MAINS TEST SERIES

(Test Code- 2207)

Instructions
 Time Allowed: Three Hours
 Maximum Marks: 250
 All questions are compulsory.
 The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.
 Any page or portion of the page left blank in the Question-cum-Answer Booklet must be clearly
struck off.
 Keep the word limit indicated in the question in mind.
 Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be
stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
 No marks will be given for answers written in the medium other than the authorized one.
 Content of the answer is more important than its length.

Section A
Q1. (a) What in your opinion is the relation between religion and morality? Is it necessary to be
religious for being moral or is it essential to be moral for being religious? (150 words, 10 marks)

Answer – True religion and morality are inseparably bounded with each other. Religion is to morality
what water is to the seed that is sown in the soil.

In my opinion, any religious doctrine that does not appeal to reason and is in conflict with morality,
must be rejected. The essence of every religion is to follow the path of morality to realize the God. Thus,
morality is implicit in every religion. In fact, there is no religion higher than Truth and Righteousness.

However, being religious is not a precondition for being ethical. Morality can be derived from laws,
social norms, conscience of a person, secular principles, theory and philosophies as well. Like,
constitutional morality guides the governance process in our country.

Socrates principle of ‘speaking truth to power’, Plato’s four cardinal virtues, Aristotle’s ‘golden mean
principle’, Bentham’s Utilitarianism and John Rawls theory of Justice, are all source of secular ethics
and are not based on religious doctrine.

In the transparency International’s Perception of corruption Index, atheist nations like Sweden and
Norway often tops the list. They also have high level of development, signaling ethics in public
administration. On the other side, India has high corruption despite of most people showing religious
orientations.

Religion is one of the pillars of ethics, but it can also become the basis of behaving immorally. Many
people have used religion very positively in public sphere like Gandhi ji but there are entities like
Islamic jihadist and Hindu extremist groups who use religion to justify killing innocent people. Hence
religion is one source of morality but correct understanding and interpretation is required.

Thus, being religious is not necessary for being moral, but being moral is necessary for being religious.
All religion demands moral behavior from its followers. For instance –

 Bhagavat Gita says, ‘compassion is the root of all dharma’.

 Islam makes charity compulsory in form of Zakat for its followers.
 Christianity teaches that ‘God is love’.
 Buddhism and Jainism also lay down the ethical path for achieving Nirvana (liberation).
Gandhi ji has rightly said: - “As soon as we lose the moral basis, we cease to be religious. There is no
such thing as religion overriding morality. Man, for instance cannot be untruthful, cruel and incontinent
and claim to have God on his side.”

Q1. (b) ‘Civil Servants in India today are neither civil nor servants.’ Examine this statement with
the help of examples? (150 words, 10 marks)

Answer: It has been rightly said that civil servants are the only servants who are routinely rude to their
masters and still manage to retain their position and payment.
Today, in India, the civil servants are not considered ‘civil’ that is, the polite, rule abiding, respectful
citizen and neither do they consider themselves as servants. Many recent examples of bureaucratic
actions have tarnished the image of government (thanks to social media) and have raised questions
over their expected attributes of civility and service orientation.
 A similar incident was reported in Tripura where a DM gatecrashed into a wedding ceremony and
spoke rudely with the people. He also used force over groom and the priest.
 Recently, one IAS couple was transferred when they were found walking along with their dog on
the tracks of Thyagraj Stadium at a time when young athletes should have been practicing on it.
 Karnal Sub Divisional Magistrate ordering police to break the heads of protesting farmers
whomsoever will breach the security cordon of the CM.
Despite of all the excuses of pressure during Corona times, minimal infrastructure, political
interference or extreme working conditions, such behaviour is unacceptable and civil servants are
expected to deal with such situations in a more mature manner. Bureaucrats are expected to be the role
models for people and ‘Seva Parmo Dharma’ shall be their motto.
However, it is the bureaucracy only which has set some really good examples. Like S.R. Rao who has
transformed the city of Surat or Mr. Daya Shankar who cut through the nexus of gold smugglers or
others like Kiran Bedi mam (IPS) and Armstrong Pame (known as a miracle man for constructing 100
km road with crowd funding).
Jawaharlal Nehru once said the Indian Civil Service was “Neither Indian, nor Civil, nor a Service”.
However, his Deputy Sardar Patel considered the civil service “the steel frame of Government
machinery”. Time and conduct of civil servants will decide who is proved wrong.
Q2. (a) Being considered crazy by those who are still victims of cultural conditioning is a
compliment. Elucidate? (150 words, 10 marks)

Answer: Cultural conditioning is a process through which humans adopt, internalize and ultimately
practice the norms and customs of a society. The beliefs of an individual often depend upon how this
cultural conditioning has taken place. All of us undergo this process in our lives. Instruments like
religion, organisations, associations and the media play an important role in the process of cultural
conditioning.
However, too much of cultural conditioning without any freedom to question the norms can lead to
culturally induced ethical blindness among the people. Ethical blindness is the temporary inability of a
decision maker to see the ethical dimension involved in the issue one has to deal with. It is also called
‘Moral myopia’, which means the inability to see ethical issues clearly. The term describes what
happens when we do not recognize the moral implications of a problem or we have a distorted moral
vision.

Such people with blind cultural conditioning consider the eccentrics as crazy and anti-social elements.
Any person who questions the norms is reprimanded by such slaves of societies. People in collectivist
societies like India often face such problems. For example:

 We generally consider child labour unethical but see no problem in employing children in family-
owned business.
 Early marriage of girls, which deny them equal opportunity for socio-economic growth, is not seen
as unethical because it is an age-old cultural practice.
 Similarly sports like Jallikattu, Kambala, cock fight etc. are looked as cultural pride and suffering to
animals are sidelined.
 Many companies consider bribe as essential part of doing business, even when deep inside they
know that what they are doing is wrong.
 We often hold a blind spot on the issue of environmental values. Burning crackers on Diwali or
immersions of idols is done indiscriminately as this has been done since ages and this is what we
have learned to do from our culture.
 We have been conditioned to hate a certain caste, discriminate against certain class and even speak
derogatorily about various professions. We have been taught to create boundaries rather than
embrace the diversity that different cultures offer.
 In societies where Sexual Gender-Based Violence is prevalent, young men tend to be more violent
and entitled while women become more tolerating as it becomes normal for them to totally accept
this violent/abusive behaviour as preconditions for being “good women”. This leads to sexism,
racism, tribalism, bigotry and other forms of homophobic behaviours being established in the
societies.
Thus, it is a compliment actually to be criticized as an eccentric. Such people play a huge role in progress
of the society as they go against group decision making. Like:

 Raja Ram Mohan Roy eradicated the evil practice of sati by voicing concern and mobilizing opinion
of people against it.
 PETA is making people aware of animal rights.
 Kailash Satyarthi has helped in reducing child slavery from our society.
 Galileo went against the Church to propagate his helio-centric theory in medieval Europe.
Thus, being called “crazy” is when we don’t get conditioned to the norms of the society. It is when we
chose to critically analyze our beliefs and practices and that of our society on logical ground. Rationality
is what is called crazy. People laugh on such individuals because they are different but such people
laugh on other because they all are the same.

