Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Business
Save Partner c1
Teachers Book
Original Title
business partner c1 teachers book
Save
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
U `nam`r‒s
S `siura` Ciio
Knrbn Onryen
Facebook Twitter
Useful
Not useful
wbtm
N r`siura` cnfo Eiwfjinencj` aiurs`ciio r`siura`s suam ns vbe`i ajbps,
Ky@fdjbsmJnc nuebi j`s, `xtrn prnatba` natbvbtb`s nfe suppj`k`ftnry S`nebfd cnfo,
Trbtbfd cnfo nfe Ps`huj jnfdund` cnfo.
Eunj naa`ss ti Ifjbf` wirociio
nfe S`siura`s Nf bft`rnatbv` wirociio hir nssbdfbfd prnatba` nfe t`sts.
naa`ss aie` bfsbe`
A>
Ebsaiv`r tm` bffivntbv` wirje ih Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r , n f`w `bdmt-j`v`j cusbf`ss
@fdjbsm aiurs` hir j`nrf`rs nfe prih`ssbifnjs wmi wnft ti aikkufbant`
``atbv`jy bf @fdjbsm bf tm` wiropjna`. Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r i`rs n mijbstba
npprinam ti t`nambfd jnfdund` nfe aikkufbantbif sobjjs tmriudm vbe`i
nfe aikkufbantbv` tnsos.
>7 37 17 57 07 87 47 =7 27
Hbfe iut kir` nciut tm` aiurs`, tm` r`siura`s nfe tm` ebdbtnj aikpif`fts
if tm` Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r w`csbt`< www.`fdjbsm.aik/cusbf`sspnrtf`r
`nam`r‒s
U
S
`siura` Ciio
Knrbn Onryen
A>
Bftrieuatbif
Iv`rvb`w Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r bs n ffi`xbcj` aiurs` e`sbdf`e hir n vnrb`ty ih j`nrf`rs. Bt bs subtncj` hir
stue`fts wbtm kbx`e ncbjbtb`s, r`qubr`k`fts nfe bft`r`sts nfe hir vnrb`e ajnss sbz`s wm`r`
tm` aikkif r`qubr`k`ft bs ti j`nrf prih`ssbifnj @fdjbsm jnfdund` nfe e`v`jip o`y sobjjs
hir tm` wiropjna`.
Tm`f tnjobfd ti j`nrf`rs, tm`br r`nsifs hir stueybfd cusbf`ss @fdjbsm njkist njwnys r`jnt`
ti tm`br `kpjiyncbjbty. Knfy t`rtbnry stue`fts wnft ti knxbkbs` tm`br amnfa`s ih febfd
n lic bf nf bft`rfntbifnj `fvbrifk`ft, wmbj` bf-wiro prih`ssbifnjs wnft ti aikkufbant`
kir` ``atbv`jy bf tm`br wiropjna` nfe bkpriv` tm`br hutur` anr``r prisp`ats. Itm`r
j`nrf`rs kny sbkpjy f``e ti stuey nfe pnss n cusbf`ss @fdjbsm `xnk bf ire`r ti aikpj`t`
tm`br iv`rnjj e`dr``.
Bf njj tmr`` ans`s, t`nam`rs f``e ti c` ncj` ti `fdnd` nfe kitbvnt` cy privbebfd j`nrfbfd
knt`rbnjs wmbam<
• nr` bft`r`stbfd nfe r`j`vnft ti tm`br jbh` `xp`rb`fa`s.
• kntam tm`br j`nrfbfd f``es nfe prbirbtb`s.
• nr` nppriprbnt` hir tm` nkiuft ih stuey tbk` nvnbjncj`.
Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r mns c``f e`sbdf`e ti `fncj` t`nam`rs ti k``t tm`s` f``es wbtmiut
sp`febfd knfy miurs r`s`nrambfd tm`br iwf knt`rbnjs. Um` aift`ft nfe struatur` ih tm`
aiurs` bs cns`e if tmr`` o`y aifa`pts< `kpjiyncbjbty, ffi`xbcbjbty nfe j`nrf`r `fdnd`k`ft.
Hj`xbcbjbty
Um` kieujnr npprinam k`nfs tmnt Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r anf c` nenpt`e ti subt n vnrb`ty ih
t`nambfd r`qubr`k`fts, hrik `xt`fsbv` j`ssifs ti bft`fsbv` smirt aiurs`s. Bf neebtbif ti tm`
Aiurs`ciio, n wbe` vnrb`ty ih neebtbifnj iptbifnj natbvbtb`s nfe r`siura`s nr` privbe`e wmbam
anf c` us`e ti hiaus if, nfe `xt`fe, knt`rbnj wmbam bs kist us`huj ti j`nrf`rs‒ f``es.
U U`nam`r‒s r`siura`s< `xtrn natbvbtb`s Um` sukknry aiftnbfs `xnkpj`s ih miw ti ire`r bfhirkntbif bf
J
s`ft`fa`s. Di ti Ky@fdjbsmJnc hir iptbifnj drnkknr wiro.
