Computer aided design of helical gear by using Visual basic and Solidworks

(I) Iftekhar Alam [1], (II) S Sundar [2]

1

P.G. Scholar, Department of Mechanical engineering, SRM University Kattankulathur campus, Chennai, India, iftekharalam84@rediffmail.com
2

Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical engineering, SRM University Kattankulathur campus, Chennai, India, sundar_s@ktr.srmuniv.ac.in

Abstract- The CAD system used to model the 3D engineering components, the programmer or the designer takes a lot of time in designing a similar type of product with varying dimension of product. To minimize the time and incorporate different application and environmental condition, the paper is aimed at designing interactive computer graphic system software. The paper involves automated design and modeling of Helical Gear using programming and 3D modeling software in Visual Basic and SOLIDWORKS. It creates 3D model of the gear easily when a designer inputs data such as power transmission, pinion speed, helix angle, gear ratio etc. The design process is carried out by Visual Basic considering selection of gear material. Keywords: Computer aided Gear design, Modelling, Interfacing, and Database.

APIs. A CAD system can be seen as built up from the interaction a GUI with an Associative engine and Geometry constraint engine controlling BREP, CSG and NURBS geometry via a Geometric modelling kernel. Computer Aided design (CAD) involves creating computer models defined by geometrical

parameters. CAD may be used to design curves and figures in two-dimensional (2D) space or curves, surfaces, and solids in three-dimensional (3D)

objects. These models typically appear on a computer monitor as a three-dimensional

representation of a part or a system of parts, which can be readily altered by changing relevant parameters. CAD used is an in important industrial many applications,

art extensively

including automotive, shipbuilding, and aerospace I. INTRODUCTION CAD systems were as industries, industrial and architectural

design, prosthetics, and many more. CAD is also Originally software for developed
widely

used

to

produce computer

with computer language such

animation for special effects in movies, advertising and technical manuals. CAD systems enable designers to view objects under a wide variety of representations and to test these objects by simulating real-world conditions. Gears are machine elements that transmit motion by means of successively engaging teeth. It is

FORTRAN, but with the advancement of Objectoriented programming methods this has over the last decade or so radically changed. The

development of a typical modern Parametric feature based modeller and freedom surface systems are built around a number of key, C programming language, modules with their own

toothed wheel or cylinder used to transmit rotary or reciprocating motion from one part of a machine to another. Gears are used in cutting machine tools, automobiles, tractors, hoisting and modern power transmission requirements for greater loads and higher speeds have demanded improvements in tooth form, cutting methods, materials. It is obvious that the strength of gear teeth has to improve to meet increased loads, this is a design problem, which will be deal with as Computer Aided Design software is introduced to the design process of a gear system. Here we are designing the helical gear with the use of computer aided programme visual basics. The designer has choice of selection of material in visual basic programme, so geometric parameter of helical gear will vary upon the selection of materials. The selection of material will be done on the basis of application of helical gear in variety of industries. This geometrics dimension is further interfaced with solidworks to generate a 3D model of helical gear (driver and pinion). Further this generated Gear model is stored in a data base which can be retrieved as the need of designer. II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY For designing helical gear system, the following procedure is followed .Here the input condition for the helical gear system is considered as power, pinion speed, gear ratio, helix angle, life hour, service factor, pinion teeth, types of material. Us ing this input condition of the helical gear system, the following output are obtained- Bending stress, compressive stress, centre distance ,gear teeth, normal module, pinion diameter, gear diameter, axial pitch, pitch line velocity ,facial width, induced bending stress, induced compressive stress. All these output value are calculated in visual basic form (programming) using PSG design data book formula. The formulas used are as follows1. Bending stress= (1.4*KBL*EL)/(n*SCF)

2.

Compressive stress=CR*HRC*KCL or =CB*HB*KCL

Where, KBL -life factor for bending EL- endurance limit n -factor of safety SCF-stress concentration factor CR or CB - coefficient depending on the hardness. HB or HRC Brinell or Rockwell hardness number. KCL- life factor. KBL, EL, n, SCF, CR, HRC, CB, HB, KCL. These values are determined by using PSG design data book. 3. Centre distance = (I+1)*[((0.7/C.S) ^2)*((E*MT)/ (I* ))] ^ (1/3) 3(a). MT= K*K1KD*mt 3(b). mt= (P*60)/(2*3.14*P.S) Where, I - gear ratio C.S- compressive stress E -young modulus MT- design torque P-power P.S-pinion speed - Service factor K, K1KD, data book. 4. Gear teeth = I*Z1 5. Normal module = (2*A'*Cos )/ (Z1+Z2) 6. Pinion diameter = (MN*Z1)/Cos 7. Gear diameter = (MN*Z2)/Cos 8. Axial pitch = [((3.14*D1)/Z1)/Tan ] 9. Face width = *A - these values are taken from design surface

10. Pitch line velocity = (3.14*D1*P.S)/ (60*1000) 11. Induced bending Stress = [0.7(I+1)*MT1]/ (A*B*MN*YV) 12. Induced compressive stress = ((0.7*(I+1))/A)*(((I+1)*E*MT1)/ (I*B)) ^(1/2) Where Z1-Pinion teeth

Z2-gear teeth -helix angle A centre distance MN- normal module D1-pinion diameter D2-gear diameter A- Exact centre distance [(D1+D2)/2] B- Face width YV- Lewis factor MT1- revised design torque [if B>PA then K1KD=1.16*1.2] PA- Axial pitch.
Fig2 -form1 shows the input and output of helical gear system.

After designing the helical gear system, the helical gear is classified on the basis of duties viz. Heavy duties, moderate duties, and light duties. Each duty further classified as per application of any mechanism. These gear shows the suggested input value prescribed by the designer and if the user satisfied by the given values, he can get the output there itself. And if the user is not satisfied with the suggested value/prescribed value then he can open a new form (form2) where the user can provide the value according to his choice by clicking new command button in Form1.

Fig3 form2 shows user input value as per his choice. Fig1 shows the database & specification for different types of helical gear on basis of duties

The output value of Form1 & Form2 of visual basic is interfaced with the 3D modelling software SOLIDWORKS2009. So the shape of gear changes according to the input value in visual basic form.

IV. CONCLUSION    The design knowledge is incorporated in the software. Time required to model the helical gear is very less. It is easy to add or edit to improve the design due to attachment of database with visual basic.  Manual errors are eliminated.

V. FUTURE SCOPE The developed software can be further

Fig4-image showing the model prepared in solidworks2009

expanded to include generalized design of other gears as well as other product design.

Here exact model can be obtained in SOLIDWORKS modelling software by using the input and output value of helical gear system of VISUALBASICS. BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] J. Argyris, M. De Donno, F.L. Litvin (June 1999) Computer program in Visual Basic

language for simulation of meshing and contact of III.RESULTS gear drives and its application for design of worm gear drive The University of Illinois at Chicago,  Produce accurate and efficient helical gear model as a result of interactive computer graphics.  Provide substantial saving in time-for modeling different shape and size of helical gear, there is no need of modeling the gear from initial position in the modeling software, just providing the required input condition in visual basic form, get the desired shape and size of helical gear.  Computer aided programming and USA. [2] John A. Akpobi, Imafidon A. Lawani (April 2004) Computer Aided Design of Flywheels Journal of Elsevier, University of Benin, Nigeria. [3] V.B.Bhandari Design of Machine Elements, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. [4] T.J. Prabhu Design of Transmission

Elements. [5] PSG College of Technology Design Data, Kalaikathir Achchagam.

calculation of design formulas reduces the design process complexity and arduous task usually encountered in the design.