NEW HORIZON GURUKUL

POINTS TO REMEMBER FOR GRADE : XII

WEEK: 23 DATE: 31-10-2022 TO 04-11-2022

SUB: MATHEMATICS CHAPTER: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

SUB: ENGLISH CHAPTER: THE INTERVIEW

Question 1.Other than celebrities, what do some people think about an interview?

Answer:Other than celebrities, mostly common persons think that an interview is the only and
best source of truth. It, according to them, is an art.

Question 2.In which way do celebrities take an interview?

Answer:Celebrities find themselves as victims, they take interviews as an unwarranted

intrusion into their lives which somehow diminishes them.

Question 3.What did ‘Caroline’, the wife of ‘Rudyard Kipling’ write in her diary?

Answer:Caroline wrote that two reporters from Boston destroyed their whole day on 14
October, 1892.

Question 4.Who described the interview like thumbprints on his windpipe and why?
Answer:‘Saul Bellow’ once described interviews as being like thumbprints on his windpipe
because he became exhausted by the interviewees.

Question 5.How did Umberto Eco manage to write too much in his life?

Answer:Umberto Eco started to utilize interstices: the empty space which according to him is
enough with everyone.

Question 6.How can we say that Umberto Eco had a wide range of writing?

Answer:Umberto Eco was an expert in semiotics and other than this he started to write fiction,
literary fiction, academic texts, essays, children’s books, newspaper articles etc. So his
versatility in writing can be easily understood.

Question 7.What made ‘The Name of the Rose’ a hugely successful novel?

Answer: According to Umberto Eco, the most possible reason for the success of the novel
was a time’s mystery and actually nobody could predict the exact reason for it.

Question 8.What is Umberto Eco’s theory of interstices?

Answer:Umberto Eco says about the elimination of empty spaces from the universe, from all
the atoms and then the universe would become as big as his fist.

Question 9.How many copies of the novel ‘The Name of the Rose’ were sold?

Answer:More than 10 million copies of the novel ‘The Name of the Rose’ were sold.

Question 10.How and when did Umberto Eco start to write novels?

Answer:Umberto Eco started to write novels accidently at the age of 50. Then only on
Sundays, he used to write the content of the novels.

Question 11.Umberto Eco does many things, but says, “I am always doing the same thing but
that is more difficult to explain”. What does he mean to say?

Answer:Umberto Eco says that he has philosophical interests which reflect in all his writings
: fiction and nonfiction. In this way, he does the same thing, though he seems to pursue
various activities : writing notes for newspapers, novels, teaching, writing essays, children’s
books etc.

Question 12.Despite the drawbacks, the interview is a ‘supremely serviceable medium of

communication’. Explain.
Answer:Despite its drawbacks, the interview has its own advantages. Though, interview is an
intrusion into the personal life of the interviewee, it is always a supremely serviceable medium
of communication. Through the interviews only, we get vivid impressions of our contemporary
celebrities. We get a glance of their way of working.

Question 13.What are some of the positive views on inter-views?

Answer:Interview is considered as a reliable source of truth. Contemporaries and their

success can be read through the interviews. A very important part of journalism is interview
now a days.

Question 14.Why do most celebrity writers despite being interviewed ?

Answers :Most celebrity writers despise being interviewed because they have faced the fright
of interview. Among them, the interview is regarded as an unwarranted entrance into their
privacy.

Question 15.What is the belief in some primitive cultures about being photographed?

Answer:

Some primitive cultures believe that a person’s soul is stolen if he or she is photographed.

Question 16.What do you understand by the expression “thumbprints on his windpipe”?

Answer:

“Thumbprints on his windpipe” expresses the block,age to any person’s freedom and privacy.
It can be \ considered as a suffocation felt by the interviewes.

Question 17.

What in today’s world, is our chief source of information about personalities?

Answer:

In today’s world, our chief source of information about personalities is an interview.

Question 18.

Do you think Umberto Eco like, being Interviewed? Give reasons for your opinion.

Answer:
Umberto Eco surely likes being interviewed as a part of his interview is presented in this
chapter. He answers every question asked by Mukund and never frustrates and criticizes the
interview like many other celebrity writers.

Question 19.

How does Eco find the time to write so much?

Answer:

Umberto Eco uses each and every moment of time. Even he is capable of utilizing the little
space between different act.s. So he calls it the usage of interstices; the management of time.

Question 20.

What was distinctive about Eco’s academic writing style?

