Handbook of Hydroelectric Engineering P.S. NIGAM“ Rneace “howe age in rerch onthe sear tebsiout af se rsa i ne ni Es Shevgel toe te ploneng wrk ee by see he jer Treveacher,wudens tnd edgy wow nd Frail ert theiga ample aly eked on gs ibe end ofthe chapter tod trates maybe eee oor Seg ‘rane trace He Gn ge tn wi 0 ay mise be ‘cheapie dy sama ‘red gv tena f hem nthe aban he se day om aaron ofthe constant cooperation given BY 0 SMa tate ene sw yee {har tine wiih wesw fr thie teveaonom secant of ‘nv being by wing th handbook RS.NIGAM Seper 29,1978 Pat A Contents Ger Design of Hyde Paver Sracves E Seelam | SL Typo Hrdopome Schone 19 32 Type of Declopment © Bod oe ‘Hydralle Chast heads ‘elton capac tata amnion 34 Delmer 8 AL Head Race Chaat 2 ee wih pape es2 ge Tale toaton pe ont 45 Unie fr ita Tsk 9 36 Tube ged Babb S12. Binenon oftn Inga Thine 67 ‘Potion © 06 Ree Tobi ” er Tatodacten ” Dimmioning of Power Howse 78 Spa i wee oe Pot B Layo of Hydric Schemes cuarren 7 ewARAcTaRISTiCS “OF DIFFERENT 22 erate & cuarran, cuarrer 8. LAYOUT OF LOW HEAD SCHEMES a au lanes of Low Head over Sear eer ir coumn HIGH & MEDIUM HEAD SCHEMES an ry 33 Fringed Storage Plans sa Mediom Head Shes a UNCONVENTIONAL LAYOUTS OF HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENT Gener vo stan ne ‘plays power bone we Roi any «Powe niin Greta Shak ty ‘Tor Quaton 0 Hparopower tePert © Insetigetin & Planing of Sehmes cunrren as 12. frtimiaty Ressiy Rept PERE 3 Beale et pe FR) 18 PRESENTATION OF PROJECT REPORT Pe were (0g ur Pome Moje (Diesen) 2 126 Gel tpn ft re HYDROLOGY AND WATER 1.1 Water Avi -Depedabiin vay Rec cto loping care ~ ‘Wat Regie wh oat {one ad Sree cuarrex contents 8 1S Ee tai iB 146 Benign So Sune an Scena 17 Spectr Hye Bleie 40 Eee such Lite 149, ier Bsa Factors ‘att Subs fae ea (GENERAL PLANNING {So rw eign exam 204 Chesca of Sram lowe ives Mati a9 te arse agincarren, conTENTS: “hea prt op: 16 OUTLINE DESIGN OF STRUCTURES cations Apron Tv ‘ok shapt Ska of ls De 186 Gatti cain on ‘Aruageen of oi works Be ign of utes Tanto hope 235 167. Ban twe Condo Sem To bent be or Aezregates Masry mtr, 25. cmt che Be 12 Pesane Orpaation Ea 578 ig oi - opt PooNOMIcs OF THE PROJECT 181 Cin Bima 20 182 Propet Channon 28 cnn CHAPTER 18 cuapran 20 contents 2 18 mae of ont for Unt Had Sor Maroney Dam; Con Dam Spiny Ons Tae hone Suge taf Petocs, nae Sra ont tes Bae a te ro Cg tte son srverenss sees A anc 5 Nicest Se ee 20.2. ocaon of Apo and Trask £14 Bnd Typical owes or Gatestn and fs. React Type fake amcontents eos si ante e 3 m3 Eman tits we Nbr sf tachine i x ono {Pins Type of ca sg shapes ofr vei, atapec Waaged & Zahara Rother or mute sears “Mig wtih echo opr Creep oP er Diaconate pin Read Sil Rens, Teetons Aap eal pas 226 ert Ho Power a OT Drainage sytem Dearing 22 Hoc ling ative Lt Une Selene of Foun {ye sts oe Sh won under igi Footing wih ae iit Paes. rae Mee 0 Ds om cgupmnt pps 42 229 Paimati loud Fae 95 ‘VIBRATIONS IN POWER STATIONS Frame Reonnte mehodsAmpt fede Meta, Combined eed 508 EA Hyder Sn lng tinpecenteal a 6Cunrren 26 26: Stplied Anat Dynamic a Ise Eucla cnghnctone 521 osgn Example 2 supsrauctuRE ‘ihe or pierwcne on 8 ‘oil ana Tempera nd Sintage ase Poncho a 55 Sree cated by cocina 4362 Sra fr het 284 Daga Pscge rs Pes Eaaipee oe 65 Gintaion Dat ofSgee charrer 27 HAPTER 20 contents a SPIRAL cast PA Hyde di no 28 Ces (Smunee oes ah rial operating Bese Prepa any ns Se fay cma meee aL , mtogoes pea coenitaron FOUNDATION i Gongs amg Cao, ‘ong da st ae Bracket) 282, Coos Foo Fe tara toon The Ao fmsBrn of mace) 0 Design Examples an GHAPTER 79 CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE 84 Cimcrtingfsubarvtre 60 BL Spm King Fedoalene B52 238 Complain of Sperstucire 82 dagen 8h B14 Coneretng of Generator LUNDER GROUND FONER STATIONS ed Topographic 8 teedon Hyde Dyeamic Consider Pinto Layo Under ound 283, Roct London Power Howe Row "TIREE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS Sta tit or tee dno Meade (pica ef mode Cekng Clrag, Pte: Sew sing es) 2 M8 €xcelaiow = Tat Cbsins on Hy Power Sines 290 ‘eit P Other Sractres {VIL WORKS FOR SHITCHYARD Suited amen a 225, Yee Fn ey 226 Listing Anetra) 950 327 Giew akes (CB) 0 528 ie Suc Tome Foes "TUNNELS AND ARFURTENANGES = 20 SR0- Al Locking and Remacontents 587 ‘TumnelAppurteance ra 339 Theory of Sao Usted and “Tex Gonsons On Teele von Port Gate @ Vale 2 Thr cin of a S55 Stuer Dens of 2 Fld Whe Gas {Main boson feign Whee Sau Cae pines 036 (Gmcing of bors! gd, Water oa Deg of si ly Dele bine Grams ey ioe ee ee) HAPTER 36 cuarrer 30 ‘contents, i RADIAL GATE, 21 Gnd Drssin ts S83 Sts! Dyn of Rasa Gam 1102 S64 Owral Manag of Cate [caon ‘tthe si) ‘ios Doge Beamples 0 Ma Reber se S75. Mads ves Esruged sale 18 Sateen tes 9.5 Soegeed Mountng fal 169 520 Bootes wt HIGH HEAD GATES AND VALVES of High Pere Oe Ga 1203Guneren 40 S24 Fantom & yp of Yr SAP Msonemace of Gast Tn Qui Caer Pot H Trask Rack $03, iran of Trash ack 40g Type of Tras Racks HYDRAULICS OF TRASH RACK AE aetna 43 Relea ead osgn Baler 21, Vira Sa 422 Spacing of Trak Rack be 25 Shura Detgy of rah Rack ‘25 Startech Corton Siping Se Pee 6 481 General Haren 44 CHAPTER 46 483 Stier Walle 180 (OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF Aa Mechanic Raklog ‘gor TS Gated Mechanica Rate 1312 Part 1 Stl Potcks 451 Soul Dinnetr Ppt ts 1, Moti Dawe pat 12D TA Malye poate et 38 We Rope Rowing tse 132 Enmbeted Pease Bat 488. Sh Tekno of Set Pett 129 $89. Weg or Sel Fees 1 ‘he monde branes 130 S14 Pac Acconoiee st Popa of pate Welding plate 44 yarowate Tor i 489 Comminioing 18Go ! 13 Were Water Power Siam 7 This base sentifeprinle wt hee alned by Thomas ‘pw th cll rts ar ey geese HN Se aint Er sorting ering eth win geocafear hne2A fe pou fa watr eoesy im fe poonde t Bot pr mon te sgt wn ‘where he eine af te rin, enero mich i couple thine, Teles hae ‘Sroutpur ia Mowat and if the efBciency of generat fe ‘ental ye then te biowat produce woul Be sO oe te 76 wate AEE x a an short the expeion (1.2) can be dente as (hl) kw ‘when tonsa Sopending the oval elie oe i the vale a ¥ va fw 18 fr Tn MKS wis dhe work done by water cick, wh = eet hp of aie arabe wil OCHS AD gM ‘hen Zane neh power sha weal be equal 0 quer eo0 1 Hore Piney Maey™ 8) Si 000 aes ae EW = 980m a iy The dhcharge avaible in astra may Beiter inthe Ter and varie em tanon mao. 1 can be ae {Thu dichaege raise fatal ike ov arti acre keows as Rance Rv Shee atid sconing to wll nd ti tp 9 deepen Eno Im equations [2 and LA th een M(H) nda he ne fion ms Fig Ll sows 4 tpealtnvalton of Hydro tail water Inve when no water owing [2 bo Phe head eal fr Sing work onthe bie‘ WATER ROWER ‘hat the iene Bern, te tua Hendh a inlet ad Velriy hd The uae of enn lc, at the ston contre, tivded bpp harp") acorn doe Praha: high of wae alma that can be appt ly te prt athe etn coer Pa! had + Mean eight fhe actin amides sone snp itary rch le "Maines had "The sasimam eeady nt bend tng on mi ad Th nin ay mend sing om he Ten ofthe rer eee which are generally dg for ‘say ean the Re powte wont b se fe tye ving i of ho ee ‘aay be higher tan tsS0 sean chase and se Sean Po Thos, rm power maybe defined athe continous per whch woul! be nealetorwghoat the yar whe te Tenedary power the onal per slate ovr the Sim owe Jn sre wonton he ory wd cong i Hise at Fi or pn aie 4 en Fi “in ans wns ad soil oc po "Ti lod ft tan adox of the Jo carer being tteravoof tee average led aver adage. pend tothe Dk lad occuring tn hat porn “Thay thre ay De daly wesy, monly and yay on, 1s capactey The capacity of & power plane i dificult «define on tio in head, cary, spel and wee ‘Spo poe far, sad esperar ie 0 “Trl apc ‘eal nero generator leds pe aon2 Hydropower Structures elor gong ik the etic designing the varnu par Fe 21 Digrommat ach ln sng he sin ‘troup chanel ‘oreo "ge nat or or tanpor flog In such + cn pea peTRODUCTION 7 ea wat ie haa as 1s jor pai a he a ee pve thea HYDROPOWER STRUCTURES sight ealct more sil “There tomeines go a ‘rvied in hecho