Hebrew Spelling Book

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4
OB,
HEBREW AND ENGLISH
SPELLING BOOK,
ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF
SCHOOLS AND PRIVATE TUITION,
■UNO AN EAST AND CONCISE MODE OF ACQUIRING AN

ATTAINMENT OP THAT
MOST SACRED LANGUAGE.
TO WHICH WILL BE AFFIXED,
AN ABRIDGMENT OF THE HEBREW GRAMMAR.
By I. L./LYON.
ILonDon :
HUNTED AKD BOLD BY H. ABBAHAMS, 33, ST. MABT AXE, CITY.
5622—1881.
IA(\\v\ PREFACE.
This production is designed to furnish young persons, and

even adults, with an easy mode of obtaining a knowledge of
spelling and reading the Hebrew Language, adapted to the
sounds of the Spanish, Portuguese, German and Polish Jews.
i
Although many Grammars have been published, there hat
never yet appeared any simplified initiatory book for young
persons, to enable them to acquire, with facility, the knowledge
of this Sacred Language. *
This work the Author now presents to the public ; great care
and attention having been paid to the classification:—the words
are arranged alphabetical, and their number of syllables, in
separate divisions, according to their respective accentuation;
which will be found to be a material improvement.
To relieve the difficulties, and meliorate the obstructions of

r flie pupil, as well as to form an additional help to obtain the
proper pronunciation, the sounds are put in columns ; and are
carefully distinguished by an easy and compendious method :
the plan itself is so extremely simple that it will probably be
esteemed a recommendation. .
The authorities which have here been followed, with regard

to orthography, accentuation, &c. are selected from the most
approved Authors. 0> 4*76
PREFACE. 4
To the spelling and reading Lessons are added, Fables,
Scriptural Phrases, and Dialogues, necessary for the learner
to be acquainted with ; to which will be appended, a brief (but
compendious) Hebrew Grammar, with Questions and Answers.
On the whole, it has been the Author's ardent endeavour, to

render this Hebrew and English Spelling Book as useful, as the
prescribed limits of the undertaking would permit ; and trusts
it will prove acceptable to the Teacher, as well as to the Pupil,
for whom it is peculiarly intended.
The Author pretends not to boast of new discoveries, but

flatters himself to have selected every thing that is necessary
and useful. He need not point out the great utility of such a
work ; as it is sufficiently evident to those who are employed in
the care of instructing youth, whether in Schools, or by Private
Tuition. He hopes the Gentlemen of the Profession will do him
the justice to believe, that his design, in this performance, was
cot to dictate, but to ease the Master, as well as to facilitate
the pupil, in his laudable endeavours to acquire a thorough
knowledge of this Holy Language.
HEBREW SPELLING BOOK.
The Hebrew Alphabet consists of Twenty-two Consonants ; their
Power and Names are adapted to the corresponding sounds in
the English Language according to the following Table.
POWER. NAMES.
Oerman Spanish German Spanish
and and and
Polishs Portuguese. Polish. Portuguese.
A A Aleph Aleph
B f Byse Bet
Bh I Vyse Bhet
G {Gimmel Gimmel
1Gbs Gh Ghimmel Ghimmel
D f Dollet Dallet
1°
lDh Dh I Dhollet Dhallet
H H Hie Hai
V V Vov Vav
Z Z Zoyin Zayin
Hh Hh Hhes aHhet
T T Tes Tet
Y Y Yuid Yod
|K K ("Koph Kaph
\Kh Kh I Khoph bKhaph
L L Lomad Lamed
M M Mem Mem
N N Noon Nun
S S s Somekh Samekh
Gn Gn Gnoyin Gnayin
P TPie Pai
& Ph LPhie Phai
Ts Ts Tsadik Tsaddai
Qu Qu Quooph cQuooph
R R Riesh Raish
rsh Sh f Sheen Sheen
Is S L Seen Seen
fT T f Tov • Tav
IS Th ISofe Thav
a Very aspirate, a guttural similar tos the sound of gh in the Scotch. t
b Between a Guttural a Palatine similar to the sound ofch in German Ieh.
Sin&atr to the sound of Qj^te French, or koo in English.
HEBREW SPELLING BOOK. C
The following five Letters, when found at the end of word»,
have another shape, and are called Finals.
x a a a 3
The following Letters are sometimes lengthened.

n n a b n k
n n a *-? n s**
In writing, any other Letter may be written longer.
is sometimes put into one, thus V$
The following Letters are pronounced harder when* they have a
dot, and is called Dagesh.
n a 3 i a 2
n 3 a n a a
The following Letters being similar, require strict attentic*
and practice to become familiar.
■> o n
d b t a 3
& if n a p 1 i a n 3
■ Y 1
n a
The Alphabet is divided into five organs of speech, viz.
1. Four Gutturals jmn» Throat

2. Four Palatines ■ T.nna Roof
p3â (9
AV
3. Five Dentals 11 D^tfna Teeth
«u S |
i§
4. Five Linguals rvbtsn auV « Tongue
M
5. Four Labials *pl3 Lips
ON THE VOWEL POINTS.

1st. A Consonant without a Vowel, is like a body deprived
of motion, without life, unutterable ; whence it is clear, that
no language can be prono^pced without the aid of Vowels.
The Hebrew Alphabet, consisting of Consonants only, would
have been totally ineffable, were it not for certain marks
about the letters to institute the number of sounds necessary
♦o articulation.
HEBREW SPE1IING BOOK.
2nd. There is no difference between the long and short Vowels
as to pronunciation or quantity. The Hebrew Grammarians
more properly term them great and little Vowels .—observe
the following :—
Tjblb 1sts—Five great Vowels according to the Pronunciation of the Spanish
and Portuguese Jems.
IK 18 8 KT Figure
Sboo-rook »Hhoa-loam Hbee-reek Tsai-rai Ka-mats Name
00 oa ee ai a Power
moon moan meet main bawl Example
Table 1st — Five little Fovsels, as above.
r « K g K Figure
r
Kib-buts Ka-mats Hhi-rik Se-gel Pa-thahh Name
U a i e a Power
tun tan tin ten comma Example
Tjblb 2nd,—Seven great Vowels according to the Pronunciation of the
German and Polish Jews.
$T K $ K Figure
Hhow-lowro Me-loo-pim Komota T.ie-rie Hhee-reek Sai.gel Patatah Name
OW oo o ie ee ai a Power
town moon lone die ween main comma Example
Table 2nd.—Five little Vowels,* Sfc as above.
8 8 Figure
Shu-ruk Ko-mots Hhi-rik Se-gel Pa- sahh Name
!
o i a e a Power
I tun ton tin ten tan Example
> Bh soundi like an in the Scotch, a guttural.

- w
REBREW SPELLING BOOK. • 84

- - t
Two perpendicular dots, called Sh’-vo' (') is not included in
the vowels, for in truth it hath no sound, not so much as
a short vowel; the pronunciation is so rapid, that it can
hardly be distinguished; it is generally put under a letter
that has no vowel, either in the beginning or at the end of a
word or syllable,—the true sound of which must be required
from a master.
(*) Sh'-vo at the beginning of a syllable under the gutterals

I/ITN, form the following compounds.
N -: a as in than
N -- e. ** 35 then
N "r: O ** ** tongue
"r:
The four Letters "TN when coming after either of the five
vowel points, are quiescent or mute.
R after & as 8% NY
• r T iT
n after & " as " ":8

* after & j as * 1:
* after • & . *S : Ya
R-# is frequently found instead of to point out the long hhi, ,

as liv'8"
(-) under T T.J at the end of a word, sounds V ang, "I ahh,
"I ah.
A point in F1 at the end of a word is called mappik, meaning

utterance, as F. loh.
Hebrew is read from right to left, and the consonant sounds

before the vowel point thus: , bee, J dai-die, p mai, 17
Loa, Low. w - -
PiRBREW SPELLING Book.
Table of the Alphabet with Great and little Vowels adapted to the sound of
the Spanish and Portuguese Jews.
FIVE LITTLE WOWELS. FIVE GREAT WoWELS.
|
|
|
s|
|
: *
:e
:
:
:
:
:
"tytyn
:
:
:
:
HEBREW SPELLING BOOK. 10
Table of the Alphabet with seven great Vowel Points, adapted to the sound
of the German and Polish Jews,
OO ie ee ai or a
S. #!
'N' .
TE! 'l
#
El 3.
I' !"
IT 3rl N
1) 3)
!
# .#
'Fl !"
Tö SE)
:
:
TD
ly y
R
TE SB
|Y *
Il BabaEW 5PELLING BOOK.
* ~ *ku. Ford Points adapted to ~ *

the German and Polish Jews.
HEBREW SPELLlKG B60K.
EtMptt of Monosyllables with great Voicds Adapted to the TOtmd of the
Spanish and Portuguese JHos;
GREAT VOWELS.
1N 5 »N ee
tin tin -
s" p
ood or eeih ail abb.
"*
pia ma ; 1* 03
boots bor been bain bam
*
am 1* ;1A Tl
goosb gobh geed gair gad
u an "
H "9
door dobh deen 'dail dam
Tin
hool hod he6ts 'tain har
w tit
zool zor zeeique - zait " zar
din W no
hhoots hhom hhfefen 'fchaiz hhahh
a© i ana
toobh J tobh teet tair tal
IV or 1
' X
yood yom yeel ->yaish i yad
113 •v?
11a . P i
koor kor keer kbain kakh
1
13 HEBREW SPELLING BOOK.
rumple of Monosyllables with Little Vowels adapted to the sound of tkt

Spanish and Portuguese Jews.
LITTLE VOWELS.
« u N i" N e K a
•h
k
luts lod tin lebh Ikth
IP n P P
nun mon min men man
nut nor nil ned nahb
!* Dp
sul sol sim sed saph
BR Tt
srnud gnos gnim gner gnal
~% T$ I# IB
pur por phil pen par
r* T»
tsur tsom tsits tsel tsar
12 *P 1?
qui quor quibh quer tqua»
T1T ff) P
rum rod rim rel ran
op w
thur torn sim shel sar
H * « tin. i> a4 A'.

L
HtBKnW SPBiUNG BOOK. *4
Examples of Monosyllables with Great Vowels adapted to the sound of the
GREAT VOWELS.
Wow So X ie »X ee IN ai
IT
1
&JN
ood owm ohh iel eesh aid av
ta n» H 1* n>
bool bowr boh bien veen baih bas
TU *.! in V* Tl
goor gowv gier geel gaih gav
-vti 03 n- -n
i-
door dowr - dom diel deen daid das
tin Tl dD on T
hoor howd Lor hiem heen haim har
in? ITIT IT. TJ
zookh zowl zor zier zeer zaih zal
wn Din dP &0 on op
hhoot hhowm hhom hhiet hheer hhaim hhas
MR
toor towr tol tien teet tai tal
or r- %
yool yowm yol yien yee yaih yam
YD ^5 P- *9 "P
fc.oor kowr kol kien kee kai w
T*> 1* i* i? .6
loot k)wd lokh liets leen laih-
HEBREW SPELLING BOOK.
Examples of Monosyllables with Little Vowels, adapted to the sound of tht

LITTLE VOWELS.
No 8 e « 4
P P n&
muz mol min men mar
wT 13 w. "73
nud nom nir nes nad
dD ho IP DO
sut som til sen gam
* DJ? it-
gnul gnol gnim gned gnal
n . » - 13
pul por pil pen paz
we d* "I*
tsum tsor tsim tsel tsad
T V-
qum quom quir quen qua?
tn n H
rum rom rid rez rabh
d# d#
shul shorn shim shel shar
1* di?
sun sol sim seque sar
d* 1* dn w <•
turn tor ten tal
HEBREW SPELLING BOOK. Id
Word, ofone.yUabtemth great vowel, **o~ first UtUr ,. (,) Shvo, and
aAK re, to the succeeding letter pointed with a vowel, adapted to th. sound
ojthe Spanish and Portuguese, Gerv.au and Polish Jew,.
German apamsn
German Spanish and and and
and and Polish. Portuguese.
PoUsh. Portuguese.
l'vien l'bhain b'kho bkha V
1*
l'voosh l'bhoosh b'nee b'nee
m'owd mod -top •g'dee "g'dee ni
m'quoom m'quoom g'sh6h g'shah
n'vie n'vai nw d'yow d'yo
n'hee n hee TO vlow vlo
s'nie s'nai njP v'kowl vkol
•'own son z'iebh z'aibh

sW
p'fheel z'vool z'bhool Voj
p'seel
t'hhowl t'hh5l Vine
p'ree p'ree
ts'vee ts'bhee t'lai t'lai
ts'lee ts'lee y'deed y'deed
ts'hho'wque ts'hhoque y'hee y'hee
*qu'-r6 bqu'-ra y'mie y'mai
r'khoosh r'khoosh k'seel k'seel TPS

fie r'ai n*n k'sov k'thabh nro
roo roo k'phowr k'phor
sh'owl sh'61 k'pheer k'pheer
•h'nie sh'nai k'ie' k'aibh
t'nookh t'nookh lhhee lhhee rh
*(g) Hard at in, go. b (q) *"«'*« <*« FnncK

17 HEBREW SPBLtlNO BOOK.
Words of one Syllable with little Vowels, whose first Letter it (:) Sh'oo,
and adheres to the succeeding Letter, pointed with a little Vowel adapted
to the sounds of the Spanish and Portuguese, German and Polish Jews.
German Spanish I German Spanish
and and and and
Polish. Portuguese \ Polish. Portuguese,
Vdam vdam bhhdr bhhar
w\ nri|
Vtal V'tal b'rong b'rang
z'mon z'm&n lg'vul «g'bhul
Ikhol Ikhal S'dSi gdal
Vmar l'mar d'vash d'bhash
I'raid l'mad vim v'im
Bum n'um v'al y'H
rhhdque r'hhaque v'rang v'rang ni
s'vokh s'bhakh v'ess Vet
W
•h'lal sh'lal v"gam v'gam
ih'm&ng sh'inang v'gan v'gan
B'mahh s'mahh Vgal Vgal
5
fTonb o/mk Syllable, beginning with one of the guttural Letters, and a
compound Vowel.
hha-kham hha-kham D5D a-down a-don
n
hho-ree hho-ree nn
• t: e-mowr e-mor
hha-zeez hha-zeez WD o-nee o-nee
gno-nee gno nee he-vie he-vai
gne-lee gne-lee ha-voo ha-voo
gna-khabh gna-khabh ha-low ha-lo
gna-rabh gna-rabh hha-zeer hha-zeer
» Hard aj in—get.
HEBREW SPELLING BOOR. 13
VFords of one Syllable, ending tcith one of the quiescent Letters, adapted to
the sounds of the Spanish, Portuguese, German and Polish Jews,
German Spanish German Spanish German Spanish |
and and and and and and 1
Polish Portuguese Polish Portuguese Polish Portuguese |
mee hee bee ie ai '8
no na tt) zovv zo 1T ee ee *«$
paib paih zoo zoo IT bo ba
T
powh poh zaih zaih HT gie gai
phow phoh na low 15 gai gai m
pee pee loo loo hoo hoo
tsee tsee if mah mah hee hee icyj
queeb quee *j5 maih maih hee hee
ret ree ^ moh mah bow1 bo
saih saih low IS 1 A gie
Words ofone Syllable ending with one of the quiescent Letters anil is pro
nounced hard;
LITTLE VOWELS. GREAT VOWELS.
tsav tsav giev gaiv vov vav 1J

quay quay zeev zeev n quov quav )pr
day day peev peev tov tav IpJ
gay gay 'I gowy goy na owy
hhay hhay howy hoy nn kooy kooy *J
ihay shay hhoy hhay *£|
■ win Aow.
b q French q.
a "l—!|—*—* soundfull like (y) injog.
19 hfibREW St"ELLING BOOk.
Words where the (:) Sh'wo adheres to the Letter which precedes it
* T : * in is ns 'P W H as
Words of one Syllable ending with two Sn’vos and both mute.
Etym an "py typn: T. pp. ny, in Peh R:

EASY LESSONS OF ONE SYLLABLE.
bu-ev 'n 'b in 9s-na bs :

day by day; praise to him give of God the house to go
; N'" >''O ":
he is. good for
air bis p sa >''O b;

the good God, from comes good all
:" ": na 58 at a
hastens, the master's house, to a good child
: " ", n' p y, a
runs away. this house from a bad child
: "3 Bib '' by B. '
abides a good, child with a still child
;: " ": na p is
he turns aside. the scorner's house from but
DESSON II.
: "a ' ' ' 'n 'bs in mm

to consider, a heart to me give, living God! Lord! Oh
! son by 2 y) by p * * *
sin. all from evil; all from is free a pure heart
: vs by Tya in ", !" is bs
men. of all in the sight grace to me, grant now O God!
• 'n Rin no BN's En wis
lives; he be dead al-though a still Imäß
: ; Tin >''') s:
of life. is worthy the good for
HEBREW spelling BOOK.
no n : E \l vs 5 N5
is dead; he lives while yea the proud man SO not
; : by na y :
his life. all is hated the bad but
LESSON III.
58 pp 52 b8 . In an a
to who slip ; all to a hand lends a good child
-u is ns in whis 51 by
stranger, or brother whether needy or poor all
!a ', " by 2 ." by in

child to thee this also for nations, all of
'N) is im: # |b N:
*OW Rock of the Lord; the hand from Connes
: vs by py: in 5 in
- men l of all in the eyes grace me grant
LESSON IV.
:y 3% in "p into mp 5' 35

a sore. heart bitter how good; how a merry heart
b. 5: "p ri ET 5:
blood all is cold; fish's blood all
vs " by Dr. Nin vs

man’s body every Warm, is man's
* vs D: "w b v.
nose, head, blood, skin, to him is
pn " " ' " " .ne

bosom, the palm, hand, heart, palate, tooth, mouth,
21 file BREW speLLING Boost.
* ni n' yn T. ,a pit
of God law the Know a side. a back a leg
:bsby in po ph '' '')

to the left. nor to the right incline thou not O!
LESSON V.
.brm ypg) ns) y En

and be still, attend perceive my son Be wis:
ibb" no mon ". . ;

hither; draw near say a loving to child
s: bipa .prn be: '',

ery out with a voice remove, a silly from child
. N.) bs) "R" alba ":

fear and God; very the best, choos?
in: n:8 Sib? ":

and buy truth; the good choose
n!" sigh y": D'N'

hate; and a lie; evil reject
* 9: " ":
creature: to every friendly be
:*:A run ris: s" *

over-bearing. be with a brother and not with thysel
Words of Two Syllables ending with one of the mute Letters adapted to the
sound of the Spanish Portuguese, German and Polish Jews
Example I. with two Long Vowels [tt]
Herman Spanish German Spanish

and and and and
Polish. Portuguese. Polish. Portuguese.
ma-vah 6-voh a-bhah

TP
ma-nah o-no a-na
m
na-vah o-moh a-mah
™?T m
na-sa bo-ro ba-ra
sa-phah bo-kho ba-kha
|T T
sa-rah bo-khoh ba-khah
u
pha-dah go-loh ga-lah rbi
u ITT
tsa-bhah do.oh da-ah run
IT T
tsa-rah do-moh da-mah nan
T|T
qua-pha ho-yoh ha-yah
m
qua-ra hho-yoh hha-yha
I"
qua-nah hho-voh hha-vah
sba-nah hho-zoh hha-zah ■JO
sa-na hho-to hha-ta
IT T
sa-phah yo-ngoh ya-ngah
sa-gah ko-khoh s ka-khah
TWs
sha-nah ko-loh ka-lah
W th
ta-ngah lo-moh la-mah
Words of Tko Syllables aiding with one of the mute Letters adapted to the
sound ofthe Spanish, Portuguese, German and Polish Jews-
Example I. with two long vowels [tt]
German Spanish German Spanish

and and and and
Polish. Portuguese. Polish. Portuguesi
hho-zoque hha-zaque o-voque a-bhaque

rip m
to-roph ta-raph o-gol a-gal
«pp
yo-gong ya-gang o-tod a tad
M
yosquor ya-quar o-khol a-Hal
IS
yo-roque ya-raque o-som a-sam
PW m
yo shor ya-shar bo-tsol ba-tsal bus
ko-noph ka-naph bo-roque ba-raque
lo-von la-bhan bo-sor ba-sar
lo-shod la-shad go-zom ga-zam
mo-tor ma-tar gonoz ga-naz
mo-shol ma-shal go-rov ga-rabh
no-oque na-aque do-vor da-bhar
m
no-don na-dan do-gon da-gan
n» m
BO-rov sa-rabh ho-dor ha-dar m
gnc-non gna-nan vo-mom va-mam
m
gno-phor gna-pha£ zo-hov za-habh
po-rosb pa-rash hho-rod hha-rad
th
Uo-phor tsa-phar hho-gov hha-gabh
Words of Two Syllables ending with one of the mute Letters adapted to th*
sound of the Spanish, Portuguese, German and Polish Jews
Example II. with long (..) and long (T)
and and and and
Polish Portuguese Polish Portuguese
mie-tsor mai-tsar IP ie-khoh ai-khah

roie-oh mai-ah bie-tsoh bai-tsah np
me-k.ior nai-khar gie-hhoh gai-hhah
gnieslom gnai-lam g'zie-rob g'zai-rah
*m
pie-oh paiah die-ngoh dai-ngah
tsie-doh tsai-dah hie-moh hai-mah th
he
tsie.long tsai-lang hie-khol hai-khal VP
quie-voh quai-bhah zie.ngoh zai-ngah
rie-quom rai-quam hhie-moh hhai-mah
shie-gol shai-gal hhie-mor hhaimar
nhie-noh shai-nah yie-shong yai-shang
*ie-ngor sai-ngar kie roh kai-rah u
ie-voh tai-bhah lie-vcT lai-bhabh
Example III. fVords with long' (T) Kametz and (••) Tsai rai.
ko-hien ka-hain IP? o-mien a-main

m
lo-viesh la-bhaish go-dier ga-dair
u
no-bier ma-hair do-vieque da-bhaique
o-mier na-mair TJ vo-vie va-vai a
gno-mieque gna-maique zo-quien za-quain th
po-ried pa -raid hho-mietz hha-maitz
Example IV. Words with long (•) and long (t)

and and and and
kee-moh kee-mah ee-ro ee-ra
lee-noh lee-nah ee-16n ee-lan
t*
mee-khoh mee-khah bee-noh bee-nah
nee-doh nee-dah be-son bee-than
m
nee-tson nee-tsan DTi gee-loh gee-lah
see-roh see-rah rrvp dee-noh dee -n ah
pee-moh pee-mah hhee-boh hhee-bah
tsee-tsoh tsee-tsah bhee-doh hhee-dah
m
quee-noh quee-nah hhee-moh hhee-mah nan
IT •
ree-moh ree-mah T • hhee-mosh hhee-mash
nan
shee-noh shee-nah tee-roh tee-rah rrjp
»T *
see-moh see-mah yee-roh yee-rah
Example V. Worrfi u>tf/t /ong (T) and Zong (•)
so-hheesh sa-hheesh ho-reem ha-reem nnn

rT
ro-meem ra-meem r T ho-geeg ha.geeg •T
ro-tseem ra-tseem vo-veem va-veem
ro-queeqe ra-queque zo-reem za-reem
u
so-reem sa-reem hho-tseer hha-tseer TOT
sho-leesh sha-leesh hho-leetz hha-leetz PC
sho-pheer sba-pheer yo-deem ya-deem en:
to-meed ta-meed no deev na-deebh
th
MKBRKW SPELLING BOOK. 26
Example VI. Words with fl) and loig (T)

and and and and
mow-toh mo-tah rttDlJb ow-roh o.rah "3*

IT
mow-sor mo.sar UplO gowJoh go-lah
mow-shov mo-shabh S^lfi 'gow-iol go-ral
mow-rod mow-rad "H1D dow-doh do.dah
gnow-lom gno-lam dow-nog do-nag
th
gnow-161 guo-lal how-voh ho-vah
tsowphoh tso.phah hhow.moh hho-mah nam
quow-moh quo-mah tow-voh to-bhah
show-oh sho ah kow-vong ko-bhang
Example VII. Words with long (t) and (1)
mo-owr maor o-dowm a-dom

mo-hhowl ma-hhol o-khowl a-khol
"
mo-quowm ma-quom o-mown a-mon
1 1' " m
quo-dowsh qua-dosh o-showv a-shobh
sho-sows sha-thotbs bo-owr ba-6r
so-sown sa-son go-dowl ga-d51
sho-mowr sha-mSr ho -mown ha-mon
th
to-owr ta-6r mant zo-down za-don 1HJ
to-vowsh ta-bhosbs ko-vowd ka-bh5d
to-mowl ta-mol lo-shown la-shon
Example VIII. Words (!|) and long (t)

