Software Testing and Quality Assurance

Unit Testing
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Definition
• Unit Test:
• is a software test method in which a programmer tests if individual units of source code are
fit for use.
• A unit is the smallest testable part of an application.
• In procedural programming a unit may be an individual function or procedure while in
object-oriented programming, the smallest unit is usually a class.

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Unit Testing
• Unit testing is conducted in two complementary phases:
• Static unit testing (code review)
• Dynamic unit testing

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Life Cycle

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Definition
• Test execution: is the process of executing the code and comparing the expected and actual
results.
• The typical objectives of test execution are to: Stimulate the items under test in a controlled
manner so as to cause failures that can be used to identify defects.
• The aim is to spend as much time executing as possible
• The test execution can be either manual or Automatic.

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Definition
• Types of test executions:
• 1) Manual via a set of function calls
• Hard to check when the number of test cases grows
• 2) Fully automatic without programmers assistance
• Not possible so far
• 3) Automatic with programmers assistance
• • Unit testing SDKs, and libraries such as JUnit test, and XCT

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Unit Testing Structure
Before Class
• Usually unit testing has major parts
• class testing function, which executed once at the beginning Before Test_1
and ending of a collection of tests. Test_1
• Testing function, which aim to test a special code (function,
class, or process). After Test_1

• Before/After testings, are functions that executed before Before Test_2

and after each test function.
Test_2

After Test_2

After Class
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JUnit Testing
• To write Testing Code for Android apps you can use JUnit test, which is related to Java, or use
android testing for Kotlen.

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JUnit Test
• to identify a class as testing class, you should write it in the testing package, and it should
contains testing annotations by necessity.
• Testing annotations:
• @Before • @DisplayName(“”) This list of annotations available in junit 5.*

• @Test • @RepeatedTest(10)
• @After • @ParametrizedTest
• @BeforeClass • @ValueSource(ints={2,3,4})
• @AfterClass

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JUnit Testing Example
• First things first
• import the annotations that you are going to use.

Then write you class name, and de ne all the

variables that might be used in the test.

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JUnit Testing Example
Before Class

Before Test_1

Test_1

After Test_1

Before Test_2

Test_2

After Test_2

After Class
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JUnit Testing Example
• Will test this function now

This is the testing code

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 JUnit Testing Example

- First we initialized an object from the class we want to test

- then we execute the target function using test cases value
- nally we compare the expected result as mentioned in the test case,
with the actual results

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s

Triangle Example

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When Success

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When Failed

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Force Failed

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Asset functions
• There are a list of assertion functions that can be used.
• assertEquals: used to compare expected and actual results, and there are many overloads to
cover all data types

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AssetEqual
• When dealing with floats or doubles there is an extra parameter you can add, that refers to the
tolerance between the actual and the expected results
• e.g. if the difference between the two values is less than 0.1 consider it pass

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Another Assertions
• Assert.assertNotEqual • Assert.assertThrow
• Assert.assertNull • Assert.assertSame
• Assert.assertNotNull • Assert.assertNotSame

• Assert.assertArrayEquals
• Assert.assertFalse
• Assert.assertTrue

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Testing With Call backs
• Mobile apps usually based on callback function, and functional programming, and each process
might be based on request.
• All the previous unit tests are direct and will not wait for a request to complete or for a thread
to finish.
• There are special annotations and techniques used to force the unit test to wait for the results
from a request, or a thread.

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 Testing with callbacks
• Creating a countdown object called latch to set the number of threads need to wait in a single
test

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Testing With XCT for iOS
• XCT is a shortcut for Xcode Testing
• XCT implements the same structure as all test class structure except for before and after
class
• Also XCT uses the same assert collection of comparing functions

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XCTAssert

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XCT with callback

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XCT Functions
• -setUp : before a test start
• tearDown : after the test finish
• test function should start with the word
“test”

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XCT Performance Testing

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Test Driven Development
• TDD is the practice of writing unit tests and development code concurrently and at a very fine
level of granularity.
• programmers first write a small portion of a unit test, and then they write just enough
development code to make that unit test compile and execute

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TDD Design

Design Test

Implement Implement

Test Test
normal testing TDD
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Design - Test - Implement - Test
• Figure out what we want to do
• Write a test to express the design << should fail
• Write the code
• Test again << should success

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TDD Stages

Write a test

Refactor code
Compile
(and test)

Run test,
Fix compile errors
watch it pass

Run test,
Write code
watch it fail

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TDD Example with XCT
• Movies filter
• there is a struct called movie which represent a movie info.
• we want to write a method that filters an array of movies based on release year

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Media struct (The parent of movies and shows)

• We want to filter the list based on release date

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TDD example
• Write the function we want to test

Write the testing code

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TDD Example
• Write the function code

Test Again

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Hint
• When writing a function such as filter in swift check for Functional Programming

its 10% better in our small example

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Example #1
 Factorial Function
• Req 1: 0! = 1 package MyClass
• Req 2: 1! = 1
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*
• Req 3: n! = n * (n-1)!
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test

class factorialTest
  @Tes
  public void shouldReturnOneWhenZeroIn()
  assertEquals(1, fact.factorial(0))
 
}

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}

 Req 1 - Code
• As we write this test we will get an compilation error complaining about the missing factorial
method and fact class.

public    class fact

  static  int factorial(int i)
         if (i==0
        return 1
else return -
 

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}

Req 2 - Test Code

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 Req 2 - Code
public class fact
  static  int factorial(int i)
         if (i==0 || i==1
        return 1
else return -
 

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}

Req 3 - Test

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 Req 3 - Code
public    class fact
  static  int factorial(int i)
        if (i==0 ||i==1
  return 1
         else return factorial(i-1)*i

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}

Example #2
Password validation
• Requirements
• length larger than or equal to 6 characters.
• length smaller than or equal to 10 characters.
• Contains at least one digit
• Contains at least one upper case character.

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Test Cases
• Ab123 • Abc123456789 • Abcdefg • 1bcdefg • 1Abcdef
• >= 6 char. • >= 6 char. • >= 6 char. • >= 6 char. • >= 6 char.
• <= 10 char. • <= 10 char. • <= 10 char. • <= 10 char. • <= 10 char.
• one digit • one digit • one digit • one digit • one digit
• upper case. • upper case. • upper case. • upper case. • upper case.

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Test Code

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Test Results

This is the current code >>

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The Code

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Mobile Students only

Learn more about Espresso Testing for

Android in the Lab course
https://developer.android.com/training/testing/ui-testing/espresso-testing
Software Development Students only

Learn more about Selenium Testing tool

for web pages to discuss it in the lecture