po | ctermation of DE: NW® — praprent _ poptlecli on: SH onc) aN at (OrdaeG degree ‘of Dei: “onder: of 'DE> is Ane Wigrent - dercvedive. prenent veten [et etter J on tre ey “Ley 20 & coses ond.on 7 ‘Scanned with CamScannerTH Numerdend Soludkim of ODE: | | We ater come cen ss nom probleme im Science & Exginearong which can be Teduesd alo tne prob igm ob solving b: oxlihing caret ain’ ‘giten cand ten An BE ODE om ef! egyptain -a One independeml vorlablé and one ‘dependent vard able and at oot one ob tie Ho derevelfven turest independent wardable Ar genenal fore of tre whut orcdore and Dent desi if dy 44 ay)-@ ‘Scanned with CamScannerMors amalsticol meleeds of entisl 4. solve, such equation. Dub trone methods caniede Le solve all a selected alow of aebferurtia! Fa. CDF) - Sornsh ren a DE cammof be colved of . ab ore qivea alethions Wwe are sq dirt 6 obdedar Fore caving quel WDE pumervtal petheds ‘ore ured. In mumarvdal: Mettud we dos | not want ty pend relation between behreen inde pendent and depondont (4) variables, bul we Died tne nurierdeal value of trex dependent varalle or ‘terctain volusn of tae independert Neurciable. ; St is well eran trod | DE co order on will hove, m olor trary constant in fits set qerercod soluctim . Aiea ao ae JB 4926 \ / ay / omy d =O zw mets | | A YC Cost A Co sina, na | a gerssreel soluds'on. ‘Scanned with CamScannerNeoee Ane 0.8 of. Fa the Ye Sonre.. Cm WwW @ th am onletirarcy eorrlenl. of . Jt along wilh We DE’ we aru edn given a porn} Cra Yo) then ordi g Cer 40) 1m Fq (2) ve com opt the value of cortemt Ce “TAI s+ comdtiH On ef tre ints called a barptia, ore intial aondten problem < jn .which aly We aomdjhons ane cpeaihied 1 ok fee favtbtoel. PL contra one calléd . Initial value problemy Cfves) dss tg sa Joa), y (9) =» = B-—@-G) ham (attal vlue, prablem » an reanse of j PraPtems which Involve ceacnd amd higher ondae, [Pr Me ay. oiled tne otitios ab | shwe ore more poirhs » tere, problem, cna called | ‘Scanned with CamScannerml aye Bewrdarry value, problems rE ~ 4 Eq: & 36 yo =o “Q)2 2 xy a) Went ore several nurrorieal method - suelo O Pleands Meiked of Auscecsive Agprearuimebion. ‘© Ewlenis me ded - & moditied Fulen'y Method ( Mibre's method é Tay lore's persial, Method © Pamge Kuta metnad- ‘Scanned with CamScannerPleana’s_Metued wt sueearnive Arsenierel'en' Led wo cont dere the BE Ye om = Hay) -— 6 and? Y Ca) = @-—- @, ed inte grocting Eo, 0) between, Har Comman fomcl'ng Units, lore x &y, we acy 9 ca [xy = SL dey) nu Je * X woe = f diy) dn. dade t [SoG In eq G3, ee unlersey dm q if: promt Undue the inegreal sign; An eq): ok Hey hy called am jorkeg rol eq” - Guven ar ‘Scanned with CamScannerey com be colve by the procmmy 6 4 suas apr appre mation ore intes rod for Now tre inte grade s oO fr of x ona and ah tmadlteq, Indie qgted mn vortigedh on can be percdumed . Hence we gk dinnl appretimah oy Yo Substitobing jt oe Xf im tne ioteregrand « ey) 3 and integrating aqoun the we get Seaond apprardynecion. (2, Finnt oppecorntmo i F () t Ayu g ~aetf Joy Ho. 6 HO and Seoond app voximechon bq ty | 4? . Mp Sf fea, dun e. | | procteding dom to's wr away, We qt; ye IM, ‘Scanned with CamScannerhun the m , the appreadyn ation d J