Qerman Spanish German Spanish
and and and and
Polish. Portuguese. Polish. Portuguese.
moo-tsoque moo-tsaque boo-shoh boo-shah
soo-gor soo-gar goo-phoh goo-phah
gnoo-roh gnoo-rah doo-moh doo-mah nan
gnoo-gov gnoo-gabh yoo-vo yoo-bha
shoo-hhoh* shoo-hhah koo-moz koo-maz too
shoo-ngol shoo-ngal moo-phoz moo-phaz
Example IX. Words with long (T) and (!|)
no-hhoosh na-khoosh bo-rookh ba-rookh

he
so-goor sa-goor yo-t«ookh ya-tsookh
gno-boor gna-boor yo-quoosh ya-quoosh
gno-goor gna-goor lo-mood la-mood
gno-rokh gna-rookh mo-gnooz ma-gnooz
po-rood pa-rood mo-gnooph ma-gpooph
Example X. Words with (•" ..) (" ) (!| !|) (1 D .

soo-roo soo-roo hid ie-tsie " ai-tsai
gnoo-roo gnoo-roo hhie-riesh hhai-raish
quoo-moo quoo-moo tie-tie tai-tai
shoo-voo shoo-bhoo CM* hie-hhiel hai-hhail
ow-sow oo-too mix ngee-ree ngee-ree th
bow-row bo-ro quee-ree quee-ree
,TP
'•ow-sow ko-so shee-shee shee-shee
1D13
HBBEEW SPELLING BOOK. 28
Example XI. Words of two Syllables with long vowelsH wnose

first vowel is pronounced (:)
'Gorman Spanish German Spanish
and and and and
Polish Portuguese. Polish s Portuguese.
z'mow-roh z'mo-rah Pl^l&T b'ro-kho b'ra-hhah
tt;
t'mie-ie t'mai-ai 'ijffilP b'ngie-nie b'ngai-nai
m'vee-ie m-bhee-ai b'gie-now b'gai-no
n'phoo-tsie n'phoo-tsai b'soo-see b'soo-thee
s'lee-hhows s'lee-hhoth rnrho b'sie-raph b'sai-raph
s'hhow-roh s'Jiho-rah n*)l"lp b'ree-yows b'ree-yoth
p'low-nee p'lo-nee Ml^S) g'do-rie g'da-rai
p'roo-sow p'roo-tho 1WlS glee-lo g'lee-lah
qu'die-roh qu'dai-rah ITT^p g'zie-row g'zai-ro
sh'vee-gnee sh'bhee-nge *Jp)J^ d'vo-reem d'bha-reem
sh'moo-ngo sh'moo-nga Jl^1^^ d'moo-sokh d'moo-takh
t'-shoo-voh t'-shoo-bha PliltJ'fl v'sho-lowm v'sha-lom
t'-roo-moh t'-roo roah nffnfl v'zo-khoo v'za-khoo
Examples whose 2nd. Vowel is Pronounced.

low-m'deem lo-m'-deem Wlfch ow-m'-reem o-m'-reem Q^TftlX
mo-ts'-o-o ma-ts'-oo bow-g'-die bo-g'-dai **TJ12
no-g'-shoh na-g'shah HJJ'JJ go-l-soh ga-l'-thah ("Ifi^
sow-v'vie so-bh'bhai *331D do-r-shoo da-r'shoo
po-r'shoh po-r'-shah !"!t?''"l2 ha-l'-loo ha-l'-loo
tso-l'-loo tsa-l'loo $p)t oos'-ko-loo oos'-ka-loo ^h^G)
quo-t -loh qua-t'-loo ifopp ta-l'-loo ta-l'-loo
row-m'moo ro-m'-moo yfotylT) yow-sh'-vie yo-sh'-bhai *JCJ''
Example XII. Words of two Syllables with one long and one
short vowel.
and and and and ss- :\>
yul-lad yul-lad a-hhad a-hhad
ka-ngas ka-ngas PR? ish-shoh ish-shah
kai-seph kai-seph uk-kal uk-kal
5
la-hav la-habh ba-has ba-hat
i
lai-hhem lai-hhem bai-ten bai-ten
N)
mai-lekh mai-lekh biz-zoh biz-zah
mil-l6h mil-lah bus-shal bus-shal *m
nai-phesh nai-phesh ga-hhal ga-hhal
«w
sa-ngar sa-ngar gai-shem gai-shem
sai-mel sai-mel giz.zoh giz-zah i+ "
suk-koh suk-kah da-gnas da-gnat
gnai-rev gnai-rebh any dai-rekh dai-rekh
u
pai-leg pai-leg bai-vel hai-bhel
*»"
tsa-ngar tsa-ngar hik-koh hik-kah
teiv-voh tsiv-vah hul-lal hul-lal
TP
ra-ngash ra-ngash zai-phes zai-phet
nw
rin-noh rin-nah zim-moh zim-mah
shai-men shai-men hhai-red hhai-red TCI
shid-doh shid-dah 7V$ hhib-boh hhib-bah
ta-ngar ta-ngar ta-ngam ta-gnam
tutn-mee tum-mee tai-reph tai-reph
"m
Example XIII. Words of two Syllables with short vowels, tne

first Syllable ending wit/i mute (")
Genrum Spanish German Spansih
and and and
kar-pas kar-pas DB13 ez-rahh ez-rahb nir^t
lehh-las lehh-lat al.man al-raan
mal-mad mal mad um-lal um-lal
miz-bahh miz-bahh nzp bar-bar bar-bar

mel tzad mel-tzad bar-zel bar-zel
nish-mas nish-math gal-gal gal gal hh
san-san san san gar-zen gar-zen
PP s'P
gneg-las gneg lath dar-dar dar-dar
tin
gnor-las gnar-lath hav-hav habh-habh ^rDfi
tir%
par-var par-var zal-zal zal-zal
u
quin-as quin-ath fiXJp hher-pas hher-path
quar-qu&ng quar-quang Vp*)p hhar-tzan hhar-tzan
quor-bon quar ban hhem-as hhem-ath
shen-av shen-habh 3p|3# turn-as tum-at
shul-hhan shul-hhan yesh-khem yesh-khem DJE'*
IW
tahh-man tahh-mas dot yis-mahh yis-mhah
titz-lahh titz-lahh kar-mel kar-mel
Example XIV. Words of two Syllables, ending with one of the

quiescent letters which sounds.
po noy pa-nay o-veev a-bheev
po-nooy pa-nooy hha-gowy hah-goy n*3
sho-liev sha-laiv vo-nowy vS-noy naj
to-meed ta-meed gno lov gna-lav
SI HEBREW SPELLING BOOK
Example XV. Words of two syllables ending in T\ ah H ah

y ang.
and and and and
now-ahh no-ahh w trree-ahh b'ree-ahh
now-ang no-ang sw g'vow-ba g'bho-ha rroi
pee-ahh pee-ahh n*s g'vee-ang g'bhee-ang
roo-ahh roo-ahh nn die ang dai-ang S3
roo-ang roo-ang tee-ahh tee-ahh rrtp
rie-ang rai-ang JO too-ahh too-ahh nita
rie-ang rai-ang y'gee-ang y'gee-ang m\
row-ang ro-ang y'tsoo-ang y'tsoo-ang
shoo-ahh shoo-ahh kbw-ahh ko-ahh
sie-ahh sai-ahh kow-ahh ko-ahh TO
see-ahh see-ahh lie-ahh lai-ahh
sooh-ahh soo-ahh irto loo-ang loo-ang
t'quow.ang t'quo-ang J0p>? mow-ahh mo-ahh nia
Reading Lessons of two Syllables.

vnw *Tfi pp. ;n$n *er yr^
winter, spring autumn summer they are year seasons four
nan n^N n$fr 0rr
they these are in a year months Twelve
W$ ax nan jvp pyj
tishree elul abh tammuz sivan iyar nisan
■n^3 TI8 ton^ nae vfe j$'n
year adar shvat tebet kislev hheshvan
t$ Nnjp: nrus p'nn ny may
second, adar called a month another leap
LESSON II.
;dtj% »$ x-l3 "imp lb
O God in me create a pure heart
within me. re-new a wise spirit
my heart. only thee to love
those who know O God ! thy name. fear to

♦ bto TWO ysm »#$3
of the skies than the light is brighter my soul
iwrfa$: rrjm orjs rmrfr

of God. the law the beauty to observe
perfect with sweetness will I ponder my meditations
the soul; s to requite I will study therein

bi hit© nJM nxtsn
my fault also blot out of my youth the sin
my helper ! 0 God I will seek, will I ask this
put to shame. I shall not of man in the sight

5**08 P D* T^ ^
iall I find, in thy sight grace also then yea
Example of Words of Three Syllables with Long and Short Vou-els.

German and Polish. Spanish and Portuguese.
o-tsol-to a-tsal-ta
ar-bo-ngoh ar-ba-ngah
3
a-hha-row-noh a-hha-ro-nah
o-laph-to a-laph-ta
ie-lam-mov ai-lam-mav
ar-tsai-kh6 ar-tsai-kha
o-phan-nee o-phan-nee
bo-o-dom ba-a-dam
bo-ro-so ba-ra-ta T |T|T
bie-nie-khem bai nai-khem
bo-nai-khoh ba-nai-kha
he
bi-shal-to ba-shal-ta it : -,r
bit-hhow-nay bit-hho-nay
bar-bu-reem bar-bu-reem
baque-boo-quee baque-boo-quee
t
gal-gal-lov gal-gal-lav
gow-lo-mie go-la-mai
gul-gow-les gul-go-let
gan-nai-ho gan-nai-ha
gab-bow-sov gab-bo-thav
do-rash-tee da-rash-tee
doo-khce-phas doo-khee-phat
day-yo-nay day-ya-nay
hai-ho-roh hai-ha-rah rrm
T|T|V
jai-ngo-vor hai-nga-bhar
hEBREW SPELLING BOOK. 34
'erman, &c Spanish, &c.

ad-do-gön had-dā-gān |:
āy-yo-shör hāy-yā-shär
ish-il-teev hish-il-teev
"bs:
k-kee-see hik-kee-thee 'n':
am-manga-nón ham-manga-nān !y':
ak-ka-ngas hak-ka-ngas by:
av-ho-váy habh-hā-bhāy ':
am-mov-soh ham-măv-thāh
"
az-za-ngam haz-za-ngam EV),
ash-sho-hhar hash-shā-hhar “Trit: "I
1-r -
am-mal-okh ham-mal-ākh is:

ap-pà-hhad hàp-pā-hhad Tr'."
im-statz-to him-tsatz-tā #yp"
ish-bar-tee hish-bar tee ":"
ique-rav-noo hique-rabh-noo *"
āy-yo-hhal vāy-yā-hhal br:
5-ó-ngan vā-ā-ngan !')
O-pha-hhas vā-pha-hhat n")
o-vahh-tee zā-bhahh-tee
"Final
hol-hho-loh hhāl-hhá-lāh
hoto wo hhá-tsä-bhoo
r:
'ay:
hir-hhar-to hhir-hhar-tā
"n
hit bhar-tee hhir-hhar-tee
"n
how-lo-láy hho-lä-lây *::In
0 phash-noo ti-phash-noo *:::::
German and Poltshi Spanish and Portuguese.
tow-lie-les to-lai-let
ta!-lai-kho tal-lai-khi
yo-ga-ngat ya-ga-ngat ,
yow-da-ngas yo-da-ngat
yo-lal-to ya-lal-ta
yo-khowl-tee ya-khol-tee
ko-ro-to ka-ra-ta
kir-vee-veen kir-bhee-bheem
kis-ngee-reem kis-ngee-reem
kis-see-see kis-see-thee
kil-kal-tee kil-kal-tee
kip-la-yim kip-la-yim
I'vA-ho-voh I'bha-habhah
lo-qua-hhas la-qua-hhat
lo-quat-noo la-quat-noo
low-khai-dea lo-khai-det
low-shai-nes lo-shai-net
low-tsie-noh lo-tsai-nah
mat-to-roh mat-ta-rah
mo-sho-loh ma-sha-lah
m'tso-o-som m'tsa-a-tham
mee-mee-nee mee-mee-nee
nrie-rar-teev mai-rar-teev
mil-lal-to mil-lal-ta
mo-hhatz-to ma-bhatz-ta
HEBREW SPELLING BtJOfC. 36
German ant! Polish. Spanish and Portugutst,
no-shaph-to na-shaph-ta
no-ngar-teev na-gnar-teev
nits-tsatsteev nits-tsats-teev
nique-quar-tee nique-quar-tee
nie-row-say nai-ro-thay
so-lo-khoh sa-la-khah
so-ngad-to sa-gnad-ta
so-lal-to sa-lal-ta
TOP
sov»-lai-les so-Iai-let n^D
gnie-nie-khem gnai-nai-kbem
^'lav-lo-soh gnav-la-thah
gnit-too-ray gnit-too-ray
gnow-lo-lov gno-la-lav
gTiig-goo-15h gnig-goo-lah
po-ro-quoo pa-ra-quoo
pit-to-hhoo pit-ta-hhoo
jig-goo-lov pig-goo-lav
jits-tsal-tee pits-tsal-tee
sip-pee-see tsip-pee-thee WW
[uiv-vee-see quiv-vee-thee Wj?
□ad-da-hhas quad-da-hhat
o-hho-moh ra-hha-mah
th
tio-lo-moh sha-la-mah
lo-mang-to sha-mang-ta
lo-roay-raoh sha-may-mah
37 HEBREw SPELLING Book. |
O children come and

attend to me; at all times
ry': ' ', ypg) by: i.
be neatly clad; and let
vour hands and face,
.* Brya E.'y":
# clean, then, when you * plp map : " ":
go abroad, you will ob:
tain respect both from in *::p" is D'Aa Bånt:"
young and old.
'B' rvae", "y:
The Law Moses com
manded : chil baton": "typ'n's ".
dren will study it to
make them good; bal
a's arrinn's Brit:
children take no heed to
learn any thing; the * **n Ers:
are ignorant, which will
for ever embitter their "'s Eyn'", wr "
lives. ! E:nt'p.
Guard my tongue from
evil and my lips from
"p negn : y : * *
uttering deceit. - $ npip |
Respect age, and rise

up before the hoary.
*"g Ro pi .
Give unto God son sm 2. 'm "';
and praise, for he is goo Binn's alb's
and merciful.
The Lord God, Al

mighty, who createdthis
ns N' "my's bribs *
£ ar world, and
ns : * ban Ey"
the fullness thereof; the
heavens and all the host,
above; the earth, and
risins:::::::AE:
all, her productions be
low, and all substances
impa bons' nappys'
which is thereon; the
heavenly host, the sun,
typer'Epth, 8: ; by "t
the moon, the stars, and
the zodiacal signs. The
r": n'on bapt: "
earth revolves round the vown numa w:irr's 3:
sun; when the sun is
bove the earth, it is
ght; and when the sun
";****
is below the earth it is J H&ft ♦ fftfiH $$$71
lark; to the light he •' ,• T'i
jailed day and to the f^p> ^H?) * UV tTp1. *\MO
larknesshe called night. ' • i % T'- " T
j rfyr?
he wisdom of thywords ^ *pi?0 ^p!?^
Death and life are in 4 Mgfsn ^Vfl QWH1 WO

be powerofthe tongue. I t- • r
* D*x«rr D?tf3 jVTjflj
The superioity of man rfeato moan • nîon
i intellect and speech,
is wisdom rules tb- tffcH WTO '
lants, animals, fisi., .' s
ad trees; he is a cofr * T0n» • ffXJDI
ound ofclay and spirit, . ' l '
le component part of }0^0 IVÔ * J$*)9 10^11
lay is from water, salt,
111 and dust. ^ • t
^s256i£ S * w*w> • »m • w • to
zwki:\J:i wTtJ • vmvrn*

LSihmwihheWyesh,noaned ^ ♦ DOT * ' D»
ilketh with feet. » D*^*^)
These four letters HTiT^ the appellation of the Eternal, being

i ineffable name is never pronounced by the Israelites on any
:asion whatever : whenever it is found thus pointed TTitV it
read ^""T$ Lord; when pointed thus (TTi"P it is read
T*?K God.
T. is often put for TOT and is read '•J'TNl Lord.

39 TABLES.
The trees Sr the brambte. : tarn o»xyn
The trees went forth
to elect a king over
them; and they said
unto the olive tree,
reign thou over us.
But the olive tree said
unto them, shall I leave
my fatness, wherewith
by me they honour God
and man, and go to
be promoted over the
trees ? Then said the m*y? • njtsijfc D^xyn ns^
trees to the fig-bush,
come thou and reign
over us, and the fig- . ro^n on1? -onto ; tt^ffi^
bush said unto them,
shall I forsake my
sweetness, and my deli
cious fruit, and go to
be promoted over the
trees ? And the trees
said unto the vine, come
thou, and reign over
Ms, hut the vine said
unto them; shall I leave wrbs W&pn HShY^nJ
my wine, which cheer-
eth God and man, and
go to be promoted over
the trees? Then said
all the trees unto the
bramble, come thou and
reign over us. But the
bramble said unto the D^n^lO DON DK , D*#"
trees, if in truth ye elect
me king over ye, then
come and put your trust
in my shadow;—but if
not, fire shall come out
of the bramble, and
shall consume the ce
dars of Lebanon.
Jud. ch. ix. v. 8.
The Poor Man and the

Lamb.
There were two men ins ;nri8 vrj d^js ^
in one city ; the one
rich and the other poor.
The rich man had abun
dance of flocks and : tir& nsnn , p& n£
herds : but the poor
/•ables. 40
lan had nothing' save . njej? nnx rwp &y «$ hb \y$
ne little "ewe lamb,
rhich he had purchased
nd nourished ,np, and
; grew up together
rith hirii, ami "with his wojm . ^xn was « vp\ v$
hildren: it did eat of
is o\vn meat, and drank
f his own cup, and lay
i his own bosom-, and
" as unto him as a
aughter. And there
ame a traveller unto . "inpiai * Ttt&p nnp1? 5Brt^
be rich man; and he
pared to take of his
wn flock, and of his
wn herd to dress for
he way-faring man that ^^C^SJlf tf'Nn ne'a3
ras come unto him ;
ut took the poor man's
amb, and cooked it for ITT V th
•T V - ; vSx
T '* ton
T -
he man that was come
into him. And^David
aid to Nathan, the man
hat has done this thing
hall surely die ; and he
hall restore the lamb
rarfold, because he
id the thing, and be-
ause he had no pity,
ind Nathan said unto
)avid, thou art the
lan !
2. Sam. ch.
Ass and his

Load. Ntrani win
An Ass carrying a
Dad of salt had to ford i?yxn^ Nfena im tb^j
, river, in crossing it,
lis foot slipped, and
le fell down in the
yater; when he arose,
le perceived that his
oad was much lighter
in him than it was at
irst. For the water
lad melted $he salt,
iome time after, he
lad to pass over the
iver again with a load
if sponge, he said to
41 PAfiLBS.
himself, I will also
lighten myself of this
burden; so he threw -rp vbi . trsn îro
himself down into the
river, but he was not
able to rise, for the iwn nina 0!an rq&*a &fi
water had penetrated
the sponge and made
it heavy, that he could
not get up, thus he
perished under his
load.
MORAL.
nous
" There is a way
which seemeth right
unto man, but the
end thereof, are the
'Vaysof death "
Prov. *io. 12-
The Crab and hit : mi J&TB1

