Practical No.

1
Aim: Installation of Ubuntu 20.4 using Virtual Box

Theory:

Ubuntu: Ubuntu is a Linux distribution based on Debian and composed mostly of free and open-source
software. Ubuntu is officially released in three editions: Desktop, Server, and Core for Internet of things
devices and robots. All the editions can run on the computer alone, or in a virtual machine.

Virtual Box: Oracle VM VirtualBox is a type-2 hypervisor for x86 virtualization developed by Oracle
Corporation. VirtualBox was originally created by Innotek GmbH, which was acquired by Sun Microsystems
in 2008, which was in turn acquired by Oracle in 2010. VirtualBox may be installed on Microsoft Windows,
macOS, Linux, Solaris and OpenSolaris. There are also ports to FreeBSD and Genode. It supports the
creation and management of guest virtual machines running Windows, Linux, BSD, OS/2, Solaris, Haiku,
and OSx86, as well as limited virtualization of macOS guests on Apple hardware.

Screenshots:

Open Virtual Box and click on new.

Give a name to the machine and click next.

Assign the amount of RAM to the VM and click next.

Click create.
Click next.
Click next.

Assign the amount of disk space and click create.

Now the Ubuntu VM will be created.

Go to the settings and then go to storage section

Select the Ubuntu ISO in the optical drive section

Click Start
Now a window will open with ubuntu file checking

Click on Install Ubuntu

Select keyboard layout and click continue

Use default settings for installation and click continue

Select the default installation type and click install now

Click continue
Select your time zone

Write your account name and password and click next

The installation will now begin

Restart the VM
Now login using your password which was specified before

Now you can use your Ubuntu VM as a normal ubuntu OS

Conclusion: Thus we have successfully installed Ubuntu 20.04 using VirtualBox

 Practical No. 2
Aim: Installation of Debian using Virtual Box
Theory:
Debian: Debian, also known as Debian GNU/Linux, is a GNU/Linux distribution composed of free and
open-source software, developed by the community-supported Debian Project, which was established by
Ian Murdock on August 16, 1993.

Screenshots:
Open Virtual Box and click on new.

Give a name to the machine and click next.

Assign the amount of ram to the VM and click next.

Click create.
Click next.

Click next.
Assign the amount of disk space and click create.

Now the Debian VM will be created and then go to settings and then in storage section.
Select the Debian ISO

Click Start
A window will appear for Debian installation. Here click Graphical Install.

Select installation language.

Select location

Select Keyboard layout

Enter a host name for the system

Enter Domain name

Specify the root password

Specify the full name of the user

Specify the username

Specify the user password

Select the time zone

Select default settings for the partition disks window.

Click continue for the rest of the steps with default settings
Now the installation will begin

Click continue after completing the installation.

After rebooting the VM select Debian to start the OS
Use the user password previously created to login

Now the OS can be used just like a normal debian OS

Conclusion: Thus we have successfully installed Debian using VirtualBox

 Practical No. 3
Aim: Installation of CentOS using Virtual Box
Theory:
CentOS: CentOS is a Linux distribution that provides a free and open-source community-supported
computing platform, functionally compatible with its upstream source, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). In
January 2014, CentOS announced the official joining with Red Hat while staying independent from RHEL,
under a new CentOS governing board.
Screenshots:
Open Virtual Box and click on new.

Give a name to the machine and click next.

Assign the amount of RAM to the VM and click next.

Click create.
Click next.

Click next.
Assign the amount of disk space and click create.

Now the CentOS VM will be created.

Go to the settings and then go to storage section and click choose a disk file in the optical drive section

Select the CentOS ISO

Click Start

Select Install CentOS Linux 8

Select the language

An installation summary window will appear

Select Install destination from the summary and select vbox harddisk and click done.

Select Root password form the summary and specify Root password
Similarly specify the username and user password

Click Begin Installation

Installation of CentOS will be started

Click Reboot system

After restarting the VM click centOS linux

CentOS will now start in the window

Use the password created while installing to login into CentOS

Now we can use the CentOS just like a normal OS but inside Virtual Box

Conclusion: Thus we have successfully installed CentOS using VirtualBox

 Practical No. 4
Aim: Installation of Ubuntu without a virtual machine.
Theory:
Ubuntu is a Linux distribution based on Debian and composed mostly of free and open-source software.
Ubuntu is officially released in three editions: Desktop, Server, and Core for Internet of things devices and
robots. All the editions can run on the computer alone, or in a virtual machine.
Screenshots:

Press boot menu key to get the boot menu and select the bootable usb of ubuntu

Select install Ubuntu

Select the keyboard layout and click continue

Select normal installation and click continue

Select erase disk and install ubuntu

Click continue
Select your location

Enter your username and password

After the installation restart the system
Conclusion: Thus, we have successfully installed Ubuntu without Virtual Machine
 Practical No. 5
Aim: SSH server installation on ubuntu
Theory:
The Secure Shell Protocol is a cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over
an unsecured network. Its most notable applications are remote login and command-line execution. SSH
applications are based on a client–server architecture, connecting an SSH client instance with an SSH
server.
Screenshots:

Use sudo apt install openssh-client command to install the ssh client on ubuntu and Use sudo apt install
openssh-server command to install the ssh server on ubuntu
Here, Sudo service ssh status is used to check if the ssh server is active or not
Finally we can login into our system remotely using the ssh command as shown above by providing the
username and ip address of the remote system.

Conclusion: Thus we have successfully installed SSH server on ubuntu

 Practical No. 6
Aim: Telnet server installation on ubuntu
Theory:
Telnet is an application protocol used on the Internet or local area network to provide a bidirectional
interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection. User data is interspersed
in-band with Telnet control information in an 8-bit byte-oriented data connection over the Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP).
Telnet was developed in 1969 beginning with RFC 15, extended in RFC 855, and standardized as Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet Standard STD 8, one of the first Internet standards. The name
stands for "teletype network".

