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Detection Of Paddy Disease Symptoms: Meta-Analysis Review

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 Solid State Technology
Volume: 63 Issue: 6
Publication Year: 2020

Detection Of Paddy Disease Symptoms: Meta-Analysis

Review
Wan Hanim Nadrah Binti Wan Muda,
University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia/Department of Professional Education, Johor, Malaysia
Yosza Bin Dasril,
University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia /Postgraduare Department Johor, Malaysia
Rosziati Binti Ibrahim,
University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia/ Department of Software Engineering, Johor, Malaysia
Nik Shahidah Afifi Binti Md. Taujuddin
University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia/Department of Electronic Engineering, Johor, Malaysia

Abstract - Rice is an important crop globally and it is one of the most utilized food plants and widely grown originated in
ASIA. However there are so much reason the paddy rice production become slow and less productive. Meta –analysis was
used to review the detection of paddy disease literature. Fourteen journals from various sources had been selected in this
study to analysis and synthesis the paddy disease symptoms and detection tools used. Findings of this study shows that
the most popular disease that attacked paddy production in the world are bacterial leaf blight, brown spot disease, and
leaf blast disease. The most common classification tools used based on the analysis of fourteen journals are Neural
Network (NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). This study suggest to further research in this area focusing on
prediction harvesting production and holistic crop management to assist farmers and researchers find the best solution to
help the production of paddy globally.
Index Terms—Meta-analysis, paddy disease, detection

INTRODUCTION
All over the world of agriculture sector,paddy or rice plants are facing major problem due to diseases which effect the
production of the crops. Quality and quantity of paddy production have turn into a nightmare especially for those
countries that primarily income for the counties when the diseases can cause the reduction of productivity. Paddy is one of
the nation’s most important product as it is considered as a staple food for certain countries.
A diseases are occurrence of the change from normal to worse operative of the paddy or the part that can be affected by
the causing agent like fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes [1]. The diseases are characterized by different symptoms
that could be monitored the leaves or stem of the paddy. Observing plant to spotting diseases is an important steps in
effective cultivation. To monitoring and consulting farmers normally required large numbers of experts to analyse whole
paddy fields. According to [2] some experts usually generalize a certain area of the field that maybe infected. [2] also
revealed that the hardness of farmers need to face because of the lack the expertise know-how knowledge on detecting
paddy disease.
This study had conducted to come out with meta-analysis structured literature to investigate and analyzing the detection of
paddy disease from all over the world.
A. Paddy Diseases
During the paddy growth, the diseases that occur in the plant are the problem encountered by the farmer which cause a big
harm [3]. The diseases can affect the paddy in the different stages of growth and all part of the plants. As been stated in
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[4] Ghana loss 30% of its annual crops yields to pests and bug infestation in 2015. There are a lot of paddy disease had
been found from the literature. According to [5] in Indonesia paddy fields exposed to been attacked by four major paddy
diseases; tungro, brown spot, leaf blast and leaf blight. In Sri Lanka [6] identified also three major diseases known as
blast, sheath blight and brown spot. Research from [7] from India has recognized various kind of paddy leaf diseases such
as bacterial blight, brown spot, leaf scald and leaf blast.

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 Solid State Technology
Volume: 63 Issue: 6
Publication Year: 2020
Findings from [8] indicated that the symptoms of the disease on the leaf appear first in the shape of burned water points
later turn into rhombus-shaped spots which are tipped at the end.

B. Classification and Detection of Disease

Traditionally, the manual detection of diseases is naked eye observation of experts or farmers which take more time and
quite costly for large scale field. In certain developing countries, farmers have to contact the experts sometimes distances
from their places to do the monitoring process using observation which are time consuming and very expensive [9]. This
findings is similar with [10] stated that a group of specialist nonstop checking of paddy is required which high costing
when apply with vast ranches.
Automatic detection of several diseases can be detected with the support of image processing [11].Most of the previous
research; eleven from fourteen journal referred had used the same basic process of the proposed system to diagnose the
paddy diseases. Figure I shows the process of the proposed system.

