MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC VIẾT LẠI CÂU DÙNG

INFINITIVE AND GERUND

Chú ý khi viết lại câu

 Chú ý về thì: câu được viết lại phải cùng thì với câu đã cho.

 Chú ý về ngữ pháp: câu được viết lại phải đúng về ngữ pháp.

 Chú ý về nghĩa của câu sau khi viết phải không đổi so với câu ban đầu.

 Phương pháp học dạng bài này: sưu tập và làm càng nhiều mẫu câu càng tốt, sau đó đọc đi đọc lại nhiều lần cho
thuộc lòng.
Một số dạng bài cơ bản
1. Gerund (Ving) + be + adj = It + be + adj + to + V
VD: Working without computer is impossible for me.
= It is impossible for me to work without computer.
2.  S + V + in/for + time = It takes/ took + O + time + to V1 = S+ spend (chia theo thì) + time + Ving
VD: They drove to school in 10 minutes.
= It took them 10 minutes to drive to school.
= They spent 10 minutes driving to school.
VD: She has learned English for 5 years.
= It takes her 5 years to learn English.
VD: It took her 3 hours to get to the city centre.
= She spent 3 hours getting to the city centre.
3. S + be + adj + that + S + V = S + be + adj + to + V
VD: Study is necessary that you will get a good life in the future. That +S + will + V1
= Study is necessary for you to get a good life in the future. for + O + to V1
4. S(N) + be + too + adj + (for O) + to + V1 = S (N) + be + so + adj + that + S(O) + can’t + V
VD: The water is too hot for Peter to drink.
= The water is so hot that Peter can't drink it.
5. S + V + too + adv + to + V = S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V
VD: Mark drives too slowly to get to school on time.
= Mark drives so slowly that he can’t get to school on time.
6. S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + not + adj (trái nghĩa)+ enough + to + V
S + be + so + adj + that + S + V = S + be + not + adj (trái nghĩa) + enough + to + V
VD: Jane is too young to take part in the contest.
= Jane is not old enough to take part in the contest.
VD: Hanah was so ill that she couldn’t join in the meeting.
= Hanah is not strong enough to join in the meeting.
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7. S + V + too + adv + to + V = S + V (thể phủ định) + adv (trái nghĩa)+ enough + to + V
S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t/ couldn’t + V = S + V (thể phủ định) + adv (trái nghĩa) + enough + to + V
VD: Peter ran too quickly to see Mary.
= Peter didn’t run slowly enough to see Mary.
VD: Mary plays game so bad that she can’t get any gift.
= Mary dosen’t play game well enough to get a gift.
8.  S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = It + tobe + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V
VD: She is so beautiful that everybody loves her.
= It is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her.
9. I + let + O + do sth = S + allow + O + to do Sth: cho phép
VD: My boss let him be on leave for wedding.
= My boss allowed him to be on leave for wedding.
 10. S + V + because + S + V = S + V + to + infinitive: chỉ mục đích, để làm gì
VD: She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination.
= She studies hard to pass the final examination.
11.  Because + clause (S+V…) = because of + N/ Ving: bởi vì, nguyên nhân
VD: He can’t move because he is too scared.
= He can’t move because of being too sacred.
12.  Although + clause = despite + N = in spite of + N/ Ving: mặc dù
VD: Although she drives slowly, she goes to school in time.
= Despite / In spite of driving slowly, she goes to school in time.
13. prefer + O + to V1 = would rather + O + V2,ed sth: thích, muốn ai làm gì
VD: I’d prefer you to sign here.
= I’d rather you signed here.
VD: I’d prefer you not to smoke here
= I’d rather you didn’t smoke here
14. Prefer + Ving sth to Ving sth = Would rather V1 sth than V1 sth: thích làm gì hơn làm gì
= S + like sth/doing sth better than sth/doing sth
      
VD: She prefers staying at home to going out
= She’d rather stay at home than go out
VD: I like going shopping better than playing volleyball.
  = I would rather go shopping than play volleyball.
Bằng nghĩa nhau, thay thế chỗ cho nhau:
15.  Understand = to be aware of
VD: Do you understand the grammar structure?

