1.

Java 8 Features
Lambda expression
@FunctionalInterface
Change to interface syntax
- Ambiguity
forEach
Streams

-Changes to Collection:
1. removeIf() to Collection
2. forEachRemaining() to Iterator
3. sort(Comparator) to List
4. HashMap improvements - it now uses "Balanced Tree" insteadof LinkedList.
5. new methods added to HashMap
6. forEach
7. Arrays.parallelSort()
8. SplitIterator

-StringJoiner

-Optional

-Java Time API

-Java Nashorn
Nashorn is a JavaScript engine.

-Java Base64 Encode and Decode

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2. Stream operations

Streams are sequence of elements which are retrived from the underlying
Collection - on which we can apply sequence/parallel of operations.
These operations are of 2 types
1. Intermediate operation - results in Stream by which we can form pipeline
of intermediate operations
2. Terminate operation

1. Intermediate operations
filter() - to filter based on condition
map() - apply given statement
flatMap()
unsorted()

sorted()
sorted(Comparator)
distinct()
limit(max)

2. Terminal operations
count()
sum()
average()
Optional max(Comparator)
Optional min(Comparator)
 findFirst()
findAny()
orElse()

mapToInt()

collector(
Collectors.toList()
.toSet()
.toMap()
.summingInt(...)
.averagingInt(...)
.joining(", ")
)
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3. Lambda Syntax evolution

Technically Lambda expression is equivalent to an anonymous class definition -

there is an anonymous object involved with every Lambda expression.

1: Skip access-specifier
2: Skip return-type (Java knows it by refering the related
@FunctionalInterface)
3: Skip method-name
4: Lambda syntax: () -> {};
5: for one-liner Skip {}
6: for one-liner Skip return
7: Skip argument types (Java knows it by refering the related
@FunctionalInterface)
8: for one-argument we can also Skip ()
Eg: s -> s.length()
9: Method Reference
Eg: System.out::println
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4. Hibernate Topics
What is Hibernate? ORM?
Hibernate architecture
Hibernate features
Hibernate Dialects
Advantage of Hibernate over JDBC?
Key interfaces of Hibernate
--Persistent Life cycle
Configuration in Hibernate
- Hibernate sample code
Criteria
Query
session.createQuery
session.createSQLQuery
.list()
.scroll()
.executeUpdate()
get() vs load()
persist() vs save() vs saveOrUpdate()
update() vs merge()
update() vs lock()
 openSession() vs getCurrentSession() ?
Fetching strategies
Hibernate Caching
- Caching strategies
@Immutable
How to show generated Hibernate SQL?
Composite Primary-Key
How to call SP?
How to connect Multiple DBs?
Hibernate Pagination?
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5. Spring Topics
What is Spring Framework?
Spring is an light-weight open-source framework that facilitates easy
Java/J2EE development.
Spring Framework is created to address the complexity involved in the
Java/J2EE application development.
Spring framework is very popular in the market because of its features like
DI
AOP
Light-weight POJO based development.
Spring is layered architecture that comes with various Modules and we can
choose on our project demand.
Spring is considered as Frameworks of Framework.
Spring features?
Spring Modules?
DI? advantages?
IoC Container
<beans>
-BeanFactory
-ApplicationContext
Types of injection
- Constructor Injection
- Setter Injection
Autowired?
different Modes of Autowiring?
What is Spring configuration file?
What is a Spring Bean?
What are different ways to configure a class as Spring Bean?
<bean> scope?
<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scan base-package="base.package">
@Qualifier
@Required
Steps to create J2EE application using Spring
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer

Spring MVC flow

Steps to create Spring MVC application
ContextLoaderListener
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6. Spring Boot Topics

Spring Boot?
AutoConfiguration?
spring-boot-starter-parent
 spring-boot-starter-web
Steps to create Spring Boot Web Application?
Various way of creating Spring Boot Application
Spring Boot Data
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
CrudRepository
Spring Boot Customization
application.properties
Connecting Multiple DBs
How to run spring boot application through command line?
How to deploy Spring Boot Application to external Webservers?
SpringBootServletInitializer
Creating JSPs?
Spring Boot Actuator
HAL browser
@ConfigurationProperties
How to use 'Undertow' or 'Jetty' as Embedded servers?
Spring Boot devTools
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7. Java 5, 6 & 7 Features

- Java 5
1.Autoboxing / Unboxing
2.for-each
3.Generics
4.Annotation
5.Java concurrent - "java.util.concurrent"
- Executor Framework
- Callable
- Future
6. Variable arguments
7. static import

- Java 6
Common Annotations (JSR 250)
Java API for XML Based Web Services – 2.0 (JSR 224)
JAXB 2.0 (JSR 222)
Web Services Metadata (JSR 181)
Streaming API for XML (JSR 173)