Figure I: Process of the proposed system

As general, those authors of eleven papers choose different type of tools to acquisition the image such as mobile phone or
digital camera. The image are moves to the computer and a few step of processing the image had applied.
At this point, the image will be selected and remove unwanted noise. Image smoothing is done using smoothing filter.
This step also includes image enhancement. The third step is image segmentation which most of them using K-means
Clustering algorithm. RGB image converted into HSV used by [12] and Fuzzy clustering was selected by [13]. Some
parameters are used to detect the structures from the leaf by using feature extraction. At last, the final step are
classification technique used to differentiate the classes of disease which are affected.
METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS
This study was used quantitative approach and fourteen journal papers had been chosen as materials to be analyzed. These
journals were selected from year 2013-2019 and they are from numerous countries such as India, Malaysia, Iran, Greece,
Spain, Portugal, Indonesia and Africa.
Meta-analysis has an ability to integrate the results from various small studies that may have been under-powered to detect
a statistically significant differences in effect of an intervention [14]. This method are tool to combine results from similar
studies and patent. Table I shows meta-analysis of Paddy diseases detection.
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Table I: Paddy Disease and Detection Tools

Paper Disease Classification
tools
1) S. Ramesh and D. Vydeki, “Rice Blast Rice brown leaf spot disease Machine
Disease Detection and Classification using Learning

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 Solid State Technology
Volume: 63 Issue: 6
Publication Year: 2020
Machine Learning Algorithm,” (2018) Algorithm (K-
means
Clustering)
2) T. Gayathri Devi and P. Neelamegam Brown Spot and Leaf Blast K-mean
“Paddy Leaf Disease Detection Using Disease clustering
SVM with BFN Classifier,” (2017) SVM and
RBFN, BPN,
RBFN, GRNN
3) Abdul Kahar, , M. A., Mutalib, S. and Bacterial Leaf Blight, Leaf Neural
Abdul-Rahman, S. “Early Detection and Blast Disease, Network (NN)
Classification of Paddy Diseases with Neural Bacterial Sheath Blight and Fuzzy
Network and Fuzzy Logic,” (2015) Logic
4) N. Neelaveni and S. Rajeswari. “Paddy Leaf Paddy Blast, Bacterial Leaf K- means
Disease Detection Classification and Blight, Clustering,
Remedy Finder using K means Clustering Rice tungro disease, Sheath Data Mining
and Image Mining,” (2016) Blight. technique,
ANN
5) Larijani, M.R. Asli-Ardeh, E.A., Kozegar, Rice Leaf Blast Disease K-nearest
E. and Loni, R. “Evaluation of Image neigbors
Processing Technique in Identifying Rice (KNN)
Blast Disease in Field Conditions based on Algorithm and
KNN Algorithm Improvement by K-means,” K-means
(2019) algorithm
6) S. Meivel, G. Kalaiarasi, P. Brindha, Bacterial Blight, Bacterial Leaf Matlab, SVM
K. Kowsalya, C. Jibetha Veerakumari. Streak, Foot
“Disease Detection of Paddy Crops using rot and Grain rot
UAV Image Analysis,” (2017)
7) R. Deshmukh and M. Deshmukh. “Detection Paddy blast and brown spot K- means
of Paddy Leaf Disease,” (2015) disease Clustering,
ANN- BPNN
8) S. Ramesh and D. Vydeki. “Recognition Bacterial blight, brown spot, Optimized
and Classfication of Paddy Leaf Disease sheath rot and blast Deep Neural
using Optimized Deep Neural Network disease Network with
with Jaya Algorithm,” (2019) Jaya
Algorithm
9) D.F. Nettleton, D. Katsontonis, Rice Blast disease Machine
A. Kalaitzidis, N. Sarafijanovic-Djukic, P. Learning and
Puigdollers and R. Confalonieri. “Predicting Process-based
Rice Blast Disease: Machine Learning versus Models
Process-based Models,”
(2019)
10) R.P. Narmadha and G. Arivadivu. Blast disease, Brown Spot K-mean
“Detection and Measurement of Paddy disease, Clustering
Leaf Disease Symptoms using Image Narrow Brown Spot disease ANN and SVM
Processing,” (2017)
11) P.K. Sethy, N. K. Barpanda, A. K. Rath. Brown Spot, Bacterial Blight, Multi Class
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“Detection and Identification of Rice Leaf Leaf Blast SVM and PSO,
Diseases using Multiclass SVM and Particle and Leaf Scald
Swarm Optimization Technique,” (2019)
12) G. JayanAthi, K.S. Archana, A. Saritha. Brown Spot, Leaf Blast, ANN
“Analysis of Automatic Rice Disease Tungro

