‘Table of Contents Preface .. General .... 2-1. Composition .. 2-2. Features .. 2-3. Specifications ..........6..eee Outline of Circuitry .. Description of Each Circuit ..........+ 4-1. Square wave generating circuit ... 4-2. Space charge compensation circuit ..... 4-3. mA regulating circuit for fluoroscopy .. 4 mA regulating circuit for radiography ..... 4-5. Main transistor control circuit ... 4-6. Power reduction circuit ....-. 4-7, Protective CiTCUIL ...eeeseeeee eee eeee 4-8, Relay circuit .. 10 12 u 16 92-1. Preface Conventionally, the X-ray tube current control unit has constant-voltage transformer and enamelized resistor equipped with band to regulate and stabilize the tube current. Recently, however, it has become possible to employ semiconductors owing to the process of semiconductor technology. In this system, the filament current of X-ray tube is controlled by the operational amplifier (OP AMP) and power transistor and adjusted by the trimmer. Hence, various performances in manufacture and usage are greatly improved. General Composition This mechanism consists of the following four units, plus a variable resistor and three enamelized resistors. ) mA selector-B (2) mA regulator-B (3) mA control-10B (4) Transistor unit-10 ns | cggnteol power} selector-B mA, regulator-B 4 Enamelized resistorsFeatures @) @) (3) @) (5) (6) (7) Power transistor Because the filament current of X-ray tube is controlled by power transistor, a higher stability can be obtained than the employment of thyristor to control the phase. ‘Again, no noise will be generated. Standardization Since the circuits are divided into each unit, standardization will be possible by connecting them to various X-ray high-tension apparatus, Higher reliability Printed circuitry or standardization has surely increased the relia bility of the circuits. Easy adjustment Tube current adjusted by the trimmer--adjustment is remarkably easier than using the band of enamelized resistor. Heightened precision ‘The compensation circuit that changes the filament current has been improved so that tube current may not alter regardless of tube voltage fluctuations. That is to say, as the filament current varies non- linearly with respect to the tube voltage fluctuations, the tube current can be adjusted in a higher precision. Furthermore, because the portion compensated is to be nullified in the vicinity of 60 kV, adjustment of usual tube current and that of compen- sation above can be done independently. Independence of X-ray tube selector Each X-ray tube is provided with nine selections of tube current. ‘Therefore, an X-ray tube can be used in various services. Protective circuit ‘This device is provided with the protective circuit to be used in case the power transistor or diode or other part of filament current circuitshould break down, and with the special circuit designed to make the radiography procedure unable in case the filament current fails to flow. 2-3. Specifications (1) Power source f NOTE) Power source of +15 V, +12 V, and -15 V should be of stabilized DC source. —o 190V 1A [| 34V 03A oO ov ws ——? J R-KV egy se | sR TE ow & o.oo FrkV REG. {___KVE, . * R-mA REG. KV -o F-KV IrvPE 200V : 157.9V/150kV lryPE 400V : 315.8V/150kY (2) Insulating transformer rmer intended to insulate ment circuit shall have @ tu the low-tension side and high- ‘The transfo rn ratio of 5.5 : 1. tension side of fila(3) a) ») °) (4) a) ») Rating Maximum usable filament Large focus (Circlex, 2P13 & 33, 2U10) current Resistance —Voltage Power 5.6A 2.7 ohms 16 Vv 84W *1,.02A * 80 ohms * 82 V *84W (* As converted to low-tension side. ) small focus (Circlex, 1P13 & 33, 1U10) Current Resistance —-Voltage Power 5.6A 2 ohms uv 63 W *1.02A * 60 ohms *62V *63W (* As converted to low-tension side. ) Loss of circuit resistance Cables are of standard length. Current Resistance Voltage Power 1.02A 26 ohms 26.5.V 27W (Figures as converted to low-tension side.) Line voltage drop Allowable line voltage drop during radiography should be 80 %. mA selector Each X-ray tube has nine selections of position, i.e. 30, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 700 mA ( HD 150). At the same time, X-ray tube focus can be changed as required. It ts necessary though to provide an X-ray tube changer separately.Q | Power source cc) Filament voltage ~] controlling transistor Outline of Circultry Figure 3-1 is the skeleton diagram of the circultry of this control unit. (8) Transformer for detecting filament voltage (9) Full-wave rectifying diode (2) insulating ransformer é (8). X-ray tube 4 z- (5) Variable resistor for Xray tube current regulation Resistor for detect: ing filamen = (4) Dc constant-voltage power source ee 1) Auxiliary (gy Operational amplifier transistor (00 Square wave generating circuit Fig. 3-1 In Fig. 3-2 are displayed the voltage waveforms at each part of Fig. S-1--a, Py ¢, a, and d' corresponding to the parts of circuit pointed out in Fig. 3-1. The DC voltage stabilized by the constant-voltage power source (4) In Fg- 3-1 is impressed to the variable resistor (6) and, being adjusted according to the x-ray tube current to be used by this variable resistor (5), 1s further added to the noninverting input terminal of operational amplifier (6). The voltage on the second wiering of (8) 1s rectifiered with full-wave rectifying diode, and is added to the inverting input terminal of (6)- the resistor (12) for detecting filament voltage is also connected between the inverting input terminal of (6) and the circuit common line. Insuccession, the output from (6) is fed to the base of filament current controlling| TT 5 Fig. 3-2 transistor (7). Next, at the square wave generating circuit (10), since a square wave as shown in (©) of Fig. 3-2 is being generated, the transistor (11) will be kept alive while a voltage of (b) is present. In consequence, the output of operational amplifier will be short-circuited for this period, permitting no voltage to impress to the base of transistor (7). In this circuit, as a result, a voltage as in (c) of Fig. 3-2 will be impressed to both ends of filament voltage detecting resistor (12). Then, because of a high amplification of the operational amplifier (6), the output voltage of variable resistor (5) coincides with the peak value of the voltage impressed to the resistor (12). ‘Therefore, stable square waves are always added to the filament of X-ray tube. In sum, this relatively stable circuit can keep the filament current always stable in spite of line voltage fluctuations. Or, as the filament current control is effected by changing the amplitude of voltage (c) of Fig. 3-2, linear control is realized. Again, time lag is zero.peseription of Each Circult phe connection diagrams of each unit are as follows: Q mA selector-10 501-07023 (2) mA regulator-10 501-07027 (3) mA control-10B 5501-07171 (4) Transistor ‘unit-10 501-06663 4-1, Square wave generating circuit ak toil 2c SF 3g a 2a] 3] one: Bee -15V0 ov oF Ret | OTe 7.02 pie 401/50 sak J Azz-01 AN-03, TICE, 151588 07-05 RIB 92-01 sc wy, Fig. 4-1-1El E2 E3 E4 ES E6 ET E8 E9 E10 El E12 E13 EM EIS ‘Terminal 25 VA Terminal 25 VB cA Capacitor C5-01 L wy ~ ‘ Resistor R14-01 Terminal 3 of Al-01 Terminal 3 of Al-02 Terminal 6 of Al-01 ‘Terminal 6 of Al-02 Terminal 2 of Al-03 Terminal 3 of Al-04 Terminal 6 of Al-03 Terminal 6 of Al-04 Check terminal 2 a Collector of Q2-03 7 Full-wave rectified waveform of power source Fig. 4-1-2 terminals aor mm mr Voltage waveforms between terminal OV and variousE | This circuit is intended to generate square waves synchronized with power source voltage. The connection of this circuit is demonstrated in Fig. 4-1-1, and the voltage waveforms at each part of this clrouit in Fig. 4-1-2. ‘As seen from Fig. 4-1-2, the collector voltage (E14) of transistor Q2-03 at the output end of this circuit is a square wave voltage in phase of power source voltage. ‘Angle #1 and ¢» inthe chart are about 53° each. Since the change of power source frequency alters the impedance of C5-01 and C5-02, varying angles @ and %2, when the local frequency is 60 Hz this variation is compensated by short-circuiting the terminal {ig| .space charge compensation circuit as] 2 Es HSV res F203 510 00K ru “ fara) 10 a2. van 1K Bcinv ox. ee 66 rie ra2-08 LK "00K Yaw_ascany ov Torn Geran aso 0202 = cen | Ss "Bike P10 y2.05 may I Saree Fie nee 3K rox 4 ma COMP oe soz J,01 nese RROD | eae BK 3 Fi WSFA Rvro1 jaw "vf SFY NS a0 at tbl RES. Fig. 4-2-1 -10-About About okV y tube voltage Ex {VI Compensated voltage Ec [V1 Fig. 4-2-2 ‘An X-ray tube has such a characteristic that tube current varies somewhat when tube voltage is changed even at an identical filament current. This circuit, compensating for this change, serves to pass always a constant tube current even if the tube voltage undergoes & fluctuation. such compensation is not a conventionally adopted linear one, but a non-linear one as shown in Fig. 4-2-2 so as to achieve 2 more accurate tube current regulation. ‘The compensated voltage experiences & change in its inclination at about 60 kV and 90 kV points, and the polarity