The Importance
of Culture
‘great deal of attention has been paid to making schools better.
Policymakers want to get schools to change quickly and be
more responsive to state mandates. The favored response has been to
tighten up structures, standardize the curriculum, test student per-
formance, and make schools accountable. In the short term, these
solutions may pressure schools to change some practices and tem-
pporarily raise test scores. Inthe long term, such structural demands
‘can never rival the power of cultural expectations, motivations, and
values,
‘Ata deeper level all oranizations,incleding school, improve performance by
fostering shared system of norms flkeays, values, and traditions. These infuse
‘an enterprise with passion purpose anda sense of prt Without strong, os
tive culture, schools founder and die. The culture of schoo or distit pays 2
central ole in exemplary performance.
Tes the same in any ater vetting, Whether itis «Starbucks coffee bar, 2
Southwest fight, @ Nordstrom department store, people function best when
Ay prone ll tall ae hey value ental iy an aig
fal raditions.
‘The key to succsfl school performance heart and spirit infused into rea
onships among people their effort to sere al students, ad a shared sens of
responsibilty fo learning. Without heart and spirit nourished by cultural ways,
woschools become letning ictories devoid of soul and pasion, dead cultres
without spi
Strong, poe school cukures do not ast happen They are built overtime
by those who wotk in and attend the school and by the fia and informal
leaders who encourage and reinforce values and traditions. Many schools limp
long with 2 weak oF unfocused caltere due to pasty of leadership and a
lack of concern, But there ae just as many other school that are ourshing
because ofa strong, passionate culture. These are supported and nourished by
teacher leaders and school principals who consciously of enconsciusly rein
force the best thatthe school and its staff can become, Schools with unfocused
caltues are barely surviving, whereas schools with stong, positive cultures are
rich in purpose and abundant in tation and mesning
‘The central concern ofthis bok isthe development of meaningfl and pro:
Aoatv schools Leaders mus shape and nourish altar in which every teacher
can makea dference and every child can lear and in which here re passion for
and commitment to designing nd promoting the absolte bes thats posse
WHAT Is SCHOOL CULTURE?
‘The notion of school culture is fa fom new. In 1932, edustonal sociologist
Willard Waller (1932) argued tht every school has a cite of ts own, with a
set of rituals and flkways and a moral code that shapes bavi and relation
ships Parents and students have always detected the speci, har-o-piapoint
espritof school
Students who have attended several schools can pick up the culture imme
ity as they work to become part ofthe mix. When they enter «new school,
they know that things are diferent in postive oF negate way that encom
ses more than just ules procedures.
‘Staff members who walk into a new school also pick up the culture immedi
ately. They consciously or intuitively begin to interpret unwriten rules, unstated
expectations, and underground flkways Within the frst hour ofa new asin
‘ment, teachers begin to if through the deep silt of expectations norms, and
rituaetolearn what it means to become an accepted member ofthe schoo.
‘The culture i alo embeded in an informal cultural network, Staff men-
bes ofen take on roles in that network Almost every schoo 8 aletion of
-eepers of the values who socialize new hie, gossips who transit information,
‘The Shaping choo! Gre leldbookstortlles who keep history and lore alive, nd heroines or heroes who act a
‘exemplars of core values. In contrast, n osc caltares one often finds "keepers
‘ofthe nightmare" who perpetuate everyting that has gone awry, rumor mos
‘gers who share only hostile gossip negative storytellers who pas om pessimistic
history ant-heoine or anti-heroes who ae hari exmplars and others whe