equivalent to
9 + 3i ?
A −U
=P
A 5 2i
A) +
9 3
A high school basketball coach calculates a player’s free
5 2i
throw percentage, P, based on the number of attempts, B) −
A, and unsuccessful attempts, U. Which of the 9 3
following expresses the number of attempts in terms of C) 13 + 11i
P and U ? 30 30
13 11i
U D) −
A) A = 30 30
P −1
PU
B) A =
P −1
U
C) A =
1− P
PU
D) A =
1− P
CONTINUE
37
3 3
13 15
A bacteria population grows at an hourly rate of What is the sum of all values of q that satisfy
22 percent. If the sample initially contained 4,250 3q2 – 30q + 21 = 0 ?
microbes, which of the following functions g models A) 10
the number of microbes of bacteria t hours later?
B) 6 2
A) g(t) = 0.22(4,250)t
B) g(t) = 1.22(4,250)t C) – 6 2
C) g(t) = 4,250(0.22)t D) –10
D) g(t) = 4,250(1.22)t

14
7x − 3
The expression is equivalent to which of the
following? x+2
17
A) 7 −
x+2
3
B) 7 −
x+2
3
C) 7 −
2
7−3
D)
2
CONTINUE
38
3 3
DIRECTIONS
Answer: 7 Answer: 2.5
For questions 16-20, solve the problem and 12
enter your answer in the grid, as described below, Write 7 / 1 2 2 . 5
answer / / Fraction / /
on the answer sheet. Decimal
in boxes. . . . . line . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0 point
1. A lthough not required, it is suggested that
you write your answer in the boxes at the top
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the Grid in 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
circles are filled in correctly. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
result. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
3. No question has a negative answer. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
4. Some problems may have more than one
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one
answer.
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded Acceptable ways to grid

2
are:
2 3
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1/ // 2 is entered into 2 / 3 . 6 6 6 . 6 6 7
/ / / / / /
the grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not as . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 1 .) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
6. Decimal Answers: If you obtain a decimal 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
answer with more digits than the grid can 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
accommodate, it may be either rounded or 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Answer: 201 – either position is correct
2 2 0 1
NOTE: You may start
0 1
/ /
your answers in any
/ /
. . . . . . . . column, space
0 0 0 0 0 0 permitting. Columns
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 you don’t need to
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 use should be left
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 blank.
CONTINUE
39
3 3
16 18
ax + bx + c = 3x(5x + 2) + 5(5x + 2)
2
In the equation above, a, b, and c are constants. If the y

equation is true for all values of x, what is the value
of b ?
X (1, 1)
x
O Y
17
A family goes to a theater and buys tickets totaling
$40. At the theater, a child’s ticket costs $2 and an
adult’s ticket costs $8. If the family buys at least one
child’s ticket and at least one adult’s ticket, what is one In the xy-plane above, O is the center of the circle, and
possible number of children’s tickets purchased? π
the measure of ∠XOY is radians. What is the value
c
of c ?
CONTINUE
40
3 3
19 20
4x + 10y = 90 X Y
mx + ny = 15
In the system of equations above, m and n are
constants. If the system has infinitely many solutions,
m 12
what is the value of ?
n
W
3 4
V Z
In the figure above, VZ || XY and segment XZ

intersects segment YV at point W. What is the length
of segment XZ ?
ST O P
41
4 4
Math Test – Calculator
DIRECTIONS
For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided,
and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38, solve the
problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions
before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available
space in your test booklet for scratch work.
NOTES
1. The use of a calculator is permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.
REFERENCE
c 2x 60° x s 45° s 2
•
r h b
w 30° 45°
b a x 3 s
A = πr 2 A = w c 2= a 2 + b 2
C = 2 πr A = 1 bh Special Right Triangles
2
•r h
h r h
h
w r w