Um`s` nr` WEHs bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc tmnt yiu anf eiwfjine nfe
prbft ir ebspjny if-sar``f. Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r i`rs n ffi`xbcj` npprinam ti drnkknr e`p`febfd if
wm`tm`r yiu wnft ti e`vit` n sbdfbanft nkiuft ih tbk` ti n drnkknr
tipba, ir hiaus if aifsijbentbif ifjy wm`f yiu f``e ti. Um`r` bs if`
U U`nam`r‒s r`siura`s< njt`rfntbv` vbe`i nfe natbvbtb`s knbf drnkknr pibft bf `nam ufbt, pr`s`ft`e nfe prnatbs`e bf J`ssif 3.
Njt`rfntbv` vbe`is wbtm wirosm``ts nr` nvnbjncj` hir sik` ufbts Bf neebtbif, tm` Trbtbfd s`atbif (J`ssif 0) bfajue`s n jbfo ti nf
nfe nr` aj`nrjy sbdfpist`e. Riu anf us` tm`s` bf tm` ajnssriik ns iptbifnj s`aife drnkknr pibft bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc, wm`r` stue`fts
nf njt`rfntbv` npprinam ti tm` tipba bf J`ssif >, e`p`febfd if anf wntam smirt vbe`i pr`s`ftntbifs ih tm` drnkknr pibfts nfe ei
yiur stue`fts‒ f``es. bft`rnatbv` natbvbtb`s.
pnd` >>3 Qpio`f @fdjbsm Um`r` bs if` Qpio`f @fdjbsm s`atbif p`r ufbt nt tm` cnao ih tm` ciio. Hir e`tnbjs s`` pnd` 0.
Bftrieuatbif
J`nrf`r `fdnd`k`ft
Xbe`i aift`ft< T` njj us` vbe`i kir` nfe kir` ti aikkufbant` nfe ti fe iut nciut
tm` wirje nfe w` mnv` put vbe`i nt tm` m`nrt ih Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r . Um`r` nr` twi vbe`is bf
`v`ry ufbt wbtm aikpr`m`fsbif nfe jnfdund` natbvbtb`s<
• nf nutm`ftba vbe`i pnaond` bf J`ssif >, cns`e if r`nj-jbh` vbe`i ajbps nfe bft`rvb`ws
subtncj` hir yiur j`nrf`rs‒ j`v`j ih @fdjbsm.
• n ernkntbs`e aikkufbantbif sobjjs trnbfbfd vbe`i bf J`ssif 1 wmbam hijjiws amnrnat`rs
bf nf bft`rfntbifnj t`nk ns tm`y e`nj wbtm eb`r`ft prih`ssbifnj amnjj`fd`s.
Nutm`ftba aift`ft< Tirobfd wbtm nutm`ftba aift`ft r`njjy m`jps ti `fdnd` j`nrf`rs,
nfe t`nam`rs anf sp`fe knfy miurs s`nrambfd hir subtncj` knt`rbnj ifjbf`. Cusbf`ss
Wnrtf`r mns tm`r`hir` c``f cubjt nriufe nutm`ftba vbe`is nfe nrtbaj`s hrik j`nebfd k`ebn
irdnfbsntbifs suam ns tm` Hbfnfabnj Ubk`s nfe f`ws amnff`js. Um`s` i`r n w`njtm ih
bft`rfntbifnj cusbf`ss bfhirkntbif ns w`jj ns r`nj `xnkpj`s ih Crbtbsm, P.Q. nfe
fif-fntbv`-sp`no`r @fdjbsm.
S`j`vnfa` hir j`nrf`rs wbtmiut wiro `xp`rb`fa`< Psbfd cusbf`ss @fdjbsm t`nambfd
knt`rbnjs wbtm j`nrf`rs wmi mnv` jbttj` ir fi wiro `xp`rb`fa` anf c` pnrtbaujnrjy
amnjj`fdbfd. Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r mns c``f anr`hujjy e`sbdf`e ti wiro wbtm tm`s` stue`fts
ns w`jj ns wbtm bf-wiro prih`ssbifnjs. Bf tm` ans` ih aijjncirntbv` sp`nobfd tnsos nfe
rij`pjnys, tm` sbtuntbif us`e wbjj `btm`r c`<
• if` tmnt w` anf njj r`jnt` ti ns austik`rs nfe aifsuk`rs? IS
• n amiba` ih sbtuntbifs wbjj c` i`r`e bfajuebfd n kbx ih prih`ssbifnj nfe `v`ryeny
sbtuntbifs.
Citm wbjj njjiw j`nrf`rs ti prnatbs` tm` sobjj nfe jnfdund` pr`s`ft`e bf tm` j`ssif, cut bf
n aift`xt tmnt bs kist r`j`vnft ti tm`k.
