Waves, and Oscillations | 0 We mew thet te motion op Phoysical bocl iS, way be classit rect Tate shen eateporieg nomely troelations) root and vibratienel or oscillatory amstion: ‘Translation! Motion %5 Resusee el QY te posit a} 9 Yoaby- Varied linearly with Hime ther Auch meting gave called tvamdations) motions, eT @hey a tall Yelle on Th good ov teain moved on 4 Stsaight teach) Stear usaved rolling, sporsards Ake beach ete. Vibyationsl or Ogeillatesy Vstiva, > A omeotin } 4 tbely tha repeats itself after regular 'totervale Sf times and when tHe body moves bac ond forth over fe kame lath ie called Vibratimal ov oceiMectory motion - egy Ae oneillakiens of ak sone e} a sealing bersen, th PF AS oy te pendulum cloclr, peat: of Hest ete ave iy \iorakiens) snetion, ‘Motion OSH.) of a partele fy a periecic mation jens) its Ateplacemer dt fom I ic A dixected tousorde equilibsinm ticle is Aaid to be Aimble frente, ‘Scanned with CamsesnnerKinear She) > tthe mation is paid to be linear Simple Hane nie ametiony BM tte Astplacernent of 4 borrticle encecating- sm i Rimear. “Whe examples ave tle motien sf Simple pendulum, tle motion fd 0 Pernt macy Yied with 4 sheng en Angeles 4D Tthe castiry te fail to be ample Sm » ak te ais secret” * a particle etecating S107 ig omngnlanr the excammples oh Nay Shim ave torsional oscillations anal oscillations eP 0 le pendulum | Resential endition for SHAM 9) ae ay ber 1) * fetthex? acecdershion amd x le tle Areblacement Senn fe a, Poaitid then te escemtal toncition bev gum i E \mneat mt QR oc be te cemgste lay " accalerstion and @ be He angular dhcplacernert fom the = peatiens then ty wolitiey dow “a HanmDideyential Lquotisn ob Shi. 4 ® det us onsider a fertile ef smnate om executing 6m Conny aly 9 ghrniglil We ith ac ac HS dliaplacement Qrem the mem partion at oo time t, “Wen restoring Cren oe eI we papetionn| te te ds placement amd atl Ge diected oppecite te tis, <2 Ke ae FE Kx of Fa-kx “0) | ters ON prbetioaltye tonctonts amd Kerman a Fe Peree Coston. i ea PX kx ao qa? ov Vox +Kx20 ? re o rc a etting Kew we have. eux =o til ° A ‘Scanned with Camsesonera x = (erty) Cost + (iey-de, ) Sinut Ret att, = Asimd, Cede, = ALocg oy MS A Sing esl ot4 ALE Yost [x = A Sin(ot +S) {Gi Thr is te dewred elution, which Fives te ditplatement oh te pottle executing SM. at ne Inetont 4 time. Here A is Be madmum diehlacemert te bartrele, im eqn Gil) we rebate + by ta AT then ve have, 2 m= ® din fe@rat) as) = A &y (wot tan +8] = & Sin&t +8) Hence use Pima thal ihe motion ic webeated alter an totenal of ne foo ANS trterva) tsi!) be He time persed eh tte SMM ond is giem by pK ar w Ale wrote s ea OF US < 4 kK pawns = 5,7 Ends Piase Me Quen tty (err 8) te Kmeon ag te hace of te Vieratings forttele. G2 t=0 then whas o do fe th toitval rate oi be 8 3h 9 penal starts motion from ite mean pesition then A taill be 2, Wout IP tt stents mmetity Srorn MR eactveme fpesttion then 4 wall he Scanned with CamconnerNelo and acecleyation, > ® the particle executing 8H. ig oalleat 4 hermonte oceillators we kro Tet wo Admtet+s) 0 Differenticte oot time, we get as wae BA Cot (ot td) —O) =A [jp aPewers) = WLR nteiPcwtrg) Be wip -@) Tht ow Me exprestion Say veledy y Au partie ot amy diqheemest me The analmuen veleity ie clrtaned by puting x=0. Wenge, = Uh Stee xo cervetbenlt te the Mean podtieon. “the farttcle has Tact mtn Veleaty when tic at meon position, Qt Ale extreme petitim ve x= A ms8 rt tise eqn Dever Mme we at dw = — aw’ cin(ott 8) at ast w sat A 6 iNading pertele at omy 7 yt = hd ited Brees 9. ‘Scanned with CamsesnnerWan Gy p minh Torte v y Rarmoenrc ec). The total energy ia Simble Narmenie eceillater at amy bein would be tle Rm of KE omd PE. 1 a, Total emerqy = RET KE yy eat Pr tthe potential energy da apteg given oy te amennt a users dene fo meve tl Ayster from? 0 to against Hy, este foree ie given a ea ra a im H Pe = [Fax 2 [oF dx 3) [rea ; 3 ° z RE = ter = Lea sin cwtts) —O a he KE f {le Stermenre oceillator Ue