ATAR CHEMISTRY Unit 3

EQUILIBRIUM REVISION

Le Châtelier’s Principle Worksheet

A. Given the following stresses imposed on the reaction, predict the equilibriumshift direction(left,
right, no change). Explain why.

1. Increased volume of 1 N2(g) + 1 O2(g) ⮀ 2 NO(g) 2. Decreased volume of 1 CH4(g) + 1

H2O(g) ⮀ 3 H2(g) 1 CO(g) 3. Inert gas added to 1 CO(g) + 1 H2O(g) ⮀ 1 H2(g) + 1 CO2(g) 4.

Catalyst present in 1 CO(g) + 1 H2O(g) ⮀ 1 H2(g) + 1 CO2(g) 5. Reaction heated: 2 NO2(g) ⮀ 1

N2O4(g) + heat energy
6. Reaction is cooled: 1 H2SO3(aq) + 1 H2O(l) ⮀ 1 HSO3-(aq) + 1 H3O+(aq) + heat energy7. NaOH(aq) is added to

1 HA(aq) + 1 H2O(l) ⮀ 1 A-(aq) + H3O+(aq) (hypothetical acid in water) -(aq) + 1 H2O(l) ⮀ 1 HA(aq) + OH-(aq)
8. HCl(aq) is added to 1 A
3+
(aq) + 1 SCN-(aq) ⮀ 1 FeSCN2+(aq)
9. NaSCN is added to 1 Fe

10. SO2(g) is removed from 2 SO2(g) + 1 O2(g) ⮀ 2 SO3(g)

B. How does Le Châtelier’s principle help scientists get the maximum amount of productsfrom a reaction?

C. Consider the following reaction: 1 N2O4(g) + energy ⮀ 2 NO2(g) (colorless gas) (brown gas)

What direction does the equilibrium shift when each of the following stresses are imposedon the reaction?
Describe the color of the system when for each change.

1. Add NO2(g)
2. Remove N2O4(g)
3. Increase the pressure
4. Increase the volume
5. Decrease the temperature
6. Increase the temperature
D. Consider the following reaction: 4 NH3(g) + 7 O2(g) ⮀ 6 H2O(g) + 4 NO2(g) + energy

What direction does the equilibrium shift when each of the following stresses are imposedon the reaction?

1. Add NO2(g)
2. Increase the temperature
3. Decrease pressure
4. Reduce the volume
5. Increase the pressure
6. Add a catalyst
1. Some of the SO2(g) produced from the
burning of coal and natural gas can react
4. The following graph represents the
with NO2(g) in the atmosphere according to
variation over time of the concentrationsof
the equation O2(g), SO2(g), and SO3(g) for the reaction:
SO2(g) + NO2(g) ⮀ NO(g) + SO3(g)

2 SO2(g) + O2(g) ⮀2 SO3(g)

ΔH = -41.9 kJ

The equilibrium concentration of SO3(g) in

the reaction could be increased by
a) raising the temperature
b) adding a catalyst
c) removing SO2(g)
d) adding NO2(g)

2. Hydrogen fluoride is produced by reacting

hydrogen with fluorine
H2(g) + F2(g) 🡪 2 HF(g)

ΔH = -542.2 kJ

A stress that would shift the equilibrium

Which of the following statementsabout
towards the products would be to
a) remove H2(g) b) add HF(g) is30 mmol/L
the graph is true? a) At t = 0, the concentration of SO2(g)
c) decrease the volume of the reaction
vessel b) At equilibrium, the concentrationof SO2(g) is 30 mmol/L
d) decrease the temperature of the
reaction vessel SO3(g) is about half that of SO2(g)
c) At equilibrium, the concentrationof SO3(g) is 60 mmol/L
d) At equilibrium, the concentrationof brown colorless
Use the following information to answer the next
question. 5. Given the following reaction: CH4(g) ⮀C(s) + 2 H2(g)
2 NO2(g) ⮀ N2O4(g) + heat energy
Stresses Applied to an Equilibrium
System 1. increase volume 2. decrease volume 3. The conditions that should maximizetheamount of product
increase temperature 4. decrease temperature 5. formed are a) low pressure and lowtemperatureb) low
increase [NO2(g)] pressure and high temperaturec) high pressure and
6. decrease [NO2(g)] lowtemperatured) high pressure and high pressure
7. increase [N2O4(g)]
8. decrease [N2O4(g)] 6. In all systems at equilibrium, a) macroscopic properties
are changingb) all the reactants are convertedtoproducts
3. The stresses numbered above that will
 c) the amount of reactants equalsthe
cause the equilibrium system to shift to the
amount of products
left are _____________________ .
d) the forward reaction rate equalsthe
reverse reaction rate
Graphing Equilibrium Shifts – More “shift” happens!

1. The graph below shows concentrations (mol/L) of all three species of a system

a) How much time was required for the system to reach initial equilibrium? b) Explain the changes that
occur 25 s after the beginning of the reaction. c) What change in conditions might have been imposed on
the systemat t = 35s?d) Are any stresses occurring between 20 s and 25 s?
e) What happened at t = 45 s?

2. If the phase change represented by the following reaction has reached equilibriuminaclosed
system,

H2O(l) + heat ⮀ H2O(g)

a) What will be the effect of a reduction in volume by increasing the pressure? b) What will be the effect of

an increase in temperature?
c) What will be the effect of injecting some steam into the closed system, thus raisingthe pressure?
Assume no temperature change.
3. Consider the following table to answer the questions below:
Reaction Added Substance

H2(g)
C2H6(g) ⮀H2(g) + C2

heat
CO(g) + ½ O2(g) ⮀CO

CuSO4(s)
Cu2+(aq) + 4NH3(aq) ⮀Cu(NH3)42+(aq)

PbSO4(s) + H+(aq) ⮀Pb2+(aq) + HSOPb(NO3)2(aq)

Ag+(aq) + Cl NaBr(s)
-
(aq) ⮀AgCl(s)

a) For each reaction, what will be the effect on the equilibrium concentration of eachsubstance in the
system (increase, decrease, or no change) when the listed substance is added?

b) What will be the effect of an increase in pressure on each of the systems? (assumingpressure
increase is caused by a volume reduction).
4. Given: SO2(g) + ½ O2(g) ⮀ SO3(g) + 96.37 kJ

Discuss the conditions that favour a high equilibrium concentration of SO 3(g)?

5. For each of the following reactions:
Predict which way the equilibrium will shift.
Explain the shift according to Le Chatelier’s theory and Collision-Reaction Theory(a and b only).
3+
Draw the concentration graph from the time the stress is imposed on the system. (aq)+ SCN-(aq) ⮀

FeSCN2+(aq) (iron (III) nitrate is added)

a) Fe

Fe3+(aq)

)
SCN-(aq)
L

n
FeSCN2+(aq)
o

Time

b) N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⮀ 2NH3(g) (decrease the H2(g) concentration)

N2(g)

)
H2(g)
L

(
 n
NH3(g)
o

Time

c) CO(g ) + 2H2(g) ⮀ CH3OH(g)+ energy (temperature increases)

CO(g)

)
H2(g)
L

n
CH3OH(g)
o

Time

d) 3NO2(g) + H2O(g) ⮀ 2HNO3(g) + NO(g) (increase the pressure)

NO2(g)

)
H2O(g)
L

m
 (

n
HNO3(g)
o

ec

NO(g)
no

Time