Screenshots:

Using the sudo apt install telnetd -y command we installed the telnet server on our system

In this step we viewed the status of our telnet server using sudo systmectl status inetd command
Finally we have used telnet command and provided the IP address of our remote system to login into it and
the “ls” command is used to list the files on the remote machine and we have created a new file named
746.txt using the touch command.

Conclusion: Thus, we have successfully installed Telnet Server on Ubuntu

 Practical No. 7
Aim: FTP server installation on ubuntu

Theory:
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer
files from a server to a client on a computer network. FTP is built on a client–server model architecture
using separate control and data connections between the client and the server. FTP users may
authenticate themselves with a clear-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and
password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it. For secure transmission that
protects the username and password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS (FTPS)
or replaced with SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP).

Screenshots:

In this step we used the sudo apt install vsftpd command to install ftp server on our system, then we used
useradd and passwd command to create a new user. After creating the user we made 2 firewall rules for
the tcp port 20 and 21 to allow traffic through it.

Finally, we have used the ftp command and provided the IP address of our remote system and logged in.
Then we used put and get command to upload and download a file using FTP
Conclusion: Thus, we have successfully installed FTP Server on Ubuntu
 Practical No. 8
Aim: FTP Server Command Based Upload & Download

Theory:
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer
files from a server to a client on a computer network. FTP is built on a client–server model architecture
using separate control and data connections between the client and the server. FTP users may
authenticate themselves with a clear-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and
password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it. For secure transmission that
protects the username and password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS (FTPS)
or replaced with SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP).
Screenshots:

In this step we used the sudo apt install vsftpd command to install ftp server on our system, then we used
useradd and passwd command to create a new user. After creating the user we made 2 firewall rules for
the tcp port 20 and 21 to allow traffic through it.

Finally, we have used the ftp command and provided the IP address of our remote system and logged in.
Then we used put and get command to upload and download a file using FTP
Conclusion: Thus, we have successfully performed FTP Server Command Based Upload & Download on
Ubuntu
 Practical No. 9
Aim: HTTP server installation on ubuntu
Theory:
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents,
such as HTML. It was designed for communication between web browsers and web servers, but it can also
be used for other purposes.

Apache is the most used Web server on Linux systems. Web servers are used to serve Web pages
requested by client computers. Clients typically request and view Web pages using Web browser
applications such as Firefox, Opera, Chromium, or Internet Explorer.

Screenshots:

Here, sudo apt update command is used to update the packages and the we installed
apache2 using sudo apt install apache2 command

Here, sudo ufw app list is used to browse packages using the firewall and we have enabled firewall using
sudo ufw enable command. The we checked the status of apache2 server using sudo systemctl status
apache2 command.
Now, we went to /var/www/html and created 2 html files (index.html and page2.html)

To view the html files/website we can now use the IP address of our system on which http server is installed
to view the site on a browser.
Conclusion: Thus, we have successfully installed HTTP Server on Ubuntu
 Practical No. 10
Aim: Proxy server installation on ubuntu
Theory:
A proxy server is a computer system or router that functions as a relay between client and server. It helps
prevent an attacker from invading a private network and is one of several tools used to build a firewall.

The word proxy means "to act on behalf of another," and a proxy server acts on behalf of the user. All
requests to the Internet go to the proxy server first, which evaluates the request and forwards it to the
Internet.

Screenshots:

To install a proxy server we require to install squid using the command sudo apt install squid

Now, we can edit the configuration of our proxy server using the sudo nano /etc/squid/squid.conf command
After configuration we viewed the status of the squid service

Now we can use the IP address of our proxy server in another system as a manual proxy server.

Conclusion: Thus, we have successfully installed Proxy Server on Ubuntu

 Practical No. 11
Aim: Samba server installation on ubuntu
Theory:
Samba is a free software re-implementation of the SMB networking protocol and was originally developed
by Andrew Tridgell. Samba provides file and print services for various Microsoft Windows clients and can
integrate with a Microsoft Windows Server domain, either as a Domain Controller (DC) or as a domain
member. As of version 4, it supports Active Directory and Microsoft Windows NT domains.

Samba runs on most Unix-like systems, such as Linux, Solaris, AIX and the BSD variants, including Apple's
macOS Server, and macOS client (Mac OS X 10.2 and greater). Samba also runs on a number of other
operating systems such as OpenVMS and IBM i. Samba is standard on nearly all distributions of Linux and
is commonly included as a basic system service on other Unix-based operating systems as well. Samba is
released under the terms of the GNU General Public License. The name Samba comes from SMB (Server
Message Block), the name of the proprietary protocol used by the Microsoft Windows network file system.

Screenshots:

In this step we updated our package repository using sudo apt update command

Now, we can use sudo apt install samba to install the samba server on our system
Now, using mkdir /home/aditya/sambashare command we have created a new directory with the name
sambashare and then we used sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf to edit the configuration files of samba

Here we have to specify the path i.e. the directory we have created before and “guest ok = yes” is used to
allow anonymous logins to the smaba server.
In this step we restarted the samba server using sudo service smbd restart command and the added
firewall rule to allow the transfer of samba traffic.

Finally, we restarted the samba server to apply all the changes and viewed its status. Then we made a text
file inside the previously made folder using touch 746.txt command.
Now, using the file manager we and the IP address of our samba server we can login in into it

Since, we have allowed guest to login into the samba server in configuration file, we can select anonymous
as an option to connect.
Now, we can see the file we have created before on our server which is 746.txt.

Conclusion: Thus, we have successfully installed Samba Server on Ubuntu