Cusbf`ss wirosmips< J`nrf`rs mnv` tm` ippirtufbty ti aifsijbent` nfe natbvnt` tm`
jnfdund` nfe sobjjs hrik tm` ufbts bf `bdmt cusbf`ss wirosmips nt tm` `fe ih tm` ciio.
Um`s` privbe` bft`r`stbfd nfe `fdndbfd sa`fnrbis wm`r` stue`fts sbkujnt` r`nj-jbh`
prih`ssbifnj sbtuntbifs suam ns rij`pjnybfd k``tbfds, f`ditbntbifs ir pr`s`ftntbifs.
Npprinam ti Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r i`rs hujjy bft`drnt`e sobjjs, bfajuebfd tm` `ss`ftbnj arbtbanj-tmbfobfd nfe
mbdm`r-ire`r tmbfobfd sobjjs, wmbam nr` cubjt bfti tm` natbvbtb`s.
jnfdund` nfe sobjjs
Xiancujnry nfe vbe`i Um` knbf tipba viancujnry s`t bs pr`s`ft`e nfe prnatbs`e bf
J`ssif > ih `nam ufbt, cubjebfd if viancujnry hrik tm` nutm`ftba vbe`i. U`nam`rs nr` dbv`f
jits ih ippirtufbtb`s ti us` tm` viancujnry bf ebsaussbifs nfe driup tnsos, nfe ti tnbjir tm`
tnsos ti tm`br ajnssriik sbtuntbifs.
Ps`huj jnfdund` (suam ns t`amfbqu`s hir `fdndbfd nf nueb`fa`, `xpr`ssbifs hir trust-
cubjebfd, pmrns`s hir wiropjna` k`ebntbif) suppirts j`nrf`rs‒ anpncbjbty ti ip`rnt` bf r`nj
wiropjna` sbtuntbifs bf @fdjbsm. Uwi us`huj jnfdund` s`ts nr` pr`s`ft`e nfe prnatbs`e bf
`v`ry ufbt, bf J`ssifs 5 nfe 0. Riu wbjj c` ncj` ti t`nam tm` jnfdund` bf driup sp`nobfd
nfe wrbtbfd tnsos. Um`r` bs n Ps`huj jnfdund` cnfo nt tm` cnao ih tmbs U`nam`r‒s S`siura`
Ciio wmbam stue`fts anf njsi fe bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc si tmnt tm`y anf qubaojy r`h`r ti us`huj
jnfdund` suppirt wm`f pr`pnrbfd hir n cusbf`ss sbtuntbif, suam ns n k``tbfd, pr`s`ftntbif
ir bft`rvb`w.
Jbst`fbfd nfe vbe`i Um` aiurs` i`rs n wbe` vnrb`ty ih jbst`fbfd natbvbtb`s (cns`e if citm
vbe`i nfe nuebi r`airebfds) ti m`jp stue`fts e`v`jip tm`br aikpr`m`fsbif sobjjs nfe ti m`nr
tnrd`t jnfdund` bf aift`xt. Njj ih tm` vbe`i nfe nuebi knt`rbnj bs nvnbjncj` bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc
nfe bfajue`s n rnfd` ih Crbtbsm, P.Q. nfe fif-fntbv`-sp`no`r @fdjbsm. J`ssifs > nfe 1 nr`
cns`e if vbe`i (ns e`sarbc`e nciv`). Bf hiur ih tm` `bdmt ufbts, J`ssif 3 bs cns`e if nuebi.
Bf njj ufbts, yiu njsi wiro wbtm n sbdfbanft fukc`r ih nuebi r`airebfds bf J`ssif 5 nfe tm`
Cusbf`ss wirosmip.
Bftrieuatbif
Drnkknr Um` npprinam ti drnkknr bs ffi`xbcj` e`p`febfd if wm`tm`r yiu wnft ti e`vit`
n sbdfbanft nkiuft ih tbk` ti drnkknr ir ti hiaus if tm` aifsijbentbif ih drnkknr
ifjy wm`f yiu f``e ti. Um`r` bs if` knbf drnkknr pibft bf `nam ufbt, pr`s`ft`e nfe
prnatbs`e bf J`ssif 3. Um`r` bs n jbfo hrik J`ssif 0 ti nf iptbifnj s`aife drnkknr pibft
bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc ‑ wbtm smirt vbe`i pr`s`ftntbifs nfe bft`rnatbv` prnatba`. Citm drnkknr
pibfts nr` suppirt`e cy tm` Drnkknr r`h`r`fa` s`atbif nt tm` cnao ih tm` Aiurs`ciio
(p.>>=). Umbs privbe`s n sukknry ih k`nfbfd nfe hirk, wbtm fit`s if usnd` ir `xa`ptbifs,
nfe cusbf`ss @fdjbsm `xnkpj`s.
