f IChauhan Nagpal HT Assignment (pyesy) |" ral smn eS) e713] jose 03-MEBL GQ.) (2) Modes of Heat “Transfev. (1 Conduct: “Transfer of heak Fam ome substance to anclhes Substance jn physical contact with ity without agpecasle chsplacement oP moleuts Frameg the substante- Fying Vegetables fna fan is examele, of Heak Conduction- () Convectio:~ Heak Thanstr within o flud by mang of me pohm of Flud with aonthu, Hedting of Wek ina fan. (ii) Radiation:- Transs of Heat though space. ov malty by. means oft than conduclion oy Convechon thavugh eleechonepuhc Waves: Microwave oven is suitable example far Radiadton pplication. B) Fowier’s Jaw of heat Conduction and Grovearing Exqustien. Ale to Fouier’s law of heat Conduction, “The ste of fluo of theaugh a simple homegenaus ssid is dhedly propottenal #o a of sedion namal to ditciin of heat Chu , and te sof Hinperatune iyth suspect to Length of falh ofBakenaticaly, Ge Heat Flas [me Cw) Ax Peak A= Shea (mt) dt = Varah of Tunp. (*C/k) > a -KAgt Se fungih of fathef Fao (m) Leg Mean trea of Cyhnder- Expression for heat Fru Freegh Ci | | APN / ella Cylinder of fhe same fey t «fe er oy thor of plane wall- | , QZ a Gyn ot for flane well, pts) ete * (ips a Sal fm= La (i) at oe Roz Ouky Anta of Cylinder | Am = fo-At_ | fies Tesoro Factors affecting thermal Cenduchuly of Insulating Makeaks- Temperate -- Value of k indreases with incfeose in Temperate a Density = No mathemical selahnship tw and k. on oF heat Flow:- Fx mast malenals eter) iP effeck on Vebue of & is reside Neccess aly fo prevent ingress of moiskie. Yn insylahrg. maltnal-5) fy Fressure Value of k eeceast? wih dacuase In fresuc- ©) Critica thickness of Tnsulation. The thickness upto which heat Flow ingeoses and afky Which heat Flow decrenses is Ksmed ad Coical tackness- In Coxe vf —Cylindes and sphous if is Glled Gritcal Radin + For a cylinder, For a Sohne a ho ee ie he Cs= Mesa Gondudlly of td ho Convective heak ef: Me i Coffs). ) Overall ceffcient of Heat Transky- (0) ie Overdlt Heat Transtar dihcent Gives * NI] Hhe heat —fronsinitled pos unit anea ail a! Bray |S+ter eb it Pte Pee Unt ime per dara Hermperatine arid (FFounce behween He bulk fluids on | I Side of the metal- , lc to Touner's law, ais i Qe _Altne-Ler) J Des hee Hf hee G= UA: (the tee)Qz. To Find Surface termperoline of Thsulakd ore. (t=?) Jodtis Af rowez lo-s = 0.005m. Jus O00oSm biz 6o¢ Gana th Conduct & K= oiskeat | _ otty3 win c m-hy?c lees. forket W6 Ww] orec m-hy? c For Max. HT- fase O1S . polsm hee: | Ne= HolSm When Cable is fot {nauotad> Ge heAdt r= [hb9% Axx 0.005% Yo Qe (4 W)m when Cable Insulated Q,- xs (f2-a0) > Mgz 054 (te-22) ty on (uu) ho-de re (4-6 = 0°52 (ta-34) doz Y78 © Piew QS Expression for Shady Sto unidirectional Heat Flo thragh hellew sphae wif unifor Conduchuly wo heat gersetions Steady Stole Coe .