is changed at about 60 KV point. Figure 4-2-1 is the connection diagram of this cireuit. To terminals PVS and PV 4 Is impressed an AC voltage proportional to the X-ray tube voltage in fluoroscopy and radiography. Its value is 15 V/150 KV. Then, this voltage is rectified, and smoothed by capacitor C10. The positive side of C10 is connected to the DC power source of +6.5 V- ‘therefore, if the X-ray tube voltage is lower than about 60 kV, the voltage of the negative side of C10, that is, the compensated voltage will be a positive potential with respect to terminal OV of power source. Diodes D7-07 and D7-08 are designed to change the inclination of compensated and 90 kV respectively ‘And, to non-inverting input voltage at around 60 KV terminal 3 of OP AMP A1-05 is impressed 2 compensated voltage Ec Vv ‘as shown in Fig. 4-2-2. It is then subjected to current amplification by -1l-'A1-08 and transistors Ql and °2-02, and a compensated voltage Eq V 1s impressed to terminal KCM. in turn this voltage is impressed to the mA regulating circults for fluoroscopy and radiography. mA regulating circuit for fluoroscopy FIUO. mA RES. = es a] ae] +2V ns a R22-03 At08 "| i Se eeeee [MEE payor aie Ke : —_ },| aio F le va tk Br . a m0 al | deohes oe brs ew Took ZL SMe uz 4 ‘aw wsc37y ov i sor 0202 = rs 0-05 — space ae 3K. a A Fma COMP on 5-02 01 Se 1s ie OY Komi po — Fig. 4-3-1 Figure 4-3-1 illustrates the connection diagram of this circuit. The DC voltage adjusted by mA regulator for fluoroscopy is impressed to terminal FM3. The maximum tube current adjustable by this regulator -12-E i shall be determined by variable resistor VR1-01. Further, the output voltage of space charge compensation circuit explained above is impressed to variable resistor VR1-02, which regulates this com- pensated voltage. ‘at check terminal 3 appears the half of a sum of terminal FM3 voltage and \R1-02 output voltage. And then, this voltage Is impressed to the input terminal of main transistor control circult (terminal 3 of 0P AMP A1-06) by way of the normally open contact of relay K1-SF1 and normally closed circult of K1-C. In operation, relay K1-SF1 starts to work when the technique selector is set to "FLUO.-SPOT,", but is kept inoperative at the time of spot filming (while relay K-C is in action). Besides, relay K1-C functions when "READY" operation is performed. -13-mA regulating circuit for radiography as} = He] 2] sav “15 Re a0 a” i a 2 ar ‘ YANCE ap.92 Fina AO! R10 var —*} 1K Tox és coor |, aroal | yLesordgceor | E> Lacon a eee 2/0 910 iw oieey | DP Fm be L 100K 2. ‘aw _ascanv an 1 R501 0202 si im aN-05 5] fey ||| ia Fa COMP i R502 0 305 2 alee Ko _ He f toma Fig. 4-4-1 Figure 4-4-1 shows the connection diagram of this circuit, in which the connection of mA regulator and mA selector is diagramed only roughly--for detailed drawings see Dwg. 501-07027 (mA regulator-B) and 501-07023 (mA selector-B). Initially a line voltage of +15 V and an output voltage (at terminal KCM) of space charge compensating circuit are impressed to mA regulator. -14-‘ghe following explanation proceeds in accordance with the connection diagram of mA regulator. variable resistors RA-11, RACI2, ..-- » RI-12, Ri-13 of mA regulator are respectively responsible for the adjustment of reference tube current of each mA value in each X-ray tube, adjusting at the tube voltage of about GOKV. on the other hand, variable resistors RA~2), RA-22, ..- » RI-22, RI-23 are respectively designed to compensate for the tube current fluctuation due to tube voltage of each mA value of each X-ray tube, adjusting at the tube voltage of around 90 kV. ‘The half of a sum of these two voltages thus adjusted comes out at terminals MAIL, MA12, MA2, ..-, MA. im succession, the voltage determined by mA selector and X-ray tube appear at terminal CR1. Next, refer to Fig. 4-4-1. Consequently, this voltage comes out at check terminal CRS via terminals R2 and CR3; CR2 and CRS, to be used at the time of auto-shot service, are normally short-circuited when out of use. Finally, passing through the normally open contact of relay K1-C, the voltage is impress sed to the input terminal (terminal 3 of OP AMP A1-06) of main transistor control circuit. -15-Main tranalstor control circuit ea Tae ‘mansist0 UM -16- Fig. 4-5-1phe connection diagram of this clreult ts displayed in Fig. 4-5-1, The DC voltage adjusted by the mA regulating clreults for fluoroscopy and radiography is Impressed to the non-inverting Input terminal of OP AMP {A1-06, It is subjected to current amplification by A1-06. In other