POVERTY AS A CHALLENGE

1.What is poverty?
Poverty is a situation in which a person is unable to get the minimum basic
necessities of life, i.e., food, clothing and shelter for his or her sustenance.

2.What is BPL?
Or
What is Poverty Line?
Answer:
In India, the concept of Poverty line is used as a measure of absolute poverty. So
BPL (Below Poverty Line) is a line which demarcate the people, who are living below
the poverty from those, who are living above the poverty line.

3. What are the major objectives of the Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana?
Answer:

 The Yojana was launched in 1993.

 The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities for
educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns.
 Under this unemployed are helped in setting up small business and industries.

4. What do you understand by human poverty?

Answer:
(i) Human poverty is a broader concept of poverty. Along with food it also includes
other necessities of life like education, shelter, health care, job, security, social
equality, etc.

5.“There is a strong link between economic growth and poverty reduction.”

Explain.
Answer.

 Over a period of thirty years lasting up to the early eighties, there were little per
capita income growth and not much reduction in poverty. Official poverty
estimates which were about 45 per cent in the early 1950s remained the same
even in the early eighties.
 Since the eighties, India’s economic growth has been one of the fastest in the
world. The growth rate jumped from the average of about 3.5% a year in the
1970s to about 6 % cent during the 1980s and 1990s. The higher growth rates
have helped significantly in the reduction of poverty.
 Economic growth widens opportunities and provides the resources needed to
invest in human development.
6. Explain some measures which have been taken by the government to
remove poverty. [CBSE 2015]
Or
Describe the current government strategy to remove poverty in India.
Answer:
(i) National Rural Employ-ment Guarantee Act (NREGA) 2005: It was passed in
September 2005. The Act provides 100 days assured employment every year to
every rural household in 200 districts. Later, the scheme will be extended to 600
districts. One-third of the proposed jobs would be reserved for women. The central
government will also establish National Employment Guarantee Funds. Similarly,
state governments will establish State Employment Guarantee Funds for the
implementation of the scheme. Under the programme, if an applicant is not provided
employment within fifteen days, he/she will be entitled to a daily unemployment
allowance.

(ii) National Food for Work Programme (NFWP): It was launched in 2004 in 150 most
backward districts of the country. The programme is open to all rural poor, who are in
need of wage employment, and desire to do manual unskilled work. It is
implemented as a 100 per cent centrally sponsored scheme, and food grains are
provided free of cost to the states. Once the NREGA is in force, the NFWP will be
subsumed within this programme.

(iii) The Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY): It was started in 1993. The aim of
the programme is to create self-employment opportunities for the educated
unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns. They are helped in setting up
small business and industries.

(iv) Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP): It was launched in 1995.

The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities in rural areas
and small towns. A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for the
programme under the Tenth Five Year Plan.

(v) Swamajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY): It was launched in 1999. The
programme aims at bringing the assisted poor families
above the poverty line by organising them into self-help groups through a j mix of
bank credit and government subsidy.

(vi) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY): It was launched in 2000, additional
central assistance is given to states for basic services such as primary health,
primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrification.

7. Explain any three major reasons for a widespread poverty in India.

Or
Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India.
Answer:
 British Rule: Britishers ruled India more than 100 years. Prior to the British rule,
traditional industries, for instance, textiles, flourished in India. During the British
rule, the government adopted policies to discourage such industries. This left
millions of weavers poor. Even after fifty years of independent India, we can
find a major section of the people engaged handicraft industries as ,
downtrodden.
 Lack of industrialisation: India is very backward from the industrial point of
view. Hardly 3 per cent of the total working population is engaged in the large-
scale industry.
 Over dependence on agriculture Even after more than 60 years of
independence more than 60 per cent of our total population still depends on
agriculture for its livelihood. Due to shortage of inputs, our agriculture is
backward.
 Inflationary pressure: Upward trend in prices adversely affects the poor
sections of the society.
  Unemployment: Due to lack of job opportunities, more than 90 lakhs of our
total working force is unemployed