Q2. (b) “It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.” Do you agree with this
statement? What can be done in this regard? (150 words, 10 marks)

Answer: The statement highlights the importance of character building and correct child rearing
practices in early year of life. Children are like wet clay. They can be molded in any shape. But once the
clay gets hard, then it cannot be mended.

Lord Krishna in Mahabharata tried to persuade Duryodhana to avoid the war. But Duryodhana failed
to understand the consequences as his value education was ignored by his father, Dhritarashtra. On the
other hand, Pandavas rose again and again despite of setbacks and adversities. It was because of the
right education they got in childhood which laid down strong foundations.

History has many such examples which shows how character development is more important for
children than just providing them material pleasures. Unfortunately, the idea is missing in today’s
parenting. Most parents want to earn more money and, in the process, don’t give time for child’s
character development.

Today, corporate fraud, corruption in form of bribery, tax evasion, poor Corporate Social Responsibility
by many companies and acceptance of unethical practices like child labour, dowry etc. are rampant.
These issues are not getting resolved as ‘character building’ is poor in the process of child upbringing.

Gandhiji has declared ‘Knowledge without character’ as a deadly sin. Albert Camus said, ‘a man without
ethics is a wild beast loosed upon this world’. Not focusing on character development on children will
have huge repercussions for society –

 Crime against vulnerable sections like women and old age will increase.
 Juvenile delinquency, drug addiction etc. will increase.
 Lack of values like tolerance, empathy & compassion, fraternity will create social disharmony,
communal tension, and regional tensions. This hinders growth and development.
 Greed in people will lead to unsustainable and non-inclusive development. Youth will focus on
Kama and Artha and not on Dharma and Moksha. (Four Purusharthas)
 Narrow conception of life will push the coming generations towards materialism, consumerism
and hedonism.
Parents must adopt holistic approach to educate their children. This can be done through:

 Adopting democratic Child Rearing Practices. It must be ensured that in early phase attitude
formation is positive with regard to gender equality, pluralism & diversity, democracy among
others.
 Parents must also ensure value inculcation of honesty, dedication and compassion to achieve
excellence and character. They must act as a role model in this regard.
 Parents must use intangible goods like love, appreciation, spending time with them etc. to
reward the child.
  Parents must ensure that correct observation learning is done by children. Like children shall
not be exposed to violence shown on media.
 Teenage period is the most difficult time for children. Parents must keep a watch and provide
correct guidance whenever a child requires it. They should act like a friend in this regard.
Every word, facial expression, gesture, or action on the part of a parent gives the child some message
about self-worth. It is sad that so many parents don't realize what messages they are sending.

Q3. Write a short note on the following: (5x4= 20 marks, 75 word each)
a) Scientific Social Responsibility
Answer: Scientific Social Responsibility (SSR) is about building synergies among all stakeholders in
scientific community and also about developing linkages between science and society.
SSR is based on the moral obligation of scientists to give back the benefits of science to society. Thus,
SSR will be the convergence of scientific knowledge and social conscience.

SSR will bridge the following gaps:

1. Science-society (passing on the benefits of science to meet public needs),
2. Science-science (creating an atmosphere to share ideas), and
3. Society-science (working with the public to identify their needs and developing appropriate
solutions).
As per the SSR policy of the government, researchers who are working on a science project funded by
any of the Ministries under the Central government will have to undertake activities to popularise
science and make it more accessible to the public.
It will include a range of activities like delivering lectures in educational institutes, writing an article in
a magazine or doing something beyond the curriculum.
b) Difference between literacy and education
Answer: “Literacy” is often equated with “education”, but is not the same.

 As per Indian Census, a person who can both read and write with understanding in any language, is
treated as literate. Whereas, Education is the complete development of a person in terms of
knowledge, morality and sensibility in different situations.
 Literacy can be forgotten but education cannot. Instruction ends
with the school term, but education ends only with life.
 Literacy cannot make a person wise but education can. An educated
man can only bring around changes and contribute to the
development of society, which leads to the development of the
nation.
 Literacy enables you to survive life in a better way while education enables you to live life in a better
way. Literacy may give knowledge, but education gives you wisdom.
 You need not to be literate to be educated. An example would be former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister
K. Kamaraj. He was illiterate (could not read and write) but he knew so much that experts were
astounded by his knowledge.
In India, almost all the literate persons know the saying “Honesty is the best policy”. But only the
educated one practice it in their life and daily activities. The goal of education is not necessarily the
mastery of a subject but mastery of a person.

c) Difference between Gamesmanship and Sportsmanship

Answer: Maintaining the integrity of the rules and conventions of the game is the crucial difference
between Sportsmanship and Gamesmanship.

Gamesmanship
Gamesmanship, in short, is reflected best by the
Vince Lombardi quote, “Winning isn’t everything,
it’s the only thing”. Whatever it takes to win, you
commit yourself to it, and if this includes
committing fouls, hurting your opponents,
cheating on the rules, or taking drugs to boost
your performance, so be it. At the end of the day,
it is about winning the ‘GAME’.
Sportsmanship
Sportsmanship, on the other hand, is the
gentleman’s prerogative: it revolves around
playing the game by rules, respecting your
opponents and ensuring that the ‘spirit’ of the
game is never abused. The honour that you
receive when you play the game by the rules is
called sportsmanship.

Example: Ball tempering by Australian Cricket Example: Virat Kohli’s action to ask the Indian
Team or Faking a fall by Neymar Jr during fans not to boo Steve Smith and rather applaud
Football World Cup. him during Cricket World Cup 2019.

As per Kant’s categorical imperative one must behave as creature of kingdom of end – do what is right,
irrespective of result. Gandhiji also emphasized on ‘means over end’.

