IPR

1. IPR and economy- https://www.khuranaandkhurana.com/2021/03/10/the-role-of-

intellectual-property-rights-in-economic-development/
2. F

Intellectual monopoly

Copyleft/Copyright

1. Copyright law only protects expression of ideas, not ideas per se, while patent law
protects ideas that have commercial potential. Software patents, therefore, are patents
which cover software ideas, ideas people would use in developing software. Thus
software patent regime is a more dangerous obstacle to all software development than
software copyrights

Free software

Plant diversity act

1. Free resources necessary for under(developing) countries to give an equal opportunity to

their agriculture. Country like india needs it most
2. Resources are mostly used by people working at farms. If they have bought such a
genetic seed then they should also sell it for high. Farmers should work to actually pay
for access to these seeds
3. They cannot pay as most of them already dealing with basic needs, hence such seeds is a
boon in disguise. Can rely on them and use such IPR-free resources for betterment of
their country
4. From the first day itself, not IPR-free. The databases have valid licence to use them and
not libgen,sci-hub. Money involved for indexing journals to databases
5. Even copyright act has some exception- which includes academic work
6. Preparing such seeds also require mental-toiling and great intellectual efforts
7. Databases have privacy mechanism to maintain data about journals and authors. But
nothing for sci-hub to protect
8.

Free academic resources/classroom teaching

1. Free resources necessary for under(developing) countries to give an equal opportunity to

their young youth
2. Resources are mostly used by people pursuing college or later, Young youth should work
to actually pay for access to these databases
 3. They cannot work and pay as most of them already dealing with basic needs, hence
libgen is a boon in disguise. Can rely on them and use such IPR-free resources for
betterment of their country
4. From the first day itself, not IPR-free. The databases have valid licence to use them and
not libgen,sci-hub. Money involved for indexing journals to databases
5. Even copyright act has some exception- which includes academic work
6. Academic work also require mental-toiling and great intellectual efforts
7. Databases have privacy mechanism to maintain data about journals and authors. But
nothing for sci-hub to protect

Covid vaccines and patent waiver

1. Patnet waiver necessary for accessibility and affordability for developing countries
2. PW would discourage researchers and scientist if work not valued.
3. PW necessary for greater good
4. Invention also necessary for greater good otherwise still reading w candles
5. Underdeveloped countries cannot afford good IPR mechanism because costly
6. If no IPR regime then a country is only taker, not giver.
7. If PW, then even the costly research work expense would not be able to cover up
8. Expense would be covered when it would be given to developed countries without PW.
Asking PW only for developing/under-developed countries

Economy and IPR

1. IPR mechanism required. Would encourage Indians for invention. Uphold atmanirbhar
bharat’s vision for startups
2. But such start-ups, especially wrt pharma industry, IPR would make them costly and
unaffordable
3. Pharma is strong in india but healthcare infra is weak. Such pharma invention should
work for public at large rather personal gains. Reward should be subjective. It should be
the satisfaction of creating employment
4. Personal gains? It was something made them on their own with own IPR, they should get
some reward even in a developing country like india.
5. To advance in science, need access to IP of developed countries
6. If no reward and weak ipr then no FDI in a country, no competition
7.

Compulsory licensing

1. FAVOR: by allowing piracy, developing and underdeveloped countries can ensure

availability of needed goods and services to their citizens at affordable prices.
2. The local industries which produce counterfeit goods employee thousands of workers
and therefore reduce unemployment.
3. In order to advance in science and technology, third world countries need maximum
access to intellectual property of advanced nations.
4. More than 80% patents in developing and underdeveloped countries are owned by
citizens of technologically advanced countries. Consequently, the governments of third
world countries are not willing to spend huge amounts in developing effective
administrative mechanism to enforce IPRs of citizens of advanced states

5. AGAINST: Firstly, patents, especially on pharmaceuticals, are harmful to developing and

underdeveloped countries lacking their own domestic and technical infrastructure; patents
may become an impediment in economic growth of such countries and availability of
necessities to population of such countries. Threat of non-voluntary licensing may be
helpful in negotiating a reasonable price of the needed drug acceptable to both the patent
owner and the government

6. Secondly, opposition of compulsory licensing by advanced countries may raise thoughts

of „neocolonialism‟ because patent protection disproportionately favors advanced
countries as developing countries have much fewer patents to protect.