KE = ae Es aon cat (LOE SD “eaves totl enesyy E a} te Harmonic occillafor ean be ee obtained r. Bc Limatan Cotta) + ¥ wale eatentso[’ s) ce = JL marae fi sinttatat) + wt? (nits) ] a ae se ao Et Gontant ot ie obviw that Kee or RE. Weld be heme af ‘Scanned with Camsesnner® We Knee cthat tle tn feet Viloration, , mo Svictional farce werintance WW afered. i pameh orcitledion, “Ie amplitude ahold semain Constr and tote! eneryy of tu Jayson wil) vemato Grnoternt, Therefore the Yoedy uss Keb 9 Niwredting: iadabinstcly and Auth Worations ave called Aree \ibrations of Undombed oneittations, But ty veal pituallon, ow Yneve is dlionys Rerme eriztamee afteved to Ite seillating uyster Jy real Reyte Ya Noedy het inte Vilwationg wil] bave i ammpivinde centntiusly dcereaning BRST et cist residence amd ke AW Wbrotiong sil] die oper Aeme time, The motion fa ward te be dumped by ~te frictiog amd id calied as Aonped vilowedienh Sip when a pendulion ts dishlared Yeum i mes \osition , St padletez sith q tecrenaing ona plitude amd Pmelly Caned ts tle rest. Suppor 9 aystem has 9 boty of mase mq attached T° ne bbsing, onstont % Ke Pgein tonsider oe fo be Ate Aiplacement of Te ely feo Ye equililorium Atote ot BD instet time: Here twe tyes Oy A zestering Jeree, (Fy to le dis placement ne amd acta ty Te ekposte direction, Drece, (Fy s yr) wher © papain) ag © Sok ) Je Ae velecity amd in spbotely clivected te ite motion. Cy Rees ave acting wo the Wood = kx) ebeh is poperten! ‘Scanned with Camseanner“the total force acting em tly body ik thus given by Foe—kx- 4 isa Foe -Kx- 18 Vue 4 ew mas Bee Se 2 13 Fema’) ~ ya 2 bat oy ms ay VE 13 f= | 2, Apeee coc = 0 oy aC Am yp See Yack wr ee ce ie L aml K oe y we pet 4 2 Qs oe ie Axe pwr so — <1 ee ot Ut AlPeectil 79 of dovped herrenic pacillater < L Se a be p= hoy De ES | st pradoel'C ‘Scanned with CamsesonerCantey t -g- fei )t © x= — Ser tahere Ph Amd Ay AE arbiter] cometarcta, the adual Alution debends abo whether Cy 19% Pout ond 2407 : este -D? ey. Hie term [n> i vesl omd leh thag £. Therefore beth experente Ve Hea hear and -Sq{SEt tH egg Gi) ave negative. Doe te thie Teer We dishlacement 2¢ contina thy Aecrenkeds exberentiolly to Rok without egensing ony prallactioy , This mmetiry ig Knnan 96 overdamped. 3m thic cone Aewbing 8 large ad aystery com net otcillotte . ey at the toh: aq "| doers is skeing- te rade heyy thot adomatiolly « Core Whey g => Gee this case eqn dw met batishy att an Gd eajere het je ie met exeetly equed to Zero but iF is enolase! quently Bore 8) ep (“srt +A, eb cs-b)t eqn Gy ved ‘Scanned with CamseannerYeom this ey. Mis cleaved that 98 inevenses tle form (e+ qt) mevesses bat We Marin GA? dba vexed, when we — tombare cakes Fond FT it ie noticesl that eel tha’ tle exponent est (9 cake while (4 tsa ore than ct tm cate F. co im coset Ale perdele acquires ith, mean posen hilly Aye coke Tn, “tris he Sf erection 18 called emtical demped motion, eq Reanbles ave voltmeter, ammeter ete. 1 There frstrumenta, tle pointer moves to Ne Cowrect position) amd comes to vlle seat oostheat an Oked|lactioms - : Cae SEE er pee is | a eo = ifes eip whee ee ee GHD cam be vsritlen Ob ns) may wots X= —stip’ ot {amet ts cnet] ptt AOS ant] Bcc [La sing 8 tehere eu 2¢e ia etm, +8) Asm 4, = FRE we =k ‘Scanned with CamsesonerDifteren © Underped aceillations Barbe | decillahiong A They occur in tk absence of L they occur Mm tle presence of pearstamte fo Th Noviativn 4} webintavce ty tle Yasiatien of the Phyareal | quomtiy, physical quantity & Motion te ctictly periodic od Motion ia -aet Strict periodic Sem, amd Sng, & Me amblitele yf fle oscillations The omplitude a} No acciflactions Imi comerarct. FO 87 decreasing Uo No ditsipatioy of energy oreurs fy eneray is Comtinuousty dissipated . S- Osdllationn wnt qnre Pale nitely. IS Oscidations cease after ome time - Relator Ge i WL Hime Aaken by dambecl harmenie occillaterr Aer decaying tel mechanics) emery by Uh factor Lo Te Wnitial value. Selonatiey time