Name: Pranay Bhardwaj

Roll: 2019263

Environment modelling for the prediction of air pollution

AERMOD model

The United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) established a

regulatory modelling system called AERMOD to predict air pollution. It is an

all-terrain steady-state dispersion model that may be used in both simple

and complex terrain. It is built on the notions of planetary boundary layers

and Gaussian distributions. Numerous user-selected factors are necessary,

many of which call for strong judgement and meteorological knowledge.

Two pre-processors and the dispersion model itself make up the entire

AERMOD modelling system. A stand-alone application called AERMOD

meteorological preprocessor (AERMET) gives AERMOD the data it

requires to describe the condition of the surface and mixed layer as well as

the vertical structure of the PBL. The terrain pre-processor for AERMOD is

called AERMAP.
There are non-regulatory components to the AERMOD modeling system.

AERSURFACE is a tool created to estimate surface characteristics using

data on land use and land cover (LULC). AERSCREEN is an AERMOD

screening model that doesn't need precise weather or topographical data.

AERMINUTE is a tool that converts one minute of ASOS wind data into

hourly average winds for AERMET's Stage 2 input.

The following are some of the main attributes and abilities of AERMOD:

● Various types of terrain: simple and complex terrain

● Effects on buildings are managed via PRIME downwash algorithms.

● Treatment for plume dispersion: horizontal and vertical Gaussian

model treatment for stable atmospheres. Non-Gaussian approach for

unstable atmospheres in vertical

● Urban or rural areas might be source locations. Population scales

urban impacts.

Conclusion

AERMOD aims to modeling short-range dispersion from a variety of

polluting sources (such as point, area, and volume sources) utilising a

number of model configurations. Different combinations of urban or rural

dispersion coefficients as well as simple and complex topography are

included in these settings. It is the most advanced dispersion model for

regulatory purposes. The model has the capability to predict the

concentrations of pollutants at receptor sites at various time scales using

hourly sequential preprocessed meteorological data.

Environment modelling for the prediction of water pollution

WASP model

For a variety of pollution management choices, Water Quality Analysis

Simulation Program (WASP) model assists users in interpreting and

forecasting water quality reactions to natural events and human-made

pollution. It is software for simulating dynamic compartments in aquatic

systems, which includes both the water column and the underlying

benthos. The fundamental software simulates the time-varying processes

of advection, dispersion, point, and diffuse mass loading, and boundary

exchange.

Features and benefits of WASP

WASP enable users to look at various pollutant kinds, like one, two, and

three-dimensional systems. Sediment oxygen demand and nutrient flow

from the subsurface sediments are anticipated using the sediment

diagenesis model coupled with the Advanced Eutrophication submodel,

which is included in WASP. In the US and across the world, WASP is one of

the most often utilised water quality models. Since the model can handle a

variety of pollutant types, it has been extensively used in the creation of

Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL). As a result of WASP's ability to

connect with hydrodynamic and watershed models, multi-year analyses

under various meteorological and environmental circumstances are

possible.

WASP Preprocessor

The data preprocessor enables the quick creation of input datasets. The

preprocessor thoroughly describes all model variables and kinetic

constants. WASP can automatically import information about the

hydrodynamic model interface, import time series from spreadsheets and

text files, and perform multi-session, and run-time diagnostics.

WASP Post Processor

Results from every WASP model, as well as others, can be shown using

Post-Processor (MOVEM). MOVEM gives the modeller the choice of two

graphical representations for the results:

● Spatial Grid: It allows the user to review model results for the whole

network for a given constituent and time. This mode of graphical

representation of the model results are very effective in illustrating

model predictions to non-technical audiences.

● x/y Plots: The x/y plot style is an example of the standard way that

scientific data is shown. As much freedom as possible is given to the

user when creating x/y plots. Numerous variables, multiple model

results files, and observed vs model predictions can all be plotted by

the user concurrently.

Conclusion

Without having to write or rewrite significant amounts of computer code,

WASP can structure one, two, and three-dimensional models, specify

time-variable exchange coefficients, advective flows, waste loads, and

water quality boundary conditions, and permit tailored structuring of the

kinetic processes within the larger modelling framework. Users can also
create new kinetic or reactive structures. However, the modeller will need to

exercise an additional level of discretion, understanding, and programming

knowledge.

References:

1. AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (envirolink.govt.nz)

2. AERMOD

3. AERMOD Dispersion Model (mdpi.com)

4. Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) | US EPA

5. Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP)

(researchgate.net)