Happiness does not come only through winning the game. Happiness also comes through maintaining
our integrity and virtues. As Aristotle said, ‘virtues like happiness must be desired for itself’.
Hence spirit of Sportsmanship must be inculcated among players rather than Gamesmanship.

d) Ethical issues in Surrogacy

Answer: Surrogacy is Assisted Reproductive Technology, whereby a woman agrees to become
pregnant and give birth to a child for another person who is or will become the parent of the child.

The ethical aspect of surrogacy can be judged by the manner in which the process of surrogacy is
conducted.

It can bring happiness in the life of couple who don’t have children. Surrogate mothers, who are
generally poor, get good medical attention, nutrition and financial help from the commissioning
parents. If we apply utilitarian principle of J.S. Mill, then surrogacy, if conducted with integrity, can be
considered ethical.

However there have been cases of misuse of technology, lack of bioethics, and violation of rights of
surrogate mothers.

 A large share of surrogate mothers’ payment is taken off by middlemen.

 After delivery, no attention is given to surrogate mother’s health.
 Many a times commissioning parents refuse to take the new born, if he/she is born with some
deformity.
 It may also lead to issues of selective breeding and designer babies.
 It can also disturb the institution of marriage.
In such cases, it can be considered as an inhuman act against the will of God. Due to absence of integrity
in the process of surrogacy, government of India has banned commercial surrogacy.

Technology is always value neutral. Same goes for surrogacy. It must be used taking care of rights and
justice for all stakeholders.

Q4. (a) What are the determinants of ethics for a Civil Servant in India. How they can be
conflicting in nature? (150 words, 10 marks)
Answer: Determinants of ethics implies the factors which shape the ethical structure of an individual
or an entity. It may also include the conditions that influence the ethics prevailing at any time.
A civil servant has to play multiple roles and while deciding the rightness or wrongness of his actions,
he must take following things into consideration:
1. Constitution: constitution is the supreme law of the land. It is the ultimate guide for civil servant to
decide what is right or wrong. Their decision must be in line with constitutional morality. Like a
civil servant should not actively participate in religious activities in his official capacity, as it is may
go against the ideal of secularism.
2. Laws: These rules and regulations directly tells a civil servant that what is right and wrong. Like
laws related to reservation policy will help civil servant to decide the criterion of reservation.
3. Conscience: It is an internal judge that always guides a person in difficult situations. Like a civil
servant can ask for written orders if his conscience feels that it is not right to follow these orders.
4. Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct: These guidelines help the professional to deal with
unforeseen situations for which no laws are there. Like a civil servant should always give highest
priority to public interest. He should not take gifts even if it is permitted by law.
5. Aspirations of Society: Sometimes, a civil servant has to take care of public sentiments. Like
appealing for capital punishment for a rape convict.

Conflicting Nature
 Sometimes, Constitutional morality can come in conflict with social morality. E.g., Sabarimala
temple entry case, Jallikattu etc.
 Sometimes laws like AFSPA, CAA can go against the aspirations of the people.
 Many civil servants have recently resigned from services as they believe that their conscience is in
conflict with government laws and orders.
In such scenarios, where conflict exists, the civil servant shall make a balanced decision, based on his
wisdom and idea of justice. As per recent judgements by the Supreme Court, it has been upheld that
constitutional morality should overshadow all other moralities.
Q4. (b) ‘Inequality is the source of evil, but it is also the source of good. It all depends on how you
take it.’ Explain with the help of examples? (150 words, 10 marks)

Answer: Inequality showcase the huge difference in social, economic and political conditions of
different sections in a society. It puts some in disadvantageous positions in terms of personal
development and achieving one’s full potential. This not only hurts individuals, but also the nation in
terms of non- inclusive development.
 There is sense of relative deprivation and injustice due to inequality. It hinders unity and fraternity. It
gives birth to evils like social disharmony, theft and robbery, separatist tendency, armed rebellion like
Naxalism, loss of public property among others.

However, inequality can also be blessing in disguise. It creates motivation to do hard work and develop
niche skills. If government will control and distributes all wealth uniformly among citizens, then the
entrepreneurs will lose the motivation to earn more and those who are below the average will stop
trying to raise their skills.

Among nations, inequality drives innovation and research to compete with other nations. Inequality
also facilitates cooperation for accelerated growth. For example, China’s competition with developed
nations has given an overall boost to world economy.

Inequality cannot be wiped off, but ethical principles must be used to deal with it. As per John Rawls
‘Difference principle’ - the social contract should guarantee everyone an equal opportunity to prosper.
In other words, if there are any social or economic differences in the social contract, they should help
those who are the worst off. Gandhiji’s concept of Antodaya also guide policy makers for special
provision for weak and vulnerable.

Q5. (a) Aristotle’s principle that ‘virtue exists as a mean state between the vicious extremes of
excess and deficiency.’ is an important aspect of his conceptualization of ethics. Discuss the
relevance of this principle in context of civil services in India? (150 words, 10 marks)

Answer: Aristotle holds the view that excess of anything is bad. If strings are too loose in the sitar, it
would not produce music. On the other hand, if the string is too tight, it may break. This is the reason
why Buddha advocated the middle path between two extremes and the same message reverberate in
the given principle of Aristotle.

The courageous person, for example, judges that some dangers are worth facing and others not, and
experiences fear to a degree that is appropriate to his circumstances. He lies between the coward, who
flees every danger and experiences excessive fear, and the rash person, who judges every danger worth
facing and experiences little or no fear. Aristotle holds that this same topography applies to every
ethical virtue: all are located on a map that places the virtues between states of excess and deficiency.

Relevance of this principle for civil services can be understood as follows:

i. Extreme empathy and compassion for tribals, farmers, poor may lead to stand still of development
activities. While the absence of such values may lead to crony capitalism. Hence there is
requirement of fairness and enlightened objectivity to balance the both.
ii. Transparency in all spheres of governance may lead to delay in decision making but may harm
security of the nation. More opaqueness breeds corruption. Hence there is a need of balance and
transparency should not extend to cabinet meetings and military planning.
iii. If laws are made extremely strict, people will not be able to follow them. They may even revolt
against law making body. If they are too lenient people may easily circumvent them. So, there is a
need to have a balance approach in administration.
iv. If bureaucracy is politicized, it will lead to party politics. If it is neutral, it may not be able to uphold
rule of law. Hence there is requirement of committed bureaucracy.
v. Civil servants should have a balanced point of view, which is the mean of extreme views. There are
various social groups with which they have to deal on a regular basis. He cannot favor the interests
of one group over others. He has to keep balanced views towards all the social groups and take
decisions based on merit.
Temperance and tolerance are important virtues to have a balanced view. It gives room for flexibility,
rationality and inclusivity. A civil servant should have balanced emotions, neither more nor less. This
will help in making use of his emotional intelligence in decision making.

