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    Cristine Bellen
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    PRESSURE-LEAF-FILTER

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    18 views50 pages

    Pressure Leaf Filter

    Uploaded by

    Cristine Bellen

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Abstract The applicability of filtration process in physical separation makes it present in most of the manufacturing operations involved in different industries. In the growing industry of pili oil, filtration is one of the essential manufacturing procedures. Thus, this study was conducted in order to provide a solution to the improvement of the process in oil production obtained from pili-pulp. This study is about Pressure Leaf Filter, a type of filtration equipment which separates solid from a liquid in a solid-liquid mixture. Separation process takes place inside a pressure vessel, with pressure as the driving force for the separation process. The liquid, free from solid particles, is recovered from the vessel through a discharge outlet. The filter-leaves installed inside the vessel serve as the barrier to block the solid particles while allowing the fluids to pass through. The study focused on the Design, Fabrication and Experiment of the equipment. The efficiency of the equipment is evaluated by filtering pili pulp slurry and comparing the process to the recent method used in industry today. Findings showed significant difference in the product and with the filtration method compared to the manual filtration used in the industry. The process only took place for three minutes and fourteen seconds compared with the manual method taking place for fifteen minutes. Therefore, it was less laborious and less time was consumed. Comparing the extract collected using the filtration equipment; more oil can be readily noted after letting the extract stand for several hours. This proves that oil was really extracted. ‘After the experiment the researchers concluded that pressure leaf filter can really help in the processing of pili pulp oil. This equipment can indeed address the need for innovation of the growing pili oil industry. CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM Introduction Bicol Is the leading producer of pili and other pili products in the country Recently, it produces pili oil, which was studied for its physicochemical properties and found to have significant uses in the industry and other fields. Thus, the demand nowadays of pili oil is increasing With its increasing demand improvement and innovation of processing is needed Pili oll is produced by manual method of filtration and oil extraction. From the blanched pulp in lukewarm water, the water and oil mixture must be separated from the pulp. However, this method is laborious and time consuming The filtration stage is an essential step to produce the highest percent yield of oil This study will focus on process innovation through the application of an ctive separation technology by means of the design and fabrication of Pressure Leaf Filter. The equipment will facilitate efficient separation of the water and oil mixture from the pulp prior to the pili oil extraction proper. Filtration is performed to separate the solid from a liquid in a mixture by passage through a filter medium. The filter medium acts as the barrier to retain most of the solids while allowing the fluid to pass through A pressure leaf filter is among the various types of filtration equipment that is basically used for solid-liquid separation It aims to recover the component of the mixture which is of importance and can either be the liquid, the solid, or both. In order to obtain a fluid flow through the medium, a driving force must be used. Several types of driving force can be used in order to obtain a filtrate through a medium. One type is the vacuum (i.@. a negative pressure at the filter medium). Another is the gravity (i@. the hydrostatic head of the liquid above the medium) The centrifugal force is also used (i.e. amplified gravity effect). And pressure, which could either be fluid pressure (imposed by the suspension feed pump), or mechanical pressure (a squeezing effect) and the use of other force fields. There are basically two types of filtration used in practice, the surface filters and depth filters. Surface filters are used for cake filtration in which the solids are deposited in the form of a cake on the upstream side of the relatively thin filter medium, while depth filters are used for deep bed filtration in which particle deposition takes place inside the medium and cake deposition on the surface is undesirable. The equipment that the proponents will design and fabricate will be used only in the separation of the water and oil mixture from the pulp. However, the oil that will be produced will not be determined. This filtration equipment as shown in Figure 4.1. (page 19) will use surface filters. The equipment consists of conditioning tank where the pulp and water will be placed. Using a pump, the pulp and water will be sucked going through the filtration vessel. With the pressure, the pulp and water will be pushed in the leaf filters. The leaf filter is designed in such a way that series of filter will be used consisting of layers of filter cloth, small size filter screen, large filter screen, and support. In the center of the leaf filter is a space for the extract collected, wherein, at the bottom of the leaf, collecting tube is attached to the main tube leading to the faucet for the final collection of the water and oil mixture. The effectiveness of the equipment will be determined by comparing the yield using the equipment with the yield using manual extraction. Statement of the Problem This study aims to address the need for improvement in the separation of oil and water mixture from the pulp in process of pili oil production using Pressure Leaf Filter. Specifically, the project study aims to answer the following » What is the design and specifications of the materials used in the Construction of the Pressure Leaf Filter? Can the equipment effectively separate water and pili pulp mixture? 3. Is the equipment applicable to other solid-liquid mixtures separation? Objectives of the Study 1. To design and construct a Pressure Leaf Filter capable of separating Solid-liquid mixture of Pili Pulp and water. 