Son.
An Old Crab re . ytxh tw nns flpnp
proved his son, said
unto him, how long
is it, since you walk n$? spn xh ana ? r\"fnm
backwards ? It is not
good to take this round
about way ; the son
replied, " If I have
found favor in thy
sight, O my father,
teach me how to walk ^3Ni d»jfib rgfe r\m *3n
forwards, and 1 will
act according to thy
commands."
MORAL. noia
There is an ancient
pttf»erb which says,
" Be pure thyself,
ere thou reprovest
another."
42
fke Li<mi and the
Mouse.
Once a lion #'as fele'e^-
ng in his den, and a bite % p\ K# rviK
nouse came, jumped,
md Skipped Upon him ; Vfe iM Lq$Bi
which aroused him
fremitus slumber; the
!ioh was extremely
fflgry on this account,
and sought to slay
him ; the mouse ear
nestly entreated him, wt? ion "TpN»3 *?pyn
0 now my lord ! par
don I pray thee, the
transgression of thy
servant, for it was
not done intentionally,
and I will atone for my
fault, by serving thee
faithfully and i truly,
and wiU do all that
thou commandest me ;
the lion laughed within
himself saying, in what
manner can he help me,
commanded the mouse
to leave his presence,
for thou art too con
temptible fdf me to slay
thee. It came to pass
some time after the lion
went to seek his prey,
(as was his cUstom,) he
came to a field where
sheep werS feeding,
but fell into a net njnn
'ttt vUj
t ** nnî
t : t »i" nrixn
: - t muni
ivMch lay concealed
pnder him ; when the
liofl perceived the evil
that had befallen him,
he lifted Up his voice
and roared out lust-
iy : the mouse hearing . wph ^nnn nrixn "^w
the lion's voice, hes
ran towards it, when .iMN 'jpp^N nitsn-ns main
alas ! he beheld the
Hon entangled in the
meshes of the net,
and remembering the
g;ood he had done
nim, he set about
pnawing the net with
bis teeth by degrees,
43
and set the lion at

liberty; then said the ,971-8% incrim", "an:
mouse to the lion
thou despisest me, and *****
thought me of little
worth, now behold,
and see, how I have
served thee, and have
be: 'n' 'n' ',
saved thee from falling
into the "' of thy
enemies, therefore let
in: rs. Evil: Tams"
it be had in remem
brance and consider ;:
it well.
MOR AL.
- be
“A Friend loveth at
all : and a brother n' ris, y, it is ry :
is born for adversity.”
Prov. xvii. 17. - i+"
* * ** * • * * * , |
The Fly, the Ox, and

the Bee. inmam...wn stain
A Fly was observed "wn rip "a r" " :
resting all day between
the horns of an ox, .
who was ploughing in
nign "na win vs
the furrows of a field, "ponyms: Eps, bin'.
and did not stir from
his place, a bee per
ceiving it said to the .*.*.*him: s:
fly, why do you sit
so comfortably between ym: Enevori!: ###".
the harness; the fly
answered, look at these n" by risi, "sh St.
fields which I and the
ox have heen plough stun winnin win**
ing this day; come do
in like manner if you B. : *, *, r*inky,"
nave the strength and
power, arouse! arouse
thyself mistress bee!
in Erl#y "y,n):
*ABLES, 44
* **
MORAL. - "D).5
The weak attaches brmampa'inic' worm
mself to the strong,
ld the cheat pretends
, Bryn Tab:
honesty; they say, I
ve accomplished, but
' ' '...'": "N" m)
Iw vain
terance,
is their
and their
* N: "Ninn
is are full of empti
#SS
y'a ban's
:w: Ersk. p.
he Raven and the : "vin anyn
Eagle.
A hungry raven irriga r::Nyplay)" any
und a carcase in a
sld, flew upon it,
ld began eating and
novn .538 .''y y).
as exceedingly glad,
ld could not help
* Ty: ris, tris, N: "R"
ying craw ! craw !
le sound re-echoed
"viny", "Row"p"a"
love, and
e ear of an eagle,
reached
s: Tris"), any, bp ris
ho said, I will de
'end and see from n:#pps,"b"yov's
hence this sound pro
'eds, whether it be " ; "vibri niy."p is sin
le voice of war, or
le lamentation of the rū) by "by amy, ns syph
inquished, he flew
bwn, and beheld the "phy any ins", "pria
iven on the carcase
f the beast whom he
mote and drove away;
b:s: "an r", "m
nus the carcase be int', ')',
ame a prey to the * * *
agle. t - - " , "a

MORAL,
The mouth
etrays the head; or
often *
thoso keepeth his , c'm wrong gin.
mouth, keepeth his,
oul from trouble.
Prov. 21. 23, : It'Instrap views with
FABLBS.
The Stag and hit

Shadow
A Stag standing by
the brink of a river, ana oâs bl "ti&TR* ^
saw his shadow in the yy\ h nj&x W tt&s mnr#
water, thus addressed
Biraself—I am hand
somer and stronger
than any beast of the
field ; Providence has mm &r\phfi$titi%
been kind, by furnish
ing me with high and h? . n^ja »Snbj nxm
beautiful horns,(which
are so comely to the
sight,) yet for all this,
I am displeased when
I behold my long and
spindle shanks ; the
like I have not seen
amongst any beast that
roam about the earth :
he had scarce made an
end of these words,
when lifting up his
eyes, he beheld a Lion ;
he became alarmed, to d^1? TO fiha b#l fxo
and was greatly scared,
and fled into the in Tri«3 nun? oaf? iraftri . ^
terior of the wood,
in order to escape from
the power of the lion ;
in his flight his horns
entangled him in a
thicket, so that he could âpa W *trtra
not turn either to the
right or to the left, the »ffc)D5 pK Tg*$ n5«3
lion pursued after him,
and overtook him in the
thicket, and slew him,
as his life was depart
ing, said, how foolish
have I been, for des
pising my legs which
alone could have saved
me, and have admired
my horns which have
caused my ruin, and
gave me over to my
pursuer.
MORAL.
So are the ways of
fools, who judge by aita fwftT phi
appearances and change ' " • «W? D^
:ai&ajrriF$
the good for evil, and
the evil for good.
FABLES. 4f
The Ox and the He-
goat.
An Ox hearing the
roaring of a lion in
a forest fled at the
sound, and hid him
self in one of the
caves, with which the
"orest abounded, when
to his surprise he found rrpn tttp.1 v#B m rxyf\ .
there also, a he-goat,
and he became agi
tated, and trembled
exceedingly, the goat
said to him, what ! im tpa ifay *$$t? irisa
are you frightened
at roe ! do you not
remember we were
brought up together
from our youth in
one fold ? The ox
replied and said, every
beast that I see this
day has appeared be
fore my eyes in the
resemblance of a lion.
-wits
MORAL.
Every run-away or
cowara will tremble
at the shaking of a
leaf.
o
VOCABULARY.
• • ss o
Of the heavens, luminaries, .rvniioa .^nemo
sta's, planets, Stc Jflbtni .D'aac
white light • T heaven, air D,JDB'
'-T
yeiiow light anv^ clonds ™^
morning star Ttffofl^L skie* ['C^t'h D'pfi^
dawn of day "lP|$ ^JJSV high heavens DTT^J
daybreak IfiBTl hlTjJ expanse J^jTJ
luminaries fYfflNlJJ heavenly essence D^&fpl jjj
sun rising ^fi^H HH^T innermost hea- D^fiBCI
* : ven
son setting #$271 flNTCl end of heaven D^fil^P! JT^p -
day light D?nTKn solar 8,m tibtf
morning star *1H5J' neat of the sun !"1RSH
morning "jpjj rays of the sun
aurora îJM<r*v •' *1H#0
twilight morning dawn H"?^

night nV^ li»ht th
»id-night , lYM"! meridian ri&ht "Vi'-C^'
monthly m*m j fT* CH* briSht ' ^
wwmoon 0 ^ " shining 'light
round moon f faU U«ht H
horned moon flp^j clear r'Sbt
mJf moon ' s IpTJ 8Plendid " TTTI?
fill moon i rp^ri *|V$> streaky Ught H^l
dweciip* n$$r$} mi«ty.light nj
VOCABULARY. 49
jupiter or ^PTft lu5*r ecliPse "I^H
thursday I DV . , ' f rYlT!D
. totals eclipse _
venus or fridayJ {
I W DT a star VflS
saturn or satur- J" N£l5?? 8tars D'lll^lD
day ^./{v^^T1!^^ arcturo-,,L|^ v^JltUl
?l^ra, Sep. orion hftQr
§«prpip, jj^ri ^"IpX pleiades y H^J
sagitarius,
w-i**' Nov.
Xt*tu*v 1^D3
" Wps
'•• stars o/ the
arctfc poleant- 2< ffl'JJJ 'TIE
partes. Jan. ^ ^ Jfe-/^ ^ T#'

* p>ces ' '%!0L " V^D^ twelve rigni of Jjv-fjp>
" ariev ' 'March. ° |W1 n^J. the zodiac lA „ , k fflbp
taurus ApriL Tjtf good fortane ^yjgj^p,'
gentini May. 1VD D^1NPl emanation Vthg?
cancer June. fifiPl |{51p- pow.ejr dominion '"ltSJS'O
le» July ^ mi^t wandering stars J"l5?: >
virgo Angnst ST^T©s <*■» ' Tt$ '3a£h
' priûy , ss» Mfb&t " *~ 's ' nan
snn or Sunday f T
chief, sonrce J lU^H El»-
beginning njpflp^ WOA^r ^ ft?^
former times
yesterday ^85^^^- :.- ': " f s fi^ttl
• ',? ) mars ortnesday^ i
dayterday
before yes- D1B'TB'
• ' : v \ •
ancient C^p mercury or ^ ""3J"D
oid time s Dpiy.> w«dnesdaf J ^2*1
49 TOCAEULAKT.
Times, Seasons, winds, Sic. ."131 frtPm .O'fiJW
a few days D^ then H
half a day *2Cfn( opportunity
12 o'clock noon D'TIX
• -t:t a time' a7',
/ ; > ? >s , -
a week JPQB' a synod
days of the
week
Sunday n?^3 *K DV world
noonday „ #aov globe
tuesday » *J DV a moment V
Wednesday »» *"T DV an hour ✓
thursday •i "(I DV half an hour
friday ") QV third of an
hour
Saturday TOE?
T " DV quarter
hour- of an
holiday DV a point
*iriJi5
T T1 instantaneous
to.•morrow <
K 1 1 mnj)
mrtt spontaneous
night
\ n*5"J2 days
this night n.jn rtp^n » year
a fortnight DîE'
•T s*s : two year*
a revolution Tl&hpft years
a common year nJSlB^S) time
f» • TT
leap year JT^llJflp 7]}$ minutes
half a year H^'Pl this day
»'" t sw E
VOCABULARY. 50
Continued.
wrth♦s centre IZTp *»rd of a year g^gj
lartb's circle fTiW jl^fl quarter of a year |"|3{J' J/1^

paradise pj? |4 this year
delight IJjjfcf the year to
o * come TT- IT
, na*lp. -Dip
.ngip .D"lj?s fall of days
t *T
EAST
I nrrita >rn?& year of release
i\m >n$ >d; jîiee
west passover TIPS
{
north miSX pentecost
'D1TI »il2L5J tabernacle
south J^fi »r?C new year
wind
{ day of atone
ment
exhalations ifflPffl hosanna rabba iOJ$5HPl
east wind
•T assembly '•• ": ' "
west wind rejoicing of the HTW nPlfifc'
T law T " : '
south wind fflTl HVl dedication
north wind }1STXri!|*l purim Dnia
i fresh n^**in arctic pole
breeze
i dry wind *"fif im antarctic pole
contrary VIM HV1 dragon's head
wind
f]"fl£j6t fiVl dragon's tail
stormy \ nnjK? pri hori2on
wind
whirlwind HSID Illl equator
hurricane CIV! torrid zone
wind blows .^"D fill frigid zones rtnnpt
51 VOCABULARY.
Continued.
thunders ffl^l|3 a common wind
loud thunders D^PJÎs strong wind pip on
rolling thunders E^B'jn cloud, clouds
«M
dryness ]3*11H thick clouds
desolate lofty clouds
T•
parched J1NIBX rain D0W
heated or dried up "y^y) bow of the
T' covenant
sandy ft*l!l3{2l ohscureness
rain D5$! gloom
shower "1t3?3 between
light & dark 1
confined rain *V*tiD mistv dark- J
••- ness
light rain UK
continual
dropping 1%
first rain ffifp dark-shadow
latter rain BhpîD dimness
smoke a mist "is
fume "TfltJ'S vaPour ■rap
white frost absence of
light It***
hoar frost "Y|fl3 gloomy rvmjj
snow jSty intense
• • darkness
hail Tt& lightning Qfru
rt^5V5M flashes
lW-flf* of
lightning
hail-stones o*T^
I 7&jn vivi.d H«ht*
v. " -! mng DTJf)
violent rains D^JJl?' thunderbolts
VOCABULARYs 53
"arts of the aorld. Shipping be. pan ro£S» nuron ,ru'3Dnn
l boat N^DX great rains
i mast drops of rain
i shroud sparkling rain
;hick rope i W3R droP
i cable hlT) dew
jendant, banner bright day *vn3 di*
lag or ensign cloudy day
s line )p rainy day
in oar ' . fcJ1Jjfo sun shining day THJ
• T DV
I; SCull ASIA
a rudder ET)p Africa
helm tD*{03j2 Europe N$n$»8 *)33
mariner's fll^H BP® America
compass
■ail fl^ Australia N^fcpN 5)33
sails T • t: • tI
spreading sails a barque
t hawser "Tflft noah's ark H3C1
speaking trumpet N313£ a gallant ship
tellescope nipanri »»f war WEI
sheet anchor
anchor J*JfiJ7 fishing smacks
anchors Jîjj; ferry boat ^3J?
ships' well floats nrori
sounding lead D»n rhsp&p raft n-psn
rtel rafts nnDin
S3 ' ••, VOCABULARY.
Continued-
a port C|in brigs
a haven in?
harbour I lsh sraacks nrvp
sea monster P3PI net
leviathan net of defence n^rcp .two
fish hammock
fishes a fish boat
water reptile DJfin commander in
' ' " chief
a swimmer T\T0 pilot
billows D^SB'D mariners
sea shore D*n JlSfJ' sailors
{
water boatmen • b^D
roaring of D^fi J1NB' sea robbers
water
sea pirates
seas fisherman
a flood fls^lll^ fishermen
innundation SjtDJJ' tackle run
heavy flood D'l'H blocks win
river hlV fish-hook
stream, brook ^DJ narPoon T•
rivulet yp% harpoons
waves Q^jl fish spear
fountain tritons
•ouroe "llpp a caldron TCP
VOCABULARY. 54
Of clean animals, Stc ornrron nvm ,ni»rann
bonassus or, Nlfl MTfit a P™1
bison '
heifer -||) springs
a young cow J"|*Vs waterspout
TT
he-calf V|M tongue of the
" • sea
she-calf fi/JV mediterranean
jj>35 red sea tpD D!
he-lamb of a
year old salt sea
she-lamb of a t : •
year old
he-lamb
ewJTlamb , t : •
ram, rams D*33 .13 black sea
the ocean
ewe
a small gnat +ppg a strait
a flock of rams ^Jif abyss Din*

*>, flock of ewes depths of the
t sea
a sacrificial depth
lamb TAME BEAST
a full grown
ram wild beast
a shaggy he-
goat rryzip drove' droyes
a shaggy she
goat L,«^ flocks ofcattle
a roe buck
doe flocks of kids
ram goat Dnvg flocks
he goats BfiJI? Ety? "heep

fat cattle
herd
strange goat
ox
55 j' VOCABULARY.
Continued.
cud
horns •".T|: strong
goatsgoat
tail nJT
TT -fT?N
T• " lope ante-
well fed cattle hart
fat beasts D^n3 hind
fat oxen nv$ sta»
fat sheep D^D^Sfi young deer
fat cattle d^pSWTb animals with
1"T : young
large beast nDil stronger sort
T*
small beast ftj?^ feeble sort
killing nJO^M^ a roe buck
jearching np^3 fallow deer
iarcass n^3J buffalo
torn nS'ltJ chamois
a shepherd nyi"l a yoke of oxen
pasture pij?t& a w'ld ox
provender N1S!?» abuttingsox
fleece n« s"nk
sheep shearing n-Tiin Jfif a spotted lamb
shearing wool ibsn njii a &rass lamb
fodder ^3 a fat lamb
irrational 13*10 *W?3 cloven foot
sensitive body B^VfVjJ^QDÎ hoof
gender name yEfl Q$ cleft hoofs
VOCABULARY. 56
Vild bents and unclean animals- .D'StBOn niTO .nuarona
he lion's cubs |»nB> »33 a butcher to C*vf 1r»^2$$
ri\A beasts 0«¥ fattenerofcat-
tie
i wild boar T'TH cow deeper
lyenna IV* nrD1?? cattle keeper
i pole cat ^fifi milker
i cat NÎB? a grazier
»ild cats Q«N a killer
I dog examiner
P113
i bitch fc$3^J3 examination
i grey-hound "VHT cattle stalls • t :
loleful crea f^fflN WILD BEAST n»n
T-
tures
i fox beasts of prey ij£ in^rr
"oxes D^JfiSJ' alion
i hog "■pf}"! a fierce lion
i camel an old lion

i young she i"fi33 a young lion
camel t: •
young drome a sma11 lion
daries
i dromedary a lion's whelp
mules DÎSI a tiger, or leo-
Tt " pard
swift dro D^^HX afioness
medaries
horse a bear an
mare
white horses fi^DÎD beasts of prey nith"llt3 WD
black „ 1[5N
57 VOCABULARY.
Continued.
elephant's trunk ^fj Qflft brown or bay
horses
horses I • '-s : lu
ivory
rhinoceros mi bay » W#® »
a mouse 13pyT red „
a rat ^P!| he-mule J
a weasel she-mule
a ferret
baboons E*T$P camel "
moles
th
a mole
a stable hiik asses »
a stable for horses ^3£Vit she-as*s >/ jinx
stable keeper ^**T23 she-asses rrmrw
hostler ffpIDH "IS1E* zebra Unijb**4 KIP
a pitch fork jljjTJp she aebra
water trough nj!?1E' zebras
eating trough
rrp
horse shoe
• beast
bits Wi!DPl spirited ass
a bit
a hare
stirrups
33nT a rabbit
a saddle an ape
•amel furniture ^jliTl3 elephants
VOCABULARY. 58
Of Reptiles, Insects and their species BTVFtb D'STOm D'OTSVO
i snail iDQh ass's saddle fiyTTfi
horse-leaeh ^f?^: Panniers D^$f}R
camelion H13 saddle bags fflHJÔN
tortoise 3y muzzle 01^3
i lizard . HKlpb A REPTILE y$
i serpent g?H^ reptiles D*2H^
a python |n© moving things nOTNn Vfo")
'' " on the ground |
hedge snake THK creeping things "TgW *7ffl?
": in the dust ^ T ••
an asp ^PV. siUc worms *#$TI V?W
a viper HJ?S^ a moth gfyf
a rattle snake Spjj? a maggot Bp
an adder ■» ant H^W
a striped snake ytjjf ants D^?25j
diamond snake ^V^V louse, lice jy>fa flM
hoa constrictor flea
a water snake p^fl fleas DîyiB
dragon(constel- |WW bug J^SEÊ)
latwn) I I :- ~
quick poison HbH D,lSs j3*fcj'f5J}'f5
slow poison a worm TUfST]
a scorpion 20|?K a ^reat worm ^J^^
a crab a sPider JVfii&fc}'
a salamander N'J'IJ&^D spiders D**Ylp
• frog JttTfi^f spider's web* E^33#
fro*. D^§V«»iug %3B>
59 WOCABULARY,
Flying creatures ,n\Pipni D'Enpr.mp

abominable
reptile 'P'by:
FP2 "ex-24.5'3".
a mole
reptiles
n:
cochineal
"vy a fly 3'
a toad
"Exp flies b':
a poisonous Ty: butterflies
snake .* *
swarm of flies 3ry stinging flies
pyin:
honeycomb næ] horse flies
be au
polluted Fish p spanish fly Sri in Bul
defiled * hornet
my:
a.Sea Imaw
"w a wasp
viny
ahedge hog TE: a beetle
n"ghen
a gnat £3m a locust n:
a leech 8;" a specie of locust by:
FOWL, FOWLS new "y bald locust
by:
flying
{ *Wp Cock-chaffer
brin
D'Alyp grasshopper 5:1
nest nests
b'p.p a caterpillar b:
bird birds
t": "By a palmer worm E}
dove doves
b'"), a cornhopper >}}
young doves my"-): a canker worm
a turtle dove
p:
"in honey bee "
doves
E"in honey bees b"
a pigeon b", a bee hive bn
pigeons "penbia a bat £y
*
WoCABU I.A.E.Y. 60
Continued.
a kite "'s a partridge *"p
a parrot "y a capon "a":
a swallow "I capons t"a
a martin n"::p a quail \by
a screech 9wl n", quails by:
a goat sucker rep a wing n:#">N
b'p a wing closed #8
Crane
-
a flamingo or
{ -
bip a wing spread H}:

a night crow bpmn a chicken n"PN
vulture risin: chickens b'n"Ps
a heron "#8 a feather myth
a Stork n"p" a crop perms:
a goshawk ''' egg eggs by a-ny's
an owl or os- "y. white of an egg ""
"'. or pelicans by: yolk of an egg nobn
an eagle ": a bird cage 3:
ospray mily a cuckoo "y
lapwing n>''" ostrich. emu t":
pelican - n: a COrmorant 'w
-
a SWan
{ Brry a little owl bip
n: a bittern Tep
a peacock Th a night owl "cy.
peacocks b'm a raven * -->
s"y
singing birds by a glade 24~ *
61 WOCABULARY,
Human fabric names of limb &c. is tryinn":Rnown. Durnp:

birds claws "Ep wild doves n"N3".
flock of birds niPly bn a swallow y
hatching by'rt'." a Sant
cock or phea- ": bill 9.
• • - -
quack like a "p a game cock ".

duck
talons by: N.E.2
-
a hen * n: -
a young ostrich Fly'l n: a turkey El

or pelican ... .
Human Nature n this y: hen turkey rip *
materiality nip: a gander n

substance "pin ganders t'.
materialism np:% a goose n:
corporeal, body '' * geese nm,
rational creature "T"-n a young duck *"N."
stature "pip a sparrow ":
life "n hen sparrow n:

living E"r, cock crowing SN
possessing life n"r, a stork ".
breath, soul "p: a wild bird !.

living being mirrve) phoenix by
animation nun. a fowler chp,v.
- intelligent mind n: v' a Snare ep
vital power ni'r nin': Snares me:
spirit r" chirping as chickens :
eight nN.Y.: a gull JN-I-y
hearing ypg) a Crow s:
WOCABULARY, 62
Continued.
| SK1n Ó Brp smelling r!"
*3
es of the
[". taste Ey:
In 'B's feeling th:h
lds E" speech "a"
nations E" moving bib Al
"yg vexation nyl,
ck of hair y", nodding of the "I'lly
* head :
of the head rhy rage !"
y "yy trembling with vyi
rage
oth hair p: passion - "#"n
let ": flesh ":
y locks his p kinsman "sty
ty hair b's kinswoman nysty
Il n: proper ailment bin;
wn of the +T. blood b:
ad
'head n: sinnew - over tre, - "g
2.
k of the head nr=# sinnews E";
l-pate r" arteries - Ephy
b' veins - t":
brows Phil bone v By
lashes E'y"p" bones nvoy
-lids b'By£y gristle, muscle £a- b";
py skin v "y
t' cutis 3%,..." +,# *
*
63 VoCABULARY
Continued.
the head £N" the right eye ph
a thick beard
play the left eye bNo.
a thin beard
p' ear . .
shoulder
b: ears
shoulder blade * tip of the ear
shoulder blades b'Bh: right ear pr:
wind pipe left ear
"p bNo:
the arm pit by's tear !"
arm pits b's pupil of the eye !';
the side . sight
Ts
a rib
y: the temple y:
ribs the nose
ny:
a limb nostrils
ty
limbs cheek
b's
well-formed cheeks
b's phin nine: E
right shoulder lip
pp. in:
left shoulder
bNøy in: lips t".
a hump n"plan upper lip |
elbow joint "p" under lip Flyinrin
arm, cubit . beard
"N
“he whole arm chin
y;"
arms neck
nyril
the lap #in back of the neck £
speech ''') vertebrae
re
VOCABULARY. 64
Continued.
;ft hand Sfcto^T) arm bone SVtfB"^
eft handed -fSlii right arm y_^J_
aim of the hand