given by f? > 4, nia C$oa.4 (1) © The process is pupented oF mamy -Hrnet of Bony MB ne Neecern one on dex In Poca se prveess shopped whew Ye nu. ‘ Fwo valuis of Yo viz 48D amd g® 2 on +0 she dessiteed degnoa of- Cncunn 4 ‘Scanned with CamScanner4}-03-2822 Ue. % caredic vnethod te appoimale q whin B02, given buf a= rey y® =4 Uke we. have, Were fons) 23-4 and %> 03 G24 Aecore. ting to tne F eonds ynetiod of su ceegsive. opprters motions we have the iat opp nerd med io i. do +f fey dW dx edt fe a : até > Jae t Se iz w grd approtimalten; £? 24.7 [tag a) dx ‘Scanned with CamScannerasd 4th opplons maliern : fa) Pan fbi) ae me aA, 1,” a) | (- -) Vy B ae | ‘Scanned with CamScanneren iC Ye) ox : oe 1 s bo a a i a a T fo 720 when %=0.2. wa aet ; 4) | @ 4 ef = 0.42, of? 203 3B6X, Y= 0. $5340 (4) ond 6) gd’ = OB? Y= 0.43946 [upto 4 decival walue; & same}, Wests] TE on Bete work ze; aor ae ® ‘ abs ‘Scanned with CamScannerTH Use P chard s approximate method “be peretin. welke Ane value of d wren x= Od given trod. vw a B20 T y@ =4s on ind tne 3P4 appreecimmote valua +o gq whan eo) Al tru Ive ws Aga! Guven sy aly ut ‘Scanned with CamScannerGaven dy ees Savy” Auoreding $0 Piconda apprroxirmadion tL. sv: - a [de wh 7” 44 + [be +1) dn OY ~ ; + 3 mw nd: dP = f" per y *] ae = d+ epee V 2 D ssf i gis idur sb a78) L 0 2 s 4 x 2 Zz Ay Bae et nae a + OR ae eat “Fadgnekion will be dived so dnd pat: os opprennivece valus of - ed = bess 9.4204 Col a> 0-1) aw, ‘Scanned with CamScannerExeneise: 1 Solve ay y eK aa Yarn given ys by pieored% rv}, and find oud , od xi bd Peondirg to Pleands oppressed ton: f = tp ae dm fr) dn. +{" d (age) "~X “44 J dem nt a a we ae" a5 te [MSE ese | ios af wae EY 1 nat tefre rsh: © bay, = bony A 4 a fant pot = deaae.f HO pe l a * 2 ay fer fs Pa x . = Brow, ‘ ad ema [a-ak = ALL. RN vad — oT) de ‘Scanned with CamScanner= avg . af a5 = J-x+2br-S +H =27+ = 4 S (= Se x4 an re - Me Se | Cea erpmateatiens will be ele: Hence » eee approximate value of 4 of 20 ‘ gen = Jo od + Cod) #0 E01)? oye Sey? = 4.02062" ‘Scanned with CamScannerTH Eulenws meted: St is one f tne olderd amd swe ssinpleel rained but abo tre enuderk wap deviced by aa A a fenbial Equahlen ar ane dined andere wey be y VU Hon . eT O™ in te s yimnoUe lorem “he Vong) UH = Yor @ Nor regia ting e@) ue ge o relation bet d Qx (Ce. q is « Lanchion of x) which mod be wrotten symbolically an Qe FX) -----@ Te groph obeg® @ fs @ conve frie wy Plen dnrh Sob f Cunt’; * Prrbe 2.3. 2, So, we have » 4 = Yet be Coys) = 14 002 (ES). 02 Woe y+ hd Ca) = nome o0g( 2-2 1.09 40-02, = Longe Bs yah Poi te) 2 bOsop+ 0, 07 [23-088 | (030 +004 = bOooqz dq = Jaan ta 49) = 1.0577 4 ove went J 10C%7 +0-00 = LOERL We das ECAH) = oz5e4 oon LO 78C= 008 1.07 56 +0-03 = 2.09228. ‘Scanned with CamScannerHemce Y= 1.6928 Exercuin Solve by os Evloscd even te uhen %=0 Soludton: Accord; Ce dna = qn * hoz O so Hert, Aor Ord: S02 Xs = As Urhe Oo 2 FOr 20-4 Ue- 0.4402 20-6 NXq = ObF O2= OF Ase o.gror> oF aC4) = 446 when yy yro-d. maltod , the lieing diverotial t x24 by teling hor. S47: qd boven Ewercs matted: dy}ax> YO WE Conga): | e=0t-- @ gem qs der ted (a1 be) = dt o2-(oxdjoa 52 = op — At or (201) = A+ 0.2K0-2 2 4.04 “Ya = 41044 0.2 (0.4 