- dbo Unidiection, only heat Flad ind¥e (socrally) Uniform, Grduciviy (*) * Heat genesetio, azo: Gnsdet an element with dive dv-xd€- yond Heak Flod nadally, Jn Qx = -k (ud6-5 sing-do) Jt. de ye our rede = One dUOn) dar on Hest geumulokd = : dO= Qn Atucy -aF F (rd. 48m6.dq-2b.9¢ Jur oe or = k(dy-rdo. yo) 6. +3 fat de | meg). af de Jax +, , Neat Source, Wee re 4 Stile > No E stoage. e kPaou @) Mechanism ef Thermal. Gonductin in Goa, Hqwd ond Solids: + In Solids ,heot is Conducted byt- @ Lahce Vibration - the Faske moving mrelewls or afems in fie hottest pont of the bdy- qi) Transport of fre elochons, + Th froses, When a mroleale form high emp: regan collides wilh a molecule Frm te loo Hemeenalin seqion, ik losses enurgy by collisions. + Bn Liquids, mechanisin is Same as, fir geaes Tee rales Ge wort Closely forked and inkeatroleculer. flay sole in the same: Heot Transfer vs Thesimdynamics:- Thermndynamics Hea Transfer with Cquiiboum stabs of | « Trherenlly, non- eqjubbrum process, peduda fa existence, Creme. gradient is Seq: to fransley Gradkent- of heat): qpantity of heats | + fredicls the distnbubion of Koperatin on - | and delamines sate of whith E ts | transkned across a surface:(Thermal Conductiity:- “Thevmal Cnductvily. of a Maderigl con be defined os the Qmount of energy Conducted thnough a body of Unt wea, and Unit Prokness th umb time when the differtie in temperdhune bebween Whe faces, Cousin heat Flod tn unit Hmpcrolin difReactec. id Ke du dt a\e (4) Effect of fesure on Thera Condudivity eam coe of Solid and bquids , themed. Gnducduiy di is only Vey weakly dependent on Pressure. Tn cose of gases the value of k [s Indeed of Fressure - GS Heak Conduction tfrugh Mubi-layer cylinderteed Unll, Ale +p Foures's law of heat i Mf (ordudion, Me 8 Qe -KAdE | “IK du 2 BM heb For Cylinder, d= _ [tne ter) (274) Th Gonducituty of > Fa he Pi) Insp, |) * * bs be nets Kn para. heedsIF no of cylindas = n Q= dah (tre-ter) Oe Ae i fininke ewe Bein teal} hee eo) we @) Fourier equation of HIT by Gonducin. Qe Ade Where, (= heat flow they h body (w) A= froyecked area to » Ke Thermal Conductuty diecchon of heat Flow ( mnt) of Maknal- Tt depends Upon, (i) Modesial sbucture, ©) Mature, (onkent du= — thokress of bxdy @ Bensiby of Material In direction of hao ©) fresure. and Temperate: Fleo(m) dt = Temperance di fRmee blw faus of heat bransfer Intoface (°c /k) (b ee Slab:- tie 3s" na all e| tre asc Peal ee dx= 38um= 0-038m Thermal Gandudbity » ke axio kwlmre = Ol W]eAlc +s Funes Jaw , Q@> -kn de dx For Skody heat fans for per unit ana, ie a AGE EDK Ho vat 0038 Y= Sow)m* LL @) dverdit heat Twansles cufort fir tell Cylinder: For a Hollow CylindeX havirg Innet yadinos §u and ouky jodius 32, with thermal Gncluchly kK. ho = heat Convective Coefjueat of ower Pluid he = o “tnnes Fluid:- tee, to = out Hemperaliine . bap, 6 = Inner Hempcratun « Chee IK althe- tce) ey eta ve ee 2[ rt) + Garsin) +t ae