7. Thirdly, compulsory licensing of pharmaceutical patents sometimes becomes inevitable

to save lives of the populace by ensuring accessibility of drugs at affordable prices; it can
be used to break up monopolies and cartels, which are some of the abuses of patent rights
[18].

8. Fourthly, sometimes delay in development of important technology is caused due to

deadlocks between the improver and the original patentee. For instance, “holdup
problems” occurred in the Wright Brothers [19] and Marconi [20] cases. Similarly, the
broad Edison lamp patent [21] slowed down progress in the incandescent lighting field.
Compulsory licensing can be used as an effective tool to resolve these deadlocks by
pressurizing the original patentee to come to the terms of an agreement with the improver
[22]. It can therefore help in generating rapid technical progress [23].

9. Fifthly, compulsory licensing becomes inevitable to deal with the situations of „patent
suppression‟. By incorporating an effective mechanism of compulsory licensing,
governments of developing countries may pressurize the patent holders to work the patent
to maximum national advantage [24].
10. Sixthly, compulsory licensing might be necessary in situations where its refusal may
prevent utilization of another important invention which can be significant for
technological advancement or economic growth.
 11. Seventhly, the proponents of compulsory licensing argue that compulsory licensing does
not discourage research and development because the costs incurred on research are
recovered from sales of the patented products in the advanced states of the world having
stringent patent protection [25].
12. it is argued that compulsory licensing plays a vital role in developing and fostering a
local generic pharmaceutical industry.
13. Apart from economic arguments, use of compulsory licensing to protect the public
interest can be defended on social justice grounds; strict adherence to patent protection
can hardly be recommended at the cost of human lives.

IPR and Privacy

Atmanirbhar bharat and ipr

CML ODISHA FISHERIES

1. https://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/28576/1/Adopting%20gap%20in
%20scientific%20fish%20production%20practices%20among%20fish%20farmers%20in
%20tripura.pdf
2. https://investodisha.gov.in/download/Odisha_Fisheries_Policy_2015.pdf
3. https://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/Case%20study%206%20Odisha.pdf
4. https://www.cseindia.org/cases-on-protection-of-lakes-2559
5. https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/sea-mouths-crisis

PMLA AND CONTRACT

1. https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2020/06/04/reverse-burden-of-proof-under-section-
24-of-the-prevention-of-money-laundering-act-2002-obligation-of-the-prosecution-and-
the-accused-and-at-what-stage-can-this-provision-be-invoked/
2. https://lawschoolpolicyreview.com/2021/04/17/prevention-of-money-laundering-act-and-
the-right-against-self-incrimination/
3. https://hbr.org/insight-center/race-equity-and-power-at-work
4. https://www.ifa.org.uk/technical-resources/aml/who-needs-aml-supervision
5. https://iclg.com/practice-areas/anti-money-laundering-laws-and-regulations/united-
kingdom
6. https://iclg.com/practice-areas/anti-money-laundering-laws-and-regulations/united-
kingdom
7. https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/guides/variations-to-contracts-and-changes-in-
the-law
8. https://taxguru.in/income-tax/5-ways-people-convert-black-money-white-money.html
9. https://www.livemint.com/money/personal-finance/how-you-can-prove-source-of-cash-
deposits-to-escape-income-tax-scrutiny-11575880436967.html
10. https://www.bajajfinserv.in/insights/why-does-your-lender-need-your-income-
verification
11. https://www.fatf-gafi.org/faq/moneylaundering/
12. http://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~bhaskarr/documents/FQM_RZ20.pdf
13. https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/prevention-of-money-laundering-act-why-
pmla-needs-a-relook/1283175/