Social Justice – Value Addition

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 SOCIAL JUSTICE – VALUE ADDITION
Social Justice – Value Addition
READY RECKONER

INDEX

Sl. No. Topic Page No.

1. State of World Children Report 2021 1–1
2. Global Food Security Index 1–1
3. Vayo Naman Programme 1–1
4. India Rankings of Higher Eduction Institutes (HEIS), 2021 - 1–1
5. Saath Initiative 1 -1
6. The National Health Accounts (NHA) Estimates for India for 2017-18 1–1
7. Swachh Survekshan 2021 Report 2-2
8. Initiative on Creating Lakhpati SHG Women 2–2
9. World Inequality Report 2022 2–2
10. "She is a Changemaker' Programme 2–2
11. Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA) 2–2
Parliamentary Standing Committee (PSC) on "Reforms in Content and
12. Design of School Textbooks" Report
2–2
13. Padhe Bharat 2–2
Ministry of Education Launches NEAT 3.0 to Provide best-developed ed-
14. 3-3
tech Solutions
15. National Health Mission Launches Project Niramay 3–3
"SMILE: Support for Marginalised Individuals for Livelihood and
16. 3–3
Enterprise" Scheme
17. Scheme for Economic Empowerment of DNTs (SEED) 3–3
Scheme for Residential Education for Students in High Schools in
18. Targeted Areas (SHRESTHA)
3–3
19. Special Entrepreneurship Promotion Drive for Women- "SAMARTH" 3–4
20. Nari Shakti Puraskar 4-4
Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) 2020-
21. 21
4–4
PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge
22. 4–4
for Holistic Development)
23. 'Children in Street Situations (CiSS)' 4–4
24. 'Migration in India 2020-2021' Report 5-5
25. 'Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021' 5–5
26. Action Agenda on Internal Displacement 5–5
27. The State of Inequality in India Report' 5–6
28. National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) 6-6

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Social Justice – Value Addition

SOCIAL JUSTICE
1. STATE OF WORLD CHILDREN REPORT 4. INDIA RANKINGS OF HIGHER
2021 EDUCTION INSTITUTES (HEIS), 2021 -
 By UNICEF. Already covered under the topic NIRF
 How Covid-19 impacted mental
health of children. 5. SAATH INITIATIVE
 Around 14 percent of 15 to 24-  A Rural Enterprises Acceleration
year-olds in India reported often Programme SHG women.
feeling depressed.  To transform the lives of women
 Almost 46,000 adolescents die and make them independent and
from suicide each year, among the strong in social and financial
top five causes of death for their age aspects, by mentoring the women
group. associated with SHGs
 More than 1.6 billion children have
suffered some loss of education. 6. THE NATIONAL HEALTH ACCOUNTS
 Only about 2 per cent of (NHA) ESTIMATES FOR INDIA FOR
government health budgets are 2017-18
allocated to mental health.  Released by Ministry of Health &
Family Welfare.
2. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY INDEX
 Out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE)
 By London-based Economist Impact as a share of total health
 India is ranked at 71st position in expenditure & foreign aid for health
the Global Food Security (GFS) has both come down.
Index 2021 of 113 countries.  Increase in the share of
 Over the past 10 years, India’s government health expenditure in
incremental gains in overall food the total GDP from 1.15% in 2013-
security score were lagging behind 14 to 1.35% in 2017-18.
that of Pakistan, Nepal and  In 2017-18, the share of
Bangladesh. government expenditure was
 Pakistan scored better than India in 40.8%, which is much higher than
the food affordability category 28.6% in 2013-14.
3. VAYO NAMAN PROGRAMME  In per capita terms, the
 Ministry of Social Justice and government health expenditure
Empowerment has increased from Rs 1042 to
 The Vice President presented Rs.1753 between 2013-14 to 2017-
Vayoshreshtha Samman-2021 to 18.
senior citizens.  The primary and secondary care
 Launched two portals accounts for more than 80% of the
 SAGE (Senior care Aging Growth current Government health
Engine) expenditure.
 SACRED (Senior Able Citizens for  Foreign aid for health has come
Re-Employment in Dignity) on this down to 0.5%, showcasing India’s
occasion. economic self-reliance.
 LASI report of 2020 - more than  OOPE as a share of total health
50% of senior citizens are active expenditure coming down to
and therefore, it is very important 48.8% in 2017-18 from 64.2% in
to provide gainful employment 2013-14.
opportunities to them.