Q5. (b) What do you understand by the term ‘Dharma’? Is it always possible to follow it? Discuss
with the help of examples? (150 words, 10 marks)

Answer: The concept of Dharma is the unique and comprehensive concept in Indian philosophy. The
word ‘Dharma’ is derived from the Sanskrit root,’dhr’ which means to sustain, to support or to preserve.
The word has evolved over a long period of time and is used in various ways in different contexts. For
example:

 In Rigveda, the word ‘Dharma’ stands for natural or cosmic law.

 Manu Smriti hold ‘Dharma’ as performance of duties prescribed by individual’s Varna (the class) as
well as Ashrama (the stages of life).
 In present day context, the word Dharma is used to convey the religion of a person.
For me, dharma is about performing one’s duty as per our ashram and varna to achieve the highest end
of life called Moksha. Like for a student, his dharma is to study and for a police officer his dharma is to
protect people. And when a person performs his duty with perfection, he achieves his liberation.

Is it always possible to follow Dharma?

Dharma is not an option, but the only way to achieve the highest end of life i.e., Moksha. One must also
remember that Dharma is not just a set of rules but it is a way of life.

Thus, it is always possible to follow Dharma, provided you have the right understanding of what
Dharma is. For example:

 A police officer can use violence in order to create deterrence among people to follow guidelines
during Corona pandemic.
 In Ramayana, Kumbhkarna took the side of his brother, Ravana; whereas Vibhishana took the side
of lord Rama, even against his own brother. Both had a different conception of what Dharma is.
 In Mahabharat, Bheema killed Duryodhana by hitting him on his thigh, which is against the rules of
mace fight.
These examples show that Dharma in itself is contextual. Thus, right intentions and the context must
always be taken into regard. It is always better to live your own Dharma imperfectly, than to live an
imitation of somebody else's life with perfection.

One must never hesitate to follow Dharma as Mahabharat has proclaimed: - ‘Dharma protects those
who uphold or protect dharma.’

Q6. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?

a) “God is present in every Jiva; there is no other God besides that. Who serves Jiva serves God
indeed.” ― Swami Vivekananda (150 words, 10 marks)
Answer: Swami Vivekananda wanted to lay stress on serving humanity, which he equates with serving
God. Thus, he focuses on values of compassion, care, helpfulness, philanthropy and brotherhood. He
laid stress on peace and dharma and unity in society for the progress of human kind.

As per Vivekananda, serving the poor is the gist of all worship — to be pure and to do good to others.
He who sees Shiva in the poor, in the weak, and in the diseased, really worships Shiva; and if he sees
Shiva only in the image, his worship is but preliminary.

In present context where world has been divided on caste, creed, ethnicity and religion; inequality is
increasing, intolerance is palpable everywhere, human displacement is becoming common,
neighboring states are fighting wars; teaching of Swami Vivekananda holds more value. It can be
applied in following context:

 Universal brotherhood – We can consider everyone as children of God and serve people to serve
God like Mother Teresa.
 Reducing frugal expenses – in the name of religion and rather uses it to serve poor.
 Intolerance – Killing in the name of religious beliefs like lynching in name of cow vigilantism, fight
in Middle East in name of religion will stop.
 Poverty and hunger – 1/4th of people across the globe live below poverty line. If all those who want
to serve God, serve these people then problem of poverty will be solved.
 Rights of vulnerable section – Children, women, tribals, Transgender etc. will improve their socio-
economic condition if they will be served in the name of service to God.
 Sustainable development – Nature like tree, plants, and animals will also be served and man can live
in harmony with nature.
Thus, one must look God as an infinite circle whose circumference is nowhere, but whose centre is
everywhere. He works through all hands, sees through all eyes, walks on all feet, breathes through all
bodies, lives in all life, speaks through every mouth, and thinks through every brain.

b) “Peacefulness in the face of a grave wrong that could only be stopped by violence would be a
sin.”- Saint Augustine (150 words, 10 marks)
Answer: In Bhagwat Gita, Lord Krishna asked Arjuna to raise his weapons and destroy the enemy to
establish Dharma in the society. The same idea is propounded by Saint Augustine in the above quote.

This idea reverberates in many philosophies and thinking.

 Rousseau in his social contract theory has said that people have the right to overthrow sovereign
authority if sovereign authority fails to protect their liberty.
 Dante's Inferno says ‘the darkest places in hell are reserved for those who in time of moral crisis
preserve their neutrality’.
 Friedrich Nietzsche has also glorified the war and take it as an agent of change and progress.
 Utilitarianism also supports violence, but only if the intended good is much more than the harm
caused by violence.
 Arjuna in Mahabharata says: - “I see no being in this world without violence.”
In the present context we can see correct application of Saint Augustine idea in context of Arab Spring,
war against ISIS and Fight against Naxalism.

However, it is also true that as long as people use violence to combat violence, we will always
have violence. Violence can only maintain status quo, but true progress comes through peace and
forgiveness.

Gandhi ji has said, “There is no hope for the aching world except through the narrow and straight path
of non-violence." The statement is true in this age of nuclear weapons where violence has no limits.

Thus, what is required is a negative attitude towards violence. It shall be used only as a last resort.
Wisdom and emotional intelligence are required to judge the timing and proportion of violence. It must
also be proportional to the violation of human rights and moral principles, and its objective must be to
re-establish peace.

c) “I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing.” (150 words, 10 marks)
Answer: This quote of Socrates calls for acquiring knowledge as an endless process, especially in the
present context when huge strides have been made in every field. Knowledge is knowing what to do in
a particular situation. As per Socrates, a person knowingly never does a wrong thing and knowledge is
what that makes him virtuous.

Gandhi ji also said that learning and self-improvement is a continual process, and one should ideally try
to become a better person with each passing day. One must have intellectual humility to remain humble
and seek information and advice from others in matters one know little about.

Similarly, Gyan Marg in Bhagwat Gita also calls for continuous knowledge acquisition as a way to
achieve liberation by a man of wisdom.

Civil servants too need to possess such attitude in the present context. The problem of unemployment,
effective implementation of government schemes, town planning, farmer’s welfare, disaster
management among others, all need information gathering from ground and involvement of different
experts from different background.

There are so many lessons to be learns from rural areas on including cleanliness, medicinal and herbal
knowledge and environmental values. The living style of tribals and forest dwellers offers a lot of
learning.

