What were the benefits of Capital market integration to countries in Europe,

Middle East, and North America?

- With the increased integration of MENA countries into

-

Europe

- With the increased integration of MENA countries into

global capital markets, portfolio and bank inflows to the
region surged to more than $155 billion over 2016–
2018. That accounted for nearly 20 percent of total
Middle East portfolio flows to emerging economies during those two
years and was about three times the volume of flows to
MENA countries over the previous eight years.
- Portfolio investment flows to Middle East, and emerging
markets rise with greater risk as global market volatility
increases.

North America

Reference https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2020/01/15/blog-
ensuring-the-benefits-of-capital-flows-in-the-middle-east