eer ae hixze kK hoxka. | Ai On (32/a1) everett) U2 tT Gr Se se) hi QakR Reie = | i fo flodin Uafr) | Ac hi * Sars he Ac= Trey anca of Cylinder fe = out ner cas QE 3D General Heat Conduchim equation in Spherial Cordinotis unih intemal heat qewration. Consideang Volume of smal Fhericed —ohtreut dve dz AAO Sin Ord Assumption Matenal is hemogenua > K dees not Von with decim ow dapih of Modeaiall Kis same Proughout: Pa Weak Flu mn ® diecHon (6-2 Clane) @o= -KA dt (founes’s law ) ae Dek (dxade). 16 7 du Sino. Heak ouk .- Qbeds) = e+ 9 _ ( We). n5n0-46 rained? Heat gecumuahon, d@ =_ 2 (M4) asin Odo ILING dbdg = KC dv ade. rSngdd). 1 ft ac geste Og > Heat Flu in & dircdion (2-6 Flane) Qs = -kK( gy nSnod) 26 dt ude d@= Gos (Me+ 3 (Ge) ude 308 dQ= tk(dvvde.ssnod ‘s ( n oa a (sve de) ar — Heat Flow in v- direction ( 0-4) Plane Osx< ~k(xsnedd. xd) st. a Quer) = Qt ploy dx do = =2.lec)er = nD: dt, 2 28 (-& (asno dd. nde) 26-at} dn K(de- ashe dg.ade)-t, : a (2 Jac V Net heak ccumulaton . ek tnado. vinede ( sit BE i 4, (se0-2t) e. 2 (0 3b) ] de* Hea generation in ebunent” Gye qgxdv xde Qq qq lar: vd@. xSn6 dd) de + Energy storage Capacity of elomuct:- U Cdurdo- nod) dt ydt ae teak) Plus + heat gen = Chogy Storye . ond Goncoliey eer... ae ec 4 dt Hsite 3- —ghsng ae 9) av eis OMY] te EL ae us 8) 4a he Head gen, aforead) «L, ey eae | ae on a 16 Fal ae eee, oC G4 (A) Contact Thermal Resistance - In Compost ke wall , due to surface Roughness ond wid Spaced (usu Allee with air) the contact surfoas touch Wy ot ducele locahons ys fue is rot a single c,. of Contact , which means that the axa ayvailasleFer Re Flag of heat at the inky will beless Due t this suduad oma and presence, of void, cr faage puristence fo heat Phu ocuus at mWtfae. THs palsy is trout Os Thermo’ ntact resistance. (b) Effect of fmpurttes on thermal Conduchyity of Mokeatall effet ov a The (ewente of impute con hove either a mass loading Vhe bend defamahon effect, beth which ally local vibration Chanccltrshes of Re lathce, Jesulhny. In vhe Change of Thermal Condudivity of the madeniel- Thermal Gndudivty. fn Case of fine mals is the hight [ ke lo te Yoo wy) m’c). Tt clecseares with therease in imuouly, We Compute heak loss | rt: Thickness of Wall, d= Youm= 04m. nk | bs Temperdhun , t12 30% | Temptratimn , tr = Soe = ] a K= dos t~ 5x15¢ 72 (T%o) | ee thse gdx = -kdt Ge @. -kgat Gane - [ov0St-sxio'r) dé 7 de Se 4 ‘ Jae > -S (0-005 T- syto'q*] dt esate ie? \ aa ye gh = - (-awrs 410) qyots 173-46 Pe | qed - -Loesr- 5 Bue qe 434-4 WW /m* il Refrigeroboy Heak Flad yale= f Temperalae at muted stud ? Neglect Thoural dusistance of Shot muotal- fren, l= 0-Tm™ Thickness of insulaton= Jsmm= 0-02SM Therral Conduchvil, k= pasfatm’ Weak if Codficed » n= fowler the = dee tes= pe er: Altet) . — 0-7(ae) \y eS OF fae oa falta pt oetett 0-3 Q=4bbtw Temperate of mutal shu (1-43) Q= Altacts) dretye (3-336 Vho a YbebT= 0-7( Be- t2) x lofe @ Assumptions while heat Conduction anally sis. The Bounding Surfaces cre isctReial in Characky- The Malaiat is Hemogensus and isbhopic (Value of thomal tonduchuy is Constauk in all dirtchon) Heat Flow iS — unidirectional “he kimperatioe graditat is conshmt and kompeaatine P2eBle is linear, Q13) Thsulaked Wie: Giamky of wit= mm - ff. ah Ye Say fads of wire= .001m- Ss free Cukt radia , np= 0-0025+ coe! = 00-0035 Ke oSbWimk ta= ds¢ he lew}rrk te loc ot Hest dissipation withouk Insdation, {oe pe. Qi= ho xdav, (T-R) fo Q= lox 2Axo-00l (45) Q= 5-TwlmHeat dissipation with Insublahon- beta Ge Tha Caneel Qr= 19-20/m 45 = ———__ (ust osu) Crihcol rodiig of Tnuahen, Bee Wee O85" — 0109 fou & Thickness, tc= 0-08- o-oo! tcz O44 m=> YImm + (Heat dissip ation maxi ti- ta ~ Wp) 4 Snlrela) (Wha) + oe Qs = tS = Q>2 0-77) /m- 0-313 + 1-245 SD Heat Conduction equation in cylindnal Coordinofiy. Reduce equokon to One dimension, Steady stale Wo Trternal heat guration, 5 Volume, dV = ndd. duda Oo Hin:- Maktnal Is homogenws Qnd —Ischepic: (K=Sare)iy PLO dort — gUue wre poshon Nes (0 Heak Flow In element: * In rodial divedion. (x) (B-$ hanch- Heat Ini- Qe = le (ndb. dred 2€ ge dm Heat ouk , Qnray Oct 31) an Heok accurmuated :- dex = =2 (Ox) de die On = coat) a doe de = k(dx- nade) [PE +t HS Jac = Fn “i dieechion (6) ( x2 flane)s- Hed In, Beda dn). td f96 Heak accumulated » 64 = =9_ (Oa)add derb dQe = ke (dear) 2 a -at| pdb a Pre | JOoe kl de de soso * Heak Flea (™M axial diecion (z) ( x6 flava) Weot Inr Q - -k (den: dx) dE dtHeat accumulatid:- dQr- =A (+l dn) oe dt dz dO, = K (da add.de) de-dz at x Nek heat occumubotion:- gant dOerd Or : k(deadbae)[fh + 4: Mak te May RIE Te (i) Heok Generahin urthin elumuti- y= Qgxdv = 4g (dexdg-4e)dt } Energy stned tn elemuti- Cdr vdj.dz cae dt Enogy polance —- Weci)=Gi) and divide by dV, we have, [St bar tere |. se ve - Lae we Rohr ae 223 ee KE gu Ae ae J oO (si2y) Mie xen (Heat genarcher) Saal 7 Equation Reduced aes $ 4. ue o ed iQS. (4) Thermal dffusivh, Thermal diffusivily is cb{med as Ratio of Thermal Gndluc- tivity to Theomol pac. of a bedy- es KS Ye * Tris an jmpartant characteshe quanbly for Unsteady Conduchon — syhuotions - : High ol, al, Foaky will heat diffue Hooygh moltnal and {ts De osike wi Teese a time- Ole Temperate —dishibution thigh a Titec wall ts Kneax , show with Gen. Gnduction expotion. Alc to General heat Conduction eqpatton, Bie, SE. oe 449. Lat ne ye ne ca at 1) Neat Conduchon is Shady, a =o 2) Ome dimensional, JE _ eg dy ‘ 3) No Tinkerral heat gerexahion, 4g=0 Pove eqpedton Kedured to!- te pes wien 2 as Inlegrating bwite, Seeepeand t=Cix40. —-- (ey dtGandary (ondstos wets La Substitg In eA nt “ek ,tetr ae tele t2= O£t+Cr tre Eh+ti cre tt J This indicaty that temperctime clishbution acess the walk is line and abo Independent of thermal Conduchuty.