ter ae otal and raiabliy of table se fr he Jct of pri he power on fray stoovh wat nad sae tere en sopage a te oer {ition ie eit hatte ower chanel may breach de imay be ouany Mlometes away ffom te power sagan. In ‘ile to svat auch cntgecy mye had ped Sheng peso pring Sst fw ae fn he byepast i rpalted by nas of an automate ge ast yeaa by wate lel the vey. Bow the pp fas a ta ay ber machin tpn cgseg mail wich pom he ‘heraking gece done mec “An inte sate placed in slice water ace sty ap il a6 the ateamlses trnian. tense ro late water ove trough the fk wick cy genre “Thur the sr coc oven in Ailes above would tees of te heed race ms pc tnd io he re 22 Teaih head doen the peo my efceestering the enstoch age at povided between se bead sete! ad the ert ‘Seti uken by water Co How fm the versie he “The other purge of the curse tank it pretent the high Fro he sre tank the wate foes under premarin the pvick tent tbe we have For canrltiog and ele {ong the Sow rater so ay be ond eh pea tthe pnsock in he surge chamber aod downstate 23. Components of Main Power House Tel ot be out of pce hereto introduce 10 the reader Anporant comport of sper satin which are ered abe Fig 49 shoes © Gpial ction of hydelece over ta sowing hogan wa ems of side the power station the wate from the prick ents these Tes the fed rcumiten eng oa action impart to the incoming water an nial whiel component and 12d twtr unify to he arn ranne» HYDROPOWER" STRUCTURES CCOMPOSENTS OF MAIN FOWER HOUSE — 11api ig ote he debe sag « “Tha bine coin he daft abe and proves he seantion funn mente fete wae bun “lira sar vi he il a nd in “Ta poets poviethe conmigo roa and mal fo te georning uy and fen naps the lee ‘rerndwaaing (EO) ere which Sed fr tani ‘eps oftea gra and oe trie 24 Layout of Power Moore ‘ts par 2 induction wn ade oly 10 te componene ‘Shesay ster fete are mquedwhich are dr Batow end show Fi 2a-This fir sea an ‘ows thew of watery uchansat and cone an generstor and Unt by ot Maria Hal i haspace scp Ft an penratigeglpmeos ais sown tn Fi 23 ‘atin Bey int mca. in cotinnton of the Unit ay provide for banding af equipment dering ereton and ‘sintsance athe .OWT cre sa al ty nest Sib isthe aren whece outdone witching equipment a Hydropower Schemes A Types of Hydropower Schemes “Tecnico ander of devon of repo Siticul. Somerim the casdGeation ofdevelpment and the ower sting avemjted and cond. The spe of develop ‘Rope woul dapend open the geal you neangeren of ‘Seetoteshems fom tbe ike f wn im chase Fowever, te oad casein ofthe cna an be made il not bot a lace ere to mention that there ar 90 asd and fat sue abut the caseaton ef varow nme, Tice te caaeion ha oon ade inorder to spec he Stee can be cand lent way ender pura 32 Types of Development “They can be td on vious characte a» deta Bad on Hp css (Ran ofthe vr scheme (i) Pondage heme (i) Serge Sh Go) dal ple 0) Depress (Pumped worn sar” HYDROPOWER SCHEMES {Lon head plan opt SOM (i) Moda bead pat sa aon Gi) Hight plat gree than 200 8 (@) Cancers Fall pes) Dine Fal ee. “Midge ov Micro Pl wp 98207 (i) Low apeiy iam 0 o08 KW) Medic capac plate 100 Sooo At a) High aps plat on 1,004 and ave {0 Tolaed plant or iferconomand ey (8) “Dib Lona con't Lad? sation ype i) Tadeo pe and) Dadegron pe anton one fe) Renton Proper i) Miva fw 18) tape Bato omit cin: () Sil (5) Rock ‘lobe sess Ae the de inns te tamieaton ie bef the source of wer ‘vale br freer alain nthe character lh which 8 aa ict tpi! bow Torte one Aathe main gees in bi tp of ewlopnmat scheme war Row taeda enna the {o'mody the vehine ofwier witha A te ao tbe ‘ong ava ny tbe cr of aaa cations oy stone ha no inluenes onthe savage Of th "Tha oe ea) aie ee Samy maybe cna or © Depeedig pon the pga anes ma Be ead ‘eh burace oae ever monthiyaens de Ses: ane weyny ai 1 abou that medecation ithe water wir in ‘abype ofscemer would be morethin toe run oftherver Stra Sr vied witha ei ich ngs ‘til the el ference By th ‘scot the bigh ide level and he sseequrnt In ter dept othe onan ton Bats Dien Plt Where ta eof Su ing ad 0 avaltie admis ante of wo tea clip Sn pore can be geared yaoi main he apse ‘Since the deponon hanna ort te quan of wa ow hn whe ep than Pene Sge Sime Tashan ahemes vote ii for ran ot poe ding pn mand wea oe poet i rn on one amg ergy plant ep o the princi ht tonnes or pn ope ing fat tou when pomee ge te nt tn Pampig buck wn nt ce rors Sng open hor ailing, power from the system. : “To proven bed on eno ofopration a he TS om ey i egpli, hoe ae fl da yt be my Tie pina apo pang sag aon be (G) Recslaig ee gen he ong nd ai “Te Ie ado igh hea theme ha ade ov 30 tes Bide in pe in ae on ‘Seon town sow fl iio nn a ed iy Th hn sao apc of cated iy Many tt tray cp 16 power ston ac independent fre 6 wan i a i pa sah ot (lon pro an at). owe ston png per to met the sof the lot are ed a a pl, so Tino he’ dcp fhe va ype of deems a2 Gazid sd vd bet be ee pe Siciadwimcotscsn lesan bend wi ‘Boeing en a dpe si: ) Nach, (9) Thr (9) Row oes fat sd 8)” Ponage ame Po dp san: (4) tw poe pondag pat, (0) igh pat byaoag es (Ugh es impo! drags tn ; elicit who cant i ut le Ee pil ly ne ‘hater or pondage reer tae ‘Sica sponge theme bas proviton fe sore which {30 peng apr” 2 pondage an nied et sivas sera las “Bil Mee pa amb een op wt ane rage St ine in xeon aman may be pie lowes rueftheriver plas a2 pakiog stn prouning thar the. duon rece henge capa or tenerating eapacy canbe iocreaned then or fur ne" HYDROPOWER SCHEMES Sion ae as dowentenm rage wou be to Ela rem nv drei trea at aly er cst pace re men an SE Seating hues toon ape een “Tne conto fs ud sean (wid re See RT Ta ate arse the ERE the tbe during te" generating phase Te See eee BO MW ih S cpt af 3.00 PM ESR tw etn oe et oe seo an imepated pat i bth. comples and ‘Sntng whom edb ain.“ Se ee nrant to mat tieauleement ofthe tik ie the secondaries ae some ws ee ia Fete sing of i thaw ha pom Fr cticiy ganernion Gegfvnuable eis wes POWER STATIONS » [Bee o Sprint, our feat eyes of hyo power pln are pone Teh ior oe roan we ed in» thin Seunmes! Gy neate ct inde cane, "Tere any Be ont xpscty with ifting. beam arran ‘bythe outdoor stations ander the equipmeet” Hatches are nthe dr fe there en neater on andthe ence ‘The ayout fhe youre ation in reason to the thor ali (4) Teenn be acted ifthe eyo ivy me. (62) Comnrstion= HYDROFOWER SCHEMES. (G8) feean Wetec where aig are narow and are ‘sae oan asset 0 el es dcp ae ba (2) Laie fae rem (0) Bespin gt ei! (om nr i eon ed ee (pei ncn mab ie SSE nt dating ame ene ster ‘eigenen on te owing? (Bevel a pprnch whe power satin (a). Severity ola variant G6) pn ot er! wih esto grat a, (6) Tye sn neon "Toe war pany aout 0 10% AEE tact rn poo ogee git Bd Sereeat cP tian or sects eho fotvry ge mete Puen wha eo For lw and ‘ees hs propa ype (ado Rapan) at el whe [bri an ig hd Brn pt rd. POWER STATIONS 2 Seater ee el wn us mar machin Mater hea” “Thun Frans trae aoe tig the place "A pore san founded onl won couirythicoe4 Water Conductor Syst is eneing the water conduct aye, the water har ‘i pam though the tah rack andthe tke erasures ised dacipion of whch mil be find in Secor AULT ta puting of Epo yore Tom the gro head demrnae the etna ‘Thie shaper shat withthe pretiminary dogn of head acy surge ty pensiah and eon which ould be heli for panning "he design of ower chanel scion flows the mame prin! ete ay"hyfroulic hanedl Te the dge of power hana extra car ano b taken or the fllewtng pin (@). The fs of water ding conveyance i he chanel the Teas tat producin of power nt mec (0) ‘The spn of the channel astm pombe A Batter “The queson of ting the power chanel creaing pe 1s of raative economics depening spon the capi ex, ‘eve dees nergy lt and taivcnans cot ‘which hat be decide In order to oben these head, rious sterner canbe found depending pon the bait cf dveion neucure and the length of power chanel A Sorter nya of the omer chanel would ea higher ‘ivwson trace while loner lngh fhe per chanel MEAD RACE TUNNEL 2 woud mean lower divenom sracure. In order