4
V = wh V = π r 2h V = 3 πr3 1 1
V = 3 π r2h V = 3 wh
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
CONTINUE
42
4 4
1 3
A candy store owner purchases 11 purple gumballs A car sharing program charges both by the mile and by
for every 600 gumballs he purchases. At this rate, how the minute. The program charges $0.003 for each mile
many purple gumballs will the store owner purchase if traveled and $0.40 for each minute of the trip. Which
he purchases 300,000 gumballs? of the following expressions represents the amount,
A) 4,500 in dollars, that the program charges for a trip that is d
miles long and lasts for t minutes?
B) 5,000
A) 0.003d + 0.40t
C) 5,500
B) 0.003d – 0.40t
D) 6,000
C) 0.40d + 0.003t
D) 0.40d – 0.003t
2
v = 12 + 4.5t
4
A moving object begins to accelerate along a track.
When the object has been accelerating along the track When 6 times a number y is added to 22, the result is
for t seconds, the object is moving at v meters per 10. What is the result when 3 times y is added to 13 ?
second, as shown in the equation above. What is t A) −2
when v is 84 ? B) 3
A) 9.8 C) 7
B) 16 D) 22
C) 84
D) 147
CONTINUE
43
4 4
q 7
A restaurant is buying chairs that cost either $50 or
Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following information. $75 dollars each. Let m be the number of chairs that
The amount of money a salesperson earns is directly cost $50 each and n be the number of chairs that
proportional to the number of sales she makes each day. cost $75 each. The restaurant has space for no more
The salesperson earns $150 when she makes 6 sales in one than 60 chairs and has budgeted $3,900 to spend on
day. chairs. Which of the following systems of inequalities
represents this relationship?
5 50m + 75n ≤ 3, 900

A) 
The salesperson spends 37% of the money earned from m + n ≤ 3, 900
sales on travel expenses. The rest of the money is the
salesperson’s profit. What is the profit the salesperson
makes on a day in which she makes 6 sales? m + n ≤ 3, 900
B) 

A) $94.50 50m + 75n ≤ 60
B) $83.00
m + n ≤ 60
C) $63.00
C)  m n
D) $55.50  50 + 75 ≤ 3, 900

m + n ≤ 60
D) 

50m + 75n ≤ 3, 900
6
How much money will the salesperson earn if she
makes 21 sales in one day?
A) $450 8
B) $525 y = x2 – 12x + 27
C) $900 The equation above represents a parabola in the
xy-plane. Which of the following equivalent forms of
D) $1,250
the equation includes the x-intercepts as constants or
p coefficients?
A) y = (x – 3)(x – 9)
B) y = x(x – 12) + 27
C) y + 9 = (x – 6)2
D) y – 27 = x2 – 12x
CONTINUE
44
4 4
9 11
In a school quiz, a student begins with p points and A function g satisfies g(3) = 4 and g(4) = 7. A function
loses 4 points for every question answered incorrectly. h satisfies h(4) = 3 and h(7) = 5. What is the value of
If a student who gains no additional points and gets 10 g(h(4)) ?
questions incorrect receives a score of 40 points, what A) 4
is the value of p ?
B) 5
A) 80
C) 7
B) 50
D) 8
C) 30
D) 0
12
Number of feet Brianna walks per 4
10
second without breaks
On August 1st, an art museum that is planning to Number of breaks 16
open has a collection of 150 paintings and enough
space to display 375 paintings. Each week, the museum Number of minutes Brianna plans to 45
walk each hour
adds 25 paintings to its collection. If w represents
the number of weeks since August 1st, which of the Number of blocks in the route 140
following inequalities describes the set of weeks where Length of the route, in feet 44,837
the collection size is at or over the number of paintings
Brianna is planning to spend a day walking around
that the museum can display?
her town based on a planned route. The table above
A) 375 – 25 ≤ w shows information about the route, Brianna’s walking
B) 150 + 25w ≥ 375 speed, and the number of minutes Brianna spends
C) 375 ≤ 25w walking each hour. If Brianna walks at the rates given
by the table, which of the following is the closest to the
D) 225 ≥ 25w number of hours it would take Brianna to complete the
route?
A) 4
B) 92
C) 182
D) 264
CONTINUE
45
4 4
13 15
The distance traveled by the Moon in one orbit around
Miles Driven by Car C from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Earth is about 2,290,000 kilometers. The Moon makes
one complete orbit around Earth in about 27 days. 300
Number of Miles Driven