Answer:

Eco’s academic writing style can be said as a narrative which is personalized and interesting.
Eco's writing style is not dull and boring; different from others.

Question 21.

Did Umberto Eco consider himself a novelist first or an academic scholar?

Answer:

Umberto Eco firstly considered himself as an academic scholar because he was a professor
and wrote many academic texts while he wrote his first novel at the age of 50 accident.

Question 22.

What is the reason for the huge success of the novel, The Name of the Rose?

Answer:

The Name of the Rose is a serious detective story but delved into metaphysics, theology and
medieval history. The novel got a huge success and the reason Umberto Eco assesses it is
its favorable publication time.

The Interview Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.

Give a character sketch of Umberto Eco on the basis of the chapter ‘The Interview’.
Answer:

Umberto Eco, a university professor at the university of Bologna in Italy, is an academician

and a famous novelist. He, through various interviews, discloses his secret of success in life
and never hates the interviewers. He has his taste in various fields of writing such as
academic texts, fiction and nonfiction, literary fiction, essays, children’s books, newspaper
articles etc.

He always wanted to be called an academician not a novelist. He used to participate in

academic conferences, on the other hand, he avoided the meetings of writers and Pen Club
Members. He has written forty scholarly works and only five novels. He used to denote time
for writing novels on only ‘Sundays’. He discovered a magical trick of working in interstices.

He used to use even the seconds of his time. He captured the empty spaces for writing notes
or any content. He had an expertise in ‘Semiotics’: the study of signs. He never became a
slave of proud as he openely admitted that his novel ‘The Name of the Rose’ got success
accidently and the time was in his favour. He didn’t have any celebrity attitude though his
novel was bought by more than 10 million of the readers.

Question 2.

‘Mukund Padmanabhan’ was a reporter from ‘The Hindu’. In the context of the chapter, re-
veal his traits as an interviewer.

Answer:

Mukund Padmanabhan was surely a successful and well thought-out reporter who always
used to ask answerable and dexterous questions to his interviewees. He used to plan and
prepare to con-duct an interview with a celebrity. He never asked ugly or embarrassing
questions and on the other hand, the celebrity whom he interviewed always seemed to be
comfortable with his questions. Through the interviews, readers not only got the informations

about the celebrities but many other important aspects of Mukund’s personality also came
into their knowledge. He asked brief and quality questions to his interviewees scrupulously.
He let the interviewees speak in their own manner and never tried to interrupt or cross-
questioned them.

His interviewees used to be free and frank with him. He was always a prepared interviewer.
Mukund, in advance arranged the information and personality traits of his interviewees and
then with full preparations, started his sessions. In all we can say that Mukund Padmanabhan
was a disciplined and dedicated interviewer.
Question 3.

Several celebrities despise being interviewed. Is this justified? Why? Why not?

Answer:

There are several celebrities mentioned in this chapter like Rudyard Kipling, V.S. Naipaul,
H.G. Wells, Saul Bellow and etc. who dislike interviews very strongly. They never became
ready to be interviewed. Most of them considered interviews as an unwarranted intrusion into
their lives. They did not want to reveal the secrets of their personal lives.

Even an interview is considered as an immoral activity, as a crime or sometimes as an

assault. They feel that the interviewers waste their precious time which can be used by them
for more creativity. On the other hand, the common mass takes interviews very positively as
they come to know about the inner and hidden things of their ideals. But interviews have their
drawbacks also.

Celebrities feel shy and disappointed when they are asked for interviews but they forget that
they become famous and wealthy through the successful interviews. General mass become
their fan and devotee by knowing more and more about their ideals. Celebrities are even
worshiped. In this regard, it can be said that an interview cannot be termed as an immoral
activity.

The Interview Extra Questions and Answers Extract Based

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:

(Para-1)

Since its invention a little over 130 years ago, the interview has become a commonplace of
journalism. Today, almost everybody who is literate will have read an interview at some point
in their lives, while from the other point of view, several thousand celebrities have been
interviewed over the years, some of them repeatedly. So it is hard to supervise the opinions
of the interview of its functions, methods and merits very considerably.

Questions :

(a) What is an interview ? What’s its place in journalism ?

(b) What is the relation of an interview with a celebrity ?

(c) What is an interview for a literate person ?

(d) Name the chapter and the writer.

Answers:

(a) An interview is a one-on-one conversation between an interviewer and an interviewee. It

is commonplace in journalism.