- Java 7
1. String literal in switch
2. Binary literal
int mask = Integer.parseInt("10001", 2); // old_way
int mask1 = 0b10001; // new way
3. Underscore between numeric literals
int oneMillion_ = 1_000_000; // new_way
4. Diamond Syntax - Simplifies Collection declaration
Map<Integer, List<String>> list = new HashMap<Integer,
List<String>>();
// new way
Map<Integer, List<String>> list1 = new HashMap<>();
5. Catching Multiple Exception Types
6. Try with Resource
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8. MongoDB Operations
 - Show all Databases
- Current Database
- Create Database
- Drop Database
- Create Collection
- Delete Collection
- Insert Document to Collection
- Query Documents - AND, OR, Logical-Operator
- Delete Document
- Update Document

-- Spring App to connect Mongo DB

@Document(collection="coll")

@Field

@Id
@Indexed
@Indexed(unique=true)
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9. Hibernate Annotation

@Entity
@Table (name="USER_DETAILS")

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)

@Column(name="BOOK_NAME",
length=80,
nullable=false,
unique=true)
String bookName;

@Temporal (TemporalType.DATE)
- TemporalType.TIME
- TemporalType.TIMESTAMP - // default

@Lob

@Transient

@OrderBy

@SequenceGenerator

@DynamicUpdate
@DynamicInsert
@SelectBeforeUpdate

@Immutable

@Embeddable
@Embedded
@EmbeddedId

-----
 @JoinColumn(name="DEPT_CODE", referencedColumnName="DEPT_ID")

@JoinColumns({
@JoinColumn(name="ADDR_ID", referencedColumnName="ID"),
@JoinColumn(name="ADDR_ZIP", referencedColumnName="ZIP")
})

Emp {

...

@OneToOne
@JoinColumn(name="EMP_DET_ID")
EmpDetails empDetails;
}

Emp {
...

@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name="DEPT_ID")
Dept dept;
}

Dept {
...

@OneToMany
@JoinColumn(name="EMP_ID")
Set<Emp> emps;
}

@JoinTable

@ManyToMany

- All the Mapping annotation supports:

cascade=CascadeType.ALL
fetch=FetchType.LAZY
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10. Spring Annotation

@Component
@Service
@Controller
@Repository

@Autowired
@Qualifier

@Inject
@PostConstruct
@PreDestroy

@Lazy
 @DependsOn

@ProperySource
PropertyPlaceHolderConfigurer

@Value

@Configuration
@ComponentScan
@Bean
@Import
@ImportResource

<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scan base-package="base.package">

@Async
@Scheduled
// To Enable Spring TaskExecutor
<task:annotation-driven>

@Transactional
<tx:annotation-driven />

JUnit
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration

-----

@RestController

@RequestMapping

@RequestParam

@ResponseBody

@RequestBody

@PathVariable

@RequestHeader

@ModelAttribute
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11. JUnit / Mockito

@Test

@BeforeClass (static method)

@AfterClass (static method)

@Before
@After

@Ignore
 ---

@RunWith(org.junit.runner.JUnitCore) // default

---

Spring
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes={AppConfig.class, TestConfig.class})

---

@Mock

@InjectMock

-when( obj.call(any(Class.class) ).thenReturn()

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
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12. REST
What is REST?
REST stands for REprestational State Transfer is an architectual style
(set of principles) to develop distributed systems.
REST style is well utilized by Webservice and REST Service are more
popular now and fastly replaced (heavy-weight) SOAP Webservices.
REST is not very new technology - its a set of principle applied over
the existing technologies to create better and faster services..
HTTP, HTTP Methods, URI.
With REST everything is considered as a Resource - an Object, DB Table,
Image..
and each Resource is given an unique URI.
HTTP Methods are well utilized for Resource exposure.
Idempotence
REST principles on HTTP Methods?
JAX-RS?
JAX-RS implementation?
Jersey
RESTEasy
JAX-RS Annotations?
@Path @Get @Post @Delete @Put @Cosumes @Produce @PathParam @QueryParam

How to build REST Webservice using JAX-RS?

How to build REST Webservice using Spring?

REST Client?
HttpURLConnection
RestTemplate

GSON
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13. SOAP
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SOAP vs REST
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14. J2EE
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15. Design Patterns

-Creational Pattern
1. Singleton Pattern
java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime()
Spring Container default
2. Factory Pattern
Integer.valueOf()
java.util.Calendar.getInstance()
3. Abstract Factory Pattern
Factory of Factory Pattern
4. Prototype Pattern
java.lang.Object#clone()
5. Builder Pattern
java.lang.StringBuilder#append() (unsynchronized)
java.lang.StringBuffer#append() (synchronized)

-Structural Pattern
1. Adapter Pattern
Wrapper classes (Integer) - the Primary types are handled as
Objects
2. Decorator Pattern
java.util.Collections, the checkedXXX(), synchronizedXXX() and
unmodifiableXXX() methods.
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper and
HttpServletResponseWrapper.
3. Facade Pattern
Facade Design Pattern is one of the Structural design patterns.
Facade design pattern is used to help client applications to easily interact with
the system.
4. Filter Pattern
"Criteria" object in Hibernate is a best example.
5. Flyweight Pattern
Java String literal pool
String str = "Raja";
java.lang.Integer.valueOf(int)
6. Proxy pattern
java.lang.reflect.Proxy
java.rmi.*
javax.persistence.PersistenceContext
7. Composite pattern