} *!*!VDS Pilsation pl^JJ
ack of the hand Tn-3J pulse ppj
mmb or toe J^|2 the hand fi
reat toe TH| hands Q*p
st. finger yaxN sundry s'gnifi- TnrvDie'V
cations of
dddle finger in reference to "f"* MD3
T" its own No. I
f 1 hand *p x
lird finger
\ 2 . . place -p }
mrth or little fVB 3 .. part -?» j
kger
enched fist 6|115S 4 .. shore y *7
it nst? 5 • • power t n
Its "; D^nSlp ^ . . prophecy *J* ^
mckle 7 . . oath y J
handful }&'n 8 • • council t •• n
mdfulls D^Sn 9 • • hinge Y £3
*- : t
igers, toes 10 .. an order ""p '
il p!l2¥ 11 •• t0 cast *V X'"1
ills DÎSy 12.. a miracle Y
man's breast Hjn 13 . . a handle *\1 J"»
ips y\p 14 . . a plague T fl**
east
VOCABULARY.
Continued.
ancle deep
buttocks navel
after part Tim* udder
foot
t loins
feet
mankind
backbone
handsome
beautiful *U$VrJ\§} scollops of fat
good looking n^lttTl^ wrinkles .
Httlp ^J?5 the bosom
a sensible man - v 7V3 the back
"~*~~>-/~**~**fJffyM 7$$ joint of thebackQ^gfflîn
beau a-la-mode J | T"
^-M^ W$ belly
Hp]**] inward parts a*
physiognomy <
pipN a leg
shadow t>JJ legs
shadow seen in n«D3 the thigh
the water
strong pjn thighs
fortitude PCM shin-bone
Knowledge fiJH knee
thought nntrnft
T T ~ . knees EOT
imagination tjj^j^ the hams TO?
thinking nwtf^K the heel
cogitation ancles
VOCABULARY. 66
Continued.
teeth frowardness ]TH**)tf
eye teeth or Tflfllbb fellowship P^«J
grinders
idem T • eyes '
gums C^^PI sunken eyes nij31fiJLD*3<R
palate Pllp'??? ffi perspiration rujsT
spittle tne mouth
slobber breath web
throat jl^J the voice
wind-pipe fi'l^njp singing
swallow, gullet W). VP cry'ms
t
the heart belching ■ ,
inside of the
heart
fat of the heart zfetTpM hie-«:o»gh pvip, psn&V
lungs sneezing
pipes of the p^nr'to
lungs
the stomach N3plflpS calves ofthe legsP^Tl »fflsj'l
paunch fillip Dpp ffreat toe pa
the bowels D*J^3 sole of the foot ^D.6]3
intestines D^Tf? tread of the foot ^^MP^
guts
flans: the nature o J£t3
flanks P^P3 natural heat *J^Jlp Din
tiver the tongue J1B^
skirt
67 VOCABULARY.
Continued
expiring m milt r*y$
dead death njano cauiofthew Tjynnftr
death
life's depar
ture t **T sweet bread
a corpse
a fallen car '"TO ' »^ gut fat f WOT
cass
instantdeath
uncommon fat
death
short lived D'SC "rap ffa11
r
catting off ms bi,e
**T
embalming
grief before fi^g spleen
burial
rending the Tlgfp themaw
garment
funeral fep^ womb
mourning fat ofthe entrails
VT
mourner /JSN thebIadder
shrouds bra!n or "arrow nia
coffin [TIN fa'Se coneeption
burial rrjfla bIood heat Din nirrn
a sepulchre ^ "riu
T T"
a grave Minis' testament
a vault an executor
113
a monument confession TP]
future world
VOCABULARY. 68
Men's Dress, 4c: Vai -OJ "ba ma?
Women's dress, ornaments, Src rrpiinrn nsrx rbaio
woven eternal life C'rntt D^n
a weaver'sbeam 1131b resurrection
web judgment
spindle account
distaff GARMENTS DH33
spun TWf? cloathin&
twisted ITgip apparel
a warp *J"\j»' raiment 133
a woof JJ*|jJ/ change of t 4 -: t • -:
• T raiment
flax, linen PICK'S loose ra'~
T: ' ment
■ilk a garment
fine linen V13 valuable
I clothes
clean clothed ^pj 133 wardrobes DW3
fine flax nipnfr s£ehJdor
wool ■jjp^ dressing
woollen cloth "133 undressing
linen cloth D^3 133 disg™e
calico or cotton J£[3 "lfi^ 13s3 torn c'othes
camblet D^lftX 133 old raSs warp
canvas or hem- D133D 133 worn out
pen cloth L clothes
coarse cloth /SB' 133 Dare footed
a veil !"lS*t3J? naked, bare TO mm?
SjtD!tyib a weaver 3^
close fit
69 VOCABULARY.
Continued.
velvet
a mixture of l$0y& flaP or the hem f D^1B' HSE'
wool and flax • ot a garment /
a hat
a wig
T T a piece of cloth i " 'i '> •
a turban
mitres n|J?5J5 êr's marksp^n JlTO
a shirt plÎl a curtain pfq
a collar
a tunic njiro siik clothes tfDsnfe
a waistcoat nnnfttshabo scarlet or
J ' crimson
lining IfeT] 71530 embroiderer
a coat B^D^tt embroideress
ties D^j? a fuller
buttons D'^pj!? » scowerer D313
loops JTfjW?
T \ a sempstress
an hairy gar t#? to* thread tain
ment
a cloak TTl hair cloth
a robe ^WJj thread lace 7*n?
a loose mantle ^*l3fl tassels
small clothes D?D33& fringes
trowsers
wrapper PRTTp a line
gloves
a train Sfflp silk garment
>• « ft***'* " /
70
vocabulARY..
Continued.
a purse b': a scarf r:

a money bag to in a shawl ba"p
bundle of "Y a pelisse sp?
money ..
pockets Epg morning gown *::Pis
pocket handker- "TB a bonnet b):N
chief . .
a tooth pick £y "P" a girdle nun
a ring ny:9 a belt "IN
a seal Emin a sash n!?
a watch or clock nyrry: shoes
b'y,
weights of a
clock
nya-bp:p
#. 4x4
upper leather NI):
money nylp sole of the shoe s:"A
wealth. |bp shoe latchet by Trig
coin "by" strap of the shoe my:"
current coin ny:pp ": of the ban
silver *:: shoe buckles
by: nin:
gold in! sandals
b'T'.
fine gold ?? slippers ni'P's
sovereigns b': indian cane
"m:
a croWn in: a. stick Spe
half a crown "n: wn a wand "pin
WOMAN . . nys a walking staff T#p
female "Spy enth a.
ly:
prostitute - FP3) a rod or baton b:
harlot n: spectacles Eyrm:
71 WOCABULARY,
Continued.
hoop rings b'''y comely "N'in n
bracelets t"py handsome "N'in n
necklaces Epy beautiful eye !y.n
jewelled neck b'n" lovely n:
laces
lovely jewels B'ri Ornament -
polished gems b'): white paint F'
gems
b's'." for the face U byp" pr:
pearls n": finery by:
fine mantles. b" bows - E":
veils b'P'y: capshoods n!"
gold cord three nis: ribband N:
threads
gold cords npm head-dresses NE'.
a chain bracelet "y:N gold chains nix:
a locket }}}}: braided B'n':
tiaras Ep: plaited t"nt
moon ornaments bying needles t"pr
sweet powder net: pins nry
tinkling orna by curly lock r:
ment
tinkling orna D'by lock of hair y
mentS
a hood mop a comb p:
embroidered "p" th: head ornament
v'N' "
dress
folding gar
ments ne:y: 'hese bin?"
rollers n:y" nose rings D'p
crisping pins b't." ear rings by'r
WOCABULARY, 72
Of buildings, houses, wn-rm n'an pann -
and their materials. t!">U/23"

a wine vault !" !"' looking glasses b's
public house ": n' towels ninepp
lodging house n: ": sheets b')"p
an inn !'; well set hair bane
winter house "n In' aprons b"Ap
a summer house p'n n": mask E'P "rip
court of justice "y" n' a fan nip
councilchamber my: na to fold clothes t": *EP
magistrates !" n'a clothes unsewed BT: TY:
chancery court D'En n'a torn clothes y: ":
library E"EE" n' old clothes !'"; a
custom house D: n'a a patch n:
store house Eps patches n' on
treasures B'. TEMPLE byn
treasury nings: In": a palace !" is
royal treasure b': r:p place Epp
workhouse "s: na house n:
house of cor- ": In', a court wn
...'" n\r modelofahouse n'ann'):
hops ni'r a new house vin n:
theatre his: '9 spacious house n!"pn'
amphitheatre N":RN a narrow house "Y n:
a bridge ": eating house 5:8: n":
"3 VOCABULARY,
Continued.
ground Vffip a fer^ boa*
stone pavementQ^J^ nSX'TiD a dungeon
a large room HJHTpfi prison house
last g *1§J£ a cel1
sand ^tjn sto«k«
gravel prison ward
T -
lime Y| * TE' Iock UP nouse
chalk 1*!?$^ slaughter-housep»n|l|35ri JV3
a stone J2[^ butchers' shops l^ljpJJH ]"V3s
hewn stone }"^JJ( jjjj^ hospital
mine ^V'?'^ a^mS 'lonse
clay npfTl heiSht Dill
thick clay ^",Ca5J2 lofty
mortar "IpD Drea^t^1 inn
mire depth
cement form of a house
dirt fiSfS front of a house
ilime »a<* of a house fiîl ^WSj
> building J^3 'a porch or entry
•i erection D«p painted house TJSM? IV3
ready 1 stuc«o hoMe TJIOftlVS
orepared a plaisterer
getting ready ("I^PlI or stuccorer
m base "133 • J3 a hall . iTTjg
Q
VOCABULARY. 74
Continued.
fir»t floor jTS}'**''! fflDj? a foundation *fiD?
middle floor Wf&N , .
* T ,: • " • foundations JT H1T©*
garret p*<$ Rg^ \ HVB'N
dwelling marble t5Ê'
habitation rows of stone nV5*l£3
settlement flfi > flj^ , fi^ brick Pip?
dwelling places fflJO bricks D^JJl'?
beams , Q^^D half brick HHN
rafters )T1D^ ' flWIp brick-kiln $1?
hand beams E^S^ smooth stones D*?^W
sticks FAblS 0Ter against
staves a wall T\ti\T\
planks wall of defence . *Vp
:lose covering partition 44 DJf^HJ)
boards E^J? a fence
thick planks hedSe PlJADfi
livers sorts of ftlE^T^ damaged wall J£|JH ^CTS
boards
1 door post )Tp repair pi?
ioor posts D*S*P a fissure p"|D
ffltry a crack "SJ"^)
mtries crevice TIM
1 cieling 5^ a hole I 3j!5J
>oards D't^'M a *ow "
WOCABULARY,
Continued.
a table boaro
picture galleryn: "In *:::
a divided room nyl, arithmetical tables
or parlour nin'
an attic set in order
PRs nape'.
a viranda a pavement
y: "Pri
a closet
y; flooring r"p"
Corner stone paving stone
"#. TNT
Corner
nNP pillars by phy
a Corner room columns
n)!'"; nilpR
an end room short pillars
nap pplit"py,
a recess
yapp pedestals brown by
side pillar hooks
T. p"y" "
side wing a socket
# #: ITN
a trough sockets
nown b's
a Toon
a water trough npg •rm
rooms
an open door Jnr, t".
a closed door
r;" large room -n",
a gate Wy { Ern":
door posts ninth a balcony N"p:8
a lintil a gallery
#p:/p "P:s
cross posts Inib' large court "ppng
a cool room
a littlegate "phin'y,
a threshold
#5 study chamber "p'n "In
outer chambo!
"Time counting house lia: rhy "T"
temons
n". dining room ":8, Tyn
Vocabul.A.R.Y. 76
Continued –
'himney r:'s hinges . Flyy
rated windows E'm straight hinges nine
rine vault * double hinges per
ranaries n":55 hollow 5th)
ens nry” tube
à
b,bn
averns nrip, empty p" ep"
ble (that is dug) nyrn *ity n"wpy
pit r" wooden pins nrial
ditch roa mils n"p?
deep hole ntry, n: a lock: "an",
ollows . b': a bar r"
muddy ditch "Erp a bolt ..." *P
"enches brm s * by:
iddén treasure |\ptop a key
les E's," a knocker p"p
parapet "Py: porters t"y".
wash house p" a ladder b:b.
bath mp" steps n":
bathing house ": n' stairs nibyo.
wash " ** nk"::" n": , i. b:w.
oap n": sides of a ladder
n:w.
steam place y: a window libri.
ridden thing "Exp a sky light *
| well "3"; lattices niwpty
77 fOCABULARY.
Of Household Furniture, Src. D*W?Bn n'Sfi ,(J3

bed posts
T i • Household
foot of the bed PlEjSPl Furniture
a hammock T§3 implements
a blanket nytfr a covering
a quilt HUD hangings
an upper Coverlid H1D3 a chest
a counterpane nypfi ark
sheet JTfcM'fcx .pip a Bo*
a carpel Cj'TS'lB' a trunk
tapestry L3'3tD presses, closets
tapestries
i
a mat rysVD5 raffling box
door-mat ySb a cupboard
foot-stool tilH a side board
T|TT i
curtain, curtains flljrr/lj^ a cistern
figure hangings D^Sf? font
holy veil n3113 a base
door curtain "?Jptt foundation
J1323
a veil \W) socket
n»
mirrors niNID a coverlid m«33 .DD3
looking glasses D^Vl a mattress
a reflector *X1"1 bolster
a speculum N^(5SP« pillows
paintings rVl*3fc'25 abed
YOCABOLARY. 78
Continued
porringers W"C£p Picture3 D**)!*^
•poons mouldings JVTfipJI
clasp knives D*y3E' E*4'3D 8 painted stone JYJt?/!? J38
butcher's knives 0*{Îti5 candlestick iTyi3£
» table knife H^^Nib a h8ht
table forks "llJ^Tlb a Slass ^P Wtyflji,
penknife htiVR a candle
•ait cellars |**n f ^
' ' T wax candle J ;
bowl, bowls D*pT$J , fop \ „
chair, chairs ' fflNM , Ng>Jj) f ^H1^..
a tallow candle 2 ) '
„ of colored silk Q^JS 7#» (. "HS 7$ »
„ of siik 'tifthp" n^ns
„ of spun silk "^pj ^ „ tongs D*nj5*?J)
„ of straw *£3 7$» snuffers fl3v!?
{"7$Np3 singeing
in easy chair NTjPlp a lanthorn D3B

i watch niy#n n«ib a table jriV^
i clock Jl^'ilN a square V^P
-n!?ip#& r<>und ^JKt
clock weights
fflyip roasting-jack Slîp
{
i bowl yv^ lay the cloth |n^'n IT^fl
i cup D13 a table cloth
basons ffl^X towels JHin^tP?}
;
19 VOCABULARY.
Continued.
a smoothing PITS hollow vessels
iron
bathing tab ^tDSXPN c,Jina bason
washing tab K»1I^ glass
squeezing Htp^p a cradle
water-closet ND^rrJVJ kneading
trough
a seat 5Bhi55 a 13016 board rn<?
a chamber atensi prVj? flasks
charcoal *J"inBi»D fj|) a flagon
sea coal D^riJl a pitcher
"feL/^ W abottle
bellowV^' ' wineskins
an oven TiDfl perfuming pan
a small oven water trough rises'
battery for pans &!T2 asieve
an earthen pan HT!p scowering
a watering pot Tp.TiH ruddle
a caldron "f!|*J rinsing
*
earthen vessels D^D"V3 wringing
a grater T!$? sponge amp
a mortar HpHft drying
a peltie broom
a backet or pail '^SJ a clothes-brush
nta
b$ NpSTjJ a razor
■ spice box ^
D^fiE'^ a sheathe
VOCABULARY. 80
Continued.
•mall fire wood Jt$3 oil bottle
dMt s . .
ashes
axe ^B'3
bottom of a pot mpj?!? ^ piates
pot lid nT!(5!1 ^D3 a ladle
boiling nClTl >m&3 a basket
bubbling |*55?30 a spit
scalding "T^D wheel of a spit
scum of a pot JIK^H gridiron n!?3pN
scum of liquors N»rflT a trivet
skimmings KJ^1N toasting rack N?Dl-#3!l3$*
a spade nn*! a warming pan
u
dresser V% .ft^b clippers or
- ' " ' ' : p.ncers
mills t*)")*l hammer
upper mill 23*) wooden platter
stone
nether mill fV]"i!"lJ*i 33*) a 8tew Pan
stone
piece of a mill Tl^S) a fricasee pan
grinding Jlffla fryin8: pan
strainer
a funnel "sjffl^B cooking vessel
a sink f^N kettle
-» -
a tap 2J*lJ53 a boiler
kench a deep boiler "nip
81 VOCABUiAD*.
Wild treess SfC.

Trees offood &;c. 01 Vattn •»»
willow ftjj'Tj? a Wilderness
weeping willow nîss adesert "Eflfi
gourd nKHift .en:in
coral, almug mj^s tfi&g a forest
acacia-bush n3D agrovesfor
• ' paganism
thorny bu9h
»
braniole |»>|^»yj an elm
T"
cypress •"IT*)!*! a waste
nettles aheath
mulberry tree Np? a tree
p
boxtree V?ti$*{ anoak pa
a prickly shrub J1*6S? cedair
briars
hyssop 2<|j^ shittim
' rnn .pp sittah tree
\bp >y$ myrtle
rarious
names of < .DOpia wild myrtle
thorns
•pltf »TTf3 pine tree
i hox tree
I wild fis tree

ball rush »25jl KJjte poplar tree
T:•
a tree ^r tree*
tree* ni37¥ ash
VOCABULART. * 82
Continueds
caking of figs
a pomegranate }HQ"!l fruit tree
pomegranates D^tsn gfeen tree l
olive tree IYT grafting j
olives Q*/V1 vine
shaking of the nt3*l3H Duncnof grapes
olives
a date tree T55ft ripe grape
dates onan . grapes
•~ = ripe r ^
a large date
green dates nvm êren or 8<mr
y , grapes
palm tree ^7!p tender vine
almonds
branches of J
apple nSft grapes < TTpSXP*^
apples d^rttsfi a noble vine
nut, nuts Wth >lh a sinSle grape
ehesnut }125iy sour or unriPe
chesnuts DWffi sraPe seed
pistachio nuts 2^{p| skin of grape
walnut tree ro$ raisin»
walnuts tma$ fig tree
pears Dm? fiss
peaches
apricots p{J'n§ dried figs
quinces D^^H currants
VOCABULARY-
Continued,
rm*e citron jiij^j
rotten fruit
cherries, mulberries D*JI1!1JT1
stalk ypw wbhjrtreiemul- Q^r^n
flowers jyyy red mulberries D^HN D'fiVl
blossoms D'OX? Plum8 Q^*T.^
bads D^D^S) Damascus plums D'^&J'b'l'H?
tree yeilding medlars
twice a year
a plant ^flgj J^Q sour fruit
a root *lp*y acarobes
trunk of a tree dwarf pears
flower pot adam's apple
humid n^Pl^ Prussian cher-
. " ries
r •D^Sy D^jy.
leaves cranberries
torn leaf
shadow, }y$ raspberries
shadows
»P|J|Jf gooseberries
branches *1^/!3X wild grapes
• T
variously /
expressed \ rnXJX blackberries
Vr-.'^X lopping {
W'TO kernels of f W
ffri># r^yi* fruit \
VOCABULARY. 84
Garden plants Stt
WifVn vine branches Jg^H vjfc
mandrakes
WftVXP thorny branches JHJD DH*Vf?
{
lilly nisp
arose
vineyard sonr fruits
wine-press
a tree >rr*EJ* china oranges
a walled garden Cjg*|j5 Seville orange
garden plat
green field Cj1bT Peel
watering can
a walk rind
diversion Jg^.j^.T^ sweet canes
pleasant JflBty^ suSar cane
delight JJfJJ sugar
a fence ■l"^!| fruit trees
"T
hedge T
orchard
a thorn
a cottage rl^D GARDEN
hat lodge nilSft a flowerbed
cucumber-bed
vintage season I^SH j&t a flower
pressing grapes 0*33^ ."^"tll a blossom
SCRIPTURAL PHRASBS.
Tegetabkt, lie, ,131 pro pi own OT»snn
ploughed 6eld tiWrfp kernel 113.^3
■own field ysyrrp melons dw&5n
ansown field p^!T!B' cucumbers DWB'p
• close nân^ jessamin jfyyQ J»£^
•orner of a field n'lETlN? gravestone j^H
gleaning ftj^ fallen, withered "P^ , ^Jjj
forgotten nniK' long cucumbers ffiJ1SS^fi
an estate or close growing . ^Pl?5
inheritance
husbandry mTny_:
{
meadows fallow land
mile-stone J3» ground
grass NgTJ bed
regetation Hfiy wheat sheaf
increase a plantation
herb j , a country hon . rva
new hay TVH granaries
nnithft heap fife*. "0 .70
gathered
p^Dti rolling heap
{
a rose |{J'1{J' mud heap
roses standing heap ,
narcissus DjTlJ * possession nptfi . rWflg
bosilicon ^3 a portion pj->fl , nj5*?D
apart WO • D?L?>
mint s -> m$M5 acre tojtj
H
" SCRIPTURAL FHBASKS. 86
Continued.
pot herbs r\1j5'V! eatable green
cauliflowers aVl5 proTender
red cabbage &Wl$yrO eatable herbs flHIN
cabbage stalk
kale DDI? reaP«»g TXfe
crab apples niySg threshing
carrots pîtj vintage
parsnips d^Vdw awildroM s
capers fpnj&p seed rft
radish py Pulse D^jni
horse radish Np&n bruised «o« nisi
onions kidney beans J^>p| Vls
eharvil târnn black » nyan Via
Spanish peas f p}!fi*(
eschalots
f*fl*35 .^Xh carvansas \ ÎplM
leeks
* 1 1*2^*13 conimon w** tpy$$
bearded leek
purslain
cress sun flower
lettuce TFflPi mustard VtTI
sathd KDH split peas JtHjl
{
endire ^nj^ apumkin tn£
spinach Dîy1? 'KfÔ » large pumkin njTO*
beet P'H'Tfl green pumkin i"!j?TV
r
■
87 ^ SCRIPTURAL PHRASES.
Continued.
flax \$p0 poppies
tow tVfl$) asparagus
linseed lâjTlJ sprew pnann .rci7!
evergreen pfilD fennel
green n'? millet robs
butterflower pTl* pennyroyal
dandelion pJTl aniseed
daisies D^ri/tSX rosemary
raspberries D^NS careway
callabash JTl*lp celery D373
cummin parsley
garlick laurel
asafoetida tVT\hv Potatoe nans matt
opium potatoes
camphor D^S3 wild potatoes tfn£3
nutmeg yams
spring water D^H Wt2 mushrooms
a well 713 fitches
mouth of the 7#3ri *S artichokes
well
walks ITD^n spikenard
TP
paths mmilN coriander seed
vineya^ road 773 juniper berry
poisonous fiTSTlfi hemp
weeds
•tripper T3J0 reed
&6>
SCRIPTURAL PHRAS :s:>.
Scriptural Phrases and Idioms Alphabetically Arranged.