Which of the following is the closest to the average 250
speed, in kilometers per hour, of the Moon as it orbits 200
Earth? 150
A) 2,000 100
B) 3,500 50
C) 11,000 0
12 .m.
3:
10
11 .m.
9:
1:
2:
4:
5:
D) 23,000
00
00
00 .
00
00
00
:0
:0
:0
0p
0a
0a
p.m
a.
p.m
p.m
p.m
p.m
m
.m
.
.
.
.
Time
According to the line of best fit in the scatterplot above,

which of the following best approximates the time at
which the distance driven by Car C was estimated to
14
be 225 ?
A local news station conducted exit polling to
A) 1:40 p.m.
determine the likely winner of the mayoral election in
a certain city. The station polled the 120 people who B) 2:20 p.m.
left the polling station before noon, and 10 declined C) 2:50 p.m.
to respond. Which of the following most significantly D) 3:20 p.m.
reduces the reliability of the results of the exit polls
regarding the mayoral candidate preference of the
people in the city?
A) Population size
B) The people who declined to respond
C) When the poll was conducted
D) Sample size
CONTINUE
46
4 4
16 17
The length of an unknown galaxy, in kiloparsecs (kpc), Results of the Auditions for Broadway Play
is approximately 40% longer than that of the Milky
Way galaxy. If the length of the Milky Way galaxy is Cast in the Not Cast in
about 35 kpc, which of the following best approximates Play the Play
the length, in kpc, of the unknown galaxy? Has a Degree in Theater 11 124
A) 14 Does Not Have a Degree
19 146
B) 21 in Theater
C) 40 The table above displays the results of 300 actors who

D) 49 auditioned for a Broadway play. If one of the surveyed
actors who was cast in the play is selected at random,
what is the probability that the actor selected does not
have a degree in theater?
19
A)
300
30
B)
300
11
C)
30
19
D)
30
CONTINUE
47
4 4
q 19
Based on the polling data, which of the following most
Questions 18 and 19 refer to the following information. accurately compares the expected number of all club
The head of an after-school activity club randomly selected members who participated in 4 weekend trips?
and polled 200 of its male members and 200 of its female A) The total number of female members who
members and asked each member how many weekend trips participated in 4 weekend trips is expected to be
he or she participated in last month. The results are shown 400 more than the number of male members who
in the table below. participated in 4 weekend trips.
Student Weekend Trip Survey B) The total number of female members who
participated in 4 weekend trips is expected to be
Number of 90 more than the number of male members who
Weekend Trips Male Female participated in 4 weekend trips.
0 10 5 C) The total number of male members who
1 20 35 participated in 4 weekend trips is expected to be
90 more than the number of female members who
2 70 55
participated in 4 weekend trips.
3 55 60
D) The total number of male and female members who
4 45 45
participated in weekend trips is expected to be equal.
The after-school activities club has a total of 1,800 male

p
members and 2,200 female members.
18
What is the median number of weekend trips for all
the students surveyed?
A) 1
B) 2 20
C) 3 A census was taken of the towns in Ventura County,
D) 4 and it was determined that the mean population of
the towns was 93,000 and the median population
was 78,000. Which of the following could explain the
difference between the mean and the median town
population in Ventura County?
A) There are a few towns in Ventura County with
significantly lower populations than the others.
B) There are a few towns in Ventura County with
significantly higher populations than the others.
C) Many of the towns have populations between
78,000 and 93,000.
D) The towns have populations that are close to each
other.
CONTINUE
48
4 4
q 22
For two satellites of the same mass in Earth’s orbit, the
Questions 21 and 22 refer to the following force of Earth’s gravity on Object A is 9 times the force
information. of Earth’s gravity on Object B. The distance of Object
GM E m A from Earth’s center is what fraction of the distance
F=
d2 of Object B from Earth’s center?
The mass m of an object, its distance d from the Earth’s