However, the all-knowing attitude of bureaucracy has failed to provide good governance. Involvement
of people in policy formulation, their feedback and ideas that are gathered through social media and
government sites like mygov.in and also involvement of private individuals in policy matters through
institutions like NITI Ayog is in the recognition of the fact that learning is an endless process.

Thus, intelligent is a person who keeps on learning through humility and enthusiasm.
Section B
Q7. Recently an area in the North Delhi faced communal riots. Soon, many people from a
particular community were arrested on the charges that they started pelting stones on a
peaceful religious procession of another community and also damaged public property. After a
week, there were orders from senior authorities to demolish illegal constructions in the same
area, mostly belonging to the people who have been arrested or accused for rioting. The move
has been called biased by many and has been criticized on different media platforms. But the
officials are defending their actions as "routine exercises" against illegal constructions.
You are an officer in the North Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC). You are appointed as an
officer to execute the task of demolition. You plan to go as per the law by giving a minimum of
five-day notice but your seniors instruct you to carry out immediate demolition without any
notice.
When you reach the spot along with police, the people in that area start protesting and beg that
it is their only shelter. They were mostly poor and downtrodden people with families, women
and children. You are an honest officer. You want to help the people but you also cannot ignore
the orders given.
What are the ethical issues involved in the case? What are the options available to you? Evaluate
them and then choose the best option, giving reasons. (250 words, 20 marks)
Answer: Communal conflicts are bound to happen in a culturally diverse country like India. Ideological
differences, government policies and political interests can many a times lead to communal violence
and division in the society. Such situations can only be resolved through following constitutional
morality and basic principles of natural justice.
This case involves many ethical issues which must be addressed for a Stakeholders Involved
long-term solution. Some of them are: 1. NDMC
2. Me, Officer in charge of
a) Means versus Ends: Government wants to establish fear among
execution
those who are involved in violence but it shall be done in a legal and
3. Senior officials
democratic manner.
4. People arrested for
b) Hard versus Soft approach: Strong precedent must be set against
rioting
those who destroy public property but demolishing the house
5. Both the communities
means punishing the whole family.
6. Police administration
c) Obedience to the senior authority versus virtues of empathy
7. Society at large
towards the poor.
d) Gandhi’s Talisman: welfare of the poorest must be taken into regard.
e) Rule of law and equality before law
f) Justice to the people irrespective of their religion and community.
g) Right to fair trial: Authority to punish lies only with the court.
h) Punitive action against an accused person can only take place after conviction in a court of law.
i) Secular image of government must be maintained.
Options with their evaluation
1. Obey the given orders
Merits Demerits
 1. Gain the trust of seniors and 1. Public confidence in justice will be lost.
workforce. 2. Crisis of conscience and criticism over
2. Have secure working tenure and good going against the rule of law.
reputation in the office. 3. Injustice anywhere is the threat to
3. Chain of command will be followed. justice everywhere.
4. It will further fuel divide and rule
politics.

2. Disregard the orders and stop the demolition for the time being
Merits Demerits
1. Immediate relief for the poor people. 1. Undermine the credibility of myself as
2. Inner satisfaction a competent officer.
3. No anger against the government. 2. Can lead to disciplinary action against
4. Trust and credibility of government me which can put my career in
will remain. jeopardy.
3. Wrong precedent would be set.

3. Ask the seniors to give this duty to some other officer.

Merits Demerits
1. I’ll be saved from a tough situation. 1. Its shows lack of intellectual autonomy
2. No guilt and inner dissonance and courage on my side to make right
afterwards. decisions.
3. Status-quo will be maintained. 2. Shows escapist tendencies.
3. Darkest places in hell are reserved for
those who remain neutral during
moral crises.

4. Follow the rule of law and constitutional morality. Proper notice shall be served to all the
people who have done illegal encroachments. Also ask for a written order if seniors insist on
demolition.
Merits Demerits
1. People will get time to prepare for 1. I may get transferred or demoted by
demolition. the government.
2. No sense of injustice among people. 2. Suspension of demolition drive may
3. Good precedent and communal not create the required deterrence
harmony will be maintained in long among the rioters.
term.

Most favourable option adopted by me would the option 4. Reasons for opting are as follows:
 Being a government officer, it is a legal duty to abide by the constitutional norms. Deviation from
one’s duty shows lack of professional integrity.
 Citizens must have the right to fair trial and option to take judicial recourse.
 Justice should not only be done but should also be seen to be done. Procedures are equally
important.
 For political purposes, demolition drive is presented as stringent action against anti-social elements
for rioting, and for legal purposes, it is portrayed as removal of illegal constructions. Both things
shall not be mixed and illegal encroachment, irrespective of the community of the person, shall be
the only criterion for demolition.
Thus, such demolitions amount to an abuse of power, a challenge to the rule of law and are inherently
illegal due to the absence of due process or proportionality. These actions are short-lived but the scar
has a lasting impact and raises questions about the justice delivery mechanism in the country.
Q8. You are serving as a principal of a famous college in Delhi. A photocopy shop is there within
the campus of your college. The shop is quite famous among the students as it provides
readymade set of photocopied books for them. The books otherwise are very expensive and also
not easily available as their copyrights are with foreign publishing houses. The college library
has limited books and that too are quite old with new updated editions available in the market.

A situation has come up where one foreign based publishing house has approached you and is
requesting for orders to shut down the photocopy shop, as it is violating their intellectual
property rights.

The publication house has also threatened to file a court case if no action is taken on its request.
This may bring lot of bad publicity for a reputed college. However, the college has considerable
proportion of students who cannot afford to buy the original books, which are important for
their studies and good marks. Protest has already started by the students against the closure of
photocopy shop. In this context: (250 words, 20 marks)

a) What are the ethical issues involved in this case?

b) Explain what can be done in this regard?