words, a yoltage identical to that Impressed to input terminal 3 of A1-06 appears A tho output terminal 6. The current extractable therefrom is determined by the rating of A1-06, regardless of the input side resistance, ‘The output voltage of A1-06 is connected to the collector of output transistor 2-03 in square wave generating circuit through the capacitor and resistor. Hence, a square wave voltage is impressed to the non-inverting input eis terminal 3 of OP AMP 1-07 of the next Square wave stage. But this square wave voltage exhibits Input voltage anan a somewhat dull of Al-02 waveform because of ee the effect of capacitor and resistor. By this, generation of noise is prevented (see Fig. 4-5-2). ‘The output voltage of OP AMP A1-07, after undergoing current amplification at transistor Q2-03, is impressed to the base of main transistor of tran- sistor unit-10, by way of resistor, diodes and terminal TB. ‘The collector of this main transistor is connected to the positive terminals of full-wave rectifying diodes D5-02 thru DS-05 in the filament current circuit via terminal TC, diodes, and normally closed contacts of relays K-SF2 and K-M. Meanwhile, the emitter of the main transistor is connected to terminal 0V of DC power source and negative terminals of the said diodes DS-02 thru DS5-05. Thereby, the voltage impressed to the base of this main transistor permits the filament current to flow. -11-‘Then, at both ends of filament voltage detecting resistor R5-03, a voltage proportional to the filament voltage turns up. This voltage Is fed back to inverting input terminal 2 of OP AMP A1-07. Consequently, the voltage appearing at both ends of resistor R5-03 becomes a voltage proportional to the input voltage of A1-07. Whence, the filament voltage of X-ray tube comes to have a waveform and a strength proportional to the input voltage of Al-07. In the meantime, capacitor C1, C2, C3, C4 and C7 are assigned to protect the mechanism from a surge voltage of main transistor and diode, and prevent noise generation by making the square wave much blunter. As for the circuits after the AC side terminal of diodes D5-02 thru D5-05, see par. 4.8. Again, in Fig. 4-5-1, the interior of transistor unit-10 is drawn as if it were a single transistor, but in effect, as seen from the connection diagram of transistor unit-10 (501-0663), it is composed of several transistors. Namely, in order to elevate the amplification, the so-called Darlington connection is adopted, and to increase the permissible power lose the four transistors in the second stage are connected in parallel. By the way, the circuit involving the normally closed circuits of relays K-SF2 and K-M is the power reduction circuit, which is detailed in par. 4-6. “164power reduction circuit & 4-6. - (es) fe} Fal fie 4 % Fig. 4-6-1 TRANSISTOR TRANS! STOR ‘TRANSISTOR UNIT UNIT UNIT ps0 RFia sow 202 a (se) «ey Large focus small focus Fluoroscopy Fig. 4-6-2 -19-Figure 4-6-1 is the circuit diagram of this circuit. Figure 4-6-2 is plotted to illustrate the function of this circuit. ‘The main transistor of this circuit consumes power by tens of watts. In order to prevent temperature rise of transistors, it is necessary to keep the power consumption to a minimum. This circuit is provided for this purpose. ‘The following explanation proceeds according to Fig. 4-6-2. Sketch (A) refers to a large focus. In this case, however, a resistor for power reduction is not required because it is necessary to feed a largest power to the X-ray tube filament. Sketch (B) refers to a small focus. In this case, as the maximum power to be fed to the X-ray tube filament is smaller than that of a large focus, a power reducing resistor RS is connected in series to the collector of main transistor. Fluoroscopy is in sketch (C). Here, because the maximum power to be fed to the X-ray tube filament is further smaller, power reducing resistors RS, RF11 and RF12 are connected in series to the collector of main transistor. Moreover, another power reducing resistor RF2 is provided between the collector and emitter of main transistor. By connecting the RF2, therefore, in the case of fluoroscopy, the filament current exhibits a waveform as shown in Fig. 4-6-3, not a perfect square wave. In consequence, as the line voltage Fig. 4-6-3 varies, the filament current also changes a little, but this variation is almost negligible in the case of fluoroscopy. -20-protective cirouit eansist0n Unt [ca] = ees pai] as a TE[eel [ex H ous Fig. 4-7-1 A semiconductor part will easily break down in a wrong