NSTP

MIDTERM REVIEWER/ STUDY GUIDE

MINDSET DEFINED

Here are some definitions to help you answer, ―What is Mindset?

1. A fixed mental attitude or disposition that predetermines a person’s responses to and

interpretations of situations. (The Free Dictionary)
2. A mental inclination, tendency, or habit. (Merriam-Webster.com – Medical Dictionary) 3.
A person’s usual attitude or mental state is his or her mindset. (Vocabulary.com)
3. A person’s way of thinking and their opinions. (Cambridge Dictionary)
4. An attitude, disposition, or mood. (Dictionary.com)
5. The ideas and attitudes with which a person approaches a situation, esp when these are
seen as being difficult to alter. (World English Dictionary.)
6. The established set of attitudes held by someone. (Oxford Dictionary)

THE IMPORTANCE OF MINDSET

1. It is not essentially our physical selves that restrict us but rather our mindset about
our limitations.
2. Mindset is necessary to develop a healthy self-esteem and also frames our self-concept.
3. It is an indispensable instrument that influences our daily self-dialogue and
strengthen (augment) our most confidential beliefs’ attitudes and feelings
4. What we believe affects what you achieve… our frame of mind and our outlook are part
conscious and part unconscious which can be learned or unlearned.

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STORY: THE ELEPHANT MINDSET

One guy was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact that these
huge creatures were being held by only a rope tied to their legs. It was obvious that the elephants
could, at any time, break away from the ropes they were tied to but for some reason, they did
not. He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these beautiful, magnificent animals just stood
there and made no attempt to get away.

"Well,", trainer said, "when they are very young and much smaller, we use the same size
rope to tie them and at the age, it’s enough to hold them. As they grow up, they are conditioned
to believe they cannot break away. They believe the rope can still hold them, so they never try to
break free." He was amazed. These animals could, at any time, break free from their bonds but
because they believed they couldn't, they were stuck right where they were. Their powerful and
gigantic creature has limited its present abilities by the limitations of its past.

THE TWO BASIC TYPES OF MINDSET

FIXED MINDSET

A fixed mindset, proposed by Stanford professor Carol Dweck in her book Mindset,
describes people who see their qualities as fixed traits that cannot change. With a fixed mindset,
talent is enough to lead to success and effort to improve these talents isn’t required: one is born
with a certain amount of skill and intelligence that can’t be improved upon.

GROWTH MINDSET

In a growth mindset, people believe that their most basic abilities can be developed
through dedication and hard work—brains and talent are just the starting point. This view creates
a love of learning and a resilience that is essential for great accomplishment. (Dweck, 2015)

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MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FIXED AND GROWTH MINDSET

The main difference between the two mindsets is the belief in the permanence of
intelligence and ability; one views it as very permanent, with little to no room for change in either
direction, while the other views it as more changeable, with opportunities for improvement (or,
for that matter, regression).

This difference in mindset may lead to marked differences in behavior as well. If someone
believes intelligence and abilities are immutable traits, they are not likely to put in much effort to
change their inherent intelligence and abilities. On the other hand, those who believe they can
change these traits may be much more willing to put in extra time and effort to achieve more
ambitious goals. With a growth mindset, individuals may achieve more than others because they
are worrying less about seeming smart or talented and putting more of their energy into learning
(Dweck, 2016).

HONESTY

We’ve heard of the popular adage “HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY” probably more than
a hundred times, so far. We’re writing it on our friend’s autograph notebooks and reciting it
whenever we’re asked about our motto. Most probably, we will hear and/or read this sentence
again for the remaining years of our lives.

The questions at hand are: “Have we all been completely honest? Have we never told a lie?
Even a white lie? Is there a single person in this world who has never lied?”

Before we answer the questions above, let us try to define the word HONESTY first. If you
look for the meaning of it in the interweb, numerous related words would pop-up. These include
truth, righteousness, uprightness, condor, frankness, credibility, sincerity, and integrity to name
a few.

