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What is conceptual framework in research proposal pdf

The terms theoretical framework and conceptual framework are often used interchangeably to mean the same thing. Although they are both used to understand a research problem and guide the development, collection, and analysis of research, it's important to understand the difference between the two. When working on coursework or dissertation
research, make sure to clarify what is being asked and any specific course or program requirements. Theoretical framework A theoretical framework is a single formal theory. When a study is designed around a theoretical framework, the theory is the primary means in which the research problem is understood and investigated. Although theoretical
frameworks tend to be used in quantitative studies, you will also see this approach in qualitative research. Conceptual framework A conceptual framework includes one or more formal theories (in part or whole) as well as other concepts and empirical findings from the literature. It is used to show relationships among these ideas and how they relate
to the research study. Conceptual frameworks are commonly seen in qualitative research in the social and behavioral sciences, for example, because often one theory cannot fully address the phenomena being studied. Proposals are generally written to solve a problem. A proposal identifies an issue and gives a recommendation to resolve it.
Conceptual frameworks are used to help identify the problem by using a broad set of ideas and theories. Writing a proposal using a conceptual framework is often done by researchers to apply for federal grants. Using a conceptual framework with a proposal helps the researcher identify his problem better and find the best solutions. A good proposal
has nine elements and begins by stating the problem. State the problem. The first step in writing a proposal is to provide a clear explanation of the purpose of the project. It includes the problem, an explanation of why the answer to it is important and an explanation of how the results will benefit the community or organization. Write a literature
review. This section of the proposal shows the readers the relevant literature pertaining to this subject. It should contain reliable citations and references offering credibility that the writer of the paper performed the proper research. Offer your own perspective. The conceptual framework is needed for this section, allowing the researcher to offer his
own perspective and inquiries. The conceptual framework takes the writer's ideas and uses them as a guide and map for the proposal. A personal perspective in a proposal of this kind is important and necessary to develop a solution to the proposed problem. This includes an explanation of which theories and concepts are used in the study and how
they are relevant. Offer a clear hypothesis. With a hypothesis, it is important to explain why testing it will be beneficial. It’s also important to offer information regarding the conceptual framework and how it fits into the hypothesis. Explain your methodology. In the proposal, the methods used for collecting and analyzing data should be revealed. You
need to explain what the methods are, why you chose them and why you believe they are valid. Describe the scope of work. The proposal should state the procedures you will be following along with the sequence of events. A time line is also offered in many proposals that shows the sequence of tasks and the amount of time each will take. Describe the
management plan. This part of the proposal states the people that will be assisting in the project and what responsibilities each person involved will have. State the qualifications of individuals assisting in the project. It is important to include qualified individuals as part of the project. The proposal should offer the qualifications and experience of each
member. Create a budget that is as accurate and detailed as possible. Proposals are usually written to obtain grant money from the government. The agencies offering the grants want to know exactly why the money is needed and where it will be spent. Borrowing Theoretical Constructs from Elsewhere An increasingly important trend in the social
and behavioral sciences is to think about and attempt to understand research problems from an interdisciplinary perspective. One way to do this is to not rely exclusively on the theories developed within your particular discipline, but to think about how an issue might be informed by theories developed in other disciplines. For example, if you are a
political science student studying the rhetorical strategies used by female incumbents in state legislature campaigns, theories about the use of language could be derived, not only from political science, but linguistics, communication studies, philosophy, psychology, and, in this particular case, feminist studies. Building theoretical frameworks based
on the postulates and hypotheses developed in other disciplinary contexts can be both enlightening and an effective way to be more engaged in the research topic. CohenMiller, A. S. and P. Elizabeth Pate. "A Model for Developing Interdisciplinary Research Theoretical Frameworks." The Qualitative Researcher 24 (2019): 1211-1226; Frodeman,
Robert. The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Conceptual research is defined as a methodology wherein research is conducted by observing and analyzing already present information on a given topic. Conceptual research doesn’t involve conducting any practical experiments. It is related to abstract
concepts or ideas. Philosophers have long used conceptual research to develop new theories or interpret existing theories in a different light. For example, Copernicus used conceptual research to come up with the concepts about stellar constellations based on his observations of the universe. Down the line, Galileo simplified Copernicus’s research by
making his own conceptual observations which gave rise to more experimental research and confirmed the predictions made at that time. The most famous example of a conceptual research is Sir Issac Newton. He observed his surroundings to conceptualize and develop theories about gravitation and motion. Einstein is widely known and appreciated