S`nebfd Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r i`rs n w`njtm ih nutm`ftba t`xts nfe nrtbaj`s hrik n vnrb`ty
ih siura`s, pnrtbaujnrjy tm` Hbfnfabnj Ubk`s . @v`ry ufbt mns n knbf r`nebfd t`xt wbtm
aikpr`m`fsbif tnsos. Umbs npp`nrs `btm`r bf J`ssif 3 ir bf tm` Cusbf`ss wirosmip.
Um`r` bs n S`nebfd cnfo nt tm` cnao ih tmbs U`nam`r‒s S`siura` Ciio wmbam stue`fts
anf njsi fe bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc nfe wmbam mns n jifd`r r`nebfd t`xt hir `v`ry ufbt wbtm
aikpr`m`fsbif natbvbtb`s.
Qp`nobfd Aijjncirntbv` sp`nobfd tnsos npp`nr bf J`ssifs >, 1, 5 nfe tm` Cusbf`ss wirosmip
bf `v`ry ufbt. Um`s` tnsos `faiurnd` stue`fts ti us` tm` tnrd`t jnfdund` nfe, wm`r`
r`j`vnft, tm` tnrd`t sobjj ih tm` j`ssif. Um`r` nr` jits ih ippirtufbtb`s ti p`rsifnjbs` tm`s`
tnsos ti subt yiur iwf ajnssriik sbtuntbif.
Trbtbfd Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r i`rs kujtbpj` ippirtufbtb`s ti prnatbs` wrbtbfd. J`ssif 0 bf
`v`ry ufbt privbe`s n kie`j t`xt nfe prnatba` bf n cusbf`ss wrbtbfd sobjj. Um` aiurs` aiv`rs
n wbe` rnfd` ih d`fr`s suam ns r`pirts, kbfut`s, nev`rtbsbfd aipy, s`jh-nss`ssk`ft, njj
hir knfy eb`r`ft purpis`s. Um`r` nr` njsi smirt wrbtbfd tnsos bf J`ssif 3 wmbam privbe`
aiftrijj`e prnatba` ih tm` tnrd`t drnkknr. Um`r` bs n Trbtbfd cnfo nt tm` cnao ih tmbs
U`nam`r‒s S`siura` Ciio wmbam stue`fts anf njsi fe bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc nfe wmbam privbe`s
kie`js ih eb`r`ft typ`s ih cusbf`ss wrbtbfd nfe us`huj pmrns`s nppriprbnt` ti tm`br j`v`j
ih @fdjbsm.
Qpio`f @fdjbsm Um` Qpio`f @fdjbsm s`atbif nt tm` cnao ih tm` Aiurs`ciio i`rs neebtbifnj
aikpr`m`fsbif prnatba` ih spiftnf`ius aifv`rsntbif bfajuebfd n vnrb`ty ih naa`fts.
@x`rabs`s njsi hiaus if sp`aba nsp`ats ih spio`f @fdjbsm, `.d. ntt`ftbv` jbst`fbfd, vndu`
jnfdund` nfe ebsaiurs` knro`rs.
Npprinam ti N o`y nsp`at ih Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r bs tm` bffivntbv` vbe`i-cns`e aikkufbantbif sobjjs
trnbfbfd pridrnkk`.
Aikkufbantbif
Um` nbks ih tm` Aikkufbantbifs sobjjs j`ssifs nr` ti bftrieua` stue`fts ti tm` sobjjs
sobjjs f``e`e ti bft`rnat suaa`sshujjy bf bft`rfntbifnj t`nks wbtm p`ipj` wmi kny mnv` eb`r`ft
aikkufbantbif styj`s hrik tm`k eu` ti aujtur` ir p`rsifnjbty. Umis` sobjjs bfajue` pbtambfd
be`ns, mnfejbfd p`rhirknfa` r`vb`ws nfe f`twirobfd.
Um`s` j`ssifs nr` cns`e if vbe`is tmnt privbe` r`njbstba `xnkpj`s ih wiro sbtuntbifs. Umbs
bs pnrtbaujnrjy bkpirtnft hir pr`-wiro j`nrf`rs wmi kny fit mnv` ebr`at `xp`rb`fa` ih
tm` pnrtbaujnr sbtuntbifs tm`y nr` nciut ti s``. Bf `nam j`ssif, stue`fts nr` dbv`f n wiro
sbtuntbif wbtm n pit`ftbnj pricj`k ti nfnjys` nfe tm`f `fdnd` bf n k``tbfd ti e`nj wbtm
tm` sbtuntbif. Um`y tm`f r`ffi`at if tm`br k``tbfd nfe aikpnr` bt ti n pissbcj` sijutbif ti
tm` pricj`k bf tm` vbe`i. Umbs dbv`s stue`fts tm` ippirtufbty ti `fdnd` bf arbtbanj vb`wbfd
ih `nam vbe`i nfe dnbf nwnr`f`ss ih tm` bkpnat ih eb`r`ft aikkufbantbif styj`s.