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 However, if you delve deeper, you’d find out that honesty is more than “not lying “. Being
honest means that you speak and act based on what is morally right. It includes not hiding the
truth to yourself and to others, not breaking rules and regulations with or without others noticing,
and not taking something that is not yours to begin with.

WHY BE HONEST? (THE IMPORTANCE OF HONESTY)

Honesty isn’t always ABC. It takes constant application and reflection. Here are 5(five)
reasons why honesty is important:

1. No relationship, in any context, would last without HONESTY. These

relationships can be with a romantic partner, a family member, a friend, a classmate,
or a workmate. Each party would not feel secured, and even genuine care and love
would turn into doubtful actions if you’re constantly lying and constantly deceiving
each other.

2. You cannot expect everyone to be mind-readers. Being honest isn’t only

limited to telling the truth about facts but it is also about the way you are feeling.
Honesty goes hand-in-hand with communication. Whenever someone does something
hurtful, give them the opportunity to right their wrongs and to improve their ways by
addressing their mistakes. Bottling up your feelings does no good to others and to
yourself. Instead, learn to be honest, to be light-hearted, at least.

3. We are innately curious individuals. Whenever we can’t get a hold of the truth,
we always try to guess it. This breeds gossip and could lead to more lies and
misunderstandings. Some could feel betrayed when the truth finally comes out. Every
negative outcome could be avoided if honesty was exercised in the first place.

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 4. Concealing the truth is usually more hurtful than the truth itself. You often
hide the truth because you get afraid that the other party would worry or get angry.
You try to give them fake hopes; often times, these comforts are temporary. Once the
truth is revealed, another burst of negative emotions would come flooding leading to
walls built and relationship scarred.

5. Turning back gets hard once you started lying. A lie would lead to another lie that
would eventually lead to another lie until it becomes harder and harder to tell the truth
rather than telling a lie. Once you get comfortable and once you let yourself believe the
lies, you start living inside this made-up world where everything may appear perfect
but everything is dark underneath.

Honesty does more good than harm. Relationships are hard to break when they’re always tied
with honesty and proper communication.

WHAT SHOULD ONE DO? (A GUIDE TO BEING HONEST)

1. Figure out why you lie and who you lie to.

Everything has a reason. Just like we all lie/have lied at one point in our
lives for different reasons. Unless you come up with a systematic plan to identify
5W’s and 1H, you would always spiral back to lying.

• Lying to ourselves to make ourselves feel better or worse, lying to

our own peers whenever we want to appear mightier than what we really are, lying
to others to avoid embarrassment, and lying to authorities to get out of the
equivalent punishment are some of the examples of WHO’s and WHY’s.

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2. Anticipate behaviour that will make you feel guilty.

Thousands of temptations will pass through our lives. Take note of the word “pass
through.” You must remember to not be blinded by the temptations and just let all of them
pass through, ignoring everything you know will only cause you unnecessary amount of
harm.

• If you know cheating in class would get you expelled, it is best to avoid it.

• If you know cheating on your partner would make you feel guilty all the
time and would eventually ruin your relationship, it is always best to stand firm and stick
to what is morally right.

3. Stop comparing yourself to others.

4. Accept the consequences and decide to face them.

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DRUG EDUCATION

WHAT IS A DRUG?

A drug is a chemical substance that brings about physical, emotional, or behavioral change
in a person taking it. It is also a substance other than food or water intended to be taken or
administered to alter, sustain, or control the recipients’ physical, mental, or emotional estate.

ORIGIN OF DRUGS

1. Natural
Anything that comes from nature
2. Synthetic
Anything that is produced artificially or processed in the laboratory

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS DEPENDING ON THEIR PHARMACOLOGICAL

EFFECTS

STIMULANTS

drugs which increase alertness and physical disposition

EXAMPLES:

CAFFEINE

Caffeine is a drug that is naturally produced in the leaves and seeds of many plants.
It's also produced artificially and added to certain foods. Caffeine is defined as a drug
because it stimulates the central nervous system, causing increased alertness. Caffeine
gives most people a temporary energy boost and elevates mood.

