Aerge density 2h sgensalues foc GOoE: lu Guenched calalation (a) ee de < (ols alist) whe G)= [os 46, PG, %ua) (-) and Ye2A-ie We nad fo Gnd a wow to exchange the order of inbacgrations a fen Plea :%4) Log 4 of dotoy] e ion -Nwiy _ aN Portal? |] @— || 2— mt fay ij Vs Wse a “replicas idenbhy" Clog 2(2) = dim Leg CZ (3) wmf, 76) C7 1 Lig 26) +860 CZAY = Aan Choy 26) + 06°) Leg 2a) « Lon (A+ » fis og[* 2 Prase squares ant annoying, ne ecause ney , a variatles belonging to defferent “tes Gs). : (ts epi - x2(Su) | gr (* To decouple Ha ste , we intro dace, He follourna, rocmalized ~~ nae °F pa WSl-%) eewhew Yo gyabel 7= (Yo) G You en how check by ditect substituk on thet -He term ) canbe resriten as (exercise!) 4,5 (Zag) 8 ferro (Za) ihe. age T.- We con enforce the definition Get) Using, Hoe folowing functional - intel cepresevtation of tre identity 1 fu sorte tr ZR) vwhsdh leads te Zt ~ bo on of Way AG. ) -y jas 1Dn6a)- (Zr) ww w . [Qdopeaat 2 fing} is fedfla Nfl stegnt —[ (T4g.)(--) ie jaca caltecton 5 of N identical copies of » eg wha hence. . it Tay\(- =] a “fat ier) pada rtenl \T1SG,- a | m rifts ide ye rely 4] ex[-'3 dat +i oes nla) Trupne iy fof anLis Sle], @) zs ale ~i Arne) p)- {iran els ca(Se .) m ay ex ie Syed ¥ : bs] J aL tik * ITa integah CG) lends tel fo a Wie Gaddle-point afta? N-soo . The only catch is hab in doing so, we ove apjectady exchanging You onder of, luncts «instead of facing | S* y ‘. stot wr 0P and N22 abtecwards, we are doin the opposite | Tris is nah mahi mabcally jsfied z Fading Vow shotonsey points cl dhe acon yw Sou ity): 4 fer pic@) (Zee) op i Sco yes) ACFE 6 Sf Jaren 4 Re FO)] ® Costing Nee 3 \@ on[-i%8 Yates #0) | a ip) = an integal equation for eG). How +o sce + ?Wenad to mone an asumbtion on the behaviour bye LB twhon permutation of He replica indices « Thew is! oped tbody of research ~ Mann ct yet a formal proof ~ pointing, to fhe exactness of Yo “Neplica-sypmehic™ hish-fouferkne Glition 1. Hat one permutstion- symmetry among Feplicas, and whorl Symmetry in toe Sace of replicas . “This weans Yast we should love for a Selubion { (an) inte form 7) =H) with y= \y) yond Shwilarly br pt. Taf we yd to Whoduce n-dimensional Sphescal coordinates Jz yasds ag me hab, Yy= 4 Sind, sing cos o 424 ied Bin dy Hus J aad calling Yee andle loehween Vand 05" j we have Mak all angular tegrls camel ouf between humerator aud denowanstor pr Ll Wed L ae [aoe %eebigte| (i (oawhew one uses fu fad trot He volume element ln nadin. stharical coordinates is sm}, sie? = a Harse cancel ont befeen amerstar aud devenind Using 14 (ond fess F a jt (ual EPGS) Tle) ~ L004 i Plo) aud ellng a e . wr” one shen 2" i a 66d + Abe | . SSS iv@) 4 fo Gila) do ’ Using, am iwhegvation boy, parts in fhe denowinater. Inthe “replica limit” no _ Hhis yields [ig@=c@yt| , whe C(A) tom be determined self -consctently usingfas GH) 4 fis wo expf- Lagu cla] 13 cl 4 (RGO 4 fmpparcndafivd| dese! [casi] the bicth of a semicircle... Lat us reco Bia =e. Tn 2-(Lg2hy dim 4 bag ZY Gy . h, Of yf S.Deg al] NC eg[n sire yo es ee. i i 3 of wpial. | ge 2 Be, Ie he 4 SCRARecall tat tor action is ta sum of rae terms be SUyti td = fare MRG) -§ fara pcr) (ou) sla [ives (QR! rel | Go Ye dervolive wrt. only acts over ve wt term becouse 3) appeors anplicaly (nat drvog 4 or Po) only there, oud ti) te action is sfabionaey af the saddle point S| Ba... Or Sp lpept Mo 22 Therefore Taxing, Ye derivotie of He hed term amd ustting an inkegl i in We La hel coordinates a = Cn Tm Sim 4 9 Cam ee i eT Bow Fe A ~ op ee" -2¢(—)+i4, Recalling, that Obi= ATi\ay 2-4Ae | and jz A-isWe cam epvack Ya (eal and imaginary, ports of CQ) (H | cA) RAC whew : : RO 4 Aa mee sy lea ae =a wi He ways + (eay’- (2-9 “e) A _ -2k Re. a ~ -2C0) +14, APIA) + (4-20) Inthe Wwit go and pe Wcacie, P, and Q, Coniierne to Spay. € 2a Q@-3 , Spin which %. (a) = hfe as axbected :