a
I will teach you wisdom
I have built for myself a spa
cious house
0 my father! you are the guide
of my youth
1 looked, but there was no help
I should wish to know how he
will answer me
I will speak, that he may release
me
I will be your chief, or captain
I am to them a bye word
I will direct you the way you
ought to go
I will teach you with God's assis
tance
I am attentive to your argu
ments
Gird up your loins like a man
She is my sister
My friends, from whence came
After these things
I will tell you a riddle
I will shew ya my opinion
Where did you glean to day f
What countryman are youf
93 SCRIPTURAL PHRASES.
"
Speak, for your servant heareth Tayy: * *
Speak, for I wish do do you
justice TET, Exe": "
Let us, if you please, commune
in the Hebrew language "ylie' airly'ss;"
They have spoken of me with a
lying tongue * I'v' ps."
I have spoken, but you did not
hear blypy N5) r"
He does not account for his words
my N2 w"
I open my doors to the traveller ripps runs'; 'r'."
Discern, and see that it is wrong Nanyn', *" y:
Seek justice bp:p vil
I have kept his way "py is."
The wa I sent him has suc
ceede n"En'y'-g's T.
Fl
Did you indeed speak that
which was correct? "h" in pr; B's Eps:
See what they are about? *Evy "monsh's"
Have you observed the old cus
tom? * Eyn"
Do they not fear me? *"ns, n's."
Attend, and listen to my voice "p yogh wish
Pray look around "8" N) rip'".
I pray you tell me * NYT:
Tell me your name *::: *-num
Make known to me what I shall
do niyy; nt; y in
Bring out your son
*ns Nyim
'That is my name 'p: Nin
SCRIPTURAL PHRASSS- 94
He shall come and assist yon
Save us from his power
When I begin, I will finish
Silence, and I will speak *\sr\$ »;a$ vhm
Do you think it is justifiable?
I have been quiet some time
He flatters himself
Be a man
Be to me a servant
Amend your manners
Nurse this child for me
Do you know Mr. A 1
Shall I not seek rest for you f
Am I not good to thee f
Do you not know t
Hare you not heard ?
Does he not observe my ways ?
la it not yet a little while t
Have you not brought it on
yourself?
Behold now I am old
r|-T 7
I have not began to speak
Behold, it is written before me
Behold, we are relations
wis ^p^^vy»uari
Behold, you are fair my love
Hush! j on
SCRIPTURAL PHRASES.
May I not visit yon f
I have charged the watch
Oh save me !
th
Assemble all of ye, and hear SIJÎ C35^ W3j?ri
Listen, and attend to my speech
He has thrown me into the dirt *^Kpj^

Are you well t
Take heed, and be quiet, and
fear not
Throw him into the pit
The song you shall have
Gather yourselves together
Then will I be with you

As such I told you long ago
Therefore have 1 called you
Therefore have I seen you
That I might dwell there
And it came to pass in the
morning
And he was pleased 3> 3115 NT}
When he had done speaking
As he was expiring
And there was a constant rain
When they were on the road
When they arrived at the place
SCRIPTURAL PHRASIS M
And the boys grew up
And he lodged there
And he went his way
He also trod in the steps of his
father
And he went forth to meet him
And he departed in peace
And they both walked together
And they did eat, and they did
drink
So they did eat, and were well
satisfied
And they said one to another
And he also came among the
visitors
And it left off raining
And he turned here and there nh)T\2 |#j
And he fell upon their necks
And he refused to send them nrfoeb
He ran into the forest
And he made for them a feast
And he stood in the entrance
When he arose, they compli
mented
And he married
But they arose, and went away «nn nj?^5 tt1?*! 5l23p*i
on that night
And he arose, and departed
And he was vexed with them
And he pursued after them BIT!©** toTti
And he enquired after their
welfare
And he slept in that place mp0&
And he looked up
Then we will return to you
Now then do it
And there was a great cry in
the city
And his sister stood afar off pirna inins n*!n^
You are not justified in thi»

Thi3 we found in the road
Take this road
This is the day 1 expected him
This is what I spoke to you
about
1 am free from blame
The wicked plotteth against the
righteous pns&yghoo
Be strong and courageous

fWJ pin
Be strong and fear not
I have acknowledged my fault
to thee
1 have dreamt a dream
diWi -ri^rj
God forbid ! tha i should judge
you
Pray be not angry
I am innocent
Cease to he angry, and be not nan 3Tjf).f|»Sj spn
in a passion
They held their tongue, and
did not answer him mix VB-jftj*^
SCRIPTURAL PHRASES. 93
ietfer is the end of a thing, m^NTQ NVi$ 31t3

than the beginning
fou have spoken well
Jravity is better than laughter pinpto nys sits
I prefer friendship to wine l^H'rr'? ma
A good name is better than pre
cious ointment
[Yisdom is good with an inhe n^rjj dj? noon niib
ritance
They shall eat bread of adver \rh djb >*rc vrh to*
sity & drink water of oppression
May the Lord bless and prer
serve thee
Let him approach me T s. -.
I will not lay my hand upon D n;nn "?x nj
him
Your hands were not tied
We know him
Are you positive you will ac
company me?
You know the man came to de ^nhs^Nn-n^j$r
ceive you
May Go<l be with you •sppK D*nW *n;
May the Lord God be with us
May the Lord bless his people
May the Lord be with you
Wes have drank of his wine wnp 13"
Let him make ha^te, and finish T&$p n^npna?
his work
May the Lord shew you kind
ness
He shall make it up with me
Because you have rejected this njn nana 035x9$!
command
Let him answer it
I
They flattered him with their
mouths
I went forth to meet you
Let now a little water be fetched
I was panic-struck
God is greater than man
They made mouths at me
Kemain with him for a time
They have recompensed me evil
for good
The Lord will repay you
He has completed my order Dv>2'! J
There is hope for me
I have sufficient
May God grant you consolation
As we heard so we have seen

Have I eaten without paying for
itP
Surely we will return with you
For it pleases me (or, for I like
it)
For I fear the multitude.
Although you are angry with
mc, what can 1 say ?
For 1 am ready to halt
But he refused to turn aside
For the Lord is with you
For he knows my way
SCRHTURAL phrases. 100
Although I know you will be
the death of Die
Yea, this is an heinous offence
T•
For they did not speak well
For I am full of matter
For you have rejected m»
For you did call me
For he sent him away, and he
departed in peace
For ye have chosen me
All that you shall tell me I will
do
I have heen used to the com
pany of the sages
Go, and do what you please
All day and all night
Pay attention to all my words
All this is of no avail to me
A cage full of bird
What is your age ? (or, how old
are you ?)
Like a gentleman I will draw
near Him
Thus will I bless you, whilst
I live
Your hands are stained with
blood
As a friend, as a brother, I
have acted
Cut down the trees
As in former year
Like the hero Sampson
10> SCRIPTURAL PHRASES.
You shall not get married

You shall not give me any
thing
No one will perceive me
I will not he angry with them
inn xb
They will not rejoice any more
Do not associate with them
My words are not false (or 1
speak the truth)
Thy kindness never ceases
I did never see the like
njn? W3 bib
I did not call you
None arose like him
Yon did not allow me to embrace

my family
He was not satisfied

We do not know him bimxb
1 could not bear him on my
shoulder
He will neither do good or
harm
I cannot read (or, I am not is© »jjjfu
learned
They do not know the way
He has no delight in it
He will not be remembered
He could neither turn to the ^SOÎ MS' JVliM? 'TO* K
right or left .It.-
They shall not build K7
They shall not plant
w
They did not know what it was NliVnD I^T
It is not good to love your )-|NrQn^
enemies, and to hate your I • " • T-l -:
friends fyrto m
This thing is not good ^ tf*?
He is not able to deliver you D5J"IN> ^^HS SfiV
1 did not stir out of doors PUTS NJfN tw
I will not offend again Î^HK N*!
Not I ^
I am no longer fit for any thing 1)]} b^HH ifo
I shall not rest till I am paid 'J-lQ^ Q$ *3 Pl^HX N1?
I shall not die TttiStt itb
I have not wilfully done this J^T WKty
According to what I shall »Mg flfcgj tgf^
command you >T i '' "l
Be not faint-hearted Sp» 7fc$ tJ33?
Would you had obeyed my TTCJO'? tO^pi"!
orders T " : ^ : |.
IVe will not come again to you 'Tty
It is not he KIM N1?
Had not the Lord been with us ** ^x1^
Leave me ^yjjj ^
Get out ofmy sight (or, begone) \^3$
Goandtejl ^ ^
Go and fetch it to me ^
Go now, and inquire after the s , J^s . _ " L
welfare of yourWhers ^ D1 *P ^ ^ f
Go in peace 017^7 1J1? « 0PB^
Go my daughter
Come my friend let us go into rrjfti km nn
the field
Go if you please to my place
Come and let us ascend the hill ^HH ^ Pl^l ^D*?
Come let us sing _ JTlJIJ 13*?
«irely*you ought to know wla* ng^^N fig JHCl HflX
your servant can do
Surely they have sworn falsely

Why didst thou flee away?
secretly
Why have you left the man ?
Why do we fast ?
Why do you stand in the street?
Why do you cry ?
Why will you go with me?
Why do you weep ?
Why do you eat ?
Why have you deceived me ?
Why have you displeased me?
Why do you ask me P
'yiiy did you send him this t
Why did you complain to me ? 0*10 nj>$
Why did you grieve?
That they might see and know
That it might be well with you
Learn to do well
Prom small to great lg[ Jlfij^?
Whose damsel is this ? fiStf!
Let every man gather his food l^tf ^ ^j?
In vain I punish your children 0^3 fitf Klj^
He has refused instruction

They have refused to return
Whence came they to you 9
From whence do you come ?
He had nothing in his hand
They came from a far country
unto me
Why did I come, when no one
is here ?
Why is your coat dyed red ?
Wherefore do you look so sad
to day ?
What ails you?
Why do you quarrel with me ?
What shall I give you ?
What did those men say (or,
what would they ? )
What have they seen in your
house ?
What have you seen ? T ' T T
What was it he told you ?
How went the matter ? T T- TT
What have you -done ?
What have I done to you.
How dreadful is this place!
105 SCRIP"I* RAL PHRASHS.
What form is he of ?
?"sh no
What will he say to me? ** "ps no
How can man be justified?
vespren:
How have you advised, not
having wisdom ? *"p:s:::::
What will you give me? * Amn:
What shall we say? ?"pN: ".
What voice have you heard? *::::pme
What have you found? ?"Nypn:
What shall I do here ? ? "a brib
How shall I save this?
*n \v, no
What have you done unto us? * "Eynsin:
What is your purpose here?
ins: n,
What religion are you?
"Bwn:
What is your name *
; : no
What did he speak? "T":
What did he say?
** ".
How have you assisted, not
having the power ? 'n'r', by no
Go quickly up to my father
asks:
What countryman are you?
* Ty isn:
What advantage will it be to
you? *:::p: no
£
What profit shall I g
gain by
y m
my
"risprobys ris
What did he take from the
'n' Ton:
What shall I answer thee;
*:::g's:
What will he tell me?
***".
SCRIPTURAL PHRASES 106
What will the mesengers
answer ?
Why do you rejoice in mischief?
They have not received instruc
tion
They are wet with the heavy
rain
To morrow you and your family
shall be with me
Who shall go up ?
Who has heard the like ?
Who has seen the like ?
Who told you? ? Tan
Who will dispute with me ?
Who! where is my accuser?
Who will condemn me?
Who has done this?
Who required this from you ?
Why did you hearken unto me ?
Who are you?
TT ^ T - ^
Whom shall I bring up before
you ?
Who knows where I can find
him?
Who can turn him ?
How would he make his escape ? t ma: unj »p
What man is like a king ?
Do you know what to speak?
Who knows the meaning of
this word ?
Who shall I send j or who will
go for us ?
107 scutpfrrJttiL ^rikisis.
Who will'ttlMil it ? s F mix "ttp *a
Wlro among ye, will attend to ? J-|^T 1 *":" 'T
this?
Who is the wise man that can fiNTTlK P^l D^ttD t^XP!
explain this? '• rT v
Who would not Be afraid of
thee?
They will hot tremble at me ^nn *6
We are from Spain unisTispa
We hare found water •r T T
1 have found a ransom
We have found it in the forest
fields
I have not kept back any of his tty nip
commands
From afar I lave heard of thee fj#j# ''iwq pnrp
You have searched or examined
all my furniture
Let j ustice be our choice
3
Let us rejoice and be merry
We grope about like blind
We may know between us what
is good
I am undone
There is no hope
l"he bellows are burnt ns» "in:
Hold out your hand ■$frt m ru»
They have planted gardens, and pnan^^nwytpi
have eaten of the fruit
I have left mine inheritance
Break up your fallow ground
I am weary and broken down
SCRIPTURAL PHRASES 108
I am tired of carrying
We have found treason among
the people
They have departed from
thence
I am in pain, and am brought
down very low
We will go up at noon
We will come forward (meet, HP, rrjeja
or, hold together)
I am so troubled that I am
unable to speak
It happened by chance
We shall see
Women knead dough to make DO^JTI^ pS| ME^ tTfc^
bread
They mar my path • T •^ ;T
They have closely surrounded

me
They surrounded me like bees map Tap
Turn aside from following nie
Turn from me
Get out of the way
Speak, justify thyself
pixn nnx nsp
Clear away the stone
He covereth his face with a mask
(or, he conceals his face)
They have crossed the ferry

He crossed the river
How long will ye refuse ?
Until when ?
109 SCRIPTURAL PHBASiS.
How long will you be drunken ?
While you are thinking what to
say
How long shall I cry ?
He who granteth peace
I have left my house
Therefore his presence confuses
me
I will be Arm on my guard
Hoist the flag on the tower
Note it in a book
For whom shall I speak?
For why do we sit still?
Go towards London
t t: t
Who is the object of your mirth?
4t whomdo you make a mouth ?
I stood up, but you did not
regard me
Stand up and behave .yourself
Do as you say igrvn *»#i$3 rifes,
Do with him as you please
Shew us kindness ion W&, rtiwj
Make an agreement with me by
a present
You have done this kindness
I have done according to thy
order
Now I know
Now you have acted fosolisnly
Now may the Lord shew you
kindness and truth
K
ow go and write on the desk r", by man: "any

ow give pledges to my master 'yū'sayn inly
E.
Iere will I remain :'N Fis
They were frightened without
CauSe
Tripm, 8% "ns in:
My mouth is full of arguments nin; ins' "
have cleared the house nian n'
Lest they should declare against
uS
"y" is
A man is rewarded according
to his work
|bb'v, E.Is bye
Once I went a journey Ta'o'n'rinns Eye
Open your eyes and see "ş" Tympa
Open the gates E"y inn."
Persuade your husband it's HR
Open thine hand Trns nnah runs
Get out from thence n: NY

Leave this place "in bip" ps:
Go now forth and meet him
ins: N, NY
Righteous (or just) art thou "ps prix
My zeal has consumed me 'n' 'nups
Little I am, therefore are we n") is hyy
despised
I am young, but ye are old BEs) b%: 'N Ty;
I am very sorry (or I am in
great trouble)
"R" '' is
111 SCRIPTURAL PEIRASE8.
Care and trouble have found

me *\pps: my
This place is too confined for
me Ep?" **
I will hearken to reason
yov's "p bip
The people's voice (are heard)
in the streets nanna new by
Arise in assisting me
'n'ya "p
I have patiently waited for my * 'n'p rip
master
Sanctify him for the war
n: "w serp
Peace was expected, but no good
came it is Ex: "p
Take thy son
"a ns rip
Get up, and we will go by night
We trust to him
#any):
#*
Now accept my present
": riss, rip
Call him to dinner
I called but none answered
Er' bosn; sp
"Wyrs) ris:
Draw near and listen to this
ns why 's 'a'
Read this if you please
"* *
I have called you
Tris'
Produce your cause
B:" ap
I have called your name
**:
My relations stand aloof from
Ine "P", a'
I have cried to you to save me
wwn Tris'
". .
see it hails J. cow. "...v.a.a.d. T]: " "N']
See it rains a ****** * * t?'" T. ns.
2.
scriptural phrases. 12
See it snows - * "&"

Look! all his friends abase him
"ns, bons'
Look now! I am dwelling in a
house of cedar
n': * * * *
Er's
Look after the welfare of thy
brethren -
Tr's E"ty-nN FIN"
* -: : * •- :
Seenotyou indeed, and do you

perceive
3y. In bs) "N" "N."
r--- - - : , T :
Come down to me - * TT
Mymatter
heart is inditing a good
* - -'5":"
T r
": tyr."
→ • - r
Wash and be clean *rn *::In

Plead my cause ''' ns n:"
ty
Ask of me, and I will grant nyms "p 5sty
Ask
tellyour
you father, and he will T: Taş bsw
..
: ...-: t
Direct your eyes towards hea- t:'''y bin, "sty

s:: my right hand typ? Sty
Keep every man his place "inh ths sity
Sit you down here Niš E: *::::
Return to thy native country
Trias "s's aw
'''
Return, why will you ith
”y 'm "p, aw - - -
: * **** *:y', " :

Return after your sister-in-law inna, "ns "w
R: every
Ule
man what's his
*
in: ves; :
T : • - -
Run-about the streets #ina :ple

SCRIPTURAL PHRASES.
Shall he who despises justice
rule ?
Get dinner ready tufa wfr
Put it here
Thy reward is great
I have fulfilled my promises
How does my grandfather do ?
I will send and fetch you from
thence
How do you do?
He shall make it up wiih me
We have not forgotten your
name
Hearken to me ye tyrants
Hear my word
Attend to me b. n$?#
Listen to my speech if you
please
I have lieard thy report
Do you indeed hear, and not
understand ?
We understand
Obey my voice
There the upright man might
dispute with him
They cried there, but none
answered
Have I made gold my trust?
Your lips utter a falsehood
m
Turn to the right hand 'pNP,
*.
Tell your employers B:"R5shipsm

Ye seek but you will not
them Essons? Expan
The sleep has left me 'y: 'ny Tim
You are cruel to me
****
Instead of copper, I will bring 3:18:18 nym: ar:
gold
She shall nurse the child for you "rns: pin
The beast of the field honor me
rift nir 'yūsh
You will find a nest psymm
He has found occasions against
me
Nyh' 'yn!Num
Give me a place in one of the
country towns
"ynnsamp,'
Give ye to her # "h
They abhor me 'Byrn
Will you disannul my judg
ment P
? pp:/p +5
Will you condemn me in order
to clear yourself?
'primp; ythm
You pursue my soul to the wind " " ":
You will break the bottle P: "aft
%2 ove/- *~~ * 7. * ... :- .• . *

*
4% * *...) **
D'rn-)
DIALOGUES.
DIALOGUE I.
* D'v's "w innu la (N) "S)
A Dialogue between two Persons
Good day sir, or how do you do "Is blow
I am your servant ''' Tay
How are you? Prma: ny: bibwn
I am very well thank God bly *: n:rin 5
I am heartly glad to hear it "T": b: ": nog

Where are you going sir? p b'In 'Tis "B " '
I : £ing to see Mr. * ": n":;

In what street does he live? Pia:''Nin "z's pig': rips
*** * * ~ (. . ;-
In new street % £e #4 ×- & A.
*
-
A.
trim, pic' -
de-t- *** -
What trade is he? 5 e4. - **...*** P "Wyp #15

He is a silversmith c/ > f ou." : &!" ":
I know him 4.*...*

*** ****
* * *-
**: , , , , visins by:
He is an honest man # *: %. Nimb',5N wis
Make my compliments to him > 5'' bibly "No 19 !"
-* A 2 1 & 2", -2. C.,
I will 7- - - - ... .....J E \" "g': nk yś. !:
I thank you I'm unan's in
What is the news P - p ty in "p
I know of none ‘Ey", s"
Have you read the newspaper? 'E'gh Trin's :*):
* . . .. . * ~* *...*.*.*.*.* .*.*------------
* -
* * * 4-2 . .
. . . .
. * * * f
* , c. *.*.*.*.* £a/ * ** **
* * A.
* - - - -* **
DIALOGUES. 116
Yes, but it contains not much

IneWS
thin maps 5:8,12
what shall we do in the after
110on
PB'" ins' new imp
I shall take a walk of pleasure? welnir: * *
Whither, (or where?) ?"'
Through our town * "na
Will you go with me? ** *
My business will not permit me nay, mas'?" "sp E!'"
You will do me honor if you
will accompany me
'n' brun'", mas':
-
"y
Why so many compliments P *nh-na:nb: "'
I ask pardon * *n:
Is the weather fine or hazy P
"p's " ":
So-so between -
n: n pa
From what quarter is the wind? Fr": nity: Tg mys:
I do not know
"Fyl N,
It begins to rain n: brin Eg'."
I believe it hails
T'n Rin-n: Fyn',
The air is cold
"p "N,
I am very cold ***
It is yet winter "n" on my
The water freezes every night nb'n by B'pp.'"
will my friend then go? *T*n: 'Isny'Em
I have "a you, in where 1 ''n'' '''I''': 'ET',
am going
I will not detain you Tys s?
Farewell till I see you again n'N' 3'-' "y Libya '',
T}}
DIALOGUE II.
From whence came you, sir ?
From the market
What have you been doing ?
I have been receiving money im VhfQ t)D3 âp
Have you purchased any thing?
I have bought a few fish P
I am a lover offish
Will you do me the pleasure of
dining with me ?
I gladly accept your polite invi
tation
At what hour shall I come ? pqns niik rrgg
At three o'clock in the afternoon
An hour before afternoon
prayers
What shall we do before meals ?
I mean to go and gather fruit nrr J|9 m-iD Dip1?1?) s
out of my uncle's garden
What will you do with them?
I intend bringing them to you,
sir
But I also have purchased fruit
Two are better than one
How is your spouse ?
She is well
T T
Will you allow me to offer her
some presents in the name of my
wife
As you please, sir
I am going in the country to
morrow
-
lotALOGUES." II8
I should very much like to Toy n:ngin's

1:'', today EPhtty, Tyg' atyn's
Draw near to the table !'em bs 3' s
Take a cup of tea or coffee "PNP iN to by E|) nny

I will meal with you * b:R ''
Sit down sir "N. Sø
Tell me your name - : ": N: Try':
What will you please to have for n:8: b: *:yy ñp
your dinner, sir? -
? by
*** **, r*'sts".
Are you in good health, sir? n's lan 'p: 'Tis p
No sir, I am rather poorly "In bub 's 'Tis s?

what is this uproar, I am '8":'8"|| ||b: bip no
hearing? • * * * * -
PM5%
The people are shouting forjoy nnogym', !" bip N')
by:
What is the occasion of their *::ryp: "Ena
shouting ? -
The king is this instant passing nyl y: N: ":
: Innsby, 15% "m":::::::

Our Sovereign is just, and merciful, therefore the people love him:
: "Ry hy, nner
GRAMMAR
OF TELE,
HE BREW LANGUAGE.
LEsson 1.
Q. What do you mean by Hebrew Grammar P

A. Hebrew Grammar is the art of writing and speaking the
Hebrew Language correctly,
Q. How is Grammar divided?
A. Grammar is divided into four parts. 1. "WN Ortho
graphy; 2. D'by: Prosody; 3. "a"`, 'p. NI, Etymology and
4. I'v'." T: Syntax.
LESSON II,
Q. What is Orthography?
A. Orthography teaches the power of the letters, and the
division of syllables, words, and sentences. (See Spelling Book
Q. What is prosody?
A. Prosody teaches the tones and accents.
Q. What is Etymology?
A. Etymology is the history of words.
Q. What is Syntax?
A. Syntax is the disposing of words in their proper place in
a sentence.
Q. How many parts of speech are there?