co fx the Spa theo ath the gh the owe a) The nina nme she pee ta abject (0 Mike einuains ofworkty deri etc iy) The Samer othe tame! i bad om relive (0 emis alge dsm wou mem ve thy Suber ger ven loe eas capone tome sould beth arto rela ‘tim nave nwo be lowing EEO TFSI) go SEED HPSG) 5 astipcenion which can ey caeuated fr each ee, [vide toe tha-cheate of operton ofthe hyroalere Sais the value of one HW ae never Then meand E Sie f te Egon (D) 10) (3) Amaya een (88) of = ih re feud 8) min (DH) nD = in (oer) vic accuracy on eb the lose teep* 3 * “ber “he smaller he member of D, the greater the acerny in Igy new contraction, and t x tcominended nthe eet ‘eat ameter oe a the quai Ines of Dor be be. 10.2) Noms (Rg. 44). Nomograph No. site te ‘urea anton 190 i Dor damm bern LD Nomosraph No.2 gies the curve of he anton of (D4)38 WATER: CONDUCTOR sysTEM focal fk between Od and fr diameter fo 1.0 ‘oth smog have De lee he se 2 Deiation othe eons damater made in age Stage Fors wince ermine the ee fm om paral dive so 2 dance gu) tla me Thecurve of {Eivsonopapl tive now om th nw putog ofthe D sat singe Fo the gi case ermine the val of X fom raph No.2 ‘Seige 42 Pace tomegaph No.2 om nomapraph, No: ‘harit an D menasy etal oo te bow adel Dt emapraph No : ‘athe cave “1m Dot sonora No wih that eae ‘acura Not aecrmine in Stage 3, ger the come same | | SURGE TANKS ae cee marathi nope eo ae ecrreee ee eee wun every pars eam ad hgh eel pata ‘ier wen re ana ee ‘he pendution of water evel (ale lrg ld ark son) are quencind by damping tof toa ence, “Thefts facia te seved bythe sare tas i 1th regulation 3 Improvement inspect eepuation use nian of postive water hae pre canals "be necompltd by Lealing eleven te Sabie Te povided teeth of pena Trion the urge tank tad ch eebine appeal A Spprsinat als fr such talaion ie tht when tei _remoracto short than Tanto prick. (ant) wlosy (try pron SiS had (mee ‘evunger atime af oudden lad ejection apd eae the ‘et of water bam ‘The sll valve is efocive, for git cme Un hasidee pace ‘Eon ha noes mae eth er ty Hg con nora oa Sen th tin Scat om eee a et tytn premiere Sue steed For en on, «me at TELE pode she Tower end of ection of tts tc os ore eh cit pate ash not sie Fagus #2 (ho Be & C2) wom 1 st cone. foundation omar TERT Siting aoe fami of er foie ise et ig 42 Typ of tre tk SURGE TANKS « “Types of terge cae The are number of surge us sav und ach rue at ‘avable roto ‘Baaly they can be divided foto thece epee, viz (sone urge tak (G) coed oie ype and (Gi) iferesa p= Sings ange tne = Single sare tel consid to he pth ein such eager hat ‘rs favs a a ot ottawa ny lo ha ofa lege eee sha extending spite ead wer laos and conmocdt the pre ‘lotu below by rece pipe a's large orice lamer srichis notin the soe fhe pre cane ‘henge ofa sure nn Spl ty aca aay meponding the padul sheng’ of water lee ibe Soloman, xcept for opel can dem adap, ‘Simpl uk el a fara a of ovrnng i concerned nth he bead changes are ral tha even ey ae sng gover basso icy tn lowing he change? ‘Serge tas with a ron of over ate nt ave sme volume storage The cat of splay and the alae ‘wate waxed mast be oft by th en oa ey {0 provide sfc srage without wero Simple sirge tank cas be made ta incisal a wl Someimer lage Samatr” pp Ii alg the, il ope fake care i orton es one ote: Tia type afc separation of the Ashwin Fig. 42 the nimi se of The obi ofthe rice tastes ov appecble ‘sin won the mater owing too foe te tok When load is ecjeced by on ting, the sgn er2 WATER CONDUCTOR SysTEM pes hou the evade and immediatly » Tas ad equal een do tothe reece ore bul “Te of hf my ied fr any dsl vere ing trae ovr arg hen pane to th clas imple tank aad the renting bead St negli HT the “tr meri econ than gy tk Te ‘Sima afr nace in he oak Unda elfnd acc bye uh he woe gun han would be developed i ample ns “Te move quick the arelerating and trig Ben are ppd rele te ge ok te “Toe ap creation of acaeating and decleating ede ‘bythe oud ori tank develope ven Buctatons of ea onthe trbine sed thus compiester problems in enn Si icone Secon ha seo ene (VR) Wen grea men ei preclude the use of 3 restricted orice surge tank ‘On account of ann pr dhage ieee vied set hte ene apt for ay tae ‘afc np tt conse of «combination of the sapling kandi toet-riee age tank xt ‘Bathe lmeral urge nde upward om theron sotbe poche diame Shnte pr ich pi wats flow Ghunen of ean dopnds ponte eno tier and SE a Gilgen tr popooee ts he cone SURGE TANKS. Fa Wine aon water reqares by the arbi, the water inh laters nfl opi hs Ceatng an acting {Wo nai recede wate ries rapid inthe itera ie hogs eigen na ad (Botanke ‘The ton lal dats apart othe ered serra eg at eal te hangs ‘Sowiedortee tack or very Slowly a in he ape tank ‘agp che rariae gate compensate fr he Cange it (@ Separation ofthe water soppy or wer sora et retcing sable economy in tank ameter and (6) Tooting action ofr bythe por aerngeent ing ‘ppres the urges det yachroneus fu pulstions Fig 43. gies = compara sady of diferent ype of sega, ‘ther speci types such as (i) surge tanks with expansion aber ower andor spp), (i) wih olin seange= ten sri ores dG) con ge ‘Some urge tanks ae conrated with covered roy he ‘Soatuction Daring ad change the pret a the ‘mbes les to bly in eagog t haps condo Section of type ‘Th wet of any pate ype ze ea pj pend n mamber of Tce34 WATER CONDUCTOR sysTEA ig. 43. Compa ofaton of int Surge tak aype (0 Fpesgnod sess Earmation nthe aa (2) Net How whe he oc ple SEIS he naion opened ina gid ante Tin yochonon geome ith eration 0 ht (9) Capa plant and ewan of fond changes depend Se pon ce of cnc od. (fea ton Wtekng mal ape oly Sorin el pers Core eign ie nportan to ssc operation that tae dam aid be ery coaly sly by a8 enlaces he SS GEcctmach ame totbe sly ofthe shen coe "lvdone and rho hu fa the sare oppatenty 3 ppg {Neth exunely a pret clang din fom many eating Pa lan oth TNown'n Fig 4&8 con eared wari alu of SURGE TANKS s ac ‘in ppting tos PY and sala fears egulatog tre IijFria es of Let in thw Bgse P= ipline cor (LaV a= Equiv leagh of water ay (ete) 1M = Rated hendemates, WR! = Pale sums fon fretting mas N= Turin seedy ip dep Sn Fiver 4 48 mat = BE nancial fe)" oo oe peininary fave he lowing may be akon 2 (@) Check op ifthe inilaon parame sty the (0) Ghack up ithe elo of Late han 5.1 bth the consi) an (i) anesthe fin ad pve scat pong» ms ak ‘vriout vals bad H, Vs Ley Ny HP, WR, Prana RAE ‘he charges Pigs 40 8 cab very ep he wih vl (Fig 46) and daw ne ua Le ens s0% 0 Kyu P= 00s Tova Neato pm ean $end hmm ‘Bowgh pope anne thee bing eprom cea Wish concn ar masonry ps penoc ae wy ten ‘etc ugh hone cnn ad a cit Sein Cow af non ti aly the feos a gene fence (G) ee tw beads generally conte ens wl te har i ie, te a ‘iter ame or sont ned yt pF funn pnnacs ia bre fecnpnet it38 WATER CONDUCTOR sysTEM special ype of tel may be mended for ey lrg sit pon oaks Which nny etl ecane im poco and mica, Matiown wall thoes or epochs ing 60 mfr well conaraton and 49 nor sted ties of pom. However, fr sable wks suche ‘Sie may ovens by want of the per ange strange end fee opioal conven, In ca ‘ui sorsing pests i here tama oa pecs ‘Slee ular comes" Inc afspurte peck fr ‘Seti damage none pend wl aie oly oe a Inca luni seria pesoc Heaching ange ‘So puter a place and other Drnoching sang {sino sd certain dst anew farts Spee em pater. throughs somber of pesos a) cont wil be grt at compre nage prncock wheter St may be in ee ag the xy noel wil owe be rinead fn the ae SF Le Segharlae ptn wt ‘oping and Singr wil ado the eerste weg of Soul cand shove. Tach fs name openly SS tes wie Is grad sco ‘al ike itations sy tpi Hower, ach PensTocKs » ‘Tol ed lee nd water hammer which alee depend pon heir of condi aves bessag an murine Rovering Sd (Gucabold st be kwh conden. ong ot prose conduit is oe long and wpacing of unit wide (gies big ptck and mere conigeraton of sae may le In asf high head deepens dopo of mul Material ers tly fo on 0 member pt fot ‘etre (2) ead (1) remain ere (a) I slo kage the satan