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 = Are you aware of the grammar structure?
16.  Like = be interested in = enjoy = keen on = be + fond of: thích
VD: I like collecting stamps.
= I'm fond of collecting stamps.
VD: She likes politics
= She is interested in politics
(not) feel like + Ving = (not) want + to V1: muốn
VD: I don’t want to go to the cinema with him
= I don’t feel like going to the cinema with him.
17.  be + scared of = be + afraid of: sợ
VD: she was scared of staying at home alone
= She is afraid of staying at home alone
18. Succeed in doing sth = manage to do sth: thành công, hoàn thành
VD: We succeeded in digging the Panama cannel
= We managed to dig the Panama cannel
19. Can = to be able to = to be possible to: có thể
VD: She can have breakfast in this room.
= She is able to have breakfast in this room.
= it is possible (for her )to have breakfast in this room.
20. To be not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth: không đáng, vô ích làm gì
VD: It’s not worth making him get up early
= There is no point in making him getting early
21. S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + get/be used to +Ving /N: quen làm gì
VD: She is accustomed to getting up early.
= She is used to getting up early.
22. Remember + to do Sth = Don’t forget + to do Sth: nhớ, đừng quên
VD: I remember to have a Maths test tomorrow
= I don't forget to have a Maths test tomorrow.
23.  Why don’t you do sth? = S + advise + O + to V1 = Let’s + V = S + suggest + (O) + Ving: đề nghị
VD: Why don’t you get up early next morning?
= She suggests me getting up early next morning.
= She advises me to get up early next morning.
= Let’s get up early next morning.
24. S + ask/ request/ want/ get + O + to V1 = S + have + O + V1: yêu cầu ai làm gì
VD: Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room.
= Police have him identify the other man in the next room.

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 VD: The teacher request students to learn by heart this poem.
= The teacher have students learn by heart this poem.
VD: I want her to lend me
= I have her lend me.
25. Shall we + V1 = What about + Ving = Do you consider + Ving: đề nghị, rủ rê
VD: Shall we go to the library now?
= What about going to the library now?
26. Could you + V1 = Could/ Would you pleased + V1 = Would you mind + Ving: bạn có phiền làm gì
VD: Could you turn off the light?
= Would you mind turning off the light?
= Could you please turn off the light?
27. expect + to V1 = look forward to + Ving: mong chờ, mong đợi
VD: I expect to talk to my teacher again.
= I look forward to talking to my teacher again.
PRACTISE:
1. Mr. Brown drew that painting in 3 weeks.
 It took _____________________________________________
 Mr. Brown spent _____________________________________________
2. It takes her 30 minutes to clean the floor every day.
 She spends _____________________________________________
3. Mary is so young that she can’t take care of her sister alone.
 Mary is too _____________________________________________
4. Are you going to the seaside this summer?
 Have you planned on _____________________________________________?
5. Shall we invite our friends on Sundays?
 Do you consider _____________________________________________?
6. Harry worked so hard that he couldn’t have time for his children.
 Harry worked too _____________________________________________
7. Pete usually cooks dinner in 2 hours.
 It _____________________________________________(take)
 Pete _____________________________________________ (spend)
8. Would you please give me a hand?
 Would you mind _____________________________________________ ?
9. Why don’t we stay at home for a change?
 I suggest _____________________________________________
10. Working in a team is really helpful.
 It is _____________________________________________
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11. Shall we go for a ride?
 What about _____________________________________________?
12. Don’t you remember that you met her last week?
 I’m sorry I cannot remember _____________________________________________
13. He didn’t say goodbye to anyone when he left the room.
 He left the room without _____________________________________________.
14. He likes to read books than to watch television.
 He prefers _____________________________________________
15. Asking him for help is useless.
 It’s no _____________________________________________.
 It is _____________________________________________.
16. We expect to meet them again.
 We look forward _____________________________________________
17. Shall we go for a walk ?
è What about _____________________________________________?
18. Why don’t we visit our teacher ?
è I suggest _____________________________________________
19. I am very pleased that we shall meet again soon.
è I’m looking _____________________________________________
20. It is really quite easy to learn English .
è Learning _____________________________________________
21. I don’t want to go to the movie tonight.
è I don’t feel like _____________________________________________
22. Complaining about the matter is useless now.
è It is _____________________________________________
 It’s no use _____________________________________________
23. It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour.
è It’s better to avoid _____________________________________________
24. I expect that he will get there by lunchtime.
è I expect him _____________________________________________
25. I remember someone telling me the news.
è I remember being _____________________________________________
26. Could you turn the radio down, please?
èWould you mind _____________________________________________?
27. The ant isn’t big enough to harm you.
 The ant _____________________________________________.(too…to)
 The ant is _____________________________________________ (so…that)