Caffeine is in tea, coffee, chocolate, many soft drinks, and pain relievers and other
over-the-counter medications.

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 NICOTINE

Nicotine creates pleasant feelings in the body and mind. When you use tobacco,
your brain releases neurotransmitters such dopamine, the feel-good chemical. This
creates a brief feeling of contentment and pleasure.

DEPRESSANTS

drugs that reduce or decrease the activity of the central nervous system or any bodily
function

EXAMPLES:

BENZODIAZEPINES

Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs that can treat a range of conditions. Doctors
often prescribe them to treat anxiety, seizures, and insomnia.

CANNABIS

When the flowers of these plants are harvested and dried, you’re left with one of
the most common drugs in the world. Some call it weed, some call it pot, and others call it
marijuana.

According to the World Health Organization, it is by far the most widely cultivated,
trafficked, abused illicit drug. It is derived from the plant Cannabis Sativa used for several
psychoactive preparations. It impairs cognitive development (capabilities of learning) and
psychomotor performance.

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HALLUCINOGENS

drugs that affect sensation, thinking, self-awareness and emotion

EXAMPLES:

MESCALINE

It came from Lophophora williamsii, which is referred to as Peyote Cactus from

North and South American. A slice of this “peyote buttons” was part of the North and
South American Indian tribes' religious rites or ceremonies for a thousand years. It leads
to rich visual hallucinations, euphoria, dream -like state, laughter, open and closed eye
visualizations, synesthesia such as “seeing a sound” or “hearing colors,” and pupil dilation.

SEDATIVES

drugs which may reduce anxiety and excitement

EXAMPLES:

TRANQUILIZERS

Tranquilizers are a class of drugs that are capable of inducing a state of relaxation,
or creating the feel of “tranquility”. Tranquilizers are typically used to help calm
individuals who have severe mental health issues or who are prone to high anxiety levels.
Other uses for tranquilizers include preparation for surgery and to induce sleep.

ALCOHOL

Alcohol is one of the most widely-used substances in the world. Drinking is

commonly normalized, and embraced by many as an accepted form of social engagement.
However, regularly drinking even moderate amounts of alcohol may be associated with
adverse effects and may put people at risk of certain short- and long-term health
consequences.

The Philippines is the second largest consumer of alcoholic beverages in Southeast

Asia.

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CLARIFICATION OF TERMS

USE

Substance use is any consumption of alcohol or drugs. Something as commonplace

as having a beer with friends during dinner is considered substance use. Substance use
may not be a problem or lead to abuse or dependency in some people.

MISUSE

Drug misuse is generally associated with prescription medicines. Prescription

medicines are meant to be taken as directed by doctors. This is because these types of
drugs can cause adverse side effects if directions are not followed.

ABUSE

Substance abuse is when someone continues to use drugs or alcohol even when it
causes problems, such as trouble with work, family, or their health. For instance,
continuing to use drugs knowing you’ll be fired if you fail a drug test is a sign of abuse.

DEPENDENCE

When a person needs one or more drugs to function is referred to as drug

dependence.

ADDICTION

Drug addiction, also known as severe substance use disorder, is a brain disorder
that manifests as the uncontrollable use of a substance despite its consequences. People
with drug addiction have a physical and/or psychological need to take a substance because
they suffer intense or debilitating withdrawal symptoms when they go without that
substance.

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FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DRUG ADDICTION

1. Risk-taking behavior
2. Poor future orientation
3. Conditioning
4. Family model
5. Sociocultural factors

WHEN SOMEONE YOU LOVE HAS A DRUG ABUSE OR ADDICTION PROBLEM

1. You cannot force someone you love to stop abusing drugs.

2. Don’t expect your loved one to be able to quit without support.
3. Recovery will be an ongoing process.

NSTP MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE | DKCG