be = vp cand ate the respect hide in he 0 cat 1D ayy, HD ye ont olunteer ait gh nm condt ~ SR x te xa neDe ‘Which i the sama at fo ingle pent ‘ead fw nthe oo ets‘fan nes Brrr te da ad te pomeiowe (eprepiyof be rening ra ™ generally folio sal, ‘Arangome Sop he (8) te ce bea phe sa, bn cute tay bed fr peg the peta ith ae ‘St poweroion Such an seangemet oo cmon a =3 oS hay Noted panic nce of cncete dome in copay wider vay,42 WATER ConDUCTOR svsTEM hao pide compte tly The atangenet ‘epee eyo poi oan tri his avangen pe i ow a) Alcaeo iaibution pipe ten (i) Viiiy wf end anchor ack mid te power (ii) Power howe rere ny at 93 anc bch. sidethe body of he dam or the rane shafly co 62 Tarn or expo Buried peck rv supported comin ‘iy on hom at the bstom of a tech, eck air ‘aclog ihe ppes Tochoumef cover aver the pp sould be apn peck will md averse sly hold owes Re pipe in peien, enn Tasted in op ences Gompf iene ss (0) Bure psoas (0) Sailor potas he pines agine i) ete of (6) Thee protection asin ing ofthe moored (6) Concaln rs incraed protton agai dam er caued hy py aataner her by ale eck ek se eau G0) Swi oy of spp hi mtn gue we of es Datibaon af prenor PENSTOCKS “0 (o) Based peor a nt lly nec impaction (See tate anne be foe realy Manenace IML roa of te pipe ao dil, though the (ob “Thay he 9 pray pc cng eit (i, On sep bl en, pc te ton conte ( fateat ion pipe may show 2 ene Side'dowe the page i nate my be ey cot Exped yess (agin and cominuou snopcin daring operation ix torre and any ropes requed cam sty be (i) Sie again aiding can be eurred by property wy, Rein fly pn oI ts of tpt (i) Water conveyed may fue (9) Sease lng cs may tp, Spe ‘Pity le dace pr eed low ‘Ara geo rl borin pipes ae adopted only on milly ‘ue. pensiocks pardy burriad and partly exposed. Such stone ht ine ae asin Fan ey Dferabie and may combine the advantage ofthe fo yer spon pemtoks Fl the train poe and dataton acon shouldbe hope wo the minim. Supp have ‘liven, Ate Sinton the Bens the pipe ct‘4h WATER ConDUGToR sYSTENE 1 romps ye foc i 0 aah Jie aly anchor ie premaed supped omy hl Pipes Spacing berwern sports may be 6 tHE mae ikite eeoee tewene gi it ny be ace ey Se an 8 mente ahh mya SvhagesAltoagh te neghe sn sh he Sn a af uurd te cary 8 dicarge Qa the one ot wc saa ‘tide Ufcuting Income serpy ope Mathesl, ‘Svecteson ny Doesprazed by she aon a Cac, ab Sap Weigh of pensach ton of eit ng hy Yee, ing Intnl slowrnce wen hit een, 30 xo PexsTocKs, 6 Wik a head Hand dietarge Q, power pen 81 ie 2x a9, Lok = sO an ¥ GaSe iLo do ke $e sc ox 2 1p EAD sa5a1. Fey Ko OP ay an= aischarge incomes 1 sign had in meet == allowable sr el Ht 15, same at of penta per 08 pecliaay enim 1 Q and are era the fvmignton wit be gue ‘Stpucitna fara conont wil be mca mors il a rp nay a SOE denn fe ln pope fd the tint com wil sont be he tae poperton {heen and annual hares proprtarstely Energy the sh iat "bot ra, {Texount only arin of ftom lows wth vation of sae dima of ponch (0) bean dato wae ob conveyed (0) goveing tonne of the trhing and cot 210) opetion of penoch co inthe ta oak (a) che esi pipe manufac. water to bv soeyed andthe parse sue and sue ‘Wasteon af parle limi ely wil ave ob ed Pebble voce by conan of abeson are 5 ‘wlaciiét upto 8 mares per second maybe twlevaed in [eceating to be Anal mae parting ay, pending ‘Sing acronis mA where the mi ih ‘Rew Some of he aed el by coumed.ifodoing « =i Be (ay sine the accel uy conned nee ‘Time of opening of the trkine soo be lnger than Tas ature the water olen lupo" Kapee of waar Stun wil came sndestle los inthe Bow sdSydegeanis ingot ema and etn Myon the rng a sumone Eowening Sevens’ Thos of foverning nny he ezendod by ince 4y whe! eet Sich may reo inca i com af eqpmea pond 9 rein imi ‘Therefore fea lve By whe fcr Cogn ‘Feerernor wil Gane, fe perme fn csereion aed lacharge 10 be considered and conponding head, mie Tens sony been eashed hat peaks ae ony one ‘Sitemap ite tl pe oe Tbe cae Jone by comideation of move cen lin of a sin pron cua wor acy ably Cathe Bown a mgr tit under average condos, cae Gamer pee i ery De ne ould 0 ice “the doign of tall race choca i low pepe mt any byte cha Tacx race one] being oat a pomarualfra onium per hue ne tag ar ee Treaties prey tal ae cane wl ae bes wg nde tay nt be vege rt pv owing5 Water Turbines SA Types of Water Turbines Water turbice & basally a machine to convert Ryrauie ‘Thm for the parpne tate bus to prehritin hI Tate decd tn Ans nd nas mad of woh ied te mai cle =) pul, and (3) reneton [Toe pe of wae thine incor ee nyo of power ‘load cee cegewing oun Te caper the dnl kin ll the lable ney of tert ‘iat convert intone energy or ety through one fr move ontacing nore by which the sar oe Ito eno or more eet which tribe he renner and coe ‘to rett Toe ducharge rom he oles wa atmarpre Peace, bua the inne als rnin oly party ld nd hence ine passe though he bck water ein Eee rand oo hsb soe water taker plac n+ sytem of clomd conduit. At the converted nw weocy” and" abst pot eee ‘eodaing acount wae within toe runs Ov GRARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS TURBINES st Il er a, ‘sages ofc a (3p 38) Sep in pone io int tote Tin tbe 2. Charsctvintes 6 Various Tasbinee The diferent sype of turbines te sable for specie parameters of hyorocdevlpment ike hea snd tee The sec oped runaway sped ad eis whih Sede ead: 1, defined 9 hae spied ia pam. of & emmlogo turbine of an wich wold dew uit hore mer unde unt ade From he dein Hr lat tat I apo todcnor vac wih the ype a idee FPS and MIS unt TIRE en pmo a ine havig pd ot Sead en ALS. = ge ohn in tn 1 big aad in PC hope power a hl going Aes pet To hie cao’ wih he geeaon Ber wht Song wah the Se ol rs ting fd lca nd nl he wiht gteuping St the rca te une yop te Sete gee ml ew yh Renown sed dn 9 Nigh qed ot minaPRANGIS TURBINES s ie 328» wave TURBINES ee Fg 82. Compuraine feces of fet tabi tio witb ete ny and Ice Sadan SO EST hey ae ct Sete tn bom sn vite il Tesh SOAS tet te eltot ming le eine erty yma ot ens ae pe vente che mange eth with wet at oe” el ht ata ie Seiad up [KAPLAN TURBINES Atateay mentioned owing the rotation ft nner catia bce 2 inpared oe water wich pen ffward\ owe ‘The premure at the ron Int ma be ‘munprodvc the requred scorson af Fane to dichoge throw the pave. or pears ‘aml compared to impube tite snd nce eon ieee are reduced That oceans higher fli. Tore tf eign prams Biv scot of te rome US ing fate feency op gnc eh he Serio om th dng condons and range high cys tron, epeing upon sete ped Tiedt fued oe and ton pce wich a gear pute att and bused toe hak Developmen th Goro tine har but the weak fs Orch spe ‘peed machi for twheada ch cu caf meh pr Tove joer ain ow he deepen’ cot machinery Fig 230) er Bacher Wp alan pe nye fe edn re Upratin st oupes changed So Repan tobi hu = opt rarine wih aja blade mshanan or hh feed blade ype. "The bad we opeted bys rvoomior ‘tien may ture need ne the soot eb vou atthe sha has oe bo tough wich ss he poms ler type tier aly the guide vance and pct ing re spatiro date Paes tie A yp cmosBREEN Fig. 3. Typical wevon of Kaplan sekine SST rwrening 3 apes Ring ey wih ag ee TUBULAR AND BULB TURBINES 57 tah pai es, sey of Rap “atge in pee sped wo hat Bey {fre Keplan turbine em be dae aba 38 ee ds depending pon conaerton of che leva facta 5. Limitations for Dierent Tarbjnee “he iis ed apt itaet oat atime Irae putin oto in an imple turbine it the ic spend of the machine it atime th specie spa or 8 ven though Kaplan and Propeller pe of trocar meat for low head bya dalopient, the caestinal pe sit wir or somlapral usr dbo type deal er Invlve considerable oat inthe cri woke” For me eon ial derdopaent of very low beh spo seat TS tre, Sec sit Bow tba faba pat sn deap Te carers far of buat ine that he Hv sighed fom fretny tm ttc, Contig os aia oe ight incined fio. Such an rangement ‘say the ta large eat pater ond powers0 WATER TURBINES 20 co so meer The sy ie Then act he con which edad iow phase hehe shgn often cere fini ‘Fauc (cuve tnd}, and