for his work on conceptual research. Although his theories were based on conceptual observations, Einstein also proposed experiments to come up with theories to test the conceptual research. Nowadays, conceptual research is used to answer business questions and solve real-world problems. Researchers use analytical tools called conceptual
frameworks to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas required for research purposes. Learn more: What is Research- Definition, Types, and Purpose Conceptual Research Framework Conceptual research framework constitutes of a researcher’s combination of previous researches and associated work and explains the occurring
phenomenon. It systematically explains the actions needed in the course of the research study based on the knowledge obtained from other ongoing researches and other researchers’ point of view on the subject matter. Here is a stepwise guide on how to create the conceptual research framework: 1. Choose the topic for research: Before you start
working on collecting any research material, you should have decided on your topic for research. It is important that the topic is selected beforehand and should be within your field of specialization. 2. Collect relevant literature: Once you have narrowed down a topic, it is time to collect relevant information around it. This is an important step and
much of your research is dependant on this particular step as conceptual research is mostly based on information obtained from previous researches. Here collecting relevant literature and information is the key to successfully completed research. The material that you should preferably use is scientific journals, research papers published by well-
known scientist and similar material. There is a lot of information available on the internet and public libraries as well. All the information that you find on the internet may not be relevant or true. So before you use the information make sure you verify it. 3. Identify specific variables: Identify the specific variables that are related to the research
study you want to conduct. These variables can give your research a new scope and can also help you identify how these can be related to your research. For example, consider hypothetically you are wanting to conduct a research about an occurrence of cancer in married women. Here the two variables that you will be concentrating on are married
women and cancer. While collecting relevant literature you understand that the spread of cancer is more aggressive in married women who are beyond 40 years of age. Here there is a third variable which is age and this is a relevant variable that can affect the end result of your research. 4. Generate the framework: In this step, you start building
the required framework using the mix of variables from the scientific articles and other relevant materials. The problem statement in your research becomes the research framework. Your attempt to start answering the question becomes the basis of your research study. The study is carried out to reduce the knowledge gap and make available more
relevant and correct information. Learn more: Primary Research- Example, Types, Methods and Purpose Example of Conceptual Research Framework Thesis statement/ Purpose of research: Chronic exposure to sunlight can lead to precancerous (actinic keratosis), cancerous (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma) and even
skin lesions (caused by loss of skin’s immune function) in women over 40 years of age. The study claims that constant exposure to sunlight can cause the precancerous condition and can eventually lead to cancer and other skin abnormalities. Those affected by these experience symptoms like fatigue, fine or coarse wrinkles, discoloration of the skin,
freckles, burning sensation on the more exposed areas. Note that in this study there are two variables associated- cancer and women over 40 years in the African subcontinent. But one is a dependent variable (women over 40 years, in the African subcontinent) and the other is independent variable (cancer). Cumulative exposure to sun till the age of
18 years can lead to symptoms similar to skin cancer. If this is not taken care of and there are chances that cancer can spread entirely. Assuming that the other factors are constant during the research period it will be possible to correlate the two variables and thus confirm that, indeed chronic exposure to sunlight causes cancer in women over the
age of 40 in African subcontinent. Further, a correlational research can verify this association further. Advantages of Conceptual Research 1. Conceptual research mainly focuses on the concept of the research or the theory that explains a phenomenon. What causes the phenomenon, what are its building blocks and so on. It’s research based on pen
and paper. 2. This type of research heavily relies on previously conducted studies, no form of experiment is conducted which save time, efforts and resources. More and relevant information can be generated by conducting conceptual research. 3. Conceptual research is considered as the most convenient form of research. In this type of research, if
the conceptual framework is ready only relevant information and literature needs to be sorted. QuestionPro for Conceptual Research QuestionPro offers readily available conceptual frameworks. These frameworks can be used to research consumer trust, customer satisfaction (CSAT), product evaluations, etc. You can select from a wide range of
templates and question types and examples curated by expert researchers. We also help you decide which conceptual framework might be best suited for your specific situation. Learn more: Secondary Research- Definition, Types, Methods and Examples A conceptual framework illustrates what you expect to find through your research. It defines the
relevant variables for your study and maps out how they might relate to each other. You should construct a conceptual framework before you begin collecting data. It is often represented in a visual format. This article explains how to construct a conceptual framework for an expected cause-and-effect relationship, incorporating relevant variables that
