ABES Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad EXPERIMENT NO: 04 OBJECTIVE: Measurement of power and power factor in a single-phase ac series inductive circuit and study improvement of power factor using capacitor. APPARATUS REQUIRED: Experimental setup consists of the following components fitted on the experimental panel. (i) Digital Wattmeter — o (ii) Digital Ammeter — 03 (iii) Digital Voltmeter —- oOo (iv) Lamp Load — oO (v) Inductive Coil — o (vi) Capacitor — o (vii) Patch Cords THEORY: Power in a single-phase AC circuit with inductive load (combination of resistance and inductance) is given by P = V x1 x cosp P = Power consumed by load in Watts. V = Load voltage in volts. 1=Load current in Amps Cos ¢ = Power factor ofthe load For the circuit consisting of wattmeter, voltmeter and ammeter to record the values of power consumed by the load, voltage across the load and current drawn by the load, the power factor can be calculated as P VxI Power factor, cos @ Power factor angle of load, p = cos“? VxI Wi dy a My ao Worant T | e @) ounce q {> or}For the circuit given in Fig 'I' Active Power, P = V x 1x cos (watt) Reactive Power,Q =Vx1x sing (Var) Apparent Power,S.= V x I (VA) Because of the inductive nature of load active as well as reactive power in a such a circuit is supplied by source to the load, pay a y Ss (Caren 1 “4 ) A SOURCE D [By adding capacitor in parallel with load as shown in Fig 2, some of the active power is supplied by the capacitor depending upon value of the capacitance added in parallel with the load resulting in reduction of apparent power (S) supplied by the source and hence value power factor of the circuit being cos = 2 increases. Resulting in improvement of power factof. CONNECTION DIAGRAM: Without Capacitor me Sid {An} y ax 3. 1] \ R qu f Fig 3! iaIVVVUVHOVVRVOAOSUYEUPS GCUUVUVVEVOS FF SESS LS Fig PROCEDURE: 1. Make circuit as shown in fig 2. Switch on the supply by keeping Variacein minimum position and rheostat in maximum resistance position. 3. Increase the voltage to some value say 90V and adjust the value of resistance so that current in the circuit is approx. 0.2 Amp. 4. Record the values of Ammeter A; as Is (Source current), Ammeter Az as 1, (Load Current), Voltmeter V as V;, (load voltage) and wattmeter as P (acti power consumed by load) and calculate the value of load power factor as tabulated in table-1 (Without Capacitor). 5. Switch off the supply. 6. Connect capacitor in parallel with load (Series combination of resistance and inductance) as shown in Fig '4' without disturbing the position of Variac and theostat, 7. Record the values of Ammeter Ai as Is (Source current), Ammeter A2 as I, (Load Current), Ammeter As as Ie (Capacitor Current), Voltmeter V as V, (load voltage) and wattmeter as P (active power consumed by load) and calculate the value of load power factor as tabulated in table-2 and calculate the power factor, 8. Compare the power factor calculated in table-1 and table-2 and caleulate the improvement in power factor, 9. Repeat the step 3 to 8 for different values of voltages.Table-1 (Without Capacitor) Ss. vy P Is h, No. (Volts) | (Watts) | (Amp) | (Amp) | 6S? = z= Table-2 (With Capacitor) Ss. vy P Is I | Te = No. | (Volts) | (Watts) | (Amp) | (Amp) | (Amp) | COS? = 5 xs CALCULATION: Calculate the power factor for each reading of Table-1 (Without Capacitor) and Table-2 (With Capacitor). RESULT: Power consumed by the circuit remains unchanged on connecting capacitor C across the load but power factor improves, PRECAUTIONS: 1.Connect the voltmeter and ammeter as per the circuit diagram, 2.Increase the value of capacitor slowly after fixed interval of time. 3.Take reading accurately.