REVIEW

OF RELATED
LITERATURE
PRESENTING LITERATURE
 IMPORTANCE

■ Determine similarities and differences on the

findings between past and present studies
■ Give insight in the aspects of problem that are
critical and controversial
■ Provide researcher an idea about the aspects
which have been and those which have not
been investigated

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 How to organize?

■ Thematic based on SOP

■ Studies then literature
■ Local then foreign
■ Recent to oldest

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 Literature vs. Studies

■ Literature can be defined as „any written

materials published in a book, journal, or
magazine (Calmorin, 2016).
■ Studies may refer to any investigations,
experiment, or research conducted
whether published or unpublished.

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 Literature vs. Studies

■ Foreign literature – published outside

■ Local literature – published inside
■ Foreign studies – conducted outside
■ Local studies – conducted inside

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CITATION AND REFERENCING
 Referencing Styles

■ APA
■ MLA
■ IEEE
■ Chicago
■ Oxford
■ Harvard

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 Citation Types

■ In-text citation – the author is mentioned

as part of the paragraph; only the year
and page are on the parenthesis
■ End-text (Parenthetical) citation – the
author, year and page are placed at the
end of the paragraph within a parenthesis

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 In-text Citation
■ Felerino (2015) stated that the wastes pickers lack
protective equipment.
■ Thomas and Polgar (2010) explained that
conceptual frameworks are in fact theories
■ According to Lee, Min and Ho (2013), plagiarism
have been rampant among SHS students.
■ Santos, et al. (2020) found out that nurses are
discontented with the government response to the
pandemic.

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 Parenthetical Citation
■ The wastes pickers lack protective equipment
(Felerino, 2015).
■ Conceptual frameworks are in fact theories
(Thomas & Polgar, 2010).
■ Plagiarism have been rampant among SHS
students (Lee, Min & Ho, 2013).
■ Nurses are discontented with the government
response to the pandemic (Santos, et al., 2020).
■ The pandemic seriously impacted the education
sector (Perez, 2021; Yang & Johnson, 2020).
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 When to use?

■ When “who” is more important, use in-text

citation
■ When “what” is more important, use
parenthetical citation
■ When a sentence or paragraph is taken
from three or more sources, use
parenthetical citation

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13
Hierarchy of Evidence
 Credible Sources

■ Journals (Empirical Articles)

■ Conference proceedings
■ Correspondence
■ Dissertations
■ Reviews
■ Textbooks
■ Encyclopedias
■ Handbook/Manuals
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 Electronic Sources (Articles)
■ Search Engine – computer algorithms to search
the internet and find a website that match a
keyword you enter. (Ex: Google, Yahoo, Bing,
Baidu, Ask, AOL)
■ Journal Finder – library databases that search for
academic resources including articles in journals
and newspapers.

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 Check Your Journals
■ Academic Journals – periodical publication in
which scholarship relating to a particular academic
discipline is published.
■ Predatory Journal – exploitative publishing
business model that involves charging publication
fee to authors without checking articles for quality.
■ Cloned Journal – forged replica or counterfeit
mirror of an authentic journal that exploit the title
and registration (ISSN) legitimate journals.

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 Journal Finder
■ Scimago Journal Search
■ Scopus Journal Search
■ Elsevier Journal Finder
■ DOAJ
■ Crossref Search Metadata
■ Springer Journal Suggester
■ IEEE Publication Recommender
■ Taylor and Francis Journal Suggester
■ Wiley Journal Finder Beta
17 ■ Open Journal Matcher
 Indicators of Credible Articles

■ DOI – Digital Object Identifier

■ ISSN – International Standard Serial Number
■ CRA – Cross Referenced Article

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 Thank you!
Contact us:
NESTORIO II D. FELERINO
Mobile: 0948-317-7576/0995-889-0305
Facebook – Nestorio Felerino

KDCI – Office of Research and Extension Services

Email: kdci.red@gmail.com
Facebook: KDCI – Research and Extension Department
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