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28. Mark is rich. He can buy a lot of cars.
 Mark _____________________________________________.(enough…to)
 Mark _____________________________________________ (so…that)
29. Henry was so short that he couldn’t join in the volleyball team.
 Henry _____________________________________________.(enough…to)
 Henry _____________________________________________ (too…to)
30. The coffee was so hot that Susan couldn’t drink.
 The coffee was _____________________________________________.(enough…to)
 The coffee was _____________________________________________ (too…to)
31. Kelly spent 3 days making a present for her boyfriend.
 It _____________________________________________ (take)
32. Hanah often spends 3 hours reading books in the library.
 It _____________________________________________.(take)
33. He gets used to working with his team in the office.
 He is accustomed _____________________________________________
34. Would you mind telling me her phone number?
 Could you please _____________________________________________?
35. Jane drove fast because she didn’t want to be late for school.
 Jane drove fast not to _____________________________________________
36. They can do the test with high mark in a short time.
 It’s possible _____________________________________________.
37. They let me come in the room without the card.
 They allow _____________________________________________
38. Don’t forget to call me after you get home.
 Remember _____________________________________________
39. It is really happy to help others in diffuculty.
 Helping _____________________________________________ (helping)
40. He prefers working at the office to traveling with his friends at weekend.
 He would rather _____________________________________________

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 Tense transformation
Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning.

1.I have played football for ages.

 It’s____________________ ____________________.

2.I haven’t been to Ha long for three years.

 It’s __________________________________________.

 The last time ________________________________________________.

3.She hasn’t seen her mother since she left for Pairs.

She last ______________________________________________________.

4.The last time I went to Hanoi was over four years ago.

I haven’t ________________________________________________.

It’s ________________________________________________________.

5.I last saw her when she returned to her home town.

I have _____________________________________________.

6.How long have you sold your old house?

When ___________________________________________.

7.She hasn’t spoken Japanese before.

It’s ______________________________________________________.

8.This is the first time she has driven a car.

She has __________________________________________________.

9.I haven’t heard from him since July.

I last ________________________________________________.

The last time __________________________________________.

10.My aunt has been teaching English for 40 years.

 My aunt started _________________________________________________.

11. It’s ages since I took any photos.

- I have ____________________________________________________.
12. Tom has not had his hair cut for a month.
- It’s _____________________________________________.

- The last time ___________________________________________.

- Tom last _________________________________________________.

13. Tom hasn’t seen ‘Titanic” before.

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- It’s __________________________________________.
14. The last time I was abroad was in the summer of 2000.
- I last ____________________________________________________.

- I have _____________________________________________.
15. Tom last watched T.V on New Year’s Day.
- Tom has ____________________________________________.

- The last time _____________________________________________.

16. It’s three months since the windows were last cleaned.
- The windows has _________________________________________.

- The last time ___________________________________________.

- The windows ______________________________________(last).

17. My friends began studying English fifteen years ago.
- My friends have _______________________________________.
18. My father hasn’t played football since 1980.
- The last time _____________________________________________.

- My father last ________________________________________.

19. He hasn’t drunk any beer since the accident happened.
- He last ___________________________________________.
20. My brother started smoking two years ago.
- My brother has __________________________________________.
21. We haven’t met Tom since he got married.
- We last ________________________________________________.
22. This is the first time I ate this kind of food.
- I have ___________________________________________.
23. It’s four years since I got married.
- I have __________________________________________.
24. He has been working for this factory for three years.
- He started __________________________________________.
25. This is the first time I have read this book.
- I have _____________________________________________.