application. In case the main transistor of this unit or any one of diodes D5-02 thru 5-05 should break down, the line voltage is directly impressed to the X-ray tube filament, surely damaging the filament and making the X-ray tube unusable. ad it breakage of filament a diode happens to This circuit, in this connection, serves to preven! and protect the X-ray tube in case the transistor or break down. The connection diagram of this circuit is given in Fig- In which, the OP AMP A1-08 is intended to detect a dam 4-7-1. age of main transistor. To inverting input terminal 2 of ‘A1-08 is impressed a voltage of 8.3 V DC. And, the voltage to be impressed to non-inverting input -21-terminal 3 is lower than 8.3 V as far as the main transistor is working normally. But, if the main transistor should be destroyed, the voltage impressed to terminal 3 of A1-08 exceeds 8.3 V because an exceptionally large voltage appears on resistor R5-03 for detecting the filament voltage. ‘Then a positive voltage appears at output terminal 6, and a current flows into the gate of thyristor D1. In consequence, relay K-BU starts to function, and its contact shuts off the circuit of filament current (see par. 4-8). The operational amplifier OP AMP A1-09 is designed to detect the damage of diodes D5-02 thru D5-05. A voltage of 3.1 V DC is being impressed to non-inverting input terminal of Al-05. And, the voltage to be impressed to inverting input terminal 2 is higher than 3.1 V as far as the diodes are working normally. But is the diodes should break down, its voltage will be zero volt. Then, a positive voltage comes out at output terminal 6, and a current starts to flow into the gate of thyristor Dl. Whence relay K-BU is activated, and its contact shuts off the circuit of filament current. -22-§3 98 §8 68 gy ay au SG S25 ge ge MOSEL WSF? KICK -M ne 4 ag esrb J glo) gle Kt 05-01 3| =| =| 2 3} 5} 3 Bust eset fe =e toi we L rm a6 a) _ Ry J Gene fe Tm] | | coe Lie Lo, Lo Lo Lie Le ch D 2.21500 201 7 Soa] x20 en cH GpAeaRe Koh RAH a3 |aea «5? Es RE, Te} 2-202 ROTC-N FOTO-N ql Gx} a |_| L soo oc st0 I years 108 Il -23-Figure 4-8-1 represents the connection diagram of this circuit. Relays K1-SF1 and K-SF2 are made active when the technique selector is changed to ‘“@y position, but are inactive during spot-filming. Relay K1-C functions when "READY" operation is started or during spot- filming. Relay K-M is active while the small focus is chosen by the mA selector for radiography or during the activation of the said relay K1-SF1. Relay K-H is designed to work while a current is flowing in the X-ray tube filament. The contact of K1-SF1 is used for changing over the mA regulating circuit for fluoroscopy (see par. 4-3) and driving relay K-M (to be described later). The contact of K-SF2 is employed in the changeover of power reduction cireuit (see par. 4-6) and of the terminal CL circuit which is intended to preheat the large focus at the time of fluoroscopy. It is important that the time required for switching from fluoroscopy to spot-filming be kept to a minimum. In this conjunction, also in the course of fluoroscopy (which is conducted with the small focus), the large focus should be preheated to such an extent that no X-ray be generated. Since the filament current control circuit involving the main transistor is employed in the control of fluoroscopic current, the preheating of large focus is effected by a separate circuit. The contact of K1-C is used for changing over the space charge compensation circuit (see par. 4-2) and mA regulating circuit for radiography (see par. 4-4). The contact of K-M serves to change over the power reduction circuit (see par. 4-6) and switch to large focus or small focus. The contact of K-H, being connected between terminals CU1 and CU2, issues a signal to allow irradiation of X-ray to the operation circuit. Again, the contact of relay K-BU explained in connection with the protective circuit is connected in series to the filament current circuit. Therefore, no filament current will flow when the K-BU is activated. Further, as the voltage of 1.199 is sent to terminal BU, the operation of radiography and fluoroscopy can not be effected in the operation circuit, causing the pilot lamp "OVER" to light up. ~ 24 -eo [Gal bat Pee eee ee Sieh ena ef oetoon aig, = Ge ermA CONTROL (mA REG) TRANS c ‘TRANSISTOR ‘TRANSISTOR Ls 2SCB42A 28C 1325, l I Gees Vceo 500¥ Veo 600V Tenet Al 1c GOA pr 50W Pr 80W hre 30-160 re 10-20 Emitter Emitter povyagasyh-10 Base collector Base collector (TRANSISTOR UNIT-10) 501-06663A