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Social Justice – Value Addition
7. SWACHH SURVEKSHAN 2021 REPORT
 An annual survey of cleanliness,
hygiene and sanitation in cities and
towns across India.
 launched as part of the Swachh
Bharat Abhiyan
 Largest cleanliness survey in the
world.
1. Indore - India’s Cleanest City
2. Chhattisgarh – cleanest state
 Under the Star Rating Protocol of
Garbage Free Cities, 9 cities were
certified as 5-star cities while 143
cities were certified as 3-star. 10.
8. INITIATIVE ON CREATING LAKHPATI
SHG WOMEN
 Ministry of Rural Development
 To enable rural SHG women to
earn at least Rs.1 lakh per
annum.
 Ministry has envisioned livelihood 11.
support to 25 million rural SHG
women in the next 2 years.
9. WORLD INEQUALITY REPORT 2022
 By World Inequality Lab
 The poorest half of the global 12.
population possessing just 2% of
the total wealth, whereas the
richest 10% of the global
population own 76%.
 The Middle East and North Africa
(MENA) are the most unequal
regions in the world, whereas
Europe has the lowest inequality
levels.
 Women’s share of total incomes
from work (labour income) was
about 30% in 1990 and is less than
35% now. 13.
 Over the past 40 years, countries
have become significantly richer,
but their governments have
become significantly poorer.
India Specific Findings:
1. The top 1% of the population hold
more than one-fifth of the total
national income in 2021 and the
bottom half just 13%.
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2. The economic reforms and
liberalization adopted by India have
mostly benefited the top 1%.
3. Economic reforms implemented
since the mid-1980s have led to rise
of severe inequalities.
4. The female labour income share is
equal to 18% which is significantly
lower than the average in Asia
[21%, excluding China] and this
value is one of the lowest in the
world.
"SHE IS A CHANGEMAKER'
PROGRAMME
 A pan-India capacity building
programme launched by the
National Commission for Women
 To improve leadership skills women
political leaders
ATAL RANKING OF INSTITUTIONS ON
INNOVATION ACHIEVEMENTS (ARIIA)
2. By Ministry of Education
3. More than quantity, ARIIA focuses
on quality of innovations
PARLIAMENTARY STANDING
COMMITTEE (PSC) ON "REFORMS IN
CONTENT AND DESIGN OF SCHOOL
TEXTBOOKS" REPORT
 Recently, a Parliamentary Standing
Committee tabled its Report on the
Reforms in Content and Design of
School Textbooks.
 The government is working to
rewrite history textbooks, to
remove ‘un-historical facts and
distortions about national heroes.
PADHE BHARAT
 Launched by Ministry of Education,
to promote local languages and
reading habit
 A 100 days reading campaign
 Is in alignment with the NEP 2020,
i.e. ensuring availability of age
appropriate reading books for
children in local Language.
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Social Justice – Value Addition
14. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION LAUNCHES notified, Nomadic, and Semi Nomadic
NEAT 3.0 TO PROVIDE BEST- Communities.
DEVELOPED ED-TECH SOLUTIONS
Who are the DNTs?
 To use technology for better
learning outcomes in Higher  Once notified under the Criminal
Education. Tribes Acts, enforced by the British
 Based on a PPP model between the Raj between l87l and I947.
Government and the Education Four components:
Technology (Ed-Tech) companies of 1. Provide coaching to appear in
India. competitive exams
 To bring the best technological 2. Provide health insurance
solutions in education pedagogy on 3. Facilitate livelihoods initiative at
a single platform community level
4. To provide financial assistance for
15. NATIONAL HEALTH MISSION construction of houses
LAUNCHES PROJECT NIRAMAY
 A step towards strengthening 18. SCHEME FOR RESIDENTIAL
public health delivery in the state EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS IN HIGH
of Assam SCHOOLS IN TARGETED AREAS
 The project works to strengthen the (SHRESTHA)
digital infrastructure that enables  By the Ministry of Social Justice
telemedicine interaction, rapid and Empowerment
diagnosis, patient recording, and  Aim: Providing quality education to
grassroots data collection students of SC Category (below
2.5 lakh income group)
16. "SMILE: SUPPORT FOR
 Admission will be provided in Class
MARGINALISED INDIVIDUALS FOR
9 and Class 11 of CBSE affiliated
LIVELIHOOD AND ENTERPRISE"
private schools.
SCHEME
 Selection through National
 Ministry of Social Justice and
Entrance Test for SHRESHTA
Empowerment
(NETS).
 Comprehensive scheme for persons
Other Related Initiatives for SCs
engaged in the act of begging.
 Babu Jagjivan Ram Chhatrawas
 Existing shelter homes available
Yojana
with the State/UT Governments can
be used for rehabilitation of the  Post Matric scholarship schemes for
persons engaged in the act of SC
Begging.  Single National Scholarship Scheme