Npprinam ti t`stbfd Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r privbe`s n cnjnfa` ih hirkntbv` nfe sukkntbv` nss`ssk`ft. Citm typ`s ih
nss`ssk`ft nr` bkpirtnft hir t`nam`rs nfe j`nrf`rs nfe mnv` eb`r`ft icl`atbv`s. S`dujnr
nfe nss`ssk`ft r`vb`w nfe if-dibfd nss`ssk`ft njjiw stue`fts ti `vnjunt` tm`br iwf pridr`ss nfe
`faiurnd` tm`k ti p`rs`v`r` bf tm`br stueb`s. Hirknj t`stbfd i`rs n kir` pr`abs` vnju` if
tm` pridr`ss kne` bf tm`br ofiwj`ed` nfe priab`fay.
Hirkntbv` nss`ssk`ft< @nam Aiurs`ciio j`ssif bs hrnk`e cy n aj`nr j`ssif iutaik` wmbam
sukknrbs`s tm` j`nrfbfd e`jbv`rncj`. Um` j`ssif `fes wbtm n s`jh-nss`ssk`ft s`atbif wmbam
`faiurnd`s stue`fts ti r`ffi`at if tm`br pridr`ss bf r`jntbif ti tm` j`ssif iutaik` nfe ti
tmbfo nciut hutur` j`nrfbfd f``es. Kir` e`tnbj`e s`jh-nss`ssk`ft tnsos nfe sudd`stbifs hir
hurtm`r prnatba` nr` nvnbjncj` bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc. (Q`` njsi tm` s`atbif if tm` Djicnj Qanj` ih
@fdjbsm nfe tm` J`nrfbfd Icl`atbv`s hir Wrih`ssbifnj @fdjbsm if pnd` 8.)
Um` Aiurs`ciio njsi aiftnbfs if` r`vb`w pnd` p`r ufbt nt tm` cnao ih tm` ciio ti r`ayaj`
nfe r`vbs` tm` o`y viancujnry, drnkknr nfe hufatbifnj jnfdund` pr`s`ft`e bf tm` ufbt?
tm`s` nr` struatur`e ti r`ffi`at tm` kieujnrbty ih tm` aiurs`.
Bftrieuatbif
Qukkntbv` nss`ssk`ft< Pfbt t`sts nr` privbe`e nfe natbvbtb`s nr` aj`nrjy jnc`jj`e ti smiw
wmbam s`atbif ih tm` ufbt tm`y nr` t`stbfd ti r`ffi`at tm` kieujnr struatur` ih tm` aiurs`.
Um` t`sts nr` nvnbjncj` bf WEH nfe Tire hirknts si tmnt yiu anf nenpt tm`k ti subt yiur
purpis`s. Um`y nr` njsi nvnbjncj` ns bft`rnatbv` t`sts tmnt yiu anf njjiant` ti yiur stue`fts
bh yiu wbsm ti ei si.
Um`s` Pfbt t`sts nr` cns`e if tnso typ`s hrik tm` knlir cusbf`ss @fdjbsm `xnks. Um`r` bs
njsi nf neebtbifnj JAAB wrbtbfd tnso hir prih`ssbifnj @fdjbsm hir `v`ry ufbt. Umbs npprinam
hnkbjbnrbs`s j`nrf`rs wbtm tm` hirknt ih tm` `xnks nfe dbv`s tm`k prnatba` bf tm` sobjjs
f``e`e ti pnss tm` `xnks.
Ky@fdjbsmJnc njsi aiftnbfs `xtrn prih`ssbifnj @fdjbsm prnatba` natbvbtb`s. Um` aift`ft nfe
j`v`j ih tm` tnsos kntam tm` Aiurs`ciio si tm`y anf njsi c` us`e ns neebtbifnj r`vbsbif
knt`rbnj.
Um` Djicnj Qanj` Um` Djicnj Qanj` ih @fdjbsm (DQ@) bs n stnfenrebs`e, drnfujnr sanj` hrik >7 ti 27 wmbam
k`nsur`s @fdjbsm jnfdund` priab`fay. Um` DQ@ J`nrfbfd Icl`atbv`s hir Wrih`ssbifnj
ih @fdjbsm @fdjbsm nr` njbdf`e wbtm tm` Aikkif @urip`nf Hrnk`wiro ih S`h`r`fa` (A@HS). Pfjbo`
tm` A@HS, wmbam e`sarbc`s priab`fay bf t`rks ih crine j`v`js, tm` Djicnj Qanj` ih @fdjbsm
be`ftb`s wmnt n j`nrf`r anf ei nt `nam pibft if n kir` drnfujnr sanj` ‑ nfe wbtmbf n A@HS
j`v`j. Um` sanj` bs e`sbdf`e ti kitbvnt` j`nrf`rs cy e`kifstrntbfd bfar`k`ftnj pridr`ss bf
tm`br jnfdund` ncbjbty. Um` Djicnj Qanj` ih @fdjbsm hirks tm` cnaocif` hir W`nrsif @fdjbsm
aiurs` knt`rbnj nfe nss`ssk`ft.
