CARDIO VASCULAR DRUGS
TRIED IN MILD HYPERTENSION
ANTIHERTENSIVE DRUGS – this are
drugs to threat hypertension or high
blood pressure
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPHY-
tends to seek prevent complication of
high blood pressure such as stroke
and myocardiac infection ( maong
tagaan na sila ug maintenance para
ma prevent ang stroke ug mga
cardiac problem remember:
Hypertension is a primary risk for
cardiovascular diseases
DIURETICS – drugs that increase the
excretion of SODIUM and water from
the kidney consider as WATER PILLS,
it helps the kidney to illuminate exist
salt and water from the body tissue
and from the blood
 Drugs that increase the
excretion of sodium and water
from the kidney
 It also affect blood sodium
levels and blood volume this
will help nga mo lower down
ang iyang pressure kay e
excrete man niya ang sodium
maong ma ibanan pud ang
blood volume
 Increase ang blood pressure
then tagaanr ug diuretics
results to lower blood voulume
 OFTEN THE FIRST AGENTS
 This drugs INCREASE
URINATION and can disturb
electrolytes and acid-base
balance
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIURETICS
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS -
iya e reduce ang formation sa
hydrogen as well as bicarbonate ionz
gikan sa carbondioxyde and water by
inhibiting, ang mahitabo mo decrease
ang blood pressure
 ACETEZOLAMIDE
 BRINZOLAMIDE
 DORZOLAMIDE
LOOP DIURETICS – will help or will
treat sa mga heart failure
- The kidney will pass out more
fluid by interfering the
transport of the salt and water
across sa imong certain cells sa
kidney
- But there is a side effects
HYPOKALEMIA ( pinaka
common mo ubos ang imong
potassium level sa lawas, cause
nga mag luya imong mga tiil ug
ma apektohan pud ang imong
heart ana)
OSMOTIC DIURETICS – iya e inhibit arteries, para mo decrease ang blood
ang reabsorbtion sa water ug sa pressure
sodium, iya e expand ang
LIVER ANGIOTENSIN (PROTEIN)
extracellular fluid ug plasma volume
therefore it will increase ang blood KIDNEY SECRETION RENIN
flow padung sa kidney ANGIOTENSIN
- ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE ACE
- ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE
- MANNITOL ANGIOTENSIN

POTASSIUM -SPARING DIURETICS – TYPE 1 RECEPTOR

will reduce fluid levels in the body, so
it will cause to lose potassium
- DILI NIMO IHATAG SA PERSON
OR PEOPLE NGA LOW UG
POTASSIUM LEVELS KAY MO
LOSE SIYA UG POTASSIUM
THIAZIDES ( BENZOTHIADIAZINE) -
this is the most prescribe na diuretics,
because it can cause the blood
vessels to
- HYDROCLOROTHIAZIDE  Block the conversion of
- INDAPAMIDE angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
in the lungs
 This also stops that phase of
renin – angiotensin system
before vasoconstriction occur
or ALDOSTERON can be
released
 This action leads to decrease in
ANGIOTENSIN- CONVERTING
blood pressure and in
ENZYME INHIBITORS ( ACE ) – will
aldosterone secretion
help relax your veins as well as your
  They should be taken on an - VALSARTAN
empty stomach ( 1 hour before
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
or 2 hours after meals )
- BENAZEPRIL  Prevent the movement of
- CAPTORIL calcium into cardiac and
- ENALAPRIL smooth muscle cells when the
- FOSINOPRIL cells are stimulated
- LISINOPRIL  This calcium will caused the
- MEOXIPRIL heart and artery to contract
- PERINDROPIL more strongly
- QUINAPRIL  Interferes with muscles cells
- RAMIPRIL ability to contract
- TRANDOLAPRIL  Leading to a loss of smooth
muscle tone, vasodilation and
ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR
decrease peripheral resistance
BLOCKERS ( ARBS)
- This effects decrease BP,
 SELECTIVELY BIND THE cardiac workload and
ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTORS myocardial oxygen
 In blood vessels to prevent consumption
vasoconstriction - They are very effective In the
 In adrenal cortext prevent the treatment of AGINA because
release of aldosterone that is they decrease cardiac
caused by reaction of these workload
receptors with angiotensin 2 - Not all calcium channel
 This actions leads to a decrease blockers are used to treat HTN
In blood pressure caused by a
EXAMPLES OF CALCIUM CHANNEL
decrease in total peripheral
BLOCKERS
resistance and blood volume
- AMLODIPINE
EXAMPLE OF ARBs
- DILTIAZEN
- CANDESARTAN - FELODIPINE
- IRBESARTAN - ISRADIPINE
- LOSARTAN - NICARDIPINE
- OLMESARTAN - NIFEDIPINE
- TELMESARTAN - VERAPRAMIL
VASODILATORS – produce relaxation
of the vascular smooth muscle,
decreasing the peripheral resistance
and reducing the BP
 They do not block the reflex