A. Three; viz. E: a noun, W15 a verb, and n: d particle.
HEBREW GRAMMAR. 120
LESSON ill.
On the PARTs of SPEECH "3"| p:n

Q. What is a noun ?
A. It is the name of a thing.
Q. What is a verb P
A. A verb is that which betokeneth action or being.
Q. What is a particle?
A. A small word, (including the parts of speech found in
*ther languages.)
LESSON IV.
ON NoUNS ning
Q. What belong to nouns?
A. Number, gender, and case.
Q. How many kinds of nouns are there ?
A. Two; 1. Egy" E: a noun substantive; 2. "Nim" Egy
a noun adjective.
Q. What is a noun substantive P
A. A noun substantive is the name of any substance or thing;
a8 w"N man, "p"a beast, #y fowl, "fish, n' house, &c.
Things also we cannot see but only have an idea of, are sub
stantives; as n"pyjoy, Tysorrow, nyl eternity, &c.
Q. How many sorts of nown substantives are there?
A. Two: viz.: 1. p \, by E% substantive proper; 2.
#23 EXy E!!! substantive common.
& What is a substantive proper?
A. A substantive proper is the proper name of men, places,
&c. as T. David, Eng: Isaac 5" Rachael. By,"
Jerusalem, D.5%, Shechem, &e. are substantives proper; for
Tr: David, and n Rachel is not the name of every man or
woman, nor is
name of every city.
b':h' *
Jerusalem and b:
• *
Shechèm the
Q. What is a substantive common?

HEBREW GRAMMAR.
-
A. A substantive common is the name of every thing" of thi
same sort, kind, and quality; thus, ^^man, flB'K woman
I"!}I spirit, *VJJ city, D)J5 water, &c. for a man is called a man
be he short or tall ; a spirit a spirit, be it good or bad ; a city j
city, be it small or large; and water is water, be it salt 01
fresh.
lesson v.
Adjectives. T^lfli! Et^
Q. What is a noun adjective ?

A. A noun adjective expresses the quality of the substantive,
and agrees with the noun in number and gender, and usually
comes after the substantive, as ^jtO <* good man, T\$ti
naiD <* good woman, DyiD'fi) evil days, rVDVTK. Tlffi}
long nights, Sic. thus, you see, good, evil, long, are adjectives ;
and man, woman, days, nights; are substantives.
LESSON VI.
On Comparison of Adjectives. JViJ^H DPI*
Q. What do you mean by comparison of adjectives ?
A, It is the varying of the adjective by degrees.
Q. What adjectives admit of comparison ?
A. Those whose signification increase or diminish.
Q. How many degrees of comparison are there ?
A. Three; *fl|PPj DPPpositive, T-pPlH DIT comparative, and
nxSsnn
t t : ~ " DPP superlative.
Q. What is the positive degree ?
A. The positive degree is absolute without any increase or
diminution, as QXJJ strong.
Q. What is the comparative degree ?
A. The comparative degree increaseth or diminisheth its
positive signification, and is formed, first by J) prefixed to a
noun or pronoun preceded- by a verb in the same sentence ; at
Gen. xxvi. 16, 13QD fip¥J? *3 "For thou art stronger than
HEBREW GRAMMAR. 122
re.” Second by the adverb "Rp very much; as Gen. xxiv. 25.
"No *"N-ns Tha 'm and the Eternal has blessed my
master very much.” -
Q. What is the superlative degree?

A. The superlative degree increaseth or diminisheth the
signification of its positive to the utmost degree, and is formed
first by prefixing to a substantive, preceded by an adjective, as
E"a: Egy." the strongest amongst the valiant; and Cant.
vi. 1.b'g': #" “The fairest among the women.” Second, by
the repetition of is: as Gen. xv.11. 2. "Niya in's ña"N)
"Rb “And I will multiply thee to the greatest number.” "
LESSON VII,
NUMBER. "pp Ety

Q. What is number?
A. Number is the distinction of one or two from many.
Q. How many numbers are there?
A. Three; "I'm singular,t'): 'a dual, and D''') plural,
Q. How is the singular number known?
A. The singular number speaketh of but one as Ej" a day.
Q. How is the dual number known P
A. The dual number speaketh of two, and is formed by adding
"—to the singular, asp'p' two days.
Q. How is the ply al number known?
A. The plural number speaketh of more than one or two, and
s formed by adding D'—to the singular, as b'p. days.
LESSON, VIII.
GENDERs. typ
Q: What is gender?
A. Gender generally means the difference of nouns according
o their sex, but in Hebrew they are known by their termination.
Q. How many genders are there?
123 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
A. Two, Masculine, and PDM Feminine.
TT t|".
Q. What is the form of the masculine ?
A. The masculine may end in any letter but ft—or ft.
Q. What is the form of the feminine ?
A. The feminine is formed by adding JT^preceded by (T) to
the masculine, as JJ^X a man, PISJ^ o, woman ; also nouns that
end with ft.;r or ft=r are feminine as ft2$aseat, ftf|{J'a fnt;
but, should the masculine end in*—the feminine is formed only
by the addition of ft as htbrew-man ft^^JJ hebrew-woman.
Q. What other words are feminine that follow not the above
rule?
A. All words -denoting females, as Q{£ a mother. Names of
countries, as *V|X Tyre. All names of the members of the body
as JJK ear ; but the names of men, their occupations, nations,
mountains, rivers, are masculine.
Q. Are there any other distinctions according to their genders ?
A. Yes ; first many words fluctuate in their gender, as
earth ; second, some are masculine or feminine according to
the context, as a camel; third, some have only one form
applied, without any distinction as Tjjy an ox ; either male 01
female.
Q. how is the feminine dual formed ?
A. By adding Q*— ; the termination ft is changed to ft at
fOB' a year> D'ft3^ tw0 years-
Q. How is the feminine plural formed ?
A. By the termination ftl as ftUJjj ye*n.
HSBRtfW GRAMMAR. 124
LESSON IX.
TABLE, I.
Example of a Noun and an Adjective according to their number

and gender.
Nouns. Adjectives.
Mas. Fern. Fern. Ma.
El* a day T\i$fo hundred
ftijyp two days D£\$6 two hundred|
days hundreds
LESSON X.
Cask hiWt}-
Q. What is case ?
A, The different terminations or endings of a noun but in
the Hebrew as in English they are made by particles prefixed.
Q. How many cases are there ?
A, Six singularly and plurally, viz. *1tJ^ ^jjfjfo nominative,
rWpgft OH: genitive, DIT dative. D)T
accusative, HX^jpI? DPI* vocative, and p^pH D£T ablative.
125 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
LESSON XI.
TABLE II.—Example of a Noun with Cases.
#:Singular.a king.
Plural.
Nom. b': - kings.
Gen. ' bp-by of a king. b:-by of kings.

Dat. T. 59 to a king. b', to kings.
Acc. *-ns a or the king.
C b':-n's the kings.
Voc. *" O or the king ! t": O or the kings
* from a king. b':25 from kings.

*: in or on a *}s: { inor on kings
Note.—The same particles are joined to nouns feminine.

LESSON XII.
ON THE ARTICLEs. "pipi v'B'

Q. What is an article? -
A. An article is a letter prefixed to nouns to denote their

signification, as ths." the man.
Q. How many articles are there?
A. Two; the whār) definite and 'n'b indefinite.
Q. Which is the definite article 9
A. T the, which in its true form is !" takes (-) and puts a
dagesh in the next letter to compensate for J.; before the
gutturalsy and N it takes (), as Ty: the city, ETN: the man;
before T and Tl it is regular, as winn the month, T "I the
walker; except when the guttural has () the (-) then
changes to () as B" the mountains.
Q. What is the indefinite article?
A. It is so called because it does not determine what particular
thing is meant, and in Nebrew is understood as ". a word.
w
HEBREW GRAMMAR. 126
LESSON XIII.
PersonAL PRONouns. E' },

Q. What is a pronoun?
A. A pronoun is a word applied instead of nouns to avoid
frequent repetitions of the same word.
Q. How many kinds of pronouns are there?
A. Five; viz. 1. *::1 ! E: *}} pos
*}}} personal; 2.
sessive; 3. B'p.'" B' 3 demonstrative; 4. #psp *}:
relative, and 5. s?styń D'EE interrogative.
Q: What are those pronouns called ?
A. Separable, and inseparable.
Q: What are the separable pronouns?
A. Pronouns which stand separate, and signify the nomi
native as 's I, &c.
Q. What are the inseparable pronouns?

A. Inseparable pronouns are pronominal affixes, which when
joined to verbs, adverbs and prepositions signify the accusative;
to the infinitive and participle; the nominative or accusative.
Q. How many persons have pronouns?
A, Five in each number; "is ''N I, l.c. s. "Th
"W2 the person who speaks; f. RN m. mns thou, 2. s
‘rū) the person spoken to; f. N' m. Nin- he, she, 3. s.
"rip) the person spoken of; * "My lin's we, i. e. p.
Yly: brain BFN ye, 2. p.
many who speak; £8m.
brû many spoken to; f. | m. By they, 3. p. D'El
many persons spoken of
Q. What belongs to pronouns?
A. Number, person, gender, and case.
LESSON XIV.
PossEssIVE PRoNoUNs. |'') ''')

Q. What are the possessive pronouns?
HEBREW GRAMMAR.
A. Affixes joined to nouns, viz, "—"-- . s. c. my, mine,

":-T-I-T-2 s. m. thy, thune, *—#-i-T-2. s-f thy,
thine, Wi-)--P-3s. m. his, F-n'-3.s.f, her, hers, $5–
* 1. p. c. our, our. E2-E:-3p.m. your, yours, |--|--
2. p. f.your, yours, 16-Br-B-E,'—their thers, !"-in-f
LESSON, XV.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONoUNs. Espin D''')
Q. What is a demonstrative pronoun?

A A demonstrative pronoun particularly points out the sub
ject to which it relates.
Q. Which are the demonstrative pronouns?
A. The following:
TABLE III.
DEMoNsTRATIVE PRONoUNs.
LESSON XVI.
n! n: Masculine This That

singular 4 ns " n \'n Feinine This That
3) 15" common This That
Plural "N n°N Common These Those
RELATIVE PRONoUNS. #p *}:

Q. What is a relative pronoun?
A. A relaiive pronoun is that which relates or answers to a
word or sentence that goes before.
Q. Which are the relative pronouns?
A. "ty' who, that, which, what. common to both number
and gender, and the abbreviated form prefixed g-g-g
HEBREW GRAMMAR. 128
LESSON XVII.
INTERRoGATIVE PRONoUNs "styń b'):

Q. What is an interrogative pronoun?
A. An interrogative pronoun is that small word which is
used to ask a question.
Q. Which are the interrogative pronouns ?
A. The interrogative pronouns are "—"p—mp—no who,
what, why, &c.
Q. How are they used ?
A. Its general vowel is (-) as 12: Flp what is his name?
when coming before words beginning with either of the
letters " " N. it has (r) as WN "p what are we ? !"N, n:
what of the earth? - " ": in what manner have they in
creased ? before T and y it has (2) as rvey "p what hast
thou done? 'n Th what is our life? but, if before a verb
or pronoun of the second or third person, it takes () and the
" is changed to as RN "p who art thou? N'" * who is he *
17 "A" p who has told it to him?
LESSON XVIII.
DECLENSION OF THE PRONOUNs.
Q. What is meant by "El declension?

A. Declension is the variation of a word?
Q. How are the pronouns declined ?
A. Thus -
IV.-Se TABLE
parabl
Pronoun
signifyi
Nominat nges
the
ive.
p.f.
.p.m.3.
p.f.
2.
m.
1.
3.
p.
s..f.
c. #
m.
2.
m.
i.s.
2.
f.
s.S.
e.
e. !"
|EN
E"
*
\n's
N'"
"RN
RN
2'-'
N}T8
they
she
ye
he
We
thouI
LESSON
XIX.
InsepPronoun
arabl tose
when
affixed
Nouns
signify
the
Posses.
The
followi ng
are
joined
Nouns
Singulato
r,
!"—l-
ty—b
:- +
12-
13-
F-
"---
?-T- I-
n:-
-
their
her
your
thy
his
Out
thy
my
TABLE
V.—Aff ixes
to
Nouns
plural.
"=
E:-
"-
b:-
*-
:-
T"+
+ -
their
their
her
your
his
thy
Our
my
LESSON
XX.
TABLE
VI.—T
Examplhe
"wof
Noun
Masculine
Singula
Song.aear
riv
by
bw
by
"w
myv
Try
"w
their
song
your
our
song
her
his
song
thyson
thy
my
songg
my
thy
his
her
our
your
years
their my
thy
his
her
our
your
songs
their
my
thy
his
her
our
your
year
their
Troy
Trix'
writy
'now
synov
now
E5
prix
Brnow
Frnow c.
1.
2.
m.
f.
s.
3.
p.
'n'
Iny
in:
ny
"my
un:
bany
2ny
by
#y any
b:"w
p"w
"w
nk',
Va
NTABLE
a
of
Singular
Feminine
yI ear.
Ioun
.—Example
VI oun
NTABLE
a
of
Songs.
E'":
Plural,
Masculine
—Example
n:
Iyears.
NTABLE
a
of
Plural,
Feminine
X.oun
—Example
XXI.
LESSSON
Adverbs.
Prepositions
Ablative.
with
and
Dat.
Acc-
Gen.
by
*tbo
b's
in
with
nN
from
nN.
h
of
unto
me
*
me.
*
*
*1.*
# * : * * * * * | * * * *
's
*
*the
is##:
the
*g,
*,
*f,
"s
him
Ins
'p
#ym.8.a
Inis
#
's
HEN
"'p
m:
mm's
: h3.7fe
her
*
*
*
*us1.*
b:bs
D:RN
youm...2|
B:”
B:
E:ns
b:
's
"you
"'
1:
1:
Ens
:
:#*
en's
m.*8".
ERs
them
Emp
En;
this
Enby
E.;
"them
'p
"a
)is
":f.3.
them
Ints
'N
interrogative,
rest
"p,
the
from
distinguish
andito
3,
tc.;
£
p.
in
ablative
adds
The
Note—First. 1.
compensate #:
guttural:
before
coming |b
in
takes£ao £
('')
only
add
t3.
and
Before
from.m.
f.
N'T
compensates
shew
omitted
therefore
agesh
Second.
dageshhe,
pl.
its
to
in:
The c.
for
s.3
in
1.
m.
is
$38,
we,
derivation
from
*
LEssON
RXIII,
n:
CoNsTRUCTION,
of
STATE
THE
OF
meant
this?
Whatby
Q.is
account
some
undergoofa
vowels
on
their
change
genitively,
and
relation
the
shew
To
A. num
08t
Table.
–
following
the
construction.
See
gender,
and
Example.
this
one
the
in
follow
form
XI—All
Nouns
TABLE of
Masculine.
Singular.
Plural.
Affix.
Affix.
Gen.
Nom.
-
T.
word
"Ia|
"
"5"
"Y"
b"
'Tis
"N
by18
lord.
fa
—b's
-—w "P:
book.
"$5a
"Ep
.:
-
'a's
'a's
b's
'a's
5''N
enemy.
an
* vil:
'g''
v"p
holy
vip
wrip
b'v'.
*::::
b':
king.a|
*:::
:
":
-
♦Cinep
trap
TO
man?
Plural.
rnnep
nmn
W8 "in*.
u
nnn nna n»3
an?
Singular,
la-. Up. Bor o-. year tthse jthtice.

-ife- family. -ar-
dryne--. ble-sing -riting.
T" 1i▼ T- * r-ra- »

— rrr rrr-»
»—-
»— 5
» «
hEBREW GRAMMAR. I34
* LESSON XXIV.
Q What changes do the termination of nouns undergo when

* 3ronstruction ?
A. The singular by changing the long vowels into short

ones, as from 1 to "" as "n" the hand of the Eternal” the
*urals and duals by erasing the E. final, and changing () to
'", as b'N') "Ep the books of the Prophets, "n 'y “ the
eyes of the Eternal.”
The feminine termination" is changed toN, as #" n:
the year of the King; but nouns that are derived from verbs
ending in Tir when in construction the () is changed to (-),
aS s" NIJIP the camp of Israel.
DESSON. XXV.
OF THE CollecTiv E Nouns. 'ap Ety

Q. What are collective nouns?
A. They are so called because they refer separately and singly
to persons or things that make up a number.
Q. How are they used ?
First, to express a quantity—weight-measure-or money,
also certain number of days, months, years, &c. as ymity Q
week, or seven days; v. In a month, or four weeks, n: Q.
year, on twelve months &c.
Second, to denote a certain portion of a people or thing, and are
distinguished first by the word %, aS By: b: “all the people.”
Third by the verbal noun, as rwin'? *::: two tables, &c. The
numeral noun being in construction indicates the table to have
been alike; but when the numeral noun is absolute as
n°5"> D']: “the two cherubim” means the one resembled a
male and the other a female; also Gen. xviii. 4, nzyży min)
5%]N ” and behold three men” i.e. each on a different mission.
See #2"-, Jarchi.
135 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
Nouns of this form admit of affixef, see Num. xii. 4,
125^57^ " get you out all three of you." Ssc.
LESSON XXVI.
Of the Verbs. ^J^3
Q. How is the verb in Hebrew generally considered ?
A. It is the most important part of speech in the language,
and is the root of the others.
Q. How many sorts of verbs are there ?
A. Three ; 1. tf£V ^3 active or transitive; 2. Ifity
the neuter or intransitive; and 3. ^[jjp passive.
Q. What is an active or transitive verb ?
A. An active or transitive verb is so called because the action
parses over to some object, as teaches him.
Q. What is a neuter or intransitive verb ?
A. A neuter or intransitive verb signifies the state or being,
and sometimes the action of a person or thing, but has no
noun after it to denote the subject of the action ; as MJOB^J '
sleep, flVli$ / am *J5JBJ J am old.
Q. What is a passive verb ?
A. A passive verb denotes suffering, and necessarily implies
an object called upon, as pH^S he had been taught by
Isaac. Isaac is the agent, and had been taught the passive
verb, so called because the nom. case he is, is the psssive sub
ject, or that which receives the action.
LESSON XXVII.
Of the division of the Verbs.
Q. How are the verbs divided ?
A. Into three divisions; viz. 1. Wtthtfperfect or regular 1 2.
DTIJ quiescent ; and 3. Q^pH defective.
Q. What is a regular verb ?
A. Such verbs as retain the three letters of the root through
out the whole conjugations, &c.
*
HEBREW GRAMMAR. 136

Q. What is a quiescent verb P -
A. Such verbs as have one or more of the mute letters

* | T N among the root.
Q. What is a defective verb P
A. Such verbs as lose one or more of their radical letters.
Q. How many things belong to verb P
A six 1-p}a conjugation,
tense, 4. "Pop number, 5.
2. "Venn's mood, 3.p.
*" *::person, and 6. 'pgender.
- LESSSON XXVIII.
ON Conjugations. D'J'. • * : *
Q- What do you mean by conjugation?

A. Conjugation is a varying of the same verb in order to
express its different mode of signification.
Q. How many conjugations are there?
A. Seven; three active, three passive, and one reflective.
Q What are their names?
A. l. 'p orbys, 2 by: 3.5Ve, 4 bye 5.5 yen.
6. by: and 7, bypn".
LESSON XXIX.
TABLE XII.—The signification of a Verb according to the

Conjugation from whence it is derived.
byprun by: byń bye bye by: %ya or bp

*@-rm =: :*::1 *(): "(...)" =3 -->
*nn " "::" " ": "', ',

Reflect. Pas. Act. Pas. . Act. Pas. Act.
he he was he he was he inhe was he

taught made caused intense- tensely taught learned
himself to learn to learn ly taught taught
Note—byann and by: by: are called dagesh conjugations,
because the second radical receives a dagesh, unless a guttural;
the rest are light conjugations. -
*
LESSON XXX.
OF MooDs. "Py: n:5N

Q. What is meant by a mood?
A. Mood signifies manner, or the varying of the verb to
express our intentions.
Q. How many moods are there?
A. Three; 1. ni'91: n\N indicative; 2. 'Y' imperative,
and 3."p?iffitive. - -
Q. What is meant by the indicative mood?