2. To identify the right specifications of the materials to be used, 3. To perform test using Pili Pulp and water mixture in order to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the equipment. Significance of the Study This study has significance to the following: > For the pili oil industry: To aid in the efficient separation of the water and oil mixture from the Pulp in the pili oil manufacture. » For the community: The project will supplement new ideas about how separation is done in anew approach. > For future researchers: The Project will serve as a related literature and reference for future study about the filtration process and the device modification to attain better efficiency, Scope and Delimitation The study will design and fabricate a pressure leaf filter for the separation of pili pulp and water-oil mixture. Design process includes the overall specification of the equipment and the selection of the materials to be used. The amount of oil to be produced, its purity and chemical composition is beyond the concern of the researchers. The sole interest is the physical separation of pili pulp and water mixture during oil-extraction process. Cork Composites (Gasket) — low cost and compressible allowing substantial deflection with negligible side flow. It will conform to irregular surfaces, has good resistance to water, oil and many chemicals. It should not be used with inorganic acids and alkalis, oxidizing solutions and live steam. Elevation Head — energy per unit mass possessed by a fluid as a result of its height above some reference level Exit Loss — dissipation of kinetic energy when a fluid flow from a pipe to a large reservoir Friction Loss — energy loss relative to Reynold’s No. and relative roughness of the pipe Galvanized metal sheet — simply steel or iron in some form that has received a thin coating of zine oxide. The purpose of the zinc is to protect the metal from elements that normally would lead to oxidation, corrosion and the eventual weakening of the steel or iron. It is shaped into straight parallel ridges and hollows for rigidity. Internal Stress — a stress existing as a result of thermal changes, having been worked, or irregularity of molecular structure Kinematic viscosity — a measure of the resistive flow of a fluid under the influence of gravity. It is the ratio of the viscosity of a fluid to its density. Minor Loss — energy loss through the elbows, tees, valves, meters and other control element Pressure Head — the internal energy of the fluid due to the pressure exerted on its container Reducer — component of a pipeline that reduces the pipe size from larger to smaller bore (inner diameter) Suction Head — the energy per unit weight of a fluid at the suction side of the pump Tee joint — a pipe fitting that joins one pipe to another that runs in one direction perpendicular to the main run Ultimate strength — Maximum unit stress that a material can withstand when subjected to an applied load in a compression, tension or shear test. Velocity Head — unit energy of a fluid stream flowing to its motion 13 CHAPTER 3 METHODS AND PROCEDURE DESIGN PROCESS The general steps followed by the proponents in the design of the equipment are the following: . Design of the Vessel and Material Selection . Process Lay-out Pump Selection Motor Horsepower Selection RON Design of the Vessel and Material Selection The diameter of the tank is based from the total number of filter leaves planned to be installed inside the vessel. After determining the diameter the height was set from considering a total volume of 30L inside the vessel. The selection of materials for the construction of the vessel was based on two factors, availability in the market, and economic consideration. It was opted to use cast iron, Gl# 15 having the thickness of 1.5mm. The reason for this choice of material is that it is the only available material that fits to be durable enough to sustain high pressure and easy enough to cut, shape, and bend during the fabrication. Process Lay-out The complete process layout consists of conditioning tank, pump, motor and the pressure vessel. The piping system was also drawn based on the designated function of the system. 14 Pump Selection Pump selection considered the nature of the mixture to be processed. The pump must be capable of transferring solid-liquid mixture. Motor Horsepower Selection Motor power selection will depend on the power requirement of the available pump. INITIAL COMPUTATIONS The following computations aided the design process of the equipment. Detailed computations are in Appendix A Maximum Allowable Pressure of Vessel The diameter of the designed pressure tank was set to be 34.5 cm. The basis for this diameter value is the 5 number of filter leaves planned to be installed, It was assumed that this vessel is a thin walled pressure vessel. In order to verify this assumption, the proponents used the following computation: Where: t=thickness Dj=inside diameter If: & <.07 it is classified as thin walled cylinder Refer to Elements of Machine Design by Faires dy g9'0= semodessoH duind 1s) zamodassoy duund payndwoo ayy “Wesks eu} Joy papaeu Jamodesio}y dung ey) aUIUE}eP O} JEPO Ut Peynduico SI Jemodessoy Jeyem ‘peey s1WeUAP e}0} OU} JO uoneyndwoo 34} Jeyy papeen semodesioy duind elf} JO uopejnduiog pes'ZEL = peeH o1weUcG [e}0L yeey SIWeUAP |2}0} peyndwco uonesepisuco oyu! Burje) pedwnd eq ysnw eUL ‘edid ayy ul sesso] UOROLY a4) ping e yeu) jUBley yUeeninbe ey} Jo UoHeWUNS s! peEYy o1WweUAp [e}O} BU. peay ajweuhg jejoy Jo uoneyndwod isd 9Z¢°€9 = uNsseld BIGeMo}ly [ed}eJ084) WNWIxeW (g 0) Jenba Ajayeg jo Joey e Bulsn) ‘jessen eu) Jo aunsseud eiqemojfe WNWIXeW [ed}eJ0ay) By) Joy BuANdWOD ‘J@S8S8A aunsseid pajjem-ulU) e SI! JEU) PEA s) sueyoueeses ey) Aq epew uoKdunsse ey) ‘eroge uo! st SPECIFIC PROCEDURE OF FABRICATION Pressure Vessel Preparation of the following: 1) 2 pieces angle bar shaped into circular form with the diameter of 13.64" 2) 2 pieces parabolic shaped G.I. Sheet with the total height of equal to 5 cm and diameter of 13.58” 3) 1 rectangular G.|, Sheet with dimension of 43,66” x 7.79" formed into cylindrical shape with a diameter of 13.58”. 4) ‘rectangular sheet with dimension of 43.66" x 3.23" formed into cylindrical shape with a diameter of 13.58” Assembly: Cover: Body: Refer to the materials indicated above. 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