Answer: The case involves a clash between individual and social wellbeing. It deals with the challenge
of balancing right to education and safeguarding intellectual property rights of the book publishers.

a) Following are some other ethical issues involved in the case:

i. Natural right of students to easy access to expensive educational material especially for poor
students.
ii. Legal right of publishers over their intellectual products.
iii. Virtues and potential of the principle of the college to resolve the issue and not allow bad name
to the institution.
iv. Respect for the law and trust on the college administration and judiciary is required. Students
must not resort to protest before any decision has been taken by the principle. Every citizen
must show scientific temper which is our fundamental duty.
v. Right and responsibility of photocopy shop must be balanced. Right to occupation must be
balanced with duty to follow the law of the land.
vi. Duty of government and law to satisfy and protect the interest of two different groups of citizens.
vii. Obligation of the state to enforce international conventions on copyrights.
viii. Justice for the students as closing the shop will shift the burden on them while shifting benefits
on the publisher.
ix. Right of publisher to earn profit on the investments and hard work it did on the publication of
book.
x. An affordable and effective educational system is also a common good for the society.

b) Book publication house puts lot of resources – human, intellectual, financial, to publish a book.
The book is product of dedication and hard work. There is also a long-term impact on research and
innovation if intellectual property rights are not protected. On the other hand, educational institutions
are common good. Education helps poor and marginalized to overcome their vulnerabilities. However,
access to education itself is a challenge, especially in developing countries. Hence the wisdom would lie
in balancing the two conflicting rights of different group of citizens. It can be done in following ways:

i. Use persuasion and emotional intelligence to work out some practical solution.
ii. Publishing houses in the interest of society must ease their claim to older editions or come up
with cheaper student editions.
iii. Universities must utilize funds earmarked for libraries for that purpose.
iv. The students’ demands can be met reasonably by permitting only the excerpts from the book as
per the prescribed syllabus by the university.
v. ICT tools can be used to make e-library to allow multiple accesses from the copyright material.
This way financial burden can be overcome.
vi. If the publisher remains adamant on his demand, the principal can ask him to approach the court
and let the law take its own course.
Without constricting the right of publishers, we should try to achieve the vision of Rabindra Nath
Tagore to make our society one where the mind is without fear and the head is held high and “where
knowledge is free”.

Q9. Amit is a popular director of Bollywood film industry and has been associated with many
blockbuster movies in the past. He enjoys lots of credibility among the viewers and for most of
the audience, what he shows on the screen is nothing less than a truth.
A producer has approached Amit with a historical movie script. The script is based on the plight
of a minority community in an Indian state which had to face exodus from their homeland due
to terrorism and communalism in early 1990s. This community however, forms the majority
population in most of the other states of India.
Initially, Amit found the topic very interesting as it will highlight the injustice done to the
community. But when he got into the details, he found that the producer wants him to present
the tragic exodus as a full-scale genocide.
The script demands Amit to present a one-sided view of the whole event and present the
majority community of the concerned state as the culprit. Every person of the majority
community must be shown as a separatist and keen on religious conversion of the minority
population. The producer also wants Amit to show the scenes of bloodshed and torture of
victims with brutal intensity so that emotions can be aroused among the audience.
For this, the producer is ready to pay a handsome amount and also a share in the profits to Amit,
but being a man of conscience, Amit is in a state of Dilemma. The producer has also hinted that
many influential politicians in the government also wants such a movie to be made.
In this context, explain what impact such a movie can have on the audience? What shall be the
dilemmas and duties of Amit as a responsible Movie Director and on what conditions, he can say
‘yes’ for directing the movie? (250 words, 20 marks)

Answer: Cinema has a potential to show not just the problems and wrongs of society but also to give
the solutions. It's about changing things and making people think. Thus, Amit must act in a responsible
manner.
Impact of such movies on society Stakeholders
1. It can manipulate people to develop negative attitude towards  Amit
a particular community.
 Movie producer
2. Cinema is a reflection of society and thus it makes people aware
 Actors and movie crew
of what they have done wrong. But any one-sided view can
 Both the communities
create misperceptions among people.
 Victims of exodus
3. Such one-sided movies create and strengthen stereotypes and
 Government
prejudice among communities, which can lead to
discrimination and communal violence.  Film industry and society
4. Movie actors are worshipped at real life heroes by most Indians. at large
People learn about history from movies and thus any distortion
of facts can create divisions and ruptures in social fabric.
5. Such movies with high emotional pitch can reduce fraternity and tolerance between communities.
It will mask the reasoning capacity of people.
6. It may harm social capital and polarization of society. People won’t be able to take an impartial and
informed decision.
7. Politicians can also use it as a tool to divide and rule people.
8. Hostile neighbouring countries can use it to incite violence and justify partition of India on religious
grounds.
9. The clippings of the film will soon end up in social media to fuel further hate against one community.
10. It can have a domino effect and commercial success will encourage more producers to come up with
such movies.
Dilemmas and duties of Amit as a responsible Movie Director

 Professional integrity versus his financial interests.

 Peace and fraternity in the society versus justice to the community who suffered exodus.
 Means versus ends: plight of victims must be shown but in a right and balanced manner.
 Good relations with the government versus listening to the voice of conscience.
 He has a duty to not get engaged with those who are super-critical and irrational.
 Duty to avoid any discrimination on the basis of race, colour, religion, creed, age, sex, or national
origin.
 Amit has the duty to do extensive research and take multiple perspectives into considerations
before making a movie on historical events.
 He must have a really good understanding of history, literature, psychology, sociology and sciences
to actually being able to make such movies.
 Amit has a responsibility to fulfil his fundamental duties and spread the message of unity and
tolerance among people.
 A film is not a vehicle to accuse, or to relay a specific message. If we reduce a film to this, we lose all
hope for cinema to ignite a richer conversation.
Conditions on which Amit can say ‘yes’ to the movie

1. The movie shall be based on facts and must showcase the perspective of both the communities.
2. It shall not only highlight the problem but shall also give solutions of it.
3. Part of earnings can be used for the rehabilitation of expelled community.
4. Transparency shall be maintained about the sources from which the script has been prepared.
5. Balance must be there between hatred and love, fear and courage, betrayal and friendship.
6. Disclaimer must be given at the starting.
7. The message of love and unity must be given in the end.
Movie of delicate religious issue might act as a spark in already fractured society. Article 19 which
guarantees freedom of speech and expression also lays down certain exception. Thus, every movie
should uphold the parameter of not promoting discontent or hatred among the public.