betowes fap aod tabla turbine (carver @4, nce. bnguos and Franc ees re many conlawed fir hih or ty igh hea whereas {nent ava pobleto mi oe rfon of sae Tip Sewing cy an who. The ig. 6. Range cneed by Francis whiee SELECTION oF TURMINES a ep stad aren nate te overlapping range of imp aed [Berigh Boom shaded sien of Kaplan bine, Ih ling ha ei over wn with igh {ino tmpstearbine arto bets nine cones ‘nthe long pine shoal econ acing spre unde the sun cnione Hwa Miata Hydiaulialy, the Frames ewbine more favorable Fea whereas the imps rarbie has ene pw th es un ning i sr wi atclsty ia edergroved power plans, Incr i mon es the groupe canbe Glad witout elie, we Seticient depth a pomer sation up i he ope the excavation work fu Fractal ree ae tt oi ‘ration have fo be stated lw the we ‘On Whe other had te ground pan of the pas cones salle “The rani turbine reaches higher value in he exon a ‘Rosie iets abn ae te ot fee anc rns and ine trie ne th a ‘tui domanog” Asean mls en ae {x coipandng shut-in pens. ple turbine aeony ee ant pce ea cece ac Tce tae Boa ew fe Eki ates Tees cued ce ee pel eae munedes agar ata Te ee Seen ae See Masha a cri say ae eee Gc see ere eet rec es ame Tats ies Seria Pir acgta.Sue ao ays Spa a Siang aly es sg aha SORT SDE Bret he ied ag Sm a Fae rahe Tait ad i Sees ae {Mt a i ee agen HG pitas apt ae dens Tike dafiashasatee SELECTION OF ‘TURBINES Fig 7 Comparative i of se giant Sines igh rotons spoke (increasing the spit ped) stale iis edule Sneed ge rosie eh ‘New runner ptf have bee ae 9 ince he specie cand improve the caviationalsharceraie. The has ‘le in geting» sachine with owl saan tmp ighr sees magi pci! eat for rene and whe supine ice 8 Cr etnias sel nd 13 Gr Sate alsin she mans cs avg igh cogs ‘sd god anssorreni propo es betimber orn thee tobe in 1 Eficacia of lpr unit are higher 1h ter of al ei ore tri igh een 5 atin Bo he sed pn penton ‘Satta impinge Beary te eh ae, The owing formula in FPS pil ts kaow the deat _ =a on THe deaf bead infor datance om tniner othe ‘heat o he Franc anne (Pe 38) SETTING OF TURBINES « smopere hud (pending on ieeton)—rapout ramus (pening on water puter) 1 = oss ass he dart tattoo rue Lin fa hea 2 For proper bine Ron Dy 69 Thur to ge the lee ofthe cee ine efron, he pt wt A aed in equnons S233 bar tobe nel 1 Hy oHvo at ‘Re Siro and Lava recommend he illewing ema = 158/107. Ny oa) “eee ed that he Saeed ae ed = bw SAL Synchronous Spend ‘Tae synctronow oped at pend of he 4 ti oni to ouch pve topes he teed Powe Alar Going the rominal ipo often the ‘Srvc he apc plore a explained ne bjs te flowing comrttnnes ms * Mine (0) Ape fur pues pred bu andar genet: ie plo es the had iene vary ethan 10% omg ea the ow reste pec oat be en A ee aco fe i dei Sees pet = MQStrawer a Noofpite = gates Gy Syackeonoun peed 8) Thus ed he yctrono sped and. crete pce DIMENSIONS OF AN IMPULSE TURBINE 6 spend foe the ayecbronaws spend From which od corrected Stewed ay Hi five bead > Sonn a veo of 4 dlimeter of evens cotta) an nat hat of shen = Cova i iar vlc of nner in" DN = g-/IB,with defiton oF fav late Do Diner of nner a= co) 24 ay meget p= a" eco ce fe gerraly sae units opratog a coret speedieni nomen OrN = (comeany P= (omens) eh he ce med ela ley deed om Boealcomisction “Spe pend ens waar cae Ys Pang = 624 ang = 49 in FS in Na wns vet, a vit ats on“Bl be ht ag wha of ay er ‘Sesame En, Cry aod DI A Vale of Cy iesbjct le aration ta well eed nen wots and cab taen as 037 to O99 as aged foearrage prea Blo ey 0 04s 045 44 04s 42s Ea en i et cy en vey speed it mnin’y dependent on th diameter ratio Di si ay he Sy agg a meng 5 Ne oy oa ‘A sormsl samme ratio orale igh ‘Dll. Thcreponds ON, 5 igh tise satan fm Da = 7 Non Band Did, N= 0 he ie sch sic fetid an “Te immo fhe rah abe ad rl cana nod octhat had fd out he Hea specge sped (NG) oe (0) Beis i n= SE Gores) ~ Hoon) 69) — 0) ie Nae pope axe os 0, (eh Me Se pop ne oan tap) fom he rma . nae in out th eign spd geese whic le nap satiny fndng the errono pn, set ices Peper geen be aot 4 = OS NE 4-000 (EPS) #5001980" + 00275,QUKS) 84) For pope ate fr 055 No (5) fromm 2 OAKS) 8) sd charge date ive by StH pps, uo From he bow wile an hat thee ate thee arr lor roe nn ha Jones of he dea ua leat imine with Dy At an eapseatory note he other ene ‘Drcdnmer abe dhrge oping fhe ree ‘Drminimar pening ameter of rer (oot shownDerdian of eninge ner ea tia MC Revernible Tabinee “App tbive ede purpon ydrac mucking that Scie “Ramp spend inset pe “ie pumpoe wit {RE pea energy by deeoping power ara Ryaralie {rhe when he fo pe bck othe oage ake “he rnc sown Bi), Thea er power {est meme (et valve open); operates ara uchrinoes Sodoer i ster decuon The punplartine Te ey oneal © ancl machin, whch sever tsa molae ——— Es REVERSIBLE TURBINES n when the lt perso at pp and ana generar when Tei Sump co, pig ate ESP Yam tow cow per soa, Power 4 generate pk ond perc hen or tes have etn developed po” 300 mes wih Prancis Rada ow 0 Francie, Mine ow dingo fo yperand i) Anil ow proper 9g ‘Since a rveble pump crbine i th & pump and dine Theratio ean be determined by mode! ter and nung tino yp tins em nwa om te tr name rc (eine ronne fhe mine speeiscspe ‘tehead corrapoading tober eficincy wl be efor the anyon woking tbe Howes, by eta6 Preliminary Dimensioning of Power House i nmin of power tn ae depute pe ‘owes salon daring he ntl planing nage 62 Com (a) Unie Bay, or Machine Hal, (Graton Bay, and (Gi) Cont Boy Te dimen of the wi by wi pad upan the dine the tuna rege wo be-pca. Geerly the any ‘Siupment howe in Fag. Th dowsing snp tad ‘enp cela apan paved Common betwee dal ‘alm Proving dowsing ump at on end af the pomee ‘hough may entail a Tuger span for th cane." An say feed br Ading he dient ors units a space onal our ade fom the exe ote sad opie f tame se Tht tyes shld be ‘lle Theve are a few power stations which have no eh if pe on a aps a se esate ther option of she niebayeoueded separately or one ata portion of Cheat tbe att imletoeyad ructare If condos fri for niable placing a fee at gantry then he wr ateraave a cheape. The coal Say wll generally vc copres bar ch ave very ape ove sation wee blowing 1 Min ft be a ot hw ay eeron snd arene fw repel i pra 38 2. Saati of tuber —Civen th ad and th cg and 3. Come sce eof he abet of shin nto te fond oat by fang te ideal ope sped a then thentonout spends wiht ctl ed sod 4. The dimer of ov ingle kite canbe ftompara Sit and he ioe ner of rin rin fs iif tft ae a pio78 DIMENSIONING OF POWER HOUSE. 25 for y= 180 for t= 200 oat Dolan tat given he lowing emule = 408 Rae Ke eo her, y= diameter fat nn Ry = Novot poten (a) Rated out the geertein MV (81 Syechonsar ped ef votten (9) Moment af neta regi fom she pear rn (@) Owriading capaci any ig. 65 Output V, seed and BY Se (GENERATOR DIAMETER » Siryep diaaier (Dy) andthe active length ofthe core (hy) HE fale for lecting tax parser in wltion wt {Be ei as aypronas sped of te generate are ies rigue aed" 6, “nr T T : Ser dnecmiond with te hep te lowing espenions (ee Figur? and 68) Fig. 67 Umbvetla peya Det km =o (14) +t es toes ho rb Od) em 69 nh ea fom ane 01s +022 + 00 Vinmen 67) > kt tse ea ig of the dbs rat Nake sopnted pe ociacoion (a) N= Ry Blorumial ype otcommucion (10) = 085 rd srs of he Baker 10 for nd 100 arm fhe bracket HYDRAULIC THRUST a fiat hydeaue thrust The axial hydesiiet snerather san be dteraa by he lowing formula enfz DIMENSIONING OF POWER HOUSE we es Son ore peti ah nr apa (Dat cece Ng re ate iy these ae eg Characteristics of Different Layouts urniad his Put B dea withthe direst peso tyou foe on eater head vate, vi thom, eam and vat nn given each othe seattle by tone smentitan meio state Sp ein, we be how Seger itemise weld eeSS Layours 8 Sen heed plane4 Layout of Low Head Schemes cl Ur tintin eering Ned ca aloe inde aa by shor seus 42 Low bea pone ia atten May tn be dale ino [OWRR STATION ON POWER CANALS 67 leaing the power ton sin the we ee aE ak (i) Bet at a etc tn (i) bane tthe cna ed conte (9) Power chanel () Prow wean