(b) Though, according to the text, most of the celebrities despise from interview but several
thousand times, celebrities have been interviewed over the years, some of them repeatedly.

(c) For a literate person, an interview is an exciting content through which he comes to know
about their idols.

(d) The chapter is ‘The Interview’ by ‘Christopher Silvester’.

(Para-2)

‘Yet despite the drawbacks of the interview, it is a supremely serviceable medium of

communication. “These days, more than at any other time, our most vivid impressions of our
contemporaries are through interviews.” Denis Brian has written. “Almost everything in a
moment reaches us through one man asking questions of another. Because of this, the
interviewer holds a position of unprecedented power and influence.”

Questions :

(a) Despite the drawbacks, what is an interview ?

(b) Through which medium, how do we get the most vivid impressions of our contemporaries
?

(c) How, according to Denis Brian, almost everything in the moment reaches us ?

(d) Because of interviews, what position does the interviewer hold ?

Answers :

(a) Despite the drawbacks, an interview is a supremely serviceable medium of

communication.

(b) Through interviews, we get the most vivid impressions of our contemporaries.

(c) According to Denis Brian, almost everything in a moment reaches us through one man
asking questions to another.
(d) Because of interviews the interviewer holds a position of unprecedented power and
influence.

(Para-3)

And then I have a secret. Did you know what will happen if you eliminate the empty spaces
in all the atoms ? The universe will become as big as my fist. Similarly, we have a lot of empty
space in our lives. I call them interstices. Say you are coming over to my place. You are in an
elevator and while you are coming up, I am waiting for you. This is an interstice, an empty
space.

Questions :

(a) What secret did Umberto Eco have ?

(b) What did Umberto Eco tell about the universe as well as fist ?

(c) What, according to the interviewee, is an ‘interstice’ ?

(d) What example did Umberto quote about an empty space ?

(Para-4)

That’s possible. But let me tell you another story, because I often tell stories like a Chinese
wise man. My American publisher said while she loved my book, she did n’t expect to sell
more than 3,000 copies in a country where nobody has seen a cathedral or studied Latin. So
I was given an advance for 3,000 copies, but in the end it sold two or three million in the U.S.

A lot of books have been written about the medieval past before mine. I think the success of
the book is a mystery. Nobody can predict it. I think if I had written ‘The Name of the Rose’
ten years earlier or ten years later, it wouldn’t have been the same. Why it worked at that time
is a mystery.

Questions :

(a) What does the American publisher say to Umberto Eco ?

(b) How many copies of that book were sold ?

(c) What does Umberto Eco say about the success of the book?

(d) What is a mystery according to Umberto Eco ?

Answers :
 (a) American publisher says that in a country where nobody has seen a cathedral or studies
Latin, sales will not exceed 3,000 copies of the book.

(b) Two or three million copies of that book were sold.

(c) Umberto Eco says that the success of the book is a mystery.

(d) According to Umberto Eco, ‘why it worked at that time is a mystery’. The sale and success
of the book was a mystery.

SUB: PHYSICS CHAPTER: WAVE OPTICS

Wavefront:

It is defined as the locus of points which have the same phase.

1. Plane Wavefront:

At a large distance from the source, a small portion of the spherical surface
can be considered as plane and is called plane wavefront.

2. Spherical Wavefront:

From a point source emitting wave‟s uniformly in all directions, the locus of all
points vibrating in the same phase and same amplitude are spheres around
the point source called spherical wavefront.

3. Cylindrical Wavefront:

If the source of light is linear in shape the locus of all points vibrating in the
same phase is a cylindrical surface called cylindrical wavefront.

Huygens’ Principle is based on the following assumptions:

Each point on the primary wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets,

sending out disturbance in all directions in a similar manner as the original
source of light does.
 The new position of the wavefront at any instant (called secondary wave front)
is the envelope of the secondary wavelets at that instant.

Reflection at a plane surface on the Basis of Huygens Wave Theory

Refraction at a plane surface on the Basis of Huygens Wave Theory

Interference:

The redistribution of light energy due to superposition of two or more light

waves is known as interference of light.
 Example: Soap bubble, oil spread on wet road etc.,

Diffraction :

“The phenomenon of bending of light round the sharp corners of an obstacle

and spreading into the regions of the geometrical shadow is called
diffraction”.

Polarisation :

The phenomenon due to which the vibrations of light are restricted in a

particular plane is called the polarisation of light.