Q10. You are the chief administrator of a municipal corporation of an important urban area in
Northern India. Being the administrative head, you have the duty to implement all the directives
given by your superiors and the court of law. The area under your jurisdiction includes Khori
Gaon basti, a slum area which lies on the Delhi-Haryana border.
The residents of Khori Gaon are the working class of NCR. They perform a range of services that
keep it moving. The early residents were quarry workers who got stuck in a vicious cycle of debt
to the quarry contractors. Over the years, urban poor who have been displaced from various
bastis in Delhi to make way for urban development projects have also settled here. A large group
also comprises low-income families who have migrated from the neighboring states in search of
jobs.
While the land of Khori Gaon officially belongs to the government, these residents have been
sold little parcels of land by dubious land dealers through power of attorney documents. The
houses they have built are their entire life’s savings. Over the years they have spent their meagre
resources to obtain water and electricity services. The basti is also an encroachment on the
Aravalli Forest land.
A PIL was filed against these unauthorized slums and the court has deemed it fit to order the
municipal corporation to undertake evictions using force if needed.
The residents have been given a few days to collect their belongings and leave before the
demolition squad comes to vacate these lands. The demolitions of over 6,500 homes are
scheduled to take place just when the monsoon arrives and the region is still in a pandemic
where most of the population is not vaccinated. The state is still under partial lockdown. You
are the enforcing officer. Explain options you have along with their merits and demerits. What
in your opinion can be done to deal with this situation? (250 words, 20 marks)
Answer: The situation in the above case is of illegal
Stakeholders Involved
encroachments, environmental conservation and justice to poor
people. As an administrative head, I am facing the dilemma of  Myself as the Chief
administrator
whether I should act according to the law and directions of court
or I should listen to my own conscience.  Government
 Residents of Khori Gaon
Other issues in the above case:  Doctors and health
workers
 Rights of the slum dwellers – Right to dignity, livelihood, reside  Judiciary
in any part of the country, right to health etc.  Quarry contractors and
 Environmental sustainability versus Housing rights of people. land dealers
 Means versus Ends  Other people in Delhi
 Common good – Conservation of Aravalli Forest land. NCR region
 Ethical governance - Destruction of slums without proper
accommodation facilities in the pandemic and monsoon season will be injustice to the slum dwellers
in general and the old people and children in particular.
 My virtues – professional integrity, empathy and compassion towards the slum dwellers, courage
and fortitude for carrying out such activities and high emotional intelligence

OPTIONS AVAILABLE

(a) Vacate the slum by using police force.

Merits:
 I will be in line with the directives of the court of law.
 Strong precedent will be set. It will deter the future encroachments activities.
 Protection of environment and natural resources.
 Optimum utilization of government land

Demerits:
 Without considering the cause of slum dwellers it will be injustice on them. It may lead to unfair
distribution of benefits and burdens.
 Out of the poverty and no places to live some of the slum dwellers may be forced to get involved in
illegal activities.
 The weather conditions and pandemic may result in the severe health problems for the dwellers
which will result in the surge of patients in the government hospitals.
 There will be hue and cry of human rights organizations and may tarnish government and my own
image. This will erode social capital of government.
 It will also disturb the services which are being provided by these slum dwellers.
 May lead to migrant crises during lockdown.

(b) Deliberately try to delay the eviction by creating administrative hurdles.

Merits:
 It will avoid the slum dwellers to face severe weather conditions without shelter.
 In the mean time they can make some arrangements for them and I will try to contact some NGOs
to arrange for some accommodation facilities for the underprivileged.
 No burden on my conscience
Demerits:
 It will be against my duty and courts order. Contempt of court proceedings may start against me.
 Any government support to such encroachments can be harmful in long term.
 Ecosystem of mountain range may get harmed.
 A wrong precedent will be set.

(c) File a request in court to give more time for eviction and make arrangements for relocation
of the people of Khori Gaon Basti

Merits:
 It will provide an opportunity to incorporate the views of different stakeholders and arrive at the
peaceful solution.
 This will not violate the right to dignified and decent life of slum dwellers.
 Also, they will get their own shelters without the fear of future destruction
 The small but important services to the people of Delhi NCR will not be stopped
 There will not be any hue and cry and pandemic will also stay in control
Demerits:
 Arrangement of resources will be a big challenge
 Delays can be there which can lead further degradation of Aravalli Forest land.

According to me, the third option is better but not enough. In addition, I will take the following steps to
solve the above situation:
 Inclusion of these slum dwellers will be done in the schemes like Indira Awas Yojana or Housing for
All.
 The compensation of reasonable amount should be paid to all the households in the basti by the
government.
 Arrangements should be made such that no illegal land dealing occur in the new area.
 All the residents of Khori Gaon Basti should be vaccinated before they are relocated to the new
location.
 A committee must be established to identify how people got water and electricity connections, so
that such encroachment doesn’t happen in future.
 Police authorities can be asked to take action against dubious land dealers who fooled slum people.

In long-term a comprehensive approach is required where environmental conservation is balanced

with socio-economic justice for the people. Root cause of the problem like rural backwardness,
economic inequality etc. must be addressed through innovative ways. As the pandemic has revealed,
public interest lies in finding radical ways to address social, economic and environmental inequality.

Q11. You are the CEO of an MNC operating in India. Your company runs a very popular micro-
blogging social media website. The website is famous among all sections of society. Even the
government uses it to announce its policies and communicate with the people. Even the Prime
Minister and President of India have their accounts on your site.
In the last two years, many protests are going on against different policies of the central
government and protesters are using your website to propagate their stance and gain more
supporters. In this context, your company is receiving multiple requests from the government
to delete certain accounts or block the messages of people who are protesting against the
government. The central government under local Information Technology Law has this power
to direct intermediaries to remove certain content from their portals. Any such request for
blocking the content must be based on reasons given in the law.
You are also an Indian and you personally believe that the government is using its power to curb
the dissenting voices. It is against basic rights of people and constitutional morality. Any
removal of content will serve only the ruling political party but not the nation. Also, the content
which has been asked to be removed is completely ok as per your company’s policy and rules.
In this context, explain what is your duty as the CEO of the company and also as the responsible
citizen. Discuss the options available to you along with their pros and cons. Also explain what
course of action you will take? (250 words, 20 marks)
Answer: Social-media is something of a double-edged sword. At its best, social media offers
unprecedented opportunities for marginalized people to speak and bring much needed attention to the
issues they face. At its worst, social media also offers 'everyone' an unprecedented opportunity to share
in collective outrage without reflection.

Stakeholders
 Me as the CEO of micro-blogging social
media website
 Government including PM and
President
 Users of website
 Protesters
 Society at large
 Other nations
My duty as the CEO of the company

 To uphold professional integrity by following company’s policy.

 To fulfill my corporate social responsibility by working for the benefit of the society, along with
earning profits for the company.
 To maintain good relations with the government and comply by the law of the land.
 I must be accountable to the users and provide free and fair platform to them to express their
views. But I should also not allow the platform to be used by anti-national forces.
My duty as the responsible citizen

 Promoting and safeguarding national interest should be my top priority.