and sshd yeh ant Sep Seprodally by psig the era ie lie sien! a, (@. Divernon svat a he bela fhLAYOUT OF LOW HEAD SCHEMES Langit canal longest {8 DiveronSovetar at ed of ech cay hi mo hg. (6) anti pa righ ofarectre = bower) & shove Lamps of canal" = betwen G) & (shove “The moat eam ion would He edt Leton whore 8A. Concentrated Fall or Remofever Layout Tae emake, wero, regal ge ij i ig we ae hrf ese bal “Thee ave tm basis typ of sch deslopmant ans ving the lw charge eve ase byte epee ph duod vel and tence se head eavaabe og te “The mpiy in the Ine av nein andthe plant senate thee ‘The river width either ample 0 accom bath the Tig 8 Blok Layout — RUNOP-RIVER LAYOUT ” bay. The by tay oF may note provid wih an nt pT Twi wih sonny cot nd lag wo (i) Tenuta ey wh une ci) Thi pc bean ves ath The iaake trectie i wet neem hr the at tae ty fr ie pore tao oly bane gal ‘Peer Sain ‘This exp allow fop te evelopment of 2 evden bythe to Dordrig fat asog ater ight Sthsier Afi layout hws in Pg 82. LLL fin othe ating "A tape bon in Fa 83so LAYOUT OF LOW HEAD SCHEMES In the "Pia Typ" ayo shown in Fig OA pare unt sare provided lope he ster with ebay a8 Seale per "The icamage ofp ype oe =i afc ee tengo tial eu” Water overtows during fee"tocnane: The coma ef te plot dae ated ss yocnveniesy poi the power ato ate made sch The naar ris ane placed oth inthe Soca and tarismat puter, Howrey te layout ta moopaly OF the nla tunes shea te made of ober etal ria Ofna on wera i {sey te mending moe he er POWER STATION ON IRRIGATION CANALS 91 “To wil comideratins gover he submaible ape exipane Te Hraae nc of hoe ns 8 {Soon anlar ton lc he yc fing tat war apn extending aout the one wll of 89 (ayom th Ren Rivero Concemtnted) Fall Spt tne he 116 ower Station om Ivigation Canale asin en ii in ana El ‘enc ying a wt ie pn ‘al hain be lawerd osu ihe ooerpy tow ef hemp sealable the mrenm, when the re eran bron seatenety he cee wae twa tara coc for maintenant hanger and the conn of he Saply ‘With che adven of the wbulaetorbins# adeatagoue91 LAYOUT OF LOW HEAD ScuEMES POWER STATIONS USING TIDAL HEADS op la le |The i aes or amp sv by ae ince ta ranges ch nena drei be, depencing onthe geopapeal poe of {ean to amar oe unger ene souee "The principle of dl shame ne in Fig. 8. samen eae) 82 a co and werkt uly kl ihe ere a war "At hi WE Fig 83. Pane of tat che eS an Ih ar son ene se Seige a Gand adie ae Shee a Sep —— = Toot ae tg me ee om rot vem ne Sopa ho Soe ese ee 12 Power Son Ung Tl Head SE eenin an te SSR sects Sew Egon pes Eat aa aes eect Man This is acranged by having & basin separated from the ocean Fellows “ from the ceean to the basin in high thle and t taken out at @ a ne Basle ‘a ac ng dui emi feoF LAYOUT OF LOW HEAD SCHEMES Seite ye emg ing ig of (6) Daabieyce sptem-operaton on bth ebb and ie (6) Sy of any oes (0) Sytem fcooprating ba ‘he sym Fan whch eel neay Blind ring ‘onslerably Dow the lee the ate ler, the Sat mat Chg ch mas oan neh ane “The rat of the copy produced by an ebb cyle sent (@ te thetide ee syuem [E) depends on te operable foe lage pres wliton ‘Sheen rnatiy sprang 40 bis Anise shat te rn rags ie at Capri sini The wae fel in he bin 1 slvaye ghey whet Geo Iowe ta them ir threugh ace? sn pri int iy tarp which sete DEPRESSION ROWER PLANTS Useping ate in Sulhave no on, the guano water edt i hap 189 Fig. 86 shows the example of « npc low Head serge with the rel that nate come cy the sha tte fl win proce of he head race ‘he depen. She the dopreon4g High & Medium Head Schemes8 GH & MEDIUM HEAD scHENES (i) Vatee on och pensock davasream of the sre tank (0) Rentocks or sch machine individual 2+ fora group (i) Support fr pres and anchor Hes (6) Vater at power station ead of ech ranch of the (i) The power atin, (G0) Surge tak oie om the ni (9) Taace tanto open chal eed for generation of power tring peak Ina when powers given tthe newark by pumping tet Sec ino! he roc dig off pak prongs Sod on eno of opeation andthe sna ‘umpe i he ow lead pian morte BS macho ae 4 pumped storage hydrosectic heme, the water — PUMPED STORAGE SCHEMES » pumped and sored stan elevated rsrir fr prodecon Peery aster ine Si2Srae perodthere maybe honey deed on ale Steer say Be lan perade” A lw vale ofpnk emery Ieoneeed in highs on- pk enpacy aed sere by enpelseragy seme hit Sonim sxe ergy 0A ¢ Ina secre roorseen Tha can ba cael a 1G) ekentng type (GD hips {iy Sater wantrigp, ands) al pm pe Iie pate w combing hee tac info numberof thine a se water from rset A (ig 9.3 9) istnt We produ poset ation Pande dberge ea sear bwrcd incon Dig lon pds the er ie ye ppt uk he es Inthe line bf in wion tthe pnpng back of Shion Peden (Fig 9S nthe Waar The wate of somes Bit papas merida Yo saathr ely. The ‘in tree Aland e pods power arson Pia alo 839) Thevarous pmo tia pearson ten Scr in chap 8 fll te sping opamp orga mh ly ites yea twig pg, peodton power Ashas lend tee dtu in Chae the medio fd schemes ate thaw which come wah ihe bend eange afhough he te and pw ce stows nt? he dma shown fg Ban 22 10 Unconventional Layouts of Hydro Power Development +to LAYOUTS OF IL. DEVELOPMENT 1 Hydodam : (9) Preps, (8) Hydocombine, (6) Bama fo cin, ier tok 102 ya lw ver to owe beeen her in oe fo, by division of the main nts tu pce fhe we Ae Bevin tira tna ee STi lad Sze Sine tari te se Te aloe” haath cat ome, 10h a pn aa of 0 ‘Soon vim na hn eo cline con fe arn Rr Maron, Drag Teese te attr dncpmen tel capacity So". = tet Os (a) = A) whe each “FS Gc pie bow oe chi wit" Yoke Pree unto Kepan typ The pan dctorg apacly Leo my the bee vasa tereen and Wm at Sige ot 0 ow wee gpenings wih wea {iweuren an ee deh fet rock wt ch mao, ush. " “ono! eign or Weld ts ta compe10 LAYOUTS OF HF DEVELOPMENT by seducing the length of th concrete saci by about sect renga a aviog O18 ion dalle The fedaced length allowed te Hjdmcombine setae” be Teena nthe higher rock unde the Bod plan tenace wih Sheek acct pce ar sen be porto er Dra of tpinemkne Duige "The generator eee cach sootain vera foo fir ei od mechanical susry res he age in of the play opening, 184 (W5hy mgs by dm (0 1) wi cept aes cnt ot two tee The sey dang Bond oP S08 Cl 1.000) woud be pane wi the ue the dowsveam od ofthe da ue the fete were ted gcc in the gallerys the gnaw wren move Iisa in she dry snd wet cit suntnsoe shpat vlage swe finan the iene, 4250 RV vs Br of the arate. The crane operate the emergency Inne ge whack, 66 pay a a pone ‘hin the srastre provided by saree ala, Ail dogs we omen Sign ee ft Wee a ner be ape espn ‘of a kon Sruidn teas tate wlcky and erbene ae [Berean De tubines expat iin ceva ny 4. Model stad indicate shout 9% incom in tebe Saerdepeation 5. Fah aar requiem Ghpmge irae Serb tay Sere pene so ae Fiiting eae sed engi of dnc "The conirras ‘Too mich power Roum have bnen conc. The gs ‘medium bead power planta "The base principle wel Ssimand'on River Rtine, unde hea of 31 mow S06 A Tras tau), whee the porle LAVOUTS OF HLF. DEVELOPMENT forties dea abe (oth Since tasformer are loci near mache hall ia the a The to atl ser Rar wat Chi ‘Te apposite man dimen of ow ig. 106 (3) Pan rapt Iyout (Water Rower978)tz LAYOUTS OF HLF. DEVELOPMENT ria. 146 (6 Sein hom Rape da nd per owe ‘Ein og tne. Eo oocrsting ort han oe wine comic erry een thee ‘Adem! Por Si oe sver Arun in open an ch ‘ype pever boa long the down of an tr dom (tad ised. capacy 29 MW, hing 22 hed oF 15 (1. This tthe et case of a a0 ey Sea fp an ony oe ceca Ae Hanh Mo Soi in Japan which 6 4 combine oe HYDRO Daw ns eval cesar pote Hote ve lo ben bul a Jap, ‘affavs, Indonesia i located on the riser ‘Tatum, Rock ‘Lets forg 100m high crane in con reo fed is dam's head wate fice has hallow asaular space wh asthe pre? nab, sway and pcr hou ina vii an underround poe’ Soune wih once (gf tnd wocas Bar 90 ing aa tal 350 (0 1 Ties 96] Sameer deen c a aed at ‘fed ssw in Fg 107 fom Wate Pe) i ti fh sad an ew cgay ‘ound ie cicumfiroce, “The tower rim Is desigued as ‘eon vilesy wats matin Capcy of 250 hetuna 40. wie aed 8.00 tug una