(iil) Collection of minerals : The monsoon region is rich # important occupation of the people of this region. Th has large reserves of coal, iron ore, limestone, slot? rica an avi, The in ets oF yas © 8 ssindustial ihe iL, COREE 24 mineral ofl and naturel 22s. (iv) Moder industries and future prospects : The region Raw materials are eveilzble which come from agricuttuta) well developed network of roadways, railways congenial environment for humafrsetiement fave ised = ee most thi je |. Some of the thickly populated regions of the world acc of Ba towns and cities of the world are located in the monsoon ci towns are Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai of India, Dhake myenmar, Bangkok of Thailand, Hanoi of Vietnam and Phnom per of aaahit fedtan ae fo "1, The Mediterranean Climatic Region: Wot tent Hee 4g Location : The Mediterranean type of climate occurs, in regions PE parallels of latitude in the western margin of the continents. The Climate is named Mediterranean for its wide extension around the Mediterranean sea. /—This climatic region includes thé Mediterranean "> _eoastal strip offeurope (Italy, ~ ‘France, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Yugoslavia), Asia (Turkey, Isreal, Syria, Lebanon) pndjAtrica ( Libya, Algeria, Moro fields, mines Besides these; California of North America, Central chile of South America, region of south-western Africa and south-east and south-west of Australia CHOY be rranean type of climate. Characteristic of climate : The main characteristics of the Mi the following : (1) summers are hot and dry ; (2) winter are ainfall is moderate (ranging) between 85 cm and 100 cm) ; temperature does not fall below 10°C, and (5) a large amount of sunshine, summer, is experienced. yoy bebe - ; t Mh peer editerranean climate me mild and moist ; (3) te (4) usually the te Pe1d sons! IMAG HENS 1 4y vy HW WIE Hee 08 Ae (eee i oe deen bin (dualunen) po ey “Temperature » yi) \polenn) be Aish Temes Hee j Mediterranean, climatic region 1s rite for 1 winter The’ average temperature during suramner tate te 20°C and 26%c, whéfed? dean winter terniveratl® | varies Tom _S°C to 19°C ; the/meah annual temperature | | about 15°C to 17%, Wintel ar" BlewSHR and comfortable. | Temperature, generally does not fall below freesing pol | Occasional fall of temperature below freezing, point is finite ee - few nutes to a few hours only. aintall: As ar ent of the Sufi towards t esult of the apparent movernt Sh “aad an id. south,the pressure belts ari des belts of the earth shift in the north-south directi fe lati | » . —— between 30° and 45° north and south come under the influence of the west_wind in winter and dry trade wind ins L eee the Mediterranean regions receive rainfall in he and-summers are left rainless (the characteristics JS J"), err, reverse of the monsoon climate), he BE inl varies ett ee pad 7 oe a eal the main characteristic of MeditertahiTt beceriber anid Mager, ir rainfall ranges between 37 cm and 165 cm, It occurs betwee” or Rihere ae Northern hemisphere and between May and September in Southern WEA.°" Tvs: ies Bee n May an onic. stort, Mary local meds westerlies bring this rainfall associated with some “yclonit SITE. some hot and some cold are common in the Mediterrarieat! region, These strength, duration, and direction. Some are + Sirocco (hot (cold) and Gregale (cold), Biodiversity xm Flora oF Natural Vegetation : in the Mediterranean clirnate, iter i moist ; summers are hot and.dry..Hence, the plants gram mainly Oe Wi” ”% vegetation chiefly consists of small trees. 2 eet f Suttittot AOA pain jfaiontint en Ftp wig OT AMIEL SE RE | Fig. ty ), mistral (Old), Trarcentares ets Bre thE and shrubs. They need 10 against loss of moist i mer drought. Some have 5 S of moisture during the sum ie) leases (hiore', _. _ Fi8-6-11: Biodiversity of Mediterranean climatic region SNe) wires mw Topp ed,_ We ooh cork cnt, ch fig and offue are the FF esate eon. Sorts incude i Te we-enown for Ger farenes OF 'S Gerstore not importent. Horses. SSE in tt are resed F a as places Ib Sein, metho stess are reared. Comels _coton and maize in humid ond irrigated Feered on the mulberry trees and these _ 3. Mimeral wealth : This region is not rich in mineral ¢ SE some places. Califomis is noted for mineral oil. Iron ore is mined & im Chile, meccory marble