1
center, the force F due to Earth’s gravity on the object, the A)
gravitational constant G, and Earth’s mass ME are related 81
by the equation above. 1
B)
27
1
C)
21 9
Which of the following expresses the square of the 1
distance of the object from the Earth’s center in terms D)
3
of the force due to Earth’s gravity, the gravitational
constant, the mass of the object, and Earth’s mass?
2 F
A) d = p
GM E m
2 Fm
B) d =
GM E
GM E m
C) d 2 =
F
m 23
D) d 2 =
FGM E
A mechanic estimates that a repair will cost his
customer a dollars, where a > 250. After completing
the repair, he finds that the actual cost is within 50
dollars of the estimated cost. If the actual cost of the
repair is b dollars, which of the following inequalities
represents the relationship between the estimated cost
of the repair and the actual customer cost?
A) −50 < a – b < 50
B) b < a – 50
C) b > a + 50
D) a + b < 50
CONTINUE
49
4 4
24 26
y
250
Temperature (°F)
200
y = f(x) 150
100
Pot B
50 Pot A
1 0
1
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
O
Time (minutes)
Two pots of water of equal temperature and volume

are placed on a stove top and labeled Pot A and Pot B,
respectively. Pot A is heated with a high flame and Pot
B is heated with a medium flame. The temperatures
The complete graph of the function g is shown in the of both pots of water are measured and recorded. The
xy-plane above. Which of the following are equal graph above shows the temperature of the water at
to 2 ? 1-minute intervals. Which of the following correctly
describes the rates of change in temperature of the two
I. g(−5) samples based on the graph?
7 A) In the intervals from 0 to 1 minute and 1 to 2
II. g   minutes, the rate of change in temperature is
2
greater for Pot A, whereas in the intervals from 5
III. g(5) to 6 minutes and from 6 to 7 minutes, the rate of
change in temperature is greater for Pot B.
B) In the intervals from 0 to 1 minute and 1 to 2
A) II only
minutes, the rate of change in temperature is
B) I and II only greater for Pot B, whereas in the intervals from 5
C) II and III only to 6 minutes and from 6 to 7 minutes, the rate of
change in temperature is greater for Pot A.
D) I, II, and III
C) In every minute-long interval, the rate of change in
temperature is greater for Pot A than it is for
Pot B.
D) In every-minute long interval, the rate of change in
temperature is greater for Pot B than it is for
Pot A.
25
x2 + y2 − 6x + 10y = −9
The equation of a circle in the xy-plane is shown above.
Which of the following is the radius of the circle?
A) 4
B) 5
C) 16
D) 25
CONTINUE
50
4 4
27 29
The graph of the linear function g in the xy-plane has y
intercepts at (0, c) and (d, 0) and slope m. If cd > 0,
which of the following is true about the value of m ? 8
A) m = 0 Q R
6
B) m > 0
C) m < 0 4
D) m is undefined. T
2
x
–8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
–2
P S
–4
28
In the xy-plane above, PQRS is a rhombus and point T

is the center of the rhombus. The coordinates of points
R and T are (9, 6) and (1, 2), respectively. Which of the
following is an equation of the line that passes through
points Q and S ?
O
1
A) y = x–2
2
1
B) y = x + 3
2
The figure above shows a regular hexagon with sides of C) y = –2x – 2

length x inscribed in a circle with center O. If the area
of the hexagon is 96 3 square inches, what is the area, D) y = –2(x – 2)
in square inches, of the circle?
A) 16p 3
B) 24p 3 30
C) 56p y = mx2 + n
D) 64p y=4
In the system of equations shown above, m and n are
constants. For which of the following values of m and n
does the system of equations have no real solutions?
A) m = −3, n = 4
B) m = −3, n = 5
C) m = 3, n = 6
D) m = 5, n = 4
CONTINUE
51
4 4
DIRECTIONS
Answer: 7 Answer: 2.5
For questions 31-38, solve the problem and 12
enter your answer in the grid, as described below, Write 7 / 1 2 2 . 5
answer / / Fraction / /
on the answer sheet. Decimal
in boxes. . . . . line . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0 point
1. A lthough not required, it is suggested that
you write your answer in the boxes at the top
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the Grid in 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
circles are filled in correctly. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
result. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
3. No question has a negative answer. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
4. Some problems may have more than one
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one
answer.
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded Acceptable ways to grid