sown ie forthe [0 AV ater canying thy paves Rotts hie Formers in the power tin haley the whetjord Sov ‘The decom to locate the power sto inte bate of the ‘able Sand te eicamiesce whe ie tecntarat tare Coens were educa soph 2d at ‘Another advantage was ha, during steton of the plan the sie oeread atk cuid be wed fr the er oe Grane andthe auxtary 1Oson crane Hence evry ponte Be oner sation var mihi acon Con ane etc Go me the a Aang The fears dsr above al tm fe the chars fe Diaahar proce Hever, thee are ee Of other features whch sthough specie oDysishas me ‘ell arie i ths ms ams lyon of splay and power tone nein ye Di ih ton Ha Po Satie ha Selaira poeta hydro shee river Beau “Du the bundation reins fort conse aoe pestle see novation ashe aca sneha SS (J) Teagan pomt cmt inden (0 oar operation independently of th equance and iy Na lervenc of the pila operation dng ere > ‘1d normal operon ofthe power (ie) Coovenona verti geerateg uit (0) Main wunsformer in be inualledcutide the power i) Grav yp concrete race, snus n oe tagle rac, eth ly apen generator hal throu telnet ofthe plane odin the mile ofthe sve bed wk earthen ba There ave 20 Fsonce ype generating uit 60 MW exch auibn head which sal be allel inthe semboudoae owe The se 3 tn wh 9 ing {iit ged wih nal oped ed ge Aieinete spill ‘Thit compact plant concep maybe te ipa, arate sl sgh nf poe ‘he compact xruteral singement doe act only reduce Shea once vate Bu awe a fo et 30g the tomerucion plant tod. tpipment the work wat om pled a montis ahead of stbele owing wo adoption fempac lost eating in are onan The adnate of ‘Siseompace yout concpt bees mors sgeicant withthe ‘vali of lw om ed nou105 Power Hoe Sie ones tae btw aplnay Son 4 nop ‘peo dam and lmiatsar pad by he etre the sects aean sve ee tw bish ch fhe jmp ‘Laige deepens aris Devdnge la fre ving an artnet (Poe rca Fran yp Bean Sao, sto) Fad Sch sii) ramet an ae he hing ‘iepiiayponna cathe tpt the power hn, yey tig anti a power Tha de oven Bio eh, Hot m, OHO owER HOUSE SPILLWAY ue fonda Sie EO Samp. aeny Seated fr fare Te eae pe petal AM Tage of 200 ne pour cura x10 MN sf the foes 808 ooo ip Kaplan, = 114 for France AER Leo ee Sy Derg on te VIN OA cag Wi, ae tg ne 2 eM oe Ae ra the dam (= OM Koga Try Stiga ete cn vate loi ee rile oro he ttn Ba do Cora, change ot bg a copie tne ot oe TM Sceat a ch oe enn‘Seas 23 pes "Ao ater a at Compan the a cor a “The ep of this dam hat ha its power sation etd 3t set docu de an tha spony ‘mpd rae hyn per sats Te Hl the Sane Tk Te Rare Dam Shoat 10m igh wih eet ogth of 38 we The weer thar the pestoct, which ars no heap ae cliente ah dant ay hae 4 {oie plat (ancl pasty en) te to are te Shorter paca watery (pts lina the prot UNITS IN CIRCULAR SHAFT vas an on bay contain woul be wedge shape were Sane ily Thar ot sane guy wok AEST Ser ho ensomical Toe the pe wa Pligoet pe menses ‘The woud ao oie se co ar toner pentecks"Siee the ey i iets etn urapr dt sell renders power tien fs lndn stare 0 sant fn apt ‘Scanlon inperel by gesagt condnons 30 MW una, Teal georating unis eppid by he ic Son The aot of hi sation woe lnm $2 Gut we tn a rely par wa14 EAYOUTS OF 1LP, DEVELOPMENT POWRR HOUSE SPILLWAY es en Pen pad oo Fn aes at the power house floor level with a minimum cocl eee eee ee en ee a eee Seo toe mn cine A a RF enn Shah mime Cele es‘eat acel panei Scopiaet"sd' pane far ther te Caray wee a setonse Camblned with Shaft Silty(©) lowe levee ate (61 ont power tote anda ihe (a) Devine fe) Pomoc (0) sling con power @) oo (2) ee 20. 10. 40. 51 6a 710, ©. 96. wey ue: wig, HO, Gh wh 7a), ww, 19) ay {). 29 (0. 24). 28 1 26 ch BO, O. 00. 1. BO, BO, 8 (3 O. 370, BO, BG, 0% ey, HG) BO. win a ©. (Gy Bien aa eG &, 5010, 940), Sh, ioe BOO, Co By a, Bo i Stages of Investigations {Dead cen ER Beise fe order "ore ben tade to Bod ont the be data oie2 _STAOES OF INVESTIGATIONS Preliminary Fesiity Report (PER) ‘Ths perp coud btn ey eve i» pln a pane on ce on ‘toting te sa ‘he ii io, erie To gtr egy Soni beet be acne in siti wpe DETAILED PROJECT REFORT = 3 Project Report (DER) ES eee ‘The iain aim ts the preparation of 3 proc shoul reiting comp wong of hn on Tit auld require thorough ‘nvtguion and planning s0 that wet Sem be eis ree aot sepran soe ecg Iavergalons| ‘de forthe dad wrote dng he dro re ‘ere piMMe —_STAGES OF INVESTIGNTIONS 1S Types af tavesigulons (9) Srogiet {6 Coomrcton cmtrat (Q)Laod we wane oy rsa (5) Prete si rey and deine vey le Presentation of Project Report Innere hat the decom ma hove te epertnty A GENERAL PLANNING ‘am fae, Page Sage) (2) Topographic) yea, () Meer Tele Found uiy amen of erst and ade si ure) () Matera (Gervow ars and ely of teat)6 PROJECE REPORT (Bist, diferen si ight of dam ey wei on of tier scence rhe). (Besse option tbs for de aythode year and ster years ap showy fen nd ean es, pesky power Seton inate capaci). Chapter Coonrecion diversion same (tote, fr pig ot ppl eee) (Gira of tight ate, splay, a) {Dam cheno! o nee pe) (a) Head race rl o han, eemomic dimension {) Sok Sir or itr) (a) Type saree (intsor, outdoor or emicoaioce or wn rey en ie (0) nyotand dimensions (C-OONSTRUCTION asPReTs (Chap 16 Conarction materials Chapter 20 Eauipment for contusion SALIENT FEATURES (STORAGE) M7 cour 2 Pen iin epee 25. Dent od Brailes {Cre an ancl rete) ‘ 24 hemes for Sient Fontares for Paver Project (siorage), . Lacation of Dan “(Tekin G3) Long 2. Sour oaupely. () Name rbtary (8) Main ier 9. Guchmece ara (kn) ) Grow catchment seen {@) Cachmert of eter sate i) New ca Sean of the nate lye 4. Avene inal nm) 5 Annan 0 ana (1n8/ IMC Disp ood or (a) Splivay (Safe fee Board (a) Diversion Gr Heighe of dam. Above ver bod. Above deepat fundation lel () Live sorage (1a?) TMC) (i) Deva tarage (WPT). es) Exapoaton Inte (O'maTS) (s) Topo Road (RL) (Rover ed RL} (i) Pond Lael (RL) (a) LPL (6) ond wore eel Type Ui) Char wateaylength (i) CatePROJECT RERORT umber ye ans) Crt vel (RL) 9) Eoeay Sobmered Area Ft (Ua) pte Catan (0) Wane) aban ‘Toa ant be see (a) (@) Permanee tal (For head works power hoe {G) Temporary taal (For bend workypower howe aad fer power channels Fad Regular (Orel engi, Number and eof ‘pana Nome apd sw grec, Shapes Length and dimer, Thicknes of linn; Des chp ver oon, (At Atma Lotaton, Type, Sie, Head, (Grom hens Nes ead, & Discharge), Tale capac, Type otto (2) Petod of connection (yr) (6) _ Mase ‘Required (Comet (ALT }u Sel (M1), Co Foe SALIENT FEATURES (DIVERSION) Wo and rin, capo), Man pier ried, ine cea 1h Soo sean nS seas (5 a rat Fs eon Dn 50% ast, Ieshold contin Ds tne of the prot the allowing 2 Somer afeppiy 4 Chuher sen tn) Neventchene aves af ate iy pa " 5. Anna 80 unl (0 m7) (2) Bara, () Ped (“Tool ength af barrage eter wy, (i) Lea on,PROJECT REPORT (8) Aas, {is} Sty numberof tye and ert vel, (wer i, te bah (0) Gate sub and sin (ander alae, ter Bay (0h Nombre vie wal (3) Tota ength wy (0) verge bight i) atl eng, ()_ Average bight i) Weed dachage femal (A) Length of elt Shoe mater way (i) Sn umber of ay a erat ter. “) Gu e Submerged ate, etl ty) Fae (Cann) Wane (8 Habinen Some of fin ad), : “Toland tbe squled (Ha, [Permanent wal (For bend woes power how, an for power channsfnne, (8) Temporcy al er Inula Works Head Regulator.) Overall length (i) Ner ansen of spam, (8) Nomber and Selinetaton ek (San of seting task (8) Sie of bopper. (i "Top tev of hop (W)-Bacaen helo fondute” @) Deign dicharge "(be bis) {SF eipty in tanks (it Parle sae to be (Shape (U) Length an ameter (i) Thicke of Neg Monee dre fe seen (atti Avge sah) Grad (Type, (8) Sim Gi) Top bevel of ge ea, (Gy Bae ee a ge ely) Height fe CGaNERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 1st, i ern prec iam, (0) Teo of Snkng (0, Minder nd Sn a ari Pome My Lem 0) Tt (0) Sas) tea elite) typo eine Up Lang af tl race chaneeney (i Sie and 0 Telraceanealchaneel, fi) Crown elerstne Pete of onan (yas) (Maria Rt Ste tt) al GL) ea Ree min) oa Pein cp (Tol cot) Hyori, (8) Pend {Gh tensor” Go) ortaeg one 0) Rape mnt {G Aanat aat gente om 0, asi ASSual ait ornate eee Sala Gran aon 9 stay {Gh Rctagrtr on apt (on 20% aia). 