tachycardia that occurs when
BP drops
 Most of vasodilators are
reserved for use in severe HTN
or hypertensive emergencies,
due to increase blood pressure
or hypertensive emergencies
EXAMPLES OF VASODILATORS
- DIAZOXIDE
- HYDRALAZINE
- MINOXIDIL
- NITRO PRUSSIDE
CARDIOTONIC DRUGS – increase ang
iyang efficiency and improve
construction of heart muscle which
leads to blood flow to all tissue of
your body
 Affect the intercellular calcium
levels in the heart muscle,
leading to increased force
contractility
- Leads to increased cardiac
output
- Increased renal blood flow and
increased urine production
- Decrease renin release and
decrease blood volume
 These effects decrease the
workload of the heart and help
to relieve CHF. Congestive
heart failure
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES – Originally
derived from FOXGLOVE OR
DIGITALIS PLANT
DIGOXIN – is the drug most often
used to treat CHF
- It has a very rapid onset of
action and is available
parenteral and oral use,( mo
take effect dayun ang
DIGOXIN)
- It has a very narrow margin oof
safety ( the therapeutic dose is
very close to the toxin dose )
- Hold dose if HR IS 60 BPM
PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS
- SECOND CLASS CARDIOTONIC
DRUG
INAMRINONE – is available for IV use
and is approved only for use in
patients with CHF who have not
responded to DIGOXIN, diuretics or
vasodilators
ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS – also a
type of cardio vascular drugs, it will
prevent and also treat ang mga
abnormal heart rates
  Affect the action potentials of  This characteristic makes these
the cardiac cells altering their drugs preferable in condition
automaticity, conductivity, or such as tachycardia, in which
both sodium gates are often
 Because of this effects, frequently
antiarrhythmic drugs can also  The class 1 drugs are local
produce new arrhythmias or anesthetics or membrane
PROARRHYTHMIC stabilizing agents
 They are used in emergency
CLASS 1A -depress phase O of action
situations where the
potential and block sodium prolong
hemodynamic arising from the
the duration of the action potential
patient’s arrhythmia are serve
channel
and could potentially be fatal
EXAMPLES OF CLASS 1A
- QUINIDINE
- PROCAINAMIDE
- DISOPYRAMIDE
CLASS 1B – actually shorten the
duration of the action potential
- Block the cardiac sodium
channel
CLASS 1 - LIDOCAINE
ANTIARRHYTHMICS ( MEMBRANE - - MEXILETINE
STABILIZING AGENTS / SODIUM - - APRINDINE
CHANNEL BLOCKERS - PHENYTOIN
- TOCAINIDE
 DRUGS THAT BLOCK THE
SODIUM CHANNELS IN THE CLASS 1C – block cardiac sodium
CELL MEMBRANE DURING AN channel
ACTION POTENTIAL - With resultant extreme slowing
 They bind more quikly to of conduction
sodium channels that are open - FLECAINIDE
or inactive - ENCAINIDE
- PROPAFENONE
CLASS 2 ANTIARRHYTHMICS: BETA-
ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS
- BETA BLOCKER
 COMPETITIVELY BLOCK BETA -
RECEPTORS SITES IN THE
HEART AND KIDNEYS.
THEREBY:
- DECRESE HEART RATE
- DECREASE CARDIAC
EXCITABILITY AND CARDIAC
OUTPUT
- SLOWING CONDUCTION
THROUGH THE AV MODE
- DECREASING THE RELEASE OF
RENIN
- THIS EFFECTS STABILIZE
EXCITABLE CARDIAC TISSUE,
AND DECREASE BLOOD
PRESSURE
 DECREASES THE HEART’S
WORKLOAD AND MAY
FURTHER STABILIZE HYPOXIC
CARDIAC TISSUE
 THIS DRUGS ARE INDICATED FOR THE
TREATMENT OF SUPRAVENTICULAR
TACHYCARDIA ( SVT) SUPRA
VENTRACULAR AND PREMATURE
VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS (PVC)
 CONTRA INDICATED IN THE PRESSENCE
OF SINUS BRADYCARDIA 45 BPM
CLASS 2 AGENTS
- PROPRANOLOL
- ACEBUTOLOL
- METROPOLOL
- PINDOLOL
CLASS 3 ANTIARRHYTHMICS
 Blocks potassium channels and
slow the outward movement of
potassium during phase 3 of
the action potential
 These actions prolongs the
action potential
 INDICATED FOR:
- LIFE – TREATENING
VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS (
AMIODARONE,
BRETYLIUM,AND SOTALOL )
- CONVERSION OF RECENT –
ONSET ATRAIL FIBRILLATION
OR ATRIAL FLUTTER TO
NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM
(IBUTILIDE AND DOFETILIDE)
- Maintenance or normal sinus
rhythm after the conversion of
trial arrhythmias DOFETILIDE,
SOTALOL
CLASS 3 AGENTS
- AMIODARONE
- IBUTILIDE
- DOFETILIDE
- SOTALOL
CLASS 4 ANTIARRHYTHMIC
AGENTS: CALCIUM CHANNEL
BLOCKERS
- DEPRESSING THE GENERATION
OF ACTION POTENTAILS
 - DELAYING PHASE 1 AND 2 OF
REPOLARIZATION
- SLOWING THE CONDUCTION
THROUGH THE AVNODE
INDICATED FOR:
- SUPRAVENTICULAR
TACHYCARDIA (SVT)
- CONTROL THE VENTRICULAR
RESPONSE TO RAPID ATRIAL
RATES
CLASS 4 ANTIARRHYTHMICS
- DILTIAZEM
- VERAPAMIL
- BEPRIDIL
-