>7 37 17 57 07 87 47 =7 27
+ + +
A@HS :N> N> N3 C> C3 A> A3
J`nrf kir` nciut tm` Djicnj Qanj` ih @fdjbsm nt `fdjbsm.aik/ds`
Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r mns c``f wrbtt`f cns`e if tm`s` J`nrfbfd Icl`atbv`s, wmbam `fsur`
nppriprbnt` sanijebfd nfe k`nsurncj` pridr`ss. @nam J`ssif iutaik` bf `nam j`ssif bf
tm` Aiurs`ciio `fanpsujnt`s n fukc`r ih sp`aba J`nrfbfd Icl`atbv`s wmbam nr` jbst`e
bf tmbs U`nam`r‒s S`siura` Ciio bf tm` U`nam`r‒s fit`s. Um`s` J`nrfbfd Icl`atbv`s nr`
njsi jbst`e bf tm` s`jh-nss`ssk`ft sm``ts nvnbjncj` ti stue`fts bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc. (Q`` njsi
Hirkntbv` nss`ssk`ft nciv` bf Npprinam ti t`stbfd nfe nss`ssk`ft.) Um` DQ@ J`nrfbfd
Icl`atbv`s hir tm` wmij` aiurs`ciio nr` jbst`e bf tm` DQ@ Knppbfd Ciioj`ts, wmbam nr`
nvnbjncj` hir eiwfjine hrik mttps<//www.p`nrsif.aik/`fdjbsm/antnjidu`/cusbf`ss-
`fdjbsm/cusbf`sspnrtf`r/j`v`js.mtkj.
Aiurs` struatur` Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r bs nf `bdmt-j`v`j aiurs` cns`e if tm` Djicnj Qanj` ih @fdjbsm (DQ@) nfe
r`pr`s`ftbfd tm` A@HS j`v`js< N>, N3, N3+, C>, C>+, C3, C3+, A>.
Ky@fdjbsmJnc
Cusbf`ss Wnrtf`r bs n hujjy mycrbe aiurs` wbtm twi ebdbtnj ebk`fsbifs tmnt stue`fts nfe
t`nam`rs anf amiis` hrik. Ky@fdjbsmJnc bs tm` ebdbtnj aikpif`ft tmnt bs bft`drnt`e wbtm tm`
ciio aift`ft.
Naa`ss ti Ky@fdjbsmJnc bs dbv`f tmriudm n aie` prbft`e if tm` bfsbe` hrift aiv`r ih tmbs ciio.
Ns n t`nam`r, yiu mnv` naa`ss ti citm v`rsbifs ih Ky@fdjbsmJnc nfe ti neebtbifnj aift`ft bf tm`
U`nam`r‒s S`siura` hije`r.
E`p`febfd if tm` v`rsbif tmnt stue`fts nr` usbfd, tm`y wbjj mnv` naa`ss ti if` ih tm` hijjiwbfd<
wt . wbtm
. .
. .
•
. .
- • -
. .
•
A>
.
A>
.
- • -
. .
•
.
.
• Riur @kpjiyncbjbty
. Urnbf`r Riur @kpjiyncbjbty Urnbf`r
.
•
. .
. • .
< >
< >
<
<
<
<
< >
< >
< >
< >
<
<
<
<
>< >
>< >
AXSCus
u sWn
n trAC A>DJC
> J K@J54=31bfee
J .f
b e
e >> 3 5 7 5 3 7 3 7 >
> = 3< 2
AX S C
Cuuss W n trA CCA > >
D JJ
CCE S 2 >>
5 7 2 b.fb e
f
eee> > 3 5 7 5 3 7 3 7 >
>=3
<2
Aiurs`ciio
wbtm
wbt
Aiurs`ciio
.
Aiurs`ciio Ky@fdjbsmJnc
(wbtm naa`ss aie` hir Ky@fdjbsmJnc)
.
Ebdbtnj S`siura`s
Ebdbtnj S`siura`s
.
Ifjbf` Tirociio nfe S`siura`s
Bwiffn Eucbaon n aa `nssa aa
`is s`
a if`s f`s ` Bwiffn Eucbaon naa`ss aie` bfsbe`
Knrlirb` Sis`fc`rd Knrlirb` Sis`fc`rd
Knrdnr`t I‒O``` Knrdnr`t I‒O```
Cic Ebdf`f Cic Ebdf`f
Kbo` Midnf Kbo` Midnf
•
.
@bdmt ufbts, `nam aiftnbfbfd v` j`ssifs .
. .
• -
•
@bdmt Cusbf`ss wirosmip j`ssifs r`jntbfd
-
. .
•
A>
.
•
N if`-pnd` S`vb`w p`r ufbt ti r`vbs` o`y
.