2
are:
2 3
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1/ // 2 is entered into 2 / 3 . 6 6 6 . 6 6 7
/ / / / / /
31 . . . . . . . . . . .
the grid, it will be interpreted as , not as .
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 1 .) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
6. Decimal Answers: If you obtain a decimal 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
answer with more digits than the grid can 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
accommodate, it may be either rounded or 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Answer: 201 – either position is correct
2 2 0 1
NOTE: You may start
0 1
/ /
your answers in any
/ /
. . . . . . . . column, space
0 0 0 0 0 0 permitting. Columns
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 you don’t need to
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 use should be left
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 blank.
CONTINUE
52
4 4
31 33
If m minutes and 45 seconds is 525 seconds, what is the b = 500y + 350
value of m ? Hideo opens a retirement account with an initial
deposit. Each year after that, he deposits a regular
amount into the account. The equation above models
the balance, b, in dollars that Hideo has deposited after
y years. According to the model, how much, in dollars,
was Hideo’s initial deposit? (Disregard the $ sign when
al gridding in your answer.)
32
A glaciologist estimates that ocean levels are rising
at a rate of 5.5 inches per century. According to the
glaciologist’s estimate, how many centuries will it take
for ocean levels to rise by 33 inches?
34
In the xy-plane, the point (2, 4) lies on the graph of the
function g(x) = 2x2 − kx + 8. What is the value
of k ?
CONTINUE
53
4 4
35 q
Questions 37 and 38 refer to the following

A information.
120°
An entomologist is raising a certain species of fruit flies
B in an enclosure and currently has 400 of these fruit flies
in the enclosure. The population of the enclosure that the
O entomologist expects to have tomorrow, Ptomorrow, can be
C estimated based on the population today, Ptoday, using the
formula below.
 Ptoday 
( )
Ptomorrow = Ptoday + 0.4 Ptoday  1 −
 C 


The constant C in the equation represents the number of
In the figure above, O is the center of the circle, line
fruit flies that the enclosure can support.
segments AB and BC are tangent to the circle at A
and C, respectively, and the line segments intersect at
point B as shown. If the area of the circle is 54 and the
measure of ∠ABC is 120°, what is the area of the sector
AOC ?
37
The entomologist would like to increase the number of
fruit flies that the enclosure can contain to encourage
more rapid population growth. If the entomologist
36 would like to increase the number of fruit flies from
400 today to 528 tomorrow, how many fruit flies must
At a garage sale, Pamela and Ashley earned $350.
the modified enclosure be able to contain?
If Ashley earned $60 more than Pamela, how much
money, in dollars, did Pamela earn?
38
According to the formula, what will be the fruit fly
population in the enclosure two days from today if
C = 800 ? (Round your answer to the nearest whole
number.)
ST O P
54
4 4
55
SAT Essay
ESSAY BOOK
DIRECTIONS REMINDER
— Do not write your essay
The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively
in this booklet. Only what
you can read and comprehend a passage and write an essay
you write on the lined
analyzing the passage. In your essay you should demonstrate
pages of your answer
that you have read the passage carefully, present a clear and
booklet will be evaluated.
logical analysis, and use language precisely.
— An off-topic essay will not
Your essay must be written on the lines provided in your answer be evaluated.
sheet booklet; except for the planning page of the answer
booklet, you will receive no other paper on which to write.
You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid
wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable
size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your
handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that
what you are writing is legible to those readers.
You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay

in response to the prompt provided inside this booklet.
CONTINUE
56
As you read the passage below, consider how Helen Keller uses
• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

• reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.
• stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to
emotion, to add power to the ideas expressed.
Adapted from Helen Keller, “Strike Against War.” The speech was delivered at Carnegie Hall in
New York City on January 5, 1916.
1 The future of the world rests in the hands of America. The future of America rests on the
backs of 80,000,000 working men and women and their children. We are facing a grave
crisis in our national life. The few who profit from the labor of the masses want to organize
the workers into an army which will protect the interests of the capitalists. You are urged to
add to the heavy burdens you already bear the burden of a larger army and many additional
warships. It is in your power to refuse to carry the artillery and the dread-noughts and to
shake off some of the burdens, too, such as limousines, steam yachts and country estates. You
do not need to make a great noise about it. With the silence and dignity of creators you can
end wars and the system of selfishness and exploitation that causes wars. All you need to do
to bring about this stupendous revolution is to straighten up and fold your arms.
2 We are not preparing to defend our country. Even if we were as helpless as Congressman
Gardner says we are, we have no enemies foolhardy enough to attempt to invade the United
States. The talk about attack from Germany and Japan is absurd. Germany has its hands full
and will be busy with its own affairs for some generations after the European war is over.
Congress is not preparing to defend the people of the United States. It is planning to protect
the capital of American speculators and investors in Mexico, South America, China, and the
Philippine Islands. Incidentally this preparation will benefit the manufacturers of munitions
and war machines.
3 Until recently there were uses in the United States for the money taken from the workers.
But American labor is exploited almost to the limit now, and our national resources have all
been appropriated. Still the profits keep piling up new capital. Our flourishing industry in
implements of murder is filling the vaults of New York’s banks with gold. And a dollar that
is not being used to make a slave of some human being is not fulfilling its purpose in the
capitalistic scheme. That dollar must be invested in South America, Mexico, China, or the
Philippines. Every modern war has had its root in exploitation. The Civil War was fought to
decide whether the slaveholders of the South or the capitalists of the North should exploit
the West. The Spanish-American War decided that the United States should exploit Cuba and
the Philippines. The South African War decided that the British should exploit the diamond
mines. The Russo-Japanese War decided that Japan should exploit Korea. The present war is
to decide who shall exploit the Balkans, Turkey, Persia, Egypt, India, China, Africa. And we
are whetting our sword to scare the victors into sharing the spoils with us. Now, the workers
are not interested in the spoils; they will not get any of them anyway.
CONTINUE
57
4 Will the workers walk into this trap? Will they be fooled again? I am afraid so. The people
have always been amenable to oratory of this sort. The workers know they have no enemies
except their masters. They know that their citizenship papers are no warrant for the safety
of themselves or their wives and children. They know that honest sweat, persistent toil and
years of struggle bring them nothing worth holding on to, worth fighting for. Yet, deep down
in their foolish hearts they believe they have a country. Oh blind vanity of slaves!
5 We are not free unless the men who frame and execute the laws represent the interests of
the lives of the people and no other interest. The ballot does not make a free man out of a
wage slave. There has never existed a truly free and democratic nation in the world. From
time immemorial men have followed with blind loyalty the strong men who had the power
of money and of armies. Even while battlefields were piled high with their own dead they
have tilled the lands of the rulers and have been robbed of the fruits of their labor. They have
built palaces and pyramids, temples and cathedrals that held no real shrine of liberty. As
civilization has grown more complex the workers have become more and more enslaved, until
today they are little more than parts of the machines they operate. Daily they face the dangers
of railroad, bridge, skyscraper, freight train, stokehold, stockyard, lumber raft and mine.
Panting and training at the docks, on the railroads and underground and on the seas, they
move the traffic and pass from land to land the precious commodities that make it possible
for us to live. And what is their reward? A scanty wage, often poverty, rents, taxes, tributes
and war indemnities.
Write an essay in which you explain how Helen Keller builds an argument to persuade
those in her audience that their support of World War I is not in their best interest. In
your essay, analyze how Keller uses one or more of the features listed above (or features
of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of her argument. Be sure
that your analysis focuses on the most relevant aspects of the passage.
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Keller’s claims, but rather
explain how Keller builds an argument to persuade her audience.
END OF TEST
DO NOT RETURN TO A PREVIOUS SECTION.
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PRP # 01-0612

SAT Test 2

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SAT

6000 D) Lines 32-36 (“The plots . . . good”)

Adapted from Paul J. Silvia, “Emotional Response to Art”, published in the

A) grudgingly hinted. C) News media play a dominant role in the narrative,

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and unpredictable mixtures that are involved in trillions of A) NO CHANGE

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The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

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In the equation above, a, b, and c are constants. If the y

In the figure above, VZ || XY and segment XZ

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5 50m + 75n ≤ 3, 900

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5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded Acceptable ways to grid

Answer: 201 – either position is correct

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No Test Material On This Page

You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay

• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

DO NOT RETURN TO A PREVIOUS SECTION.

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