Status of Beggars In India: 19. SPECIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

 Census 2011 - Total number of
beggars in India is 4,13,670 and the
number has increased from the last
census.
 West Bengal tops the chart followed
by Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
17. SCHEME FOR ECONOMIC
EMPOWERMENT OF DNTS (SEED)
The Minister of Social Justice and
Empowerment has launched the Scheme
for Economic Empowerment of De-
PROMOTION DRIVE FOR WOMEN-
"SAMARTH"
 BY the Ministry for MSMEs
 More than 7500 women candidates
from rural and sub- urban areas
will be trained in the FY 2022-23.
 20% Seats in free Skill Development
Programs – will be allocated for
women
 20% of MSME Business Delegations
sent to exhibitions – to be owned by
women

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Social Justice – Value Addition
DATA RELATED TO GENDER 2. The Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR):
INEQUALITY: Showing an improvement since
According to the UN 2018-19
(i) Legal restrictions have kept 2.7  26 – Primary
billion women from accessing the  19 - Upper Primary
same choice of jobs as men.  18 – Secondary
(ii) As of 2019, less than 25% of  26 - Higher Secondary.
parliamentarians were women. 3. Infrastructure:
(iii) One in three women experience  Now 84% of the total schools
gender-based violence. have functional electricity.
 ILO - In 2019 female LFPR in  95% of Schools have
India was 20.5%. (Males was functional drinking water
76%) facilities
 NFHS-5 - 57% women aged  93% schools have functional
15-49 were anaemic in 2019- girl’s toilet facility
21, compared to 53% in  3.7 lakh schools – internet
2015-16. connectivity & 6 lakh schools
20. NARI SHAKTI PURASKAR have computers
 Highest Civilian Honour for Due to Covid-19, in 2020-21, 40 lakh
Women in India. students of government aided, private
 Showcase the Government’s school students moved to Government
commitment towards women schools.
 It will also make Young Indians to
understand the contribution of 22. PARAKH (PERFORMANCE
women in building the nation. ASSESSMENT, REVIEW, AND
 SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE FOR
empower all women and girls. HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT)
 National Assessment Centre.
21. UNIFIED DISTRICT INFORMATION  Included in NEP
SYSTEM FOR EDUCATION PLUS  Independent and autonomous
(UDISE+) 2020-21 institution under the Mo Education
 A system of online data collection  Will set standards for the around
from the schools. 60 examination boards in the
 Aimed to overcome the issues country.
related to erstwhile practice of
manual data filling in paper format 23. 'CHILDREN IN STREET SITUATIONS
(CISS)'
Highlights of the Report:
 A mobile app launched by National
 In 2020-21 total students – in
Commission for the Protection of
primary + higher secondary stood at
Child Rights (NCPCR)
25.38 crore.
 Used for receiving data of children
1. Gross Enrolment Ratio
in street situations from all the
 Improved in 2020-21 at all
states and union territories,
levels of school education
tracking their rescue and
compared to 2019-20.
rehabilitation process.
 96.96 lakh teachers are
 It also provides a platform for
engaged in school education
professionals and organizations to
during 2020-21.
provide any help that they can to
 In 2020-21 over 12.2 crore
children in need.
girls are enrolled in primary
to higher secondary