•
.
.
•
•
N Drnkknr r`h`r`fa` wbtm e`tnbj`e
<
•
N djissnry ih o`y cusbf`ss viancujnry <
<
< >
<
< >
< >
3 5 7 5 3 7 3 7 >
>=3
<2
3 5 7 5 3 7 3 7 >
>=3
<2
Tirociio
Tirociio .
@ufba`R`nt`s
•
Neebtbifnj s`jh-stuey prnatba` natbvbtb`s, r`ffi`atbfd tm` struatur`
•
Nuebisarbpts
Tirociio nuebi knt`rbnj bs nvnbjncj` if Ky@fdjbsmJnc.
< >
<
<
< >
< >
<
<
>< >
<
A X S Cu
uss WnntrT C A >>D JJC 2 >>5 4 =.b f
f
b eee
e >> 3 5 7 5 3 7 3 7 >
>=5
<3
Bftrieuatbif
• •
Knrbn Onryen
U`nambfd fit`s hir `v`ry j`ssif Wmitiaipbncj` natbvbtb`s ‑ twi p`r ufbt
bfajuebfd wnrk-ups, cnaodriufe wbtm t`nambfd fit`s nfe nfsw`r o`ys
•
/aujtur` fit`s nfe nfsw`r o`ys S`nebfd cnfo ‑ nf `xt`fe`e r`nebfd
•
Cusbf`ss crb`h hir `v`ry ufbt wbtm t`xt hir `v`ry ufbt wbtm aikpr`m`fsbif
cnaodriufe bfhirkntbif if tm` natbvbtb`s (+ nfsw`r o`ys)
A> ufbt tipba nfe `xpjnfntbifs ih •
Trbtbfd cnfo ‑ kie`js ih eb`r`ft
o`y t`rkbfijidy? bt dbv`s t`nam`rs typ`s ih cusbf`ss wrbtbfd wbtm us`huj
nf bfsbdmt bfti aift`kpirnry pmrns`s
•
cusbf`ss prnatba`s `v`f bh tm`y mnv` Ps`huj jnfdund` cnfo ‑ us`huj pmrns`s
fit wiro`e bf tm`s` pnrtbaujnr hir eb`r`ft cusbf`ss sbtuntbifs,
`fvbrifk`fts `.d. pr`s`ftntbifs, k``tbfds nfe
f`ditbntbifs
AXSCus
u s Wn
n rt UC A>DJC
> J 2>554bfee
> .f
b e
e >> 3 4 7 5 3 7 3 7 7 2 3< 2
Aiurs`ciio r`siura`s
•
Xbe`i ajbps nfe sarbpts
•
Nuebi j`s nfe sarbpts
•
@xtrn Aiurs`ciio natbvbtb`s (WEHs)
•
J`ssif 1 `xtrn bft`rnatbv` vbe`i natbvbtb`s
hir s`jh-stuey
•
J`ssif 0 bft`rnatbv` drnkknr
pr`s`ftntbif nfe prnatba` hir
s`jh-stuey
•
@xtrn prih`ssbifnj @fdjbsm prnatba`
•
Ky Q`jh-nss`ssk`ft< n eiauk`ft tmnt
stue`fts anf us` ti r`aire tm`br pridr`ss
nfe o``p bf tm`br pirthijbi
U`nam`r‒s Ciio r`siura`s U`sts
Tirociio r`siura`s • •
•
Njt`rfntbv` vbe`i (Pfbts >, 3, 1 nfe Pfbt t`sts (WEHs nfe Tire), bfajuebfd
Q`jh-stuey bft`rnatbv` v`rsbif ih tm`
8) nfe `xtrn natbvbtb`s `xnk tnso typ`s
Tirociio wbtm nutikntba h``ecnao • •
Wmitiaipbncj` natbvbtb`s + t`nambfd Bft`rnatbv` Pfbt t`sts, wbtm nutikntba
nfe drne`ciio
•
fit`s nfe nfsw`r o`ys drne`ciio
U`nam`rs anf nssbdf Tirociio natbvbtb`s • •
S`nebfd cnfo + nfsw`r o`ys U`sts nuebi j`s
ns mik`wiro • •
•
Trbtbfd cnfo U`sts nfsw`r o`ys
Tirociio nuebi j`s nfe nuebisarbpts •
Hufatbifnj jnfdund` cnfo
N ufbt ih tm` Aiurs`ciio
Bffivntbif >
>
3 Pfbt iv`rvb`w
>.> Nf bffivntbv` npprinam Xbe`i< Bffivntbif Ebr`atir, Mnbynf \mnfd
J`ssif iutaik`< J`nrf`rs anf us` viancujnry r`jnt`e Xiancujnry< Bffivntbif
ti bffivntbif. Wril`at< Um` bkpnat ih t`amfijidy
>.1 Aikkufbantbif sobjjs< Wbtambfd yiur be`ns Wr`pnrntbif< Wbtambfd nf be`n hir n kndnzbf` s`atbif
J`ssif iutaik`< J`nrf`rs anf us` p`rsunsbv` t`amfbqu`s ti Sij`pjny< N pbtam
``atbv`jy pbtam tm`br be`ns. Xbe`i< Wbtambfd yiur be`ns
1 Cusbf`ss wirosmip >< p.== S`vb`w >< p.>75 Qpio`f @fdjbsm >.3< p.>>3 Drnkknr r`h`r`fa`< p.>>8
>7
Bftrieuatbif
J`ssif >
Um` nbks ih tmbs j`ssif nr` ti<
•
`fdnd` stue`fts wbtm tm` ufbt tipba tmriudm n vbe`i.