 I must keep public interest above personal interest.
 I should fulfil by constitutional duties and must uphold constitutional morality.
 I should raise my voice against the unjust policies and laws of the government through legitimate
means.
 I should become the voice of the voiceless people.
As the CEO, I have following options available with me:

1. Removing content and blocking users as per directions from the government

Merits:

(a) Will comply to laws, rules and regulations of the local government
(b) Good relations with the government
(c) No hype will be created and my position will remain safe.
Demerits

(a) Crises of conscience as I am a value laden person

(b) Freedom of expression and raise voice against government is violated
(c) Injustice to the citizens who are raising voice against unfair policies.
(d) Wrong precedent will be set as such demands will arise in future also.
2. Not removing the content

Merits

(a) Will uphold the reputation of website worldwide as providing free and fair platform to all.
(b) Government will be forced to take public opinion in consideration
(c) Uphold constitutional morality.
Demerits

(a) May have to face government action like sanction or blocking of account etc.
(b) National interests may be compromised.
(c) Against rule of law
3. Withholding content in India but allowing it in other nations, if it is not against company’s
policy. Also, as a citizen, taking the case to the court to fight against the unjust law.

Merits:

(a) Will try to achieve a balance between my professional and my personal values
(b) Will work as per code of conduct of my organization
(c) Will maintain the reputation of organization worldwide
Demerits

(a) It will be a time-consuming process

(b) Government can retaliate by using the power they have.
From the above available options, I will go with the third option as it is trying to maintain a balance
between the two sets of conflicting values. A procedure can be developed in this regard.

 When company receive a valid legal request, it should be reviewed under both the Twitter Rules
and local law.
 If the content violates Twitter’s Rules, the content will be removed from the service.
 If it is determined to be illegal in a particular jurisdiction, but not in violation of the Twitter
Rules, I may withhold access to the content in India only.
 In all cases, company shall notify the account holder directly so they’re aware that company has
received a legal order pertaining to the account.
 The legal requests that company receive shall be detailed in the biannual Transparency Report.
If government take any action, it must be fought in the court of law. Social media is the ultimate
equalizer. It gives a voice and a platform to anyone willing to engage.
Q12. Sonali is an engineering student who is in third year of a government college. Basic
amenities in her college are very poor. Toilets often remain unclean as staff is usually not
present. Clean drinking water is not there, and furniture is old and broken. On education part,
new books are not available in library and there is a huge shortage of professors as no new
recruitment has been done in last ten years. Sonali is very much disturbed by such state of affairs
as it is affecting her studies. When she filed an RTI, it was revealed that funds are available for
college development but are deviated for personal use of top administrative staff and senior
professors. She was astonished to know that and started thinking of how things can be changed.

But soon after filing the RTI, she starts getting threats that any action on her side will affect her
studies and attract hostility from administration. Her friends are also not supporting her as
general apathy is there towards these problems. She cannot risk her engineering degree as she
come from a lower middle-class family and must support her ailing parents and siblings in
future. But her conscience pricks her to do something to save the new students from problems
that she faced. At heart, she feels that indifference shown by her friends is not correct though
she cannot give reasons for it. She thinks you are a wise person and seeks your advice. (250
words 20 marks)

a) What arguments can you advance to show her that keeping quiet is not morally right?
b) What course of action would you advise her to adopt and why?

Answer: Sonali has an awakened conscience, which tells her that injustice is happening in the college.
But to develop conviction and fortitude, she must do the moral analysis of the situation. Following are
some important ethical issues in the case –

 Personal Integrity of Sonali versus her Career and family wellbeing

 Quality of public service delivery
 Threat and hostility towards honest people
 General apathy towards misgovernance
 Future of new students and right to good quality education
a) I will try to do some moral reasoning with Sonali and put forward following arguments –

1. As per Kant’s categorical imperative one has to act as per one’s moral duty in every circumstance.
2. Nishkama Karma philosophy of Bhagwat Gita also says to do one’s duty irrespective of
consequences.
3. Gandhiji said, “Nobody needs to wait for anyone else to adopt a humane and enlightened course of
action”.
4. Gandhian quote: “Be the change you want to see in the world.” can also help Sonali to stand against
5. Rabindranath Tagore has written, “Jodi tor daak sune keu naa aashe, tabe ekle chalo re” (If they
answer not to your call walk alone).
6. Self-esteem is higher human need as per Maslow’s need of hierarchy. Honesty and integrity boosts
dignity and self-esteem.
7. Satya mev Jayate (truth alone triumph) is the teaching of our national emblem. Sonali with
conviction must adopt the path of truth and justice.
8. Destiny of nation is shaped in its classrooms. As per Kant’s first categorical imperative, nobody
wants to live in a society where corruption and nepotism is there in education system.
9. Present situation is also unfair as benefits are transferred to higher administration and burden falls
upon the students.
10. In short term, Sonali may get her degree by not taking any action, but in long term, it would harm
her only as she would never be able to compete due to poor education.
11. A report in 2019 revealed that 80% of Indian engineers are not fit for any job in the knowledge
economy and only 2.5% of them possess tech skills in Artificial Intelligence (AI) that industry
requires.
12. Darkest places in hell are reserved for those who do not act during moral crises.

b) Sonali must adopt following course of action –

 She must make a detailed report of poor quality of infrastructure, educational facilities like library
and vacancy for professors. This will add to her persuasive power.
 She must explain lucidly to her fellow students, seniors and juniors that their rights are being
compromised.
 Some senior professors might be honest and upright. She can make them aware of the matter and
ask to intervene.
 She must demand for a meeting of college administration and student welfare cell of college with
adequate representation of students. She can persuade the administration to take prompt steps for
justice.
 If this does not yield result then she must escalate the matter by informing University Grant
Commission and Ministry of Human Resource and Development.
 Local media and NGO’s and parents of students of the college can also be informed to create
awareness and social pressure.
Sonali will face hostility of some corrupt professors. But she must manage her emotional intelligence
to deal with the situation. She can –

 Do Yoga/meditation
 Listening to devotional songs
 Taking inspiration from her role models.
 Cherish, follow, and take lessons from the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle
for freedom.
Barack Obama has rightly said, “change happens when ordinary people do extra-ordinary things”.
Humanity thrives on the back of people like Sonali.

***********************************xxxxx**********************************
Most popular books for Civil Services GS Paper-IV: Ethics Integrity & Aptitude

 Both the books are available on Amazon and Flipkart.

 Pease check the cover and edition before buying as many fake versions are also available on internet.
 You can also purchase them from different bookstalls in Delhi and other major cities.
 If you are not able to find, message me on my Telegram channel: ‘Ethics by Atul Garg’. I’ll share a link
and also number of retailers, who can courier the book at your doorstep.