and suiphor in Italy and gold in California 4 industry - Leck of coal and iron ore hinders the development of heamy Most of the industries, therefore, trural and orchard prosuets materiak. Grapes are used in wine making. It is the foremost i det keep cxePi — reed *d pe nee regi Lervmend= — Somer lore, NE TeBiOn. Other dusts include oles kine, fruit can . ee eis, light engineering and handicrafts. rid, The clear sunny Weather omernla Nas some of the largest oil refineries in the world. Industries of th, of the Mediterranean a ae film indus. Hence, the great fen her and scenie world are located around Hollywood in California. The cea vast has flourishes peauty of the "siterranean costs atrat tours ence, Quis Indust os is pleasant Population ang Town : The population is moderately high as tI rm e pleasant climate and healthy. No hard labour is necessary to earn living here. Thus tl cople has enabled make the people tog easily contented. The time and leisure of os ee civilizations the Progress of new thoughts, ideas and civilizatons. Some of t fe e flourished in this of world, such as, the Greek, Roman and Egyptian civilizations in Greece, Los Angeles region, Among the famous cities and towns Rome in Italy, Athens tstralia, Cape Town in in California, Perth in Western Australia, Adelaide in south-east Au: are notable. South Africa, Lisbon, in Portugal and Marseilles in southern France . iW The Tundra Climatic Region : \VTthe Tundra climatic region is found mainly north of the Arctic circle in the Northern Hemisphere. During summer melting of ice in this region cause a type of algae to grow. This region is named after the _ pame of the “ese ) | Location : The Tundra climatic region lies 662°N latitude near Arctic circle, in Northern part of Canada in jorth Ameri Alaska ; i i renee of Euro) eT Norway, Sweden and Finland, in Siberia (Asia) andin maid zone along the Coast of Greenland.) isphere also has this A narrow portion along the coast of Antarctica in Southern Hemisphere also has type of climate. Climatic characteristic ; This climate is characterised by cool summer and long and severe winter. me temperature of the warmest month in June is about 10°C. Not more sree four mon hs the temperature is above the freezing point. Though the sun does nat set or ; * months during summer, the temperature remains low because the sun is very low in the sky and much of its faint rays are reflected by the ground snow. Be Jae me Tair — = HA aad re - Southern Ceo Fig. 6.13: Tundra Climatic Region.CLIMATIC. REGIONS S109 SO ory and 100 em grow dwarf trees bush: Tainfall, the Forests thin out into thorny scrubland with SASS QW) The regions of low an ty rainfall produce ass 0) TH coastal margin grow plenty of aut And pokn trees, (vi) On the tidal ee OS aay 2O'S BNE Tain fall bene es, acacia and With a dacroas cacti and thorny Rg. 8S: Roatersny oy Moran Regions or Native Aninvals : The monsoon forest presents 3 wide variety of herbivorous CH as tiger, Ate, The Tears of Sundarhans and minocerous of Assam jungle are famous in ards are found. The noted SOOkS of the Monsoon ragions ane eats St © Economic Environment and life styl Y and goat. tropical monsoon climatic ragion is densely populated and so most of the monsoon, deen cleared for agriculture, The natural environment and climate here are for agriculture, The important human activities are ¢ Agriculture : Agriculture is practised on a subsistence basis, Now-a-days improved method of agriculture, irrigation, high Yielding’ variety of seeds and modern cultural “machineries are introduced. As a result a wide variety of crops are s7own, depending upon rainfall temperature, soil and character of land, On v fertile rice is grown in summer In winter wheat and barley are produced as_rabi TORS IW Grier parts jowar, bajra_and ragi are grown. Sugaresne, cotton, jute, robscoo_f8a, coffee, ‘Oilseeds ett. are also cultivated. Of these tea, jute, cotton, coffee_and tobacco are produced as cash crops, Mulberry tres sre grown for rearing silk worm, Fruits like mango, banana are also grown, Collection of forest products : The forests in monsoon lands are used for timber nd other forest products. Valuable. timber of sal_teak, sandalwood, mahogany are available in the forest. Medicinal plants, dye, lac, resin and other products are also obtained from the forest. :