it 0 menwre of Ne exk ede 2 destiny Ane mechanics] energy 8{ We ateilistor et ois Eas maa (onp) = 4m wre Ee {oo aeb= ane =a) dime, then ot time t= Te esc Se = Jor lover den ing- ‘Scanned with CamsesnnerQuality fo alnty Rack ‘rote “Tre qoatity 4 cna Har ol, Be tg defied os aT mes HL antiy of energy ste veal Ty Au syste ty He energy loot per oydde. e Qe a x eneryy sored ty Ve _gyttern wh Ary drank enery} lost per cycle. Q= ax E PART tehere P= Poser dicaibation, Tw We periodic time. eee | wx = 0) a T ea Ry ve sign tmadicates tle loas R dissibection = 4€ t- Se fy = - RL \ Sf emespy eoith, tnevense in He ale oe Kee tet € = Eo eet =) Rs ae. meee: *S 2s) eed G -ast gi) = es ac E€ gt ic Cleav tut te vals ap selection bigeer value of 4, ‘Scanned with CamsesnnerEorcet Oscillator ® we Kmno what in Umdarmbeal andl dlnped Vibrations, Ae toely vibrates ith As oon frepency without being Hated to any extemal forces “the different Btuatiey arises if du loody ie placed to an extemal force while it & Vibrating. These Vibrations age. Known a¢ freed Vibrations. ef iP a beb of pioble penduluny ie held im Wend and they given number ob Assioga by the hand. Jn this Cake, “Ne pendulum viloyates Aue to ectemna) force ond net due te its natural Frequency» So forced vibratier& con oles Tes defined ag thy Vibrations im which tle hedy Vilbvetes with Frequency other Hw ite maheal sequeney y thith ie due to fame extemal perietic Poree. The toning fork Bale one Of tle exarnples HL Sereeel Vibrations. Vilfesentind ego | Paseed oceilator Ne SL matt m is Subpere a parte mected to a Aprings they i & displaced Fa. Connects: Awern tq mean beaten, th oteillations are stated and te particle y perience) Aileen Acinkk of Herced j a Restoring Poree Fy = Kx oh Beamoy free fy =a de periedic doce = F sinect ‘Scanned with CamsesonerPat 5 Mm Lsee,keuw, & 2} ve 7 Te eD becomes 5 te + as Ue + tx - } Sioost = th whee voy is tle veturel frequency te Forced oscillator: @ &B th dviving Rocce frequency: dn ty Steady etate (“The bernvionr ef tle opeillectes after tHe rqatoval sscilledtions have died out rs called Steady etede ) We aslutien op tle absve equahen sheld be. x = ASim Ust-8) - whee Aw te amblitnde af vibsations by the steady site. By differentiating eqn GD wenh £ we have. 7 2 Be = eosCut-s) end 43 -- HA 8m (ot-$) Ww Yuk Ate Values fe % amd es in qnae we et orp sinligt-8) FRSA Cos (ot-8) HH." Sinciot-) =} sw{(ut—3)+8} 2) sintist-8) +2S0A qesdot-S) = £ gots) (8S +) Cos(tat-&) Sin$ “V Re cya w) Walls goed tex alll values ft, then tle Coefficients ein (wt-g) and Cok Cot—s) annst be eqval on bsth lle sider. > > RoYow ‘Scanned with Camsesoneros he ® a Re Crate ) auswry > pr [et-ory +4 oye 4 L ia’ ie Gent ust (ate Fy uct aan 8 = ES ss) tee- oe Jaen eqns (ivi) amd (eo, $f is clear that amplitude and phere ef tte Feveed ogcillationa depend ubon te deiving Peequency (>) and +a snatural frequency Gr) 4 ke obaillater. ease TAY Vey low deiving Sreopency fe Wd ov YO 2. Under se ase 0 Case TL ‘Scanned with Camsesoner“Tris “ty aishacergentt lag belind “tle fore by a phase af Ty, AS X= H Sin Cit -3) amd lle applied Qevee ig F siqot, Case yeny lexge Asiving Foequerey ie wry, since ww & very large wey ute ene CF tot ome 2 Semel 2 ted (ee Phase $2 tas (4) 2 tes (2) 4 ” =0 ge rol 88) mes) 2 ou OS ) Le AG displacement Vays behind tle forse by & phate ol TT, anes This aly Condit) when Ses and natural Srequencsst ase nals 1© es 4N Condition when tt Aecing Frequency oA cle metered Jeequency mate tsith each other ig kaon as wetpmes. At te werenance, tLe amplitude of oacillations reachoy {hs Cie ey Suiting Aisglaned | Lovidyes etc. hive one oy wnexe satura) Jesquemetats 3 Aud a prenchre is Anbject to 9 dsiving Asequemey Cs) ashy is equal tr Ore of ile natvral frequencies Ch) , he ebtiiatiogg whi have large ainplituete thet can have disnatvens effed Ve A callepte of crores and bridees fn earthaanteer « shoe fe variation al aniplitnee na Sreqnency 63 a ‘Scanned with Camsesoner