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 Solid State Technology
Volume: 63 Issue: 6
Publication Year: 2020
Classification using Image Processing
Technique,” (2019)
13) A. Asfarian, A. Rauf, Y. Herdiyeni and Leaf Blast, Brown Spot, Fourier
K.H. Mutaqin. “ Paddy Disease Bacterial Leaf Blight Spectrum
Identification with Texture Analysis using and Tungro
Fractal Descriptors based on Fourier
Spectrum,” (2013)
14) N. Mangla, P.B. Raj, S.G Hedge and Blast disease SVM
R. Pooja, “ Paady Leaf Disease Detection
Using Image Processing and Machine
Learning,” (2019)
Table I revealed the common disease had been detected. From fourteen papers, six of them investigate about bacterial leaf
blight, eight come out with brown spot disease, and eleven found that the paddy disease are leaf blast disease. Meanwhile,
three papers detected that the paddy had tungro disease and the other diseases such as sheath blight, leaf streak, sheath rot
and blast were discovered by one or two papers. The Table I also discovered that half from fourteen journals chose K-
mean algorithm for image segmentation phase. According to [15] the selections of K Values are the key point in the k-
means clustering technique.
III. CONCLUSION
Paper presenting identification of the journals paper in detecting of paddy diseases symptoms is the main purpose of
proposed work. Even though the journals collected from various counties, the disease had been faced by the farmers are
similar. The most popular diseases are blast disease, brown spot disease and leaf blight. This study is significant related to
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) also International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
for their further research about paddy problems.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
1st author is corresponding author, 1st and 2nd conducted the research and wrote the paper, meanwhile 3rd and 4th authors
analyzed the data; all authors had approved the final version.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to thank the Research Management Centre (RMC) of University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, for the
MDR grant (No.Vot.H484) awarded to conduct this research.
REFERENCES
[1] R.P. Narmadha and G. Arivadivu. “Detection and Measurement of Paddy Leaf Disease Symptoms using Image
Processing,” IEEE. International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics. 2017, pp 1-4
[2] Abdul Kahar, , M. A., Mutalib, S. and Abdul-Rahman, S. “Early Detection and Classification of Paddy Diseases
with Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic,” Recent Advances in Mathematical and Computational Methods, 2015 pp
248-257
[3] S. Ramesh and D. Vydeki, “Rice Blast Disease Detection and Classification using Machine Learning Algorithm,”
IEEE. 2nd International Conference on Micro-Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, vol. 2,pp. 255-259,
2018.
[4] I. K. Nti, G. Eric and Y.S. Jonas, “ Detection of Plant Leaf Disease Employing Image Processing and Gaussian
Smoothing Approach,”. International Journal of Computer Application, pp.20-25, 2017.
[5] A. Asfarian, A. Rauf, Y. Herdiyeni and K.H. Mutaqin. “ Paddy Disease Identification with Texture Analysis using
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Fractal Descriptors based on Fourier Spectrum,” International Conference on Computer, Control, Information and
Its Application, pp 77-81.
[6] G. Anthonys, N. Wickramarachchi. “ An Image Recognition System for Crop Disease Identification of Paddy
Fields in Sri Lanka,” International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), 2009, pp. 403-407.

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 Solid State Technology
Volume: 63 Issue: 6
Publication Year: 2020

[7] P. K. Sethy, N. K. Barpanda, A. K. Rath. “Detection and Identification of Rice Leaf Diseases using Multiclass
SVM and Particle Swarm Optimization Technique,” IJITEE, Vol 8, (2019) pp 108-120.
[8] Larijani, M.R. Asli-Ardeh, E.A., Kozegar, E. and Loni, R. “Evaluation of Image Processing Technique in
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[9] R. Deshmukh and M. Deshmukh. “Detection of Paddy Leaf Disease,”IJCA. International Conference On Advances
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[11] T.N. Tete and S. Kamlu. “Plant disease Detection using Different Algorithm,” Second International Conference on
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[13] G. Jayanthi, K.S. Archana, A. Saritha. “Analysis of Automatic Rice Disease Classification using Image Processing
Technique,” IJEAT. Vol.8. 2019, pp15-20
[14] M.W. Russo. “How to Review a Meta-analysis. Gastoenterology& Hepatology, Vol.3. 2007, pp637642
[15] S. Ramesh and D. Vydeki, “Rice Blast Disease Detection and Classification using Machine Learning Algorithm,”
2nd International Conference on Micro-Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, 2018, pp255-259.

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