Communication

c
f 
Distress (Mayday Mayday Mayday): Serious and/or imminent danger and requiring immediate
assistance.
Urgency (Pan Pan Pan): Concern the SAFETY but which does NOT require immediate assistance.
7500 -> HIJACK
7600 -> NO RADIO
7700 -> DISTRESS
Class A - accurate within 9.3 km (5 NM) - bearings are accurate to ±2°,
Class B - accurate within 37 km (20 NM) - bearings are accurate to ±5°,
Class C - accurate within 92 km (50 NM) - bearings are accurate to ±10°,
Class D - accuracy is less than Class C.
Test transmissions should include the identity of the station being called, the aircraft call sign,
the words RADIO CHECK and the frequency being used. E.g. 'GATWICK GROUND EASY 1234
RADIO CHECK 121.8'
CAVOK means the visibility is 10km or more, there is no cloud below 5,000ft AAL (above
aerodrome level) or below the highest minimum sector altitude (MSA), whichever is greater, no
CB’s or TCU, and no significant weather (rain, snow,fog, etc).
HF for aviation is 2850 to 22000 KHz
RVR: Touchdown, Mid-point and Stop end
Readability: 1 - UNREADABLE
2 - Readable NOW AND THEN
3 - Readable WITH DIFFICULTY
4 - READABLE
5 - PERFECTLY readable

“FINAL” is within 7km, 4NM, from touchdown.

“LONG FINAL” is made about 15km, 8NM, from touchdown.
ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service (updated every 30 min)
QDR: Magnetic bearing from the station
QDM: Magnetic bearing to the station
QTE: True bearing from the station
QUJ: is the true bearing to the station

Radar Vectors to Final Approach

Surveillance Radar Approach (SAR) Verbal instructions on position relative to centreline and
advisory height info
Precision Radar Approach (PAR) Verbal instructions on position relative to centreline and high
or low on the glidepath