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General Notes
REFERENCE:- AASHTO STANDARED SPECIFICATIONNS FOR HIGH WAY BRIDGES (1992 EDITION)
MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
CONCRETE:- C25 (CUBIC STRENGTH) - CLASS A CONCRETE
TAKING fc' =3000 PSI = fc' = 20.69MPA (CYLINDERICAL STRENGTH) =
fc =0.4*20.69= 8.276 MPA (ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESS)
Ec = 5700*SQU. OF fc' (fc' IN PSI) = 0.043*gc*1.5*SQU OF fc' (fc' IN MPA)
= 22610 WHERE gc=24000 KN/m3
CROSSECTIONAL DIMENTIONS
TW TW = 19.5 m
W= 2.5 m
c x c C= 0.05 m
W W
X= 14.5 m
CALCULATION
1 DEPTH DETERMINATION (AASHTO ARTICLE 8.9.2)
={
CLEAR SPAN + d
S C/C OF SUPPORT (WHICH EVER IS GREATER)
ASSUMED DEPTH D= 0.500 m
CONCRETE COVER= 0.025 m
REINF.DIAM. USED= Ø32= 0.032 m
={
5.459 m = 17.910 ft
S 5.500 m = 18.045 ft
Þ D= 1.122 ft = 0.34192 m
THERE FORE USE D= 0.500 m
Þ d= 0.459 m
2 LOADING
2.1DEAD LOAD
TAKING SLAB WIDTH , b= 1 m
E (DITRIBUTION WIDTH)
THE SUPPORTS
X-SECTION
TW ( TOTAL WIDTH)
Moment due to dead load MDL (x) = Rx-wx2/2 Shear force due to dead load VDL (x) = R-wx
POSITION OF FORCE
ACTIONS COSIDERED 0.00 CD 0.05 CD 0.10 CD 0.15 CD 0.20CD 0.25CD 0.30 CD 0.35 CD 0.40 CD 0.45 CD 0.50 CD
X (m) 0.000 0.275 0.550 0.825 1.100 1.375 1.650 1.925 2.200 2.475 2.750
VDL ( X ) (KN) 37.400 33.660 29.920 26.180 22.440 18.700 14.960 11.220 7.480 3.740 0.000
MDL ( X ) ( KN - m) 0.000 9.771 18.513 26.227 32.912 38.569 43.197 46.797 49.368 50.911 51.425
ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 3.24.3.2 - FOR WHEEL LOADS THE DISTRIBUTION WIDTH E, SHALL BE 4+0.06S BUT SHALL NOT EXCEED 7ft (2.135m)
- LANE LOADS ARE DISTRIBUTED OVER AWIDTH OF 2E
V ( X ) = P' / S* ( 2Y-1.2 )
SINCE LANE LOADING GIVES MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE AND MOMENT FOR LONG SPAN BRIDGES WE DIDN'T CONSIDER HERE.
( i.e IT WILLNOT BE A GOVERNING LOADING CASE)
3 REINFORCEMENT
d used = 459.000 mm
Þ dused >drequired----------OK!
IF REINF.USED IS SPACING ( S )
Ø32 380.97 mm WHERE S = ( as / As)*1000
Ø30 334.83 mm
Ø28 291.68 mm
Ø24 214.29 mm
Ø20 148.81 mm
Ø18 120.54 mm
Distribution Reinforcement
ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 3.24.10.2 IN CASE OF SLAB BRIDGE THE MAIN REINFORCEMENT IS PARALLEL TO TRAFFIC
AND PERCENT OF DISTRIBUTION REINORCEMENT = 100 / ( S )1/2 < = 50% WHERE S = ,IN ft
As MAIN PROVIDED = (as / sused) * 1000 = 2261.947 mm2/m W/R as = 452.3893 mm2
ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.16.3.1 THE RATIO OF THE REINFORCEMENT r PROVIDED SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.75 OF THE RATIO rb
THAT WOULD PRODUCE BALANCED STRAIN CONDITIONS FOR THE SECTION.