A. The indicative mood simply indicates or declares the action,
aS": he learned, or interrogatively, N'T ": did he learn ?
Q. What is meant by the imperative mood P
The imperative mood commands, intreats, or forbids, as
m: E!'-nN "E) “Remember the sabbath day.”
a. What is meant by the infinitive mood?
A. The infinitive mood merely affirms the action, and is
without any distinction of number and person, as "T": : to learn.
LESSON XXXI.
OF TENSEs. #!
Q. What is meant by tense?
A. Tense is the distinction of time.
Q, How many tenses are there?
A. Three; 1. Tay preter, 2. Try future, and 3. ''': pre
sent, i.e. between past and future.
Q. What is the preter tense?
A. The preter tense denotes the action as past, as ": he
had ledrned.
Q. What is the future tense?
A, The future tense represents the action as yet to come, as
"p, he will learn.
(* ,
HMBREW GRAMMAR. 138
Q. What is the present Tense?

A. The present tense denotes the action passing at the time
it is mentioned, as "52 he is learning.
LESSON XXXII
or The Patriciples. "Ninn n=N sy:

Q- What is a participle?
A. A participle is a part of speech, partaking of the nature
both of the verb and the adjective, therefore called '''.
Q. How many kinds of participles are there?
A. Two; by's ''}'' active and by? ''J' passive.
LESSON, XXXIII.
OF NUMBER, PERson, AND GENDER,

Q. what is to be observed generally of the appending of the
number, person, and gender ?
A. The following table will shew the different persons, and
number; also the varying of the ame verb by different pre
fixes and affixes.
LESSoN XXXi V.
TABLE xiii-serie; the Prefixes and affixes to form the

ersons, &c.
Part. Inf. Fut. Imp. Pret.
declined usually o - r 3 m.
like the formed 3
Adject, like the Fl Fi" f.
in the Imper.
third and have Fl !)
-
2 m. #s:
person the letters

Masc. !" * nN- 2 f. §
ož
Sing.
See the b% - 5 -: n- 1 -
•
Declen. prefixed 3 * 3 m.
of the occasion- § 3 f.
£;
Table I. ally. "
-—Fl th- • 2 m. 'Ss
*-n - in- *
- 2 f.
: -*
"Th n) 3)
*.. I c.
• *-i
J
139 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
LESSON XXXV.
OF PERFECT or REGULAR WERBs.
Q. How is a regular verb conjugated?

A. According to the following epitome; and by affixing he
letters of the foregoing table according to its mood or tense,
will give the inflection throughout all the conjugations.
TABLE XIV.—An Epitome of A REGULAR VERB not he

remembered. r
":"In "In":In 12, "21 "3"; "21 Pre

"T"- "3m –– 121 "In mist im.
": " ":" ":" ":" ":" ": man Fat
": " ":" "21" m2, " ": "Shor; Int
- ***}^ – "i" --- * P. A
":Tip "Pip ": ":
* J 1219– 12p–– h;1 maj P.P.
*
LESSON XXXVI.
Q. What is observed in this epitome?

A. First, each word is the first of the same mood, tense, &c.
which in the preter, future, and participle, is the 3rd masc. sing.
but in the imperative, it is in the 2nd. pers, masc. sing. The
learner is only to place the same in the beginning of the blank
line in table xIII. the rest will follow by the same termination, &c.
Second, the vowel (*) is retained in the preter of P except
in the 2nd m. f. plu. when it is changed to () as !" Em":
Third, if the 2nd or 3rd radical be a guttural, or ". the
termination i is changed to (-) as np: but when a hyphen or
a pause intervenes, it then terminates with (") as N". Fourth
the formative N of the future in kal, niph. and hith. the
HEBREW GRAMMAR 14/">
() is changed to (-). Fifth, the characteristic • in hiph. is

sometimes left out, and compensation is made by changing the
(*) to (-) as 913.) for b", but when in construction, it *
() as "y:
LESSON XXXVII.
ON QUIEscENT VERBs. B'n).

Q. How many kinds of quiescent verbs are there?
A. Six, and are as follows:
TABLE XV.
1. Whose first radical is N as "bs he said.
2 • third , ,, N. .. &#9 he found.

3. , ** ” ” T *, n: he revealed.
4. . . second , , , , Ep he arose.
5. , * * * * , !" he understood.
6. , first , , , , -: he begat.
*
LESSON XXXVIII.
TABLE XVI.
AN EPIToME of A VERB QUIEscENT IN THE FIRsr
RADICAL *, as ": he begat.
Hith. Huph. Hiph, Pu-al. Pi.e. Niph. Kal.
":r" " ' ' ', i. p.

+rn — 'In – #: ": ' Imp.
*n: " " ' " +, +, +, F.
+rn "n" " ' ' n' is
... —" – " – "P. a.
{*} "p - 'p — "20 "", P. P.
141 HEBREW G2AMMAR.
...Lesson xxxix.
Q. What is to be observed in the foregoing table?

A. Verbs whose first radical is " are regularly declined in the
preter and participle of kal, and in the dagesh conjugations.
The Infinitive of kal, takes in:T except such roots which have
y or " for their second rad. it then terminates in-, as ry"
fromy".
Q. Do the formatives of the fut. kal. always take (...)?
A. Yes; there is but one exception, i. e. the verb b: i.
kal they take () as 52, he shall be able.
Q. Are there any other exceptions?
A. Yes; First, these four, Hy he nourished, 92. he howled,
5: he did good, and |b' he turned to the right. Second, the
v. N' he feared, retains with its regular vowels in the fut.
kal thus, NY, &c. In the imperat it is NT and pia. **
and is read thus 3" and if the N were omitted, to distinguish i:
from the fut. "N" they shall fear, the having metheg, shews
the first rad. to be but the same word without it, shews the
ns" he saw. Third, these seven "p, "y. !y: !:
root to be
and 58: ty: 5: are regularly declined. Fourth, these four

n: yT n: "p. in hith. The * is changed to consonant,
aS n"n" &c.
Q. What have you to observe of those verbs whose first rad.

is NP
A. Verbs whose first rad. is N are but few that will a 'mixt
of the several conjugations, &c. those which are found follow
the regular table xiv. except these five "ps, SN, "2N,
n:8, "PN, in the futkal, the formatives take the () a. *
&c. These three ans, ris, ps, sometimes follow this
rule, as triN, except where the N takes a compound vowel as,
HEBREW GRAMMAR. 144)
*N) &c. in the future kal pi-el the formative N is omitted.

as TSN for ":8: and b: for 5:kk , &c.
LESSON, XL.
TABLE XVII. AN EPITOME of A VERB QUIEscENT IN 2nd

RADICAL ], or Y, as Ep he arose.
Hith. Huph. Hiph. Pu-ad. Pi-el. Niph. Kal.
Bopm Epm EP, Epp pop bipyr: E.P.":

Epip" - EP') — Epp E" Epimp.
Eopn: Ep" EP, Epp, Epp EP, Spra.
Bop". EP" EP, top top E" Epist
- -D''')
|: —£ipp -
wipe - CBP.
|4 A.
{*} Ego-top” — EP, Epp. p.
1, ESSON, XLt.
Q. What are the chief peculiarities of this verb P

A. First. The root of verbs in this form will be found in all
lexicons in the inf of kal. In the pret. the 3 or j is changed to
(*); except these five"', this, "If, Silo, 715. retain i in the
pret and pres of kal. The verb nib the 1 is changed to (-);
and 3 is sometimes changed to (2) Gen. xxvii. 31. '' ER
“Let my father arise.” Second, the formatives of the fut, in
kai and hiph have also (,) but distinguished by the next vowel
The formatives of the fut. in kal and hiph have sometimes ("),as
3’to Wii'. Third,' conversive changes 1 or 3 in kal to short ()
&S Eph in hiph."—is changed to () asty). Fourth, in words
of two consonants and 1 second rad. the verb and noun are the
same, as "MN he shone and light. Fifth, those with "-second
rad. retain it throughout. Sixth, such verbs which have * or )
consonant second rad. are regular. Seventh, (1) is inserted
before the personal pronouns in the 1st and 2nd pers, singular
and plural of the preter. of niph, and hiph as intop:
143 HEBR EW GRAMMAR.
repl. mopy Eighth, the distinction of the 3 fem. sing.

pret, and of the part. fem. of kal. is thus, if the accent be on
the first syllable it is preter, as n: she did rise, but if on the
second syllable, it is the participle, as n: she is rising. Ninth,
in the dagesh conjugations the third rad. is doubled; and some
double both rad. as b: from 913.
LESSON, XLII.
TA BLE XVIII.—AN EPIToME of A VERB QUIEscENT IN 3rd

RAD. N., as N: he found.
Hith. Huph. Hiph. Pu-al. Pi-el. Niph. Kal.
*::prins: NXbn 'p &b ssp. Nyp Pre.

*nnsy", "s" — "sps," "sh imp.
*:::n' — syn' s: Nsp, NY, NYp: Fut.
*::Inn Nyby NY: Nixo 'p NY: Nixp nf.
— N'h' —&pp NY: Nyb P. A.
{*} *:::p —Nipp - — Nixp P. P.
LESSON XLIII.
Q. What are the chief peculiarities of this verb 3

A. First. The vowels in this verb are regular, except 1. The
termination vowel (-) is changed to (r) on account of N.-2,
in the inf. kal, the (1) is retained to distinguish it from the
imperative. 3. These four s". *}”, N!xp. 8%
retain
(..) in the preter. kal, as "nN: &c.—Second. The N is

retained and never omitted, neither doth it change for any
other like those quiescent in "" " except those two NEOrl and
NY, when the N is once omitted, as 'n' for *:: and
wrp for strip. Third. The root *: retains the () in

HEBREw GRAMMAR.' 144
the preter of kal, as "N"D; and in niph the second () is

changed to (") as 'n'p. *NP), &c.—Fourth. The participle
feminine often terminates in ninstead of n nN2B3 for "879,
and nN.E. for "''' &c.
LESSON, XLIV.
TABLE XIX.—An Epitoms or a VERB Quiescent in 3rd

RADICAL T, as n: he revealed.
Hith Huph. Hiph. Pu al. Piel. Niph. Kai.

"inn ";" "::" " " ": "'Pret.
"in" — "bi" — "by ";" ": Imp.
"In my n' rú na n'ny Fut
nbinn nb): :
n": rubyn Inf. : '
— "yo — "Ap— n, P.A.
*}*-*- : *r
LESSON, XLV.
Q. What are the chief peculiarities of this verb P

A. First. The 3rd radical T is retained in all the conjuga
tions except the infinitives, and the part pret. of kal; in the
third person fem. pret of all the conjugations the T is changed
to " as n: &c. In the first and second person singular
and plur.then is changed to (*) as ry 3. &c. but in the third
-
plur. com. the 3rd radical is omitted, as 323 &c. except

n: which retains" as "p"—Second. The root n: the Ti
145 t” hEpiteW GRAMMAR.
is changed to consonant, as '*'. The root nry in hith.

a ) consonant is inserted between the 2nd and 3rd radical, as
ninny'N-Third. Then is often omitted in the imperative
of pi-el hiph. and hith, as binn, &c. Fourth. conversive,
and the negative PN before the future causes the omission of
" and the vowel (*) is changed to (-) as b3) for TP5); some
times a transposition of vowels take place, as !' for "y"
and 'B' bs: but if under y or n, it terminates with (-) as
* &c.—Fifth. The root "'The saw, the formatives of the fut.
in kal takes(-) as in hiph, to distinguish it from the root N: he
feared, thus N') and he saw, is every where in kal, except.
2 Kings, xi. 4, where it is in hiph. “And he sheweth.” Sixth,
Wr the 2nd radical be n > 3 they terminate in quiescent (), as
nt :) ": then is omitted even without conversive.
or the particle 9N, as a ' for n:
LESSON, XLVI.
Q. What other peculiarities are to be observed in quiescent

Verbs 2
A. If any of the letters *) NIN are found among the root,
differently from those already mentioned:—namely, whose first
radical is T, as +). he turned, rin, he slew ; also such whose
2nd radical is ) " N as bsy,
he asked, bn: he
terrified,
y)) he expired, and 5'8 he hated, are for the most part
regular, with these, exceptions the termination i is changed
to (-), as bs: for bist), and that of T takes (-) instead of
:), "B". &c. -
HEBREW GRAMMAR.
LESSON, XLVII.
On Defective Verbs, E'En.

Q. What verbs come under this denomination?
A. Verbs whose first radical is J, as t?: he approached,
and one with 5, as np: he took, and nine with (), viz.
"D", "p: n),*: 5''. X'. yx', px; ny"; and those whose
second and third radical are the same, as 555 he encompassed,
and are by some grammarians called E">> doubling.
LEiSSON, XLVIII.
TABLE XX.—AN EPIToME of A VERB DEFEcTIVE IN FIRsr

Radical l, as Wil, he approached,
- r
Hill. Hugh. Hip". Pu'a, Peel, Niph. Kal.
v'n" v', thin th] c'] c' vi, Pre,

v'n" t' — why wyl vi Imp.
v'n' p': th: : v \ w, v, Fut.
v'n" van v'n th: £) win ng Inf
— — chip – c'p— vy P.A.
{ere es– was - en be "r
LESSON XLIX.

A. First. They are regular in the pret, and part. of kal, the
imp. infin. of niph and the dagesh conjugations; but if the 2nd
radical be a guttural they are regularly declined.—Second.
The vowels are regular; but, where the first syllable in perfect
verbs ends in quiet (en s) in this instance is compensated by
double dagesh, as v'n, Th9". The imp. and infin. kal ter
minate in 7 and n7% is added to the latter, as n: £), unless
the 3rd, radical be a guttural; it then terminales with(-), &s

147 HEBREW GRAMMA:Rs
nrip root nP), also the fut. kal, except b: the 1 is retained
bia'. The formatives of huph. have (...) instead of on
: aS
account of dagesh. Third. In the verb rip in some of the con

jugations the b is retained, as in Esther ii. ver. 16. np?m
"mpN, “and Esther was taken ;” and sometimes omitted, as
Gen. xii. 15 mph) " and she was taken." The verb yr',
f is found to be but once defective, Job iv. 10, E">> *:::h
y}n, “and the teeth of the young lions were broken.”. Fourth.
Verbs whose first and third radical is are defective and are
thus declined, !") he gave Fin: thou gavest, &c. fut. !" he shall
give ; imperat. lm give thou; infinitive nm, in both cases, the 3
is omitted. Fifth. Verbs whose second radical is ) as F't.
he was angry, is also omitted, and the B takes dagesh as 'N'.
Sixth. Verbs whose third radical is or n are omitted before
the personal pronoun, as !": \ln\}.
LESSON L. •
TABLE XXI.—AN EPITOME of A VERB wHFSE 2nd RDICE

IS THE SAME, aS 55#. he encompassed.
Hit. Huph. Hiph. Pu al. Pis. Niph. Kal.
5:FE: Spin 5pm inb hip Sp Sp Pret.

5:hp" — ap" — 5:b ap" nib Imp.
inhp, ap" ap' lib' hab' ap! alb, Fut.
5:15pm hpin ap: hib hab BET Hip Inf.
— — app — 5:bp — 5:b PA.
{ashboat's — apbb — ap) map P. P.
LESSON LI.

A. First. In the pret kal. niph, hiph. and huph: j is inserted;
HEBREW GRAMMAR. 14
in the first and second per sing, and plu, before the affixes:
thus, n'ab, 'n' DJ, &c. Second - is inserted before the
affix ..") as "J'ph, &c. Third. The dagesh conjugations
retain the second rad. except the root "'PB in the fut, pi-el,
One b is omitted and i is changed to ( ) a' DN]; ) conversive
ET) like Ep: and in
changes i in the fut: kal to short (,) as
hiph. the () is changed to () as 2'); the roots"; ani",
retain (,) in the pret. kal. to compensate for dagesh in "; these
two DTT, by, are the same as Ep and b !, and are
considered by some, as quiescent, and by others as defective.
Fourth. The root £r. in hiph takes (--) instead of (") Deut
iii. 24. "brimm's "Has thou begin?"

LESSON Life ---
CoNVERSIVE. "B" *] -
Q. How is the conversive used?

A prefixed to the preter changes its sense to the future, as
**) and he will say, and vice versa; if prefixed to the future,
it changes the sense to the preter; it then takes (-) and puts a
dagesh in the next letter if capable, as "p") and he said.
Q. When is the conjunctive (">'n?)

A When the word is preceded by another verb in the preter.
as Ps. cxlviii. 5. *::) n}x &n “he commanded, and they
were created;” the 1joined to the 2nd verb is conjunctive only; in
the future it has its original vowel () as #N"N) and I will see
him; when prefixed to verbs whose third rad. is in it causes it to
be omitted, as b5) for n°5") &c.
Q Arethere any other particles that produce the same effect?
A. Yes, the adverb D') before and 'N then; coming before
itthegrew,
fut, "ph
changes
"g:the'Nsense
thentosang preter, as "py byp before
theMoses. •
149 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
LESSON LIII.
Paragogic Letters niSO1HH flVH1S
Q. What are the paragogic letters?

A. The paragogic letters are * J H which are appended to
verbs, to express a wish or the possibility or impossibility of tbe
action, and is the potential mood Jfl&^J Jfl "SJ1Wp
Q. In what manner are they affixed ?
/ ft 2. m. s. preterit
2. to. p. „
2. to. s. imperative
A. Thus, / \" B r 2. »».
1. c. *. future
2. to. p. „
3. to. s. participle
Q. Give examples ?
A. First with fi as rlSIB'HI I «wM go (i.e. with your
permission) and return (if it please God) ; without the additional
letter ft would be absolute, as "!J^N> I wiU go, second, with | Deut.
vi. 13, Ityl&B'fl if(i.e. each) of you shall attend, 8sc. but Deut.
n. 13. tytpfffi ifye (i.e. all) of ye, SfC.
Q. How is the "l^nn fYQfe? subjunctive mood known ?
A. First by prefixing particles, as J?23tJJpl JfiibB' "ifthou
wilt surely hearken," £c. and by prefixing the letters 25 3 13 to
the infinitive, and the pronominal affixes, as DNISHS " when
they were created."
Q. What other remarks have you to observe ?
A. First, the infinitive before the verb shews the certainty of
the object; fllDD flUO "thou shalt surely die." Second, the
Inf. after a verb shews a continuation of the thing, as i^Dfl B'K
HEBREW GRAMMAR. 150
nN}/"Ifthou doest good (i.e. continually) thou shalt beforgiven.”

Third, the infinitive before a noun has the sense of a verb, as
1 chron. ix.43, bs" 'ab * ': ''': “Before a king
did reign over the children in Israel.” " -
LESSON LIV.
VERBAL NoUNs.
Q. How many kind of verbal nouns are there?

A. Four; 1. radical; 2. infinitive; 3. participle; and 4. the
'''PNT hemantive.
Q. What are radical nouns?
A. Such nouns as are composed of the same radical letters
as the roots, as *
a king, from ':
he reigned.
Q. What are the infinitive nouns?
A. The same as the infinitive of verbs, as n: a seat; ">''}
sitting; root it!” he sat.
- r
- -
Q. What are participle nouns?

A. The participle nouns are so called because they participate
both of the quality of the noun and verb, as "pity a watchman,
i.e. one who is in the act of watching.
Q. What are the hemantive nouns?
A. The hemantive nouns are such as are made so from verbs,
by adding one or more of the letters \'n'N'T to the root, a
":2n a scholar; "The 2p a teacher; root Tr: he learned,
151 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
LESSON LV
TABLE XXII—THE LETTERs ) " n 5 N T ARE ADDED

To THE Roor IN THE FOLLowING MANNER.
.* root,
!" generally at the end as ": justice PT, he is just
& in the beginning, as 5}:8 a liar 5}: he told lies
b ** * * ** , bipp a place Ep to rise
J commonly at the end, as in w a table n:whe sent forth
at the beginning "p. ! a scholar in; he learned

{ and at the end .# } n:y, a crown by he crowned
in the beginning to form P'" Pr'he laughed
"Ain't. ...N. www.rich "Whe made rich
adj. at the end of words. "y hebrew "yhepassed over
as a vowel at the end "a strong hi; he was strong
l of words.
forein
but fem.
the lastitsyllable
is put be-
as nb"# greatness b's he was great
"r : - r
LESSON LVI.
Q. Are there any more distinct verbal nouns?