x104) = 464232 | Yq a 3.22927 0:2 (0-62 11232) \ = 4,25 %984 ds = 3.259004 0:2. (0841257984) z4d.ue ( Au ‘Scanned with CamScanner$B Use Eulerea mettod +o Find on approximate volus | 4 eoxerwel upto 4 decimal ploesr fon %=e01, given Se soy at “20, yet takeing he a02 Solum: Aecording to Kulerds metked, dna = dnvh Gar) Geiven; | ten A= We the O+ 0.2 = 002 | qe age hd (a0) \ = a4 00 be 1) \ O.9g8+ = 0-02+0.02 =o. . Nag = + 0.02 =0.04 (ace ava. (2-02 -0-98} = 0.96 1192 AZ= 0-04 +0-D2= 0-06 | de> 5.963192 + 0.02(5-04- Sout | FO 943544 Ay = 0.06 40-02 = 0°08 2 y } 44 <09a3514 x a CE = 0:92 bao9 i ” Ag 0-08x*OO022 OA fg = 0-926909-+ avorG-os- 0.92079) =O. 941426 ‘Scanned with CamScannerWY so = 0.0145 Cope 4 decival) sn Lh Gnd yyy rn {Ora a, = deg (arg) earns h=0.2. Sele: tcoding Eulores mated, , Geiven, Gan = dne h 4 (x ) a tog ety) Hee Or Fore din ter ede a = OL f= [e\c9) ba (+2) > 2.0602. Aw ‘Scanned with CamScanner_— How ce = 1.692 ere ae Ty 218203-29 hunge- Kutler Metltod Tas vathod war déuised by Pages about ne 1894 and encterted ky Kubla a fou errr Later. St is ame of ‘tne. most widly wey Eb porcticutouruy suttale jn The can when * tno eompictedions or ween deteivahvan ic ample ted. SL 4 unblhe! any of te mchied poglired fntne — proviows mated Lodeng, Hern tis. Inanemente af the tumetion-Ctumetiond) ante ally ween called ona # tom oSk 4 yaa of tae delovte ned ol overnubar- te ‘Scanned with CamScannerWwe avroidere. amy dinot ondere ODE d= = dep with titel eond,Hm Cr) > and Af We ee imlervel belween tne equidirtamar value ax. stron tow iv epleromt ine is compubed Soom ty ore mula y= wlan 1) tae hd (aes art) Kg = h F (wor, gee SE Kazhd (werk 1 qe ts) 44-2 + ko 2k, + Ka) Chamge +4 Ws obteunod by Yas pe rnul Taken jn dno given 6 ’ Then, 4a 2Koths y= Atay. ‘Scanned with CamScannerhe Implernent im y chon tne second jatenval is computed ine a shridor mannose by meson ab die Qonmulas ts = NS Gorey) te = bP G2}, ye HL) Ko. hf (yee » 3 ER Ka = y b(aae% , Ws ts) ke yf ne 4) 44-4 (ar ake +2k3 4 K In tne given onden/ Ba- Mt; ye Qi regs ‘amd so on “Yor tHe ruaeprive trlenvedl SL wilh ve. Tatnen nohied “Had antq cherge im ne Soremulan Fete due Ai Moronk intenvalo is The volus qd x @y Fe be cubsltected . Thur -te dnd 4y inthe 7M teu, we shold have to sbshudte exprumion ere Ki, Ka ete, An, 4p, inthe ‘Scanned with CamScannerGH ure Pumge Kutta Metked.to appruimece 4 when Brod amg KOR Qhen hed Wine? qW=4. Solu: We nave ve ysmry ) yOrt---@ 39 Here 4 (aug) cS at and %=0,; yee 4 | “aking h-so.t , we hove Ka = h Noes Ws od Cort) = - Kae hg (mee, > gr Be os (Se ont y 4:05) soll. Kae Ad (ooo 1 yer ka)e oa (045 +1955) = 0.4105 Ka = hf Gern ger ¥s) - 1 (ea 4 dates) - =0.12406 ‘Scanned with CamScannerewrge of 24> (Woanes ako tH) a OAt034 Thus 94 = Mth = oy 4a = der Ay = 4-11034 Seomd interval: = 0.1210 staking. he pid; we. hoje: " 7 Ka= 0.14209 ky = $ Coron wy “Skye 0 (32S q kale § Gort lyri) 2, eons Ay =o. 13246, Ot cea 2426" Yer get aye 4 ‘Scanned with CamScannerve L= 2 Gio) wy wring Runge Kutter Marthe With % = 9 & yoe4- Ee) Solve ay ay dro Me A OO JEn-2 Solve tue eq Hh nrg Ee tnthed. eandittion 9 (0)~ 1) ty Range kudha Metioe tren, 72040 A264 ec es SG ‘Scanned with CamScanner