r =As / bd = 0.0049
ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 8.16.2.7 b1 = 0.85 FOR CONCERET STRENGTH , fc' = 20.963000 PSI
MPAUPTO AND INCLUDING
( 3000PSI 4000PSI
) UPTO AND INCLUDING 4000PSI
rb = 0.0377
MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT
ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 8.17.1.1 AT ANY SECTION OF AFLEXURAL MEMBER WHERE TENSION REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED BY ANALYSIS ,THE REINFORCEMENT
PROVIDED SHALL BE ADEQUATE TO DEVELOPE AMOMENT AT LEAST 1.2 TIMES THE CRACKING MOMENT CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF THE MODULUS
OF RUPTURE FOR NORMAL WEIGHT CONCRETE SPECIFIED IN ARTICLE 8.15.2.1.1
i.e fMN > 1.2Mcr WHERE f = 0.9 , FOR FLEXURE ( ARTICLE 8.16.1.2.2 )
MN = As fy (d - a/2) W/R a = Asfy / 0.85fc'b
Mcr = fr *s W/R s = b D2 / 6 , fr =7.5(fc')1/2
fy = 60000 PSI
fc' = 3000 PSI
d= 18.07 in
b= 39.37 in
As = 3.51 in2
D= 19.69 in
Þ a= 2.095
s= 2542.66
fr = 410.792
THERE FORE
fMN = 3222.920 klb-in
1.2Mcr = 1253.403 klb-in
fMN > 1.2Mcr THERE FORE IT IS OK!
SHRINKAGE AND TEMPRTURE REINFORCEMENT
ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.20.1 THE TOTAL AREA OF REINFORCEMENT PROVIDED SHALL BE ATLEAST 1/8 in2/ft IN EACH DIRECTION
ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8-20-2 THE SPACING OF SHIRINKAGE AND TEMPRATURE REINFORCEMENT SHOULD BE
S SHOULD BE = { < 3D =
< 18in =
1500
457.2
mm
mm
Smin = 427.4 mm
USE S = 400 mm
50mm M
w
c
C= 0.05 m
M
W= 2.5 m
w 50mm
G= 1.19 m
E= 0.15 m
L= 0.5 m
N N= 0.25 m
M= 0.85 m
L
G E
DEAD LOAD
CURBS = { 0.5*( W+G )*L + 0.5*( W+ (W-C) )*N } * 25 = 38.531 KN / m
TOTAL DEAD LOAD OF THE ADGE BEAM PER METER WIDTH OF THE SPAN ( w ) = 39.531 KN / m
WHERE S = 5.5 m
THERE FORE MDL = W S2 / 8 = 149.478 KN - m /m
LIVE LOAD
ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 3.24.8.2 THE EDGE BEAM OF ASINGLE SPAN SHALL BE DESIGNED TO RESIST ALIVE LOAD
MOMENT OF 0.10PS WHERE P = WHEEEL LOAD IN (lb)
S= SPAN LENGTH IN (ft)
THERE FORE
MLL = 0.10PS = 28871.391 lbft
= 39.987 KN-m
Þ dused >drequired----------OK!
IF REINF.USED IS SPACING ( S )
Ø32 435.43 mm WHERE S = ( as / As)*1000
Ø30 382.70 mm
Ø28 333.38 mm
Ø24 244.93 mm
Ø20 170.09 mm
Ø18 137.77 mm
ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.15.5.1.1 : THE DESIGN SHEAR STRESS , v ,SHALL BE COMPUTED BY:
v = Vacting / bwd WHERE bw = THE WIDTH OF THE WEB ( IN OUR CASE, = b )
ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.15.5.3.1 : WHERE Vacting > Vc ,SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED .
ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.15.5.3.2 : WHEN SHEAR REINFORCEMENT PERPENDICULAR TO THE AXIS OF THE MEMBER IS USED
Av =( v - vc )bwS / fs
Þ S = Avfs / (v-vc)bw
IF Vacting IS LESS THAN VC,NOSHEAR REINFORCEMENT DESIGN IS REQUIRED. BUT ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 18.9.1.1, AMINIMUM AREA OF SHEAR
REINFORCEMENT SHALL BE PROVIDED IN ALL FLEXURE MEMBERS EXCEPT SLABS AND FOOTINGS ( IN SOME CASE)
ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.19.1.2 : WHERE SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED BY ARTICLE 8-19-1-1 OR BY ANALYSIS, THE AREA PROVIDED
SHALL NOT LESS THAN
ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.19.3 SPACING OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT PLACED PERPENDICULAR TO THE MEMBER SHALL NOT EXCEED
d/2 OR 24"
CLCULATION
0.00S 0.000 5.500 0.224 -0.138 0.000 1.224 1.224 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.05S 0.275 5.225 0.183 -0.159 0.000 1.183 1.183 12.243 14.481 14.481 14.481 18.825 9.771 28.596
0.10S 0.550 4.950 0.137 -0.181 0.000 1.137 1.137 23.197 26.384 26.384 26.384 34.299 18.513 52.812
0.15S 0.825 4.675 0.087 -0.207 0.000 1.087 1.087 32.863 35.710 35.710 35.710 46.422 26.227 72.649
0.20S 1.100 4.400 0.030 -0.235 0.000 1.030 1.030 41.239 42.458 42.458 42.458 55.195 32.912 88.107
0.25S 1.375 4.125 -0.035 0.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 48.327 48.327 48.327 48.327 62.826 38.569 101.394
0.30S 1.650 3.850 -0.109 0.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 54.127 54.127 54.127 54.127 70.365 43.197 113.562
0.35S 1.925 3.575 -0.194 0.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 58.637 58.637 58.637 58.637 76.228 46.797 123.025
0.40S 2.200 3.300 -0.294 0.000 -0.235 1.000 1.000 61.859 61.859 61.859 61.859 80.417 49.368 129.785
0.45S 2.475 3.025 -0.412 0.000 -0.181 1.000 1.000 63.792 63.792 63.792 63.792 82.930 50.911 133.841
0.50S 2.750 2.750 -0.553 0.000 -0.138 1.000 1.000 64.436 64.436 64.436 64.436 83.767 51.425 135.192
d e
(y-4.27)/s (y-8.54)/4y
0.224 0.000
0.174 0.000
0.124 0.000
0.074 0.000
0.024 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
MOMENT INFLUENCE LINE FOR TANDEM DESIGN P'= 32.74
LOAD S= 5.5
a b c
x y 1+(y-1.2)/y p'xy/s
MLL+I M DL
0.000
29.456
55.542
78.259
97.606
113.584
126.193
135.432
141.302
143.802
142.933
KN/m
m
VLL+I +V DL
113.238
105.242
97.245
89.249
81.253
73.257
65.261
57.264
49.268
41.272
33.276
DISTANCE MOMENT
( m) ( KN-m/m)
0.000 0.000
0.275 28.596
0.550 52.812
0.825 72.649
1.100 88.107 MOMENT DIAGRAMS FOR H-S-20 LIVE LOAD TYPE
1.375 101.394
1.650 113.562
1.925 123.025
2.200 129.785
2.475 133.841
2.750 135.192
MOMENT DIAGRAM
160
140
120
100
MOMENT (KN-m/m)
80
60
40
20
0
0.00 0.50 1.00DISTANCE (m)1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
0
0.00 0.50 1.00DISTANCE (m)1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
DISTANCE SHEAR
( m) FORCE ( KN)
0.00 111.95
0.28 102.11
0.55 92.28
0.83 82.45
1.10 72.62 SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAMS FOR H-S-20 LIVE LOAD TYPE
1.38 64.39
1.65 57.61
1.93 50.82
2.20 44.03
2.48 37.25
2.75 30.46
SHEAR FORCE ( KN )
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 ( m )
DISTANCE 2.00 2.50 3.00
0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 ( m )
DISTANCE 2.00 2.50 3.00
DISTANCE MOMENT
( m) ( KN-m/m)
0.000 0.000
0.275 29.456
0.550 55.542
0.825 78.259
1.100 97.606 MOMENT DIAGRAM FOR TANDEM LIVE LOAD TYPE
1.375 113.584
1.650 126.193
1.925 135.432
2.200 141.302
2.475 143.802
2.750 142.933
MOMENT (KN m/m)
MOMENT DIAGRAM
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50
DISTANCE (m) 2.00 2.50 3.00
0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50
DISTANCE (m) 2.00 2.50 3.00
DISTANCE SHEAR
( m) FORCE ( KN)
0.00 113.24
0.28 105.24
0.55 97.25
0.83 89.25
1.10 81.25 SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAMS FOR TANDEM LIVE LOAD TYPE
1.38 73.26
1.65 65.26
1.93 57.26
2.20 49.27
2.48 41.27
2.75 33.28
SHEAR FORCE ( KN )
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50DISTANCE ( m )2.00 2.50 3.00
0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50DISTANCE ( m )2.00 2.50 3.00