-Behavioral Pattern
1. Chain of Responsibility pattern
Servlet Filters
try-catch (multiple catch)
2. Iterator pattern
3. Memento pattern
java.io.Serializable
4. Observer pattern
 Event Listeners:
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener
5. Strategy pattern
java.util.Comparator#compare(), executed by among others
Collections#sort().
6. State pattern
Java Threads life-cycle
7. Command Pattern

-J2EE Patterns
1. Front Controller
2. MVC
3. Business Object Pattern (BOM)
4. Data Transfer Object (DTO)
5. Data Access Object (DAO)
6. Intercepting Filter
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16. Java Core

Core principles of OOPS?

Explain
Polymorphism in Java?
super?
this?
How Java achieves platform independency
Final String
Singleton class
Access Specifiers?
Access Modifiers?
Interface?
Interface vs Abstract class
Constructor
static import
initalization block
Comparable vs Comparator
How to make sure that Childclass method overrides the method of the
superclass?
What are the methods in Object class?
Java Garbage Collection?
Does garbage collection guarantee that a program will not run out of memory ?
Java finalization
Marker interface
Java Synchronization
Serialization
Exception?
Exception hirerachy
Checked Exceptions Vs Unchecked Exceptions in Java?
Narrowing down Exception?
Keywords of Exception handling
Java 7: Multiple catch
Error vs Exception
hashCode() and equals()?
Cloneable
inner class
Singleton class?
String Vs StringBuffer Vs StringBuilder?
 ClassNotFoundException vs NoClassDefFoundError?
Wrapper class
String common methods
Collection Vs Collections
Hashtable Vs HashMap
Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3)
Immutable-Class - Immutable-Reference - Immutable-Parameter
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JCF?
List
Set
How Hashtable works?
equals() vs hashcode()
iterator -- Traversing object
- remove()
ArrayList vs Vector
LinkedList use case -- ToDo List
What is Fail Fast in Iterator?
ListIterator
How to convert array to List?
How do you traverse through a collection using its Iterator?
Map implementations
Hashtable is a Map implementations
Hashtable vs HashMap
• Iterator in HashMap is fail-fast where as enumerator for the Hashtable
is not.

keySet()
values()
entrySet()

How do you sort an ArrayList (or any list) of user-defined objects ?

How can you convert Map to List?
Where will you use Hashtable and where will you use HashMap?

ConcurrentHashMap

CopyOnWriteArray

BlockingQueue
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What is MultiThreading?
What is Thread?
How to create Threads in Java?
--Thread life-cycle
Java synchronization
Class level synchronization
Deadlock?
- Sample code
- How to avoid it?
Demon Thread

wait() vs sleep()

Inter-thread communication
 wait(), notify() and notifyAll()

Producer Consumer problem

- BlockingQueue

Executor Framework
- ExecutorSevice
newCachedThreadPool
fixedCachedThreadPool
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Learnings:

1. is Lambda Expression an object?

- Yes, with every Lambda Expression, there is an object involved internally -
an Anonymous object.
- Technically, Lambda Expression is an equivalent to an Anonymous class
definition.

2. Streams

- Streams doesn't modify the underlying collection data. It takes a copy of

the data and operates over it and produce the results.

- How parallelStream() works?

Java 8 internally uses Threads (Fork-Join mechanism) to handle Parallel
processing of Streams.

- Can we use parallelStream() always?

parallelStream() brings in parallel processing - but that doesn't mean
we must use always - There are significant process involved for paralled processing
such as creating and handling Threads using Fork-Join.

So, its wise to use parallelStream() for operating huge amount of data.

For collections with less data - we shall always go for sequential

stream().

- use-case for .map() ?

transform/map one object into other by applying a function.

Eg: In a empList get Employee Full name whose age is > 40

empList.stream()
.filter(e -> e.getAge > 40)
.map(e -> e.getFirstName() + " " + e.getLastName())
.collect(Collectors.toList());

Eg: Replace a Emp with firstName as "Raja" by the givenName

empList.stream()
.map(e -> "Raja".equals(e.getFirstName())?
personToReplace : e)
.collect(Collectors.toList());

- flatMap()
flatMap converts the Stream of collections, say Stream<Set<String>>
into a flat Stream Stream<String>.
3. MongoDB handling in Spring Boot
- The APIs to handle MongoDB connection are directly from 'Spring Boot
Framework' itself - it is no way related to JPA.
Annotations such as
@Document
@Id (_id)
@Indexed
are from Spring libraries.

4. POST vs PUT
- save() vs saveOrUpdate()

---
Microservice - Each of the 'Service' in a Microservice Architecture is Autonomous -
means it can independendly Developed, Deployed, Managed and Scaled, without
affecting the functioning of other services.

Each Service owns its data (DB) which is not shared with other services.
If any other service needs to access these data, it must communicate with the
owning service.

Advantages:
Flexible Scaling