Under the British, modern Pakistan was mostly divided into the 

Sind Division, Punjab Province, and the Baluchistan Agency. There were

various princely states, of which the largest was Bahawalpur.
A rebellion in 1857 called the Sepoy mutiny of Bengal was the region's major armed struggle against the British. [66] Divergence in
the relationship between Hinduism and Islam created a major rift in British India that led to motivated religious violence in British India.
[67]
 The language controversy further escalated the tensions between Hindus and Muslims. [68] The Hindu renaissance witnessed an awakening
of intellectualism in traditional Hinduism and saw the emergence of more assertive influence in the social and political spheres in British
India.[69] A Muslim intellectual movement, founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan to counter the Hindu renaissance, envisioned as well as
advocated for the two-nation theory[70] and led to the creation of the All-India Muslim League in 1906