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Social Justice – Value Addition
24. 'MIGRATION IN INDIA 2020-2021'
REPORT
 By Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation
 The report separates the categories
of ‘temporary visitors’ and
‘migrants’.
 ‘Temporary visitors’: ones who
arrived in households after March
2020 and stayed continuously for a
period of 15 days or more but less
than 6 months,
 Migrants: One whose last usual 26.
place of residence, any time in the
past, is different from the present
place of enumeration.
 The all-India migration rate was
28.9 per cent in July-June 2020-
21, with:
 26.5 percent migration rate in rural
areas and
 34.9 per cent in urban areas.
 Females recorded a higher share of
migration rate of 47.9 percent, with:
 48 per cent in rural areas and
 47.8 per cent in urban areas.
 Reason for migration: Among
females, the highest level of
migration rate was seen at 86.8
percent for marriage,
 The migration rate for males was
seen at 10.7 per cent, with:
 5.9 per cent in rural areas and
 22.5 per cent in urban areas.
 Reason for migration: 49.6 percent
of the males migrated in search of
employment
25. 'GLOBAL TRENDS: FORCED
DISPLACEMENT IN 2021'
 Report was published by United
27.
Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR).
 Globally 100 million people were
forced to flee their homes last year
due various conflicts, climate
change and food security.
 There were 23.7 million new
internal displacements globally
due to disasters (these are in
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addition to those internally
displaced due to conflict and
violence)
 The largest displacements in the
context of disasters in 2021
occurred in China (6.0 million), the
Philippines (5.7 million), and India
(4.9 million).
 The number of people forced to flee
their homes has increased every
year over the past decade
ACTION AGENDA ON INTERNAL
DISPLACEMENT
 Launched by UNGA
 It sets out 31 commitments by the
UN system
 The number of Internally Displaced
Persons have more than doubled
over the last 10 years.
Three goals:
(i) To help internally displaced
persons find durable solutions
(ii) To better prevent future
displacement crises
(iii) To ensure stronger protection and
assistance for those currently
facing displacement.
India
 According to Internal Displacement
Monitoring Centre 2021, India
witnessed around 5 million internal
displacements last year.
 India has a policy in place for dam-
displaced people. But it does not
have one for those displaced by
political conflict or environmental
reasons.
THE STATE OF INEQUALITY IN INDIA
REPORT'
 Released by Economic Advisory
Council to the Prime Minister
 Compiles information on inequities
across sectors of health, education,
household characteristics and the
labour market.
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Social Justice – Value Addition
Unemployment Rate:
 India’s unemployment rate is 4.8%
(2019-20), and the worker
population ratio is 46.8%.
 In 2019-20, among different
employment categories, the highest
percentage was self-employed
workers (45.78%), followed by
regular salaried workers (33.5%)
and casual workers (20.71%).
 The share of self-employed workers
- highest in the lowest income
categories
28. NATIONAL FAMILY HEALTH SURVEY-5
(2019-21)
 97% of households have electricity
access
 70% have improved access to
sanitation
 96% have access to safe drinking
water.
Health:
 70% of women received antenatal
check-ups in the first trimester
 78% of women received postnatal
care from a doctor or auxiliary
nurse within two days of delivery
Miscellaneous
 Sex Ratio: 1,020 women for every
1000 men in the nation from 2019
to 2021.
 Sex Ratio at Birth:
 India continues to have a sex ratio
at birth (SRB) that is more biased
toward boys than the natural SRB
(which is 952 girls per 1000 boys).
 The biggest states with low SRB
include Uttar Pradesh, Haryana,
Punjab, Rajasthan, Bihar, Delhi,
Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Odisha, and Maharashtra.
 Total Fertility Rate (TFR):
 TFR was 2, barely below the
replacement fertility rate of 2.1. In
rural regions, the TFR remains at
2.1.
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 In urban areas, TFR had gone below
the replacement fertility rate in the
2015-16 NFHS itself.
 Children's Nutrition:
 Stunting decreasing from 38
percent to 36 percent
 wasting decreasing from 21 percent
to 19 percent
 underweight decreasing from 36
percent to 32 percent
 Overweight youngsters have
climbed from 2.1 percent to 3.4
percent.
 Anaemia: The incidence of anaemia
in children under the age of five
(from 58.6 to 67 percent), women
(53.1 to 57 percent), and males
(22.7 to 25 percent) has increased
in all Indian states (20 percent -40
percent incidence is considered
moderate).
 Institutional births:
 from 79 percent to 89 percent at the
national level
 Increase in C-section deliveries in
several states/UTs, particularly in
private health institutions.
 Family Planning: The overall
contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR)
in India has improved significantly
from 54% to 67%, with the
exception of Punjab.
 Women Empowerment:
 women operating bank accounts
from 53% to 79% at all-India level
 More than 70% of women in every
state and UTs in the second phase
have operational bank accounts.
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