A. Yes, besides those already mentioned, there are more,
they form twenty seven, according to the number of the letters
of the alphabet, and are as follow: viz.
TABLE
XXIII.
SHEwing
TwRNTY-SEVE
THE
N
FoRMS
OF
VERBAL
NoUNs.
*.
:
":
b'y
Perfect
Verbs
such
are
as
retain
three
letters;
rad.
radix
1.
reigned
he
Ol
B'n)
|Quiescent
are
have
such
as
one
more
"N.
among or
letters
root,
the
– R"B
"EN"
QuiescentN1|
radical
speech
hps12
said
2.he
*** —”3:1
dweller "B,"'|.
3.
— Y})
to,
Ep
bipp
place
4.
rise
,2)
**
— wy2,...”,
!:1judgment
!"
judge
5.to
— 85
N:
NyíbyN.,*
hated
6.he
enemy
**
- run3
7.*
"I
n.b
animal
he
lived
**
bise
—- sh
3rdhe8&""'
Radical"
||Ti98
lated
nP's
baker
**
—n.b.
*"E)"”
"
"h l,he
"...
forth"|
cast
9.aw**
8%
"h1.8
— N'
*"E,
feared
n'fear
10,
**
”e
"y
n.b.
””,
11,
— n:
2
NT
existing
m"N he
was
**
*y
—s
** he"|*2"
"8,
saw
**)
Es:— Y})
43,,”2
Niš
came8
he
visitor
*
Buies.
Qy
"
"B
15) n?
"
"I'll
.,
,,
n3
op n"
.,
"
.3"B
,,
1.
-.
rad.
1
def.
'n'
YP
"B5)
3
-5YB
,
be
-3
3
,
39 "p"
radical
I
Defective
}
-
five ty:
,
h'p'pimp. b'P: 8',
"n
}">
"Y)
rDefective
1adical "
y
3
}
-
2
,
radicals. b'Pon
Doubling,
3'
&
2nd.
double
as
such
rad.
rd
in
four
have
as
Such 2nd.
&
1st.
Twofold,
same
the
rad.
n":rad.
3rd.
&
1
so
w
-
win
is
Quiescent.
and
Defective
**
•
N#3
Qhe
&
rJ
3
4
Nuies.
upad.
lifted
Fl
TI)
wandered
he
cut
he
n":
"p}
stretched
he
p:
he
married
angered n:
H'
he he !
took by:
delivered
he
he
52p
encompas ed
%. howled
he gave
he
!"
As
marriage
nunn Erl#p
tongs
frog
yTE: by:
whe
spreading gift Fitzp
cutting njab
n"> stick deliverey
fugitive
"Til &#p
thistle
"I %h
howling circuit
5:b burden
*
anger
HEBREW GRAMMAR
LESSON LVII.
OF PARTICLEs, n:
Q. What words are comprehended under this denomination ?
A. 1. E"pNPT br' adverbs; 2. nity: Dr preposi
tions; 3. "arly n: conjunctions; and 4. "s" n:
nterjections. -
Q. By what are they known in Hebrew P

A. First, by entire forms derived from the verb, noun, or
pronoun; second by adding syllables, or by abbreviations *
and third, by the compounding of two or more words.
LESSON LVIII.
OF ADVERBs. b"N: n":

Q. What is an adverb?
A. An adverb is a part of speech joined to a verb, to an ad
jective, to a pronoun, and to a participle.
Q. How many adverbs admit of declension ?
A. Twenty-seven.
Q. What are they?
A. 1. "IN after; 2. TN where; 3. ps not ; 4. b's wnto :
5. DSN end; 6. by's near 7, nN, with, 8. £a on account o/,
9. p: between, 10. Ty: besides; 11. 'a except ; 12.
"nya for the sake of; 13, !" behold; 14. n: except ; 15. to:
as ; 16. ": alone; 17. !yp: on account of ; 18. npy, oppo
site ; 19. 'B' before ; 20. pfrom; 21. ": over against # 22,
r:13 facing ; 23. 5': round about ; 24 y wpon, 25. Ty
get, 26. By with, 27. nnn instead.
Q. How many adverbs are there that do not admit of declen
sion?
A. Seventy-five. [See Rev. S. Lyon's Hebrew Gram., page

113.]
155 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
Q. What is the difference between pjjj and no, not t
A. The word 's used only to the future, whilst is botk
to fut. and pret as Ve lha!l not eat> TDNn \ib\
and thou shalt not *ay,'W?2 N1? I have not consumed, but
is only used before nouns, as JJ^X J*X nr an<
LESSON LIX.
Of Prepositions. nifi^JTl DH*
Q. What are prepositions ?
A. Prepositions serve to join words one with another, and 1m
Hebrew many of them are the same as adverbs.
Q. What prepositions occur as prefixes ?
a. 23. S> y a-
Q. What other observations have yon to remark ?
A. When prepositions receive the pronominal affix, their form*
are lengthened, as ^ Viy^
LESSON LX.
Of Conjunctions. *V£inn fflVip
Q What is a conjunction ?
A. A conjunction is that particle which connects words toge
ther, and indicates the reason of a thing.
Q. How many sorts of conjunctions are there ?
A. Three; viz. copulative, disjunctive, and conditional.
Q. What is a conjunctive copulative ?
A. It joins both the words and sense of a sentence, as
TD3~,}V5 and it was evening, and it was morning, \
Q. What is a conjunction disjunctive? \

A. It joins words, but disjoins the sense, asHyrlJfl 1wilH
nWSrr^N 1X " he »halt bring him to the door, or to the
post.''
Q. What is the use of a conditional conjunction P
A. It renders the speech doubtful as flt^X Vî$ !
" If his master have given him a wife, SfC."
EEBREW GRAMMAR. . 156
Q. What is to be observed of the letter 1?

A. That it may be used conjunctively or disjunctively, accor
ding to the sense; 1, Sam. xvii. 34, 35, 36, 1“And David said
to Saul, thy servant kept his father's sheep, ) and there would
come a lion ) or a bear, and take a lamb from the flock; ) Then
went I out after him ) and smote him, &c. Thy servant slew
both, ) whether the lion ) or the bear, &c.
LESSON LXI.
OF INTERJECTIONS "ş" n:
Q. What is an interjection?
A. An interjection is that part of speech which denotes a sudden
passion of the mind.
Q. How many sorts of interjections are there in Hebrew P
A. Two; viz., primitives and derivatives; 1. as "IN TN
al: 'in, is alas: "N, oh' 2 #5 or that, I wish. In or
FT3" beseech! / FIS'
be it:loN} behold 4é." sing, come! plu. };}">''2'
t + ... r
fan
LESSON LXII,
OF DAGEsh :)" v r
Q. What do you mean by dagesh?

A. Dagesh is a dot placed in a letter (if capable;) but if
found in F at the end of a word it is called mappik, signifying
to utter as m; to her, &c.
Q. How many sorts of dageshim are there?

A. Two; dagesh forte or double dagesh pin vyi and dagesh
lene or single dagesh Sp
v'.
Q What do you mean by dagesh forte, or double dagesh?
'A. It is so called because it doubles the sound of the letter
wherein it is placed, as Top LIM-Misp, LIM-MAID,
Q. What do you mean by dagesh lene or single dagesh?
A. It is generally placed in the letters F. B > 73 when any
of them begin a word or syllable, or after a mute
157 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
LESSON LXIII,
Q. If an adjective plu. is in construction with several rouns of

different numbers, to which one will it belong?
To the one in opposition, as Gen. iv. 10. Tris '?" >1
"yish |b * Epyx “The voice (sing) of thy brother's
blood (Heb. bloods) are crying (part plu.) to me from the
ground,” here the verbal part, adj, plu. Epyx agrees with the
moun sing. Pip; thus, we perceive the 'force, energy, and
sublimity of the Hebrew language, i.e. he who commits murder
destroys thousands; the noun bib voice is here distributively
i. e. the voice of each.
1. ESSON LXIV.
Q. What have you to observe respecting the collective noun

> all?
A. It refers to a noun singular, and includes each of every sort,
and is generally put at the beginning of the sentence, as Gen. ch.
xi. 19.1% sinn we'r', 'p.'"g's 55, her,
we find the collective noun b: all or every sort, belonging to the
noun nin £5), i. e. every living animal, &c. The translation is
rendered thus, “And every living animal to whom the man gave
same, that was its name thereof.
Q. Has ever the infinitive before a noun the sense of a verb!
A. Yes; in almost every mood and tense, as Gen. xxxvi. 31,
bRy-y: :* ''', “Before the reigning of a king,
• r-, * * : * j” . : " :--
i.e. before a king did reign in Israel; the infinitive has the
sense of the preter. Josh. vi. 3. Tyrrns #" “ye shall es
compass the city;” here it implies the sense of the fut, and Gen.
viii. 3. ''I''') £n. going and returning, &c.” signifying
the continuation of the going, the present tense; and some
times the imperative, as Exod. xx. 8, n:h, Ep-n's "E)
“Remember the Sabbath day,” &c.
O
.*EEREW. GRAMMAR. I58
Q. How are
understood P
the letters 5 b> - when applied to the infinitive.
| " " - i.
A. J. Signifies the subj, preterit, as "pe: when he was

visited, Tipp: as he was visited, the 2 signifies the fut, n: - :
about to love, and the 5 is always negat, as "Ti5%) from tearn

ing, i. e. that I should not learn. 3 *
- LESSON, LXV
Q. What have you to observe of the verbal substantives. :

and "1"
A, That they are often omitted, and mustbe understood from the
sense, as Gen. 1.2. ETIn ''' by Tyn, “ and darkness
was upon the face of the deep,” &c." |
Q, What is the distinctive quality of the part, pas, of kal, and

part. niphal P
A. The disproportion of time which is to be comprehended from
these two, are absolute and compound.
Q. Which participle is absolute?
A. That of niph as, 2, Sam, xx, 10.": N5 N#y, but
Amasa was not on his guard." 5'1" "g'; T: 5 m3 (at the
moment) “of the sword which was in the hand of Joab,” pointing
out the very moment of the action, neither before nor after; again
Gen. vii. 11 in: Eppirina N)" and the windows of hea
ven. were opened,” i.e. at that very time the flood began to
increase the rain, and no longer.
... iQ. Which particle is a compound?
A. The pas, part. and kal. being a compound of all the tenses,
as Ps, v. 9, E'" thnp "p. “Their throat is an open sepul
Achre," i.e. it, has, is, and ever will be open, and Eccl. v. 13.
iny', 'y: "vy "Rice. Rept for the owner:
thereof to their hurt,” i.e., the same has, is, and ever will be
kept to his own hurt.
159 Hassaw GRAMMAR.
LESSON LXVI.
Q. Do ever the gutturals and " admit of dagesh?

A. No; but instead thereof, a change of vowels is made, thus?
short (-) to (r), short () to (") and short (r) to (j)
Q. Are there any exceptions to the above?
A. Yes; the N is found with double dagesh four times in Holy
Writ, and the " seven times.
LESSON LXVII.
The Divisions of the Alphabet.

Q. How are the letters divided?
A. Into eleven radicals, viz. PT: y: "Et MTV) forming the
root of all words; and into eleven serviles, viz.:55, In’s Nity”
shewing the various parts of speech.
Q. Can serviles ever be radicals?
A. Yes; when they are composed of servile letters only, as
n: he was, or part only, as Y:he formed, but radicals can
never be serviles.
LESSON LXVIII.
Of the Formation and Use of the Servile Letters.

Q. How are the servile letters joined to verbs?
A. In the following manner, viz. these six J" b* T T are
prefixed to the pret, these four "Y" to the imp, these four ! n ° N.
to the future; to shew number, person, and gender; these four
5'2 = −l are prefixed occasionally to the infinitive.
LESSON LXIX.
TABLE XXIV.—Shewing the seven Servile Letters

*>] T2'), how they are to be prefixed, &c.
FT2%)
Prep. from, out, of, takes () and puts a da
p from p ty gesh in the letter if capable to compensat.
for the and before the gutturals;" take (")
- it's from # m'ho, that, which takes ().
!" from nrir,T
Demonstrative, vocative, definite articles take
(-) or (r). [See Gram. on the defin. Article:
II Interrogative and admirative
**
HEBEW GRAMMAR. 160
-
555)
Conjunctive, or disjunctive, and, if, but,
or, when, now, &c. take ( ); before alabial,
or another (:) it takes (), but,before a *
1. l,' 1.) both are omitted and the takes (..), as "l
for 'n'), before an accent or monosyllable
take (...); when conversive to the fut. it has (-)

!: from 5. : £) Similitude, as, so, like as, follow the
same rule as )
b's from 9 5 b Dative prep. to, towards, near, unto, &c.
|: Jrom 3 a Preposition, in, on, among, with, &c.

The servile letters ty, l, , N, may be serviles at the begin
ning of words, otherwise they must be considered as radicals.
LESSON LXX.
To FIND THE ROOT OF A VERB.
Q. How is the root of a verb found?

A. First, after the servile letters are rejected, the remainder
must be the root. Second. if one or two letters remain, the word
is defective, and in order to discover the same, place or
before, 1% between, or T at the end; or, by doubling the second
radical, in either of these the root may be found.
TABLE XXV.—Shewing the pronominal affixes to verbs.
Nom. Acc.
Me 1. Com.
•) *}, "3. '). *-*. I
Thou Thee Mas.
"...]: Thee
1 in in, n. 12."
71), ". ".
Thou
He
She
Him
Her
|
#2, #3, #2. We US
E.). Ye You
Ye You 2, Fem.
3.
th-E, E. D The Them 3. Mas. H
| | |. They Them 3. Fem.
1 61 HEBREW GRAMMAR.
•
LESSON LXXI
SYNTAX. I'v'." TY:

Q. What is syntax? imps': !y: "p"
A Syntax is the disposing of words in their gender, number,
person, mood, tense, and place in a sentence.
Q. How many kinds of sentences are there?
A. Two; simple and compound.
A. What is a simple sentence?
A. It is that wherein there is but one verb, and one nom. either
expressed or understood, as "I'll nig “Sarah my mistress.”
Q. What is a compound sentence *

A. It is two simple sentences joined together by a conjunction
&c. as Deut. ch. xii. 32. One wins') : Epins:
“Thou shalt not add nor diminish from it.”
Q. How do you place the nominative in the Hebrew P
A. Generally after the verb, with which it must agree in
number, person and gender, Gen. ch. xxxii. 4. Tiny "ps N:
spy" Thus sayeth thy servant Jacob.”
Q. Are there any exceptions?
A. Yes; nouns signifying power, also the Holy Attributes
which in general are plural and joined to nouns or verbs singular
to point,out the Unity of the Divine Essence, as Exod. ch. xxi. 4.
nt's 19 in: \"\"N EN “If his master. Heb, masters, gave
him, sing, a wife.” Gen. xlii. 30, ''': 'Tis ths: “The
man, the Lord, Heb, lords; of the land.” 1. Kings, xviii. 39.
E">N) N}" n" “The Eternal he is the Elohim.”
L ESSON LXXII.
ADJECTIVRs.
Q. What have you to say concerning the adjective P

A. Every adjective, pronoun, and verb, must agree with its
substantive expressed or understood, in number and gender, as
bieh REW GRAMMAR 162
b: t"N a wise man, n> "#8 a'fai, woman, b'v's

b'p:n wise men, m. "ar" "N, J. n" R8 thou art
speaking, m b'martEns frinar mRye are speaking,
'): "...” “Solomon my son,” Gen. xxxiii. 21. b'g's:
* £7'E':w #87 “These men are in peace Heb.
plu.; with us.
Q. Are theré any exceptions to the above?
A. Yes; a noun plural signifying power, &c. is often joined to
n":
an adjective in the singular, as Isaiah xix. 4. Ey"N "3
“In the hand of a cruel lord.” Heb.lords; meaning you shall
be under the yoke of many masters, where each of them
will treat you with cruelty, this and the like sentences should
always be rendered distributively.
LESSON LXXIII.
Q. If two substantives of different genders come together, with

which gender must the verb agree ?
A. In the masc, as Gen. ch. iii. 5. int: N) ETN." sann's
“and he hid himself(themselves) the man and his wife ;” except
when any dignity is observed in the fem. gender, then the verb is
put in the masc. to point out the excellence or merit of the female
as Gen. xxiii. 14. ny: "n) “ and it shall come to pass if
the damsel” instead of nnn), and vice versa to point out a
base action of the male; the verb is then fem. as Ezek. xxiii. 14.
nyin Invy, “we have acted alominally" "gy for

Envy, -
LESSON LXXIV.
Q. How are verbs plu. in construction with a noun singular;

or vice versa verbs singular to nouns plu. rendered?
A. They must be rendered distributively; as Psalm cxix. 103.
in ps £rb *:::: rip “how sweet, plu, are thy word.”
sing.; i. e. every word, &c. And Gen. xviii. 20. EnN}<r)
Fr"; *: “and their sins (plu.) is heavy,” (sing) for ": are
heavy, &c.
I63 he prew GRAMMAR.
* LESSON LXXV.
Q. What is an ellipsis? E"pN: np "P

A. It is the omission of words in a sentence and are often met
will. Eve EP?" Bros):

q, what are pleonisms? b'lyn: 5)"p: ninth
A. Rhetorical figures or metaphors in speech, with which the
Hebrew Language abounds, and whereby many mysteries are.
discovered.
Q. What do repetition of words signify? . -
A. Repetition of words generally adds sublimity and loftiness

of expression.
LESSON LXXVI.
PRosody. D''')
Q. What are the accents :
A. They are certain marks about the letters to point out their
proper punctuation and are also euphonic, producing an agreeable
sound, which are set to Music.—[See Nathan's Essay on Music.]
LESSON LXXXVII,
Names of the Accents according to the Spanish and Portuguese

Jews.
#Provian',"ps:up'n'pa Sri
*w yā) pop via 8:18 st', 'y: ".
wr:#;"| "pip.png"ns: piano
"innins strip 'so man sy" pub "mpty":
- - • 9 -
sy, sity sma poor' atyr' aty sy: an or,

: pp: 'ps: #y:
Names of the Accents according to the German and Polish Jews.
Q Q' 92 ...! 9 p • *. ed
r:ps:" ":r" st' is virim: but S:

:I .: *...
s: "Ans"b" "" by pist's 'p

HEBREW GRAMMAR. 164
: p^firpD i pee
: jurp npst? n^65 Mj-jft nnsîj? iov $ myi^g

Q, What further remarks have you to observe respecting them ?
A. First the ^J^l *8 e1ua^ to a comma> 2nd the jfej5"6]pT la
equal to a semicolon ; 3rd the J«5Fin3i"^ *s e1ua^ to a colon : and
4th. the 5 P|1D is e1ual t0 a period.
LESSON XVIII.—Numeral Nouns. DHBW?
Q, How many sorts of numeral nouns are there ?
A. Three. JYI'J^ftt *nSD2? Figurative, "nSJ ^gpfc Cardinal,
Mid Cj^ltjyp "T30£ R-elative or Ordinal.
Q, What do you mean by figurative numbers ?
A, such as are expressed by letters, as 21 , N I, 2, &c.
Q, What do you mean by cardinal numbers ?
a. Is that number which is fully comprehended by itself, as
«lp£{ one, &c.
Q. What is meant by relative or ordinal number ?
A. Such as are governed by some other word, as p{J',s*)
first, &c LESSON LXIXi
TABLE XXVI—Figurative Numbers.
In joining Thousands are made by Hundreds Tens. Units.

num.letters, units accented.
the highest is »« ioo ....p 10 1 ,....{<
placedfirst; "3 200 .... 1 20
as a» 11. Sfc. "a 300 30
and instead "-I 400 .... n 40. & 4....-T
of jv fnd "h 500 .... n 50. 3 5....H
we mrite its, "n
rBi because 10000 "1 600 .... t360 D 6.... ^
the former looo 7-— T
are the initi. 700 .... J 70 y
als ofthe in "n 800 .... ft80 th 8....n
effable "to ..-ID
900 .... f 90. X
16° HBBBBW GRAMMAR
LESSON IXXX.
TABLE XXVII—Cardinal Numbers.
Fern.
Construction Absolute. r— Max-
Construction Absolut4
I onie DTN
2 two
3 three
sbto nit 4 four
5 fire nB^jrj
6 BIZ
1 seven
rube* njb# 8 eight rgb#
9 nine
10 ten
n^WanSTi/riL*0 10 the end. in'
Above ten there is no difference in the absolute and construction.
Feminine. Masculine.
From 20 to 100 is 11 ^gôr^HX V-|#yorT"lt$N*
made by adding eleven •• . - -. - t .•
D*r, as crpst rr&fy ne^
20, wt^h^ 30> tH,elve 12 *pyT a1
&c.To compound thirteen 13 PTDfc/K "lEty HE^B*
thenumbers.con- • v " T T
nect the units, as fourteen 14 HIB'V ySIX IBty nV5*lK T
T "• fifteen, &o 15 HXty W PlSWltS
twenty-one. • ' T T
looo tj^ 2oo&cniKjD y# ioo nô
HEBREW GRAMMAR-
LESSON LXXXI.
TABLE XXVIII.—Relative ot Ordinal Numbers.
Above 10 there is no difference erst nym~) pe*n

between the absolute and con second JVJ# or fT3# 1
struction of the cardinal numbers,
and above 20 no distinction in third TW^tf "V^tf
gender. The agreement of nu fourth
meral nouns from 1 to 10 inclu
sive the numeral adj. sing, takes fifth
aplu. sub. as Vjjjjjtwo days.
sixth
the same regards 1000 as 6J^$ seventh
lyjW? 1000 years &c. but above eighth
10 the sub. is in the sing, as j ninth
DinBtynj£fi$ti4 days, rtets
! tenth
100 follows the same rule, &c.
TEE FND,
# d
2.99 Tim
# B L DL 53D
-

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This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized

by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the

HEBREW AND ENGLISH

ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF

SCHOOLS AND PRIVATE TUITION,

■UNO AN EAST AND CONCISE MODE OF ACQUIRING AN

MOST SACRED LANGUAGE.

TO WHICH WILL BE AFFIXED,

AN ABRIDGMENT OF THE HEBREW GRAMMAR.

This production is designed to furnish young persons, and

To relieve the difficulties, and meliorate the obstructions of

The authorities which have here been followed, with regard

On the whole, it has been the Author's ardent endeavour, to

The Author pretends not to boast of new discoveries, but

The following Letters are sometimes lengthened.

1. Four Gutturals jmn» Throat

ON THE VOWEL POINTS.

Table 1st — Five little Fovsels, as above.

> Bh soundi like an in the Scotch, a guttural.

REBREW SPELLING BOOK. • 84

(*) Sh'-vo at the beginning of a syllable under the gutterals

n after & " as " ":8

R-# is frequently found instead of to point out the long hhi, ,

A point in F1 at the end of a word is called mappik, meaning

Hebrew is read from right to left, and the consonant sounds

* ~ *ku. Ford Points adapted to ~ *

rumple of Monosyllables with Little Vowels adapted to the sound of tkt

nut nor nil ned nahb

H * « tin. i> a4 A'.

Examples of Monosyllables with Little Vowels, adapted to the sound of tht

m'owd mod -top •g'dee "g'dee ni

m'quoom m'quoom g'sh6h g'shah

n'vie n'vai nw d'yow d'yo

n'hee n hee TO vlow vlo

s'nie s'nai njP v'kowl vkol

•'own son z'iebh z'aibh

ts'lee ts'lee y'deed y'deed

ts'hho'wque ts'hhoque y'hee y'hee

*qu'-r6 bqu'-ra y'mie y'mai

r'khoosh r'khoosh k'seel k'seel TPS

t'nookh t'nookh lhhee lhhee rh

*(g) Hard at in, go. b (q) *"«'*« <*« FnncK

tsav tsav giev gaiv vov vav 1J

Etym an "py typn: T. pp. ny, in Peh R:

bu-ev 'n 'b in 9s-na bs :

air bis p sa >''O b;

: "a ' ' ' 'n 'bs in mm

!a ', " by 2 ." by in

:y 3% in "p into mp 5' 35

vs " by Dr. Nin vs

pn " " ' " " .ne

:bsby in po ph '' '')

.brm ypg) ns) y En

ibb" no mon ". . ;

s: bipa .prn be: '',

. N.) bs) "R" alba ":

in: n:8 Sib? ":

n!" sigh y": D'N'

:*:A run ris: s" *

Example I. with two Long Vowels [tt]

Herman Spanish German Spanish

ma-vah 6-voh a-bhah

Example I. with two long vowels [tt]

German Spanish German Spanish

* ~ ku. Ford Points adapted to ~

(g) Hard at in, go. b (q) "«'« <« FnncK

::A run ris: s"