might influence that relationship. What is a conceptual framework? A conceptual framework is a written or visual representation of an expected relationship between variables. Variables are simply the characteristics or properties that you want to study. The conceptual framework is generally developed based on a literature review of existing studies
and theories about the topic. Research exampleYou want to know if students who study more hours get higher exam scores. To investigate this question, you can use methods such as an experiment or survey to test the relationship between variables. Before you start collecting data, construct a conceptual framework to show exactly which variables
you will measure and how you expect them to relate to each other. A conceptual framework can be designed in many different ways. The form yours takes will depend on what kinds of relationships you expect to find. Independent and dependent variables If we want to test a cause-and-effect relationship, we need to identify at least two key variables:
the independent variable and the dependent variable. In our example: the expected cause, “hours of study,” is the independent variable (aka the predictor or explanatory variable). the expected effect, “exam score,” is the dependent variable (aka the response or outcome variable). In other words, “exam score” depends on “hours of study.” Our
hypothesis is that the more hours a student studies, the better they will do on the exam. Causal relationships often involve several independent variables that affect the dependent variable. However, to keep things simple, we’ll work with just one independent variable, namely “hours of study.” To visualize our expected cause-and-effect relationship,
we will use the basic design components of boxes and arrows. Each variable appears in a box. To indicate a causal relationship, each arrow should start from the independent variable (the cause) and point to the dependent variable (the effect). Next, we should identify other variables that might influence the relationship between our independent and
dependent variables. Some common variables to include are moderators, mediators, and control variables. Moderating variables Now we’ll expand the framework by adding a moderating variable (aka a moderator). A moderator alters the effect that an independent variable has on a dependent variable. The moderator thus changes the effect
component of the cause-and-effect relationship. This moderation is also referred to as the interaction effect. In our example, we expect that the number of hours a student studies is related to their exam score: the more you prepare, the higher your score will be. Now we add the moderator “IQ.” A student’s IQ level changes the effect that the variable
“hours of study” has on the exam score: the higher your IQ, the fewer hours of study you must put in to do well on the exam. In other words, the “IQ” moderator moderates the effect that the number of study hours has on the exam score. Let’s take a look at how this might work. The graph shows how the number of hours spent studying affects exam
score. The more hours you study, the better your results. A student who studies for 20 hours will get a perfect score. But the graph looks different when we add an “IQ” moderator of 120. A student with this IQ will already achieve a perfect score after just 15 hours of study. Below, the value of the “IQ” moderator has been increased to 150. A student
with this IQ will only need to invest five hours of studying in order to get a perfect score. The higher the IQ, the fewer hours a student needs to study in order to achieve a score of 100%. In short, a moderating variable is something that changes the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables as its value increases or decreases. Now we’ll
expand the framework by adding a mediating variable. In a cause-and-effect relationship, a mediating variable is a variable that links the independent and dependent variables, allowing the relationship between them to be better explained. Here’s how the conceptual framework might look if a mediator variable were involved: The mediating variable
of “number of practice problems completed” comes between the independent and dependent variables. The hours of study impacts the number of practice problems, which in turn impacts the exam score. In this case, the mediator helps explain why studying more hours leads to a higher exam score. The more hours a student studies, the more
practice problems they will complete; the more practice problems completed, the higher the student’s exam score will be. By adding the mediating variable of “number of practice problems completed,” we help explain the cause-and-effect relationship between the two main variables. Keep in mind that mediating variables can be difficult to interpret,
and care must be taken when conclusions are drawn from them. It’s important not to confuse a moderators and mediators. To remember the difference, you can think of them in relation to the independent variable. A mediating variable is affected by the independent variable, and it affects the dependent variable. Therefore, it links the two variables
and helps explain the relationship between them. A moderating variable is not affected by the independent variable, even though affects the dependent variable. For example, no matter how many hours you study (the independent variable), your IQ will not get higher. Control variables To test a cause-and-effect relationship, we also need to consider
other variables that we’re not interested in measuring the effects of, but that could potentially impact students’ exam scores. These are control variables—variables that are held constant so that they don’t interfere with the results. For example, it is likely that if a student feels ill, they will get a lower score on the exam. Therefore, we’ll add “health”
as a control variable. That means we should keep the variable “health” constant in our study—we’ll only include participants who are in good health on the day of the exam.
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