126 Genera Description f the Project = New % lima ndphyagapey, opto, sae hoa,1s PROJECT REPORT “The choes_propord esi, reson for nat taking them Sha able water dep quay, Text sad ype Stn as etn oto Beers Te may inde the advantage of the wheme swell orbs sscommerdaton fr iv any implementation vo ta here Should be given "The assy of he lcaon or he ADM Popol che sips be dare tie an evelopment testosterone eter a te onid ‘sir eter pie iedidonlly or ty Tae {ener ploosing ofthe scheme thwld be dase an he Sten Feature othe cere wh ar ete ota oe ‘hoc more aid tad be insted LOCATION AND SCHEME OF DEVELOPMENT 135, secre min Ay a er eral See eres prety “The iden of the canoes shold bee Bring Home to he ‘Sen poi oy plat ed i met aidaE Hydrology & Water Availability 194. Water Avsilaitisy ‘reqite enection of daen_and then computation by sitabio ‘ited onthe bmi of tail dt Sibel seen aisbity and sb fra ele adopted, should ah be aii flowing anal sutras (Uncarge) dat shuld be calcd, de at Teg tm dare die 1D ay ral (Cachang) data a. man dcharge of 10 days sis ons ing tetas othe rp ‘Sh tre gts day root (charge) ohms a opened for tae 91 yo, og 1m fil dato it 10Gay rao dat of cathe of proper pec sie ‘Sor tem rine and evropoding Scare data in nearky arte 10 doy" (Sareea snc Proper le Tora 31D year srr Wf va aod Tg tom rife deo else ay af chet fo et $0 6 $0 yn Sot 0 val Sah lf snk oe 10 say anothers) cbuvations and concent sana igo my er Se sean 5 tpn bee 0 prt or ding water. apply shld 10 Depending pon the typeof at aval te wae git Set ocak mfr tat ror The anal taal computed and scent In the dtcening seer "The nytt et fn pees ir eT IB STA sg = 210 = 07 6) te mh of Anu (Tbe 2) sr0s04—961.8832979117 __ 028400 . (eet ~ Tasso" bX Pa zvin = wnasss SO Ex abla aston EXAMPLE 2 m ana Raf Ravel Goan ams? Compan a Sent aa weet El Ln Se Tim wees ae TALEO ONETTA EL Ge Te ek 22 2) See ——— 126.5202 1 0127 X a R= Jie eX) GY ENT ‘oie —s961 Sra a6 a CITED BOTT = seursatto0 079 69) a poth of Spb + (Ta 33 rece 26r4 156 00) asinDROLOGY & WATER AVAILAMILITY ve? io = uae xe 1 BF span Bawation will bw Ym 218: mo * has = ang mi tio ions s (awe aT aE a : Se ETT tw gat ra 8 an = sa 28 £ (SG ute 227 tones annie om ‘oo Gar 20 ean ote Ta 00 aay‘ We fmt sto 3689 eon ands ib tom fin” “as toeest wom Te ims Sar te mse buss Tiaeee Sa = HE ora4sa0.8 (9) Timenmputtn sf oneon eit hat bay done ar smog ht uy be sat TS Sandic0— 290 stinraion Tie rnd ua 88 Mm A Mane root in M, cit 0573 28d 0% dependaio secs 25 9 ong Ea 79% pearTo) ea eve ese seem arene rsa.’ seats HYDROLOGY & WATER AVAILABILITY e 8 : a wes wos as ot sem FS175 HYDROLOGY & WATER AVAILABILITY eran eseaarsa ra pegs Examele 153 seo gg ene g35z8, a eb ane dm fbei SH REEGE RAEEE Ne ff 58 fynes gRages 7 ee ee sin 69 BEE BREESE FeSSS5 1 i ae aaa fm 22 00 ond ee aenatnhe. Asche dm eB opara of 223228 89238 a Se aaa ee eee eee EUS aS" arcmin bs em ep a[g9885 89985 Sg2ze3 Fe ee cabling anh pea von eea22 83985 822572 Sie oo E882 9,555 995938 |-[eeees 2'ag8 gaasas & BRge RGSS ggRaRs a | 2ee28 £9288 Sesgse s|.legagg sags gege33 SES se BES 2 A SS Bc |S288 S8e5 SES ge 33 in two ioe Gem an see nce [23885 88289 Faleee WB OSS atece sete ser ‘eos ore tea aaans S828 R2HHER te se sem sam nau pa etme -|sggaq sages cazgea BBE Ge BS ee te os ame esse $582 sgesag Sa SEh tons Sela mean ase arses sanome HsREnS 25528 822292 cena aes lne tat eee Reece Amuming rainfall run of corlatinship ax ¥ = a + bX - vee a Ranolfi mn lessee seese eeeses = Raaalio mo‘ist ieoian S619 Zsms000 Somer Sled & 1989 oma Senso “fomzes tamenes Sto, & la onan x09 noses es0610 a:20 & 3989 sesa0 tease “naires ‘sedan trees foe nose 21676 asso deme tortnas 40. 1 esos “edo Sioomnae ‘sw.as ‘ects 1 166 4100 nets aisne% senona6 ee 2 isor feas st lone sseersn Somele M190) 12028 aston momo ion. sreete oat M0058 24s wsssenat reasees. sozanes INS TOSSA? stb) Asia (Gage ~ “assases —ton) = 78 asses Isa Soc caus «SOY ER Lepssnesees newvavenne bouseseuy Or a a Da 3199 HYDROLOGY & WATER AVAILABILITY estan exanerer " 2894 (e+) — 79% (8 = 99 Janus fom 0647S are gen ble. 9 The Spee ie i he np ft oat oe mth BBY, Moxie enipaknned hat mew rede enraplt he Seeeane a nation Beem 10035 iver lo cae Sean C907) {agen 6479). The a (an be eugene st 1 00859 Fo0ms isis8 sat ts feony Samm Une m0 tase “ota tain 210 ts notes tse 28 vs “00 Lis 8 tw its 230 “poia1 ser aK Yess ais aot pavan ons S0384 Surveys and Investigations ‘he authority wh decided about dhe Gaal propra for decal 12 Topographical Surveys a Teftraptie Sen fr a a apparent wr tira tobe meaned weer the bp of Srey of tad stot ‘brsned for eaalahing primary rid and i petal ‘Sry by seal pheogapy wal done tbe Surwy of Inde” Lena be waufered ony Ho (G58. Bench Mute To caw Boch Mara eed le dance ton ty shout tamed tt of eteshoughacha of pemanet peste eed METEOROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 18 afore sng any inane i accra shoal et be attminchs "i would te tapi tk metered he dened sre eqs be cried nt a ive (River ry in ng of km aprtam ad 1 > STinctan orth teeny Lghdlel Soto of ti ont Tiedt SMatove High Food Lev) HEL 4 barage srstre dai srvry ape wl ia ag ak cm lan of Fg kan Sy ETS foe ered LAND “Tol “bach LANDSAT habe spi cng of 5), a ey 18 dae Theme "OS Dats Center Sus, Pal, South Daborn 37198 (USA), al Investigations18h -SURVENS AND INVESTIGATIONS “Win the mop fond a wat done {@) The prominat reppin (8) Normal aaa hye. (6) acaion of range ations and arn the ‘Stehmnt are aad divhege a (nngeg Tervan ortnay ata venga). (2) Sharaf einen cnet (6) Losaon of pm eprtion vations (0) er Steaeeroatonl boundaries (Location of exiting Raingnge Satine (4 Ran dat (cin) fr at eae 1 yee (@) Day ©) towy, Stay Showy, 12Romey (Gi) Propet aingae aioe(loeatae 785g ‘ould be om ainesuge sation) nT Nt hve (a) Eocton (@) ean Seti segtbouhond hold berate Stand pres emo nu tere ep nda Maworlogiat Dats fr the flloving te ellctd at amparg te, (Terperanre records of the aces, (ay minimum, sscrage and mono (Daly wind wean (iy Pan eeaporton da ‘eae valle Information 90 te llowing est ay Weise et years "ih Me nttade and (i) Neos evan {a Mean mth sin fr ton spears if 6) Men monly emi, anime and mini, (0)_Wind wl in Be. Months veage (a) Ree handy percentage noe (i) Prantage of goed cover -en 44 HydeotgialTavetigntons, Following tyologeal aun shod be collected and sno) sald een fr tla toe Jue he project he analy fear water maybe sine aad rept mais ‘Grogs ad doctarge dary Mod acute should be teak fp dense River doppia shal be pated. (Leeson of ening it (Gea cole at a 10 yen){> Mn des ae ey oe (3 Roy ae ing nt Sediment sreroations , eat, 145 Construction Materia Investguions Pasrution Matra” whit puning teense seion 148 Proterigston Soil Survey & Drainage Sel Surveys for Maltiparpove Projects ™ 1A Special Surveys for Hyaee Elects Project ‘The avey of hydeless (3) Prot postion of power supply in her load lad actor gested pe BW ees (Desi sar loads wo te neve IEy dem, antipated yin rode (i) Invaigation epardiog wath rey ennacin (9) The tree plan shun Jet iin abril Boo tee oe ace, ‘aud soa the pe homes wl be nda 6) Msimum nd ini mostly temperature and ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS: 7 8 Cite nied cottnd eae ‘ “The aver all encology of the region i likely to be ected by cr ne ta ke te sree re wi ie biaryl fh ae Svat the prop rate shou be incorporated ra ese canyon pk ya Maton inthe nen props! foe sabmerged.” The Herel th fies ued ver and nad for SEE" y animate tn the acer popeed to be submerge Scie nen seal he deat fsck ee in No" dpcur whether the eat nibmergd ef a9 vendor shou een of toro ay ata {hat may be eented due to De nmin ofthe bea well Severed wid Wie nthe repon Whersr necnary Sprcmen othe Se Gove esing wth ra sf th eatin ofa "This nec bap wo be examined {nnlason with the aporpeie department athe Sine Govrseat and prove of fh ls ste mena, \lesne ecomomy, wos hav be conor,” Some