•
pr`s`ft nfe prnatbs` tipba cusbf`ss viancujnry, ernwbfd hrik tm` vbe`i.
•
natbvnt` tm` jnfdund` stue`fts mnv` j`nrft bf n driup pril`at nt tm` `fe ih tm` j`ssif.
A Tmnt wire, e`rbv`e hrik bffivntbif aijjiant`s wbtm njj tm` wires bf tm` cix9
> Um` j`ssif iutaik` e`f`s n aj`nr j`nrfbfd iutaik` hir `v`ry j`ssif. @nam j`ssif iutaik` `fanpsujnt`s
n fukc`r ih sp`aba J`nrfbfd Icl`atbv`s hir Wrih`ssbifnj @fdjbsm wmbam nr` jbst`e bf tmbs U`nam`r‒s
S`siura` Ciio bf tm` U`nambfd fit`s.
3 @v`ry j`ssif c`dbfs wbtm n smirt J`ne-bf natbvbty ti `fdnd` j`nrf`rs wbtm tm` j`ssif tipba.
1 J`ssif > bs cns`e if nf nutm`ftba vbe`i ih nciut 5 kbfut`s wbtm aikpr`m`fsbif natbvbtb`s.
5 U U`nam`r‒s r`siura`s< `xtrn natbvbtb`s @xtrn natbvbtb`s nr` aj`nrjy sbdfpist`e. Um`s` nr` WEHs nvnbjncj`
bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc nfe W`nrsif @fdjbsm Wirtnj ti ebspjny if-sar``f ir prbft. Um`y anf c` us`e ti `xt`fe n
j`ssif ir ti hiaus bf kir` e`ptm if n pnrtbaujnr s`atbif.
0 U U`nam`r‒s r`siura`s< njt`rfntbv` vbe`i nfe `xtrn natbvbtb`s Bf Pfbts >, 3, 1 nfe 8, tm`r` nr` Njt`rfntbv`
vbe`is nfe wirosm``ts, wmbam yiu anf us` ns nf njt`rfntbv` ti tm` if`s bf tm` ufbt ir bf neebtbif ti tm`k.
Um` njt`rfntbv` vbe`is nfe njt`rfntbv` vbe`i wirosm``ts nr` nvnbjncj` hir eiwfjine bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc nfe
W`nrsif @fdjbsm Wirtnj.
8 Um` knbf ufbt viancujnry s`t bs pr`s`ft`e nfe prnatbs`e bf J`ssif >, cubjebfd if viancujnry bf tm` vbe`i.
@xtrn natbvbtb`s hir tm` vbe`i nr` nvnbjncj` bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc nfe W`nrsif @fdjbsm Wirtnj.
4 Um` Wril`at nt tm` `fe ih J`ssif > bs n aijjncirntbv` driup tnso wbtm n strifd `kpmnsbs if aikkufbantbif
nfe ffiu`fay cubjebfd. Bt anf c` eif` bf ajnss ir bf kir` e`ptm bf nfe iut ih ajnss.
= @v`ry j`ssif `fes wbtm n smirt Q`jh-nss`ssk`ft s`atbif wmbam `faiurnd`s j`nrf`rs ti tmbfo nciut tm`
pridr`ss tm`y mnv` kne` bf r`jntbif ti tm` j`ssif iutaik`.
>>
Bftrieuatbif
5 Eipnkbf` r`a`ptir d`f`s nr` nssiabnt`e wbtm ar`ntbv` tmbfobfd, cut tm`y nr` njsi jbfo`e ti
n tm` crnbf mnvbfd ebsturcbfd, psyamitba tmiudmts.
> J`ssifiutaik` J`nrf`rs anf airr`atjy us` ir ikbt nrtbaj`s wm`r` f`a`ssnry.
c tm` hriftnj jic`s ih tm` crnbf, wm`r` iur tmiudmts c`aik` us`huj.
0 Er Anrsif snys irbdbfnj be`ns r`sujt hrik c`bfd mbdmjy bft`jjbd`ft, c`bfd ncj` ti
n o``p eb`r`ft be`ns bf yiur m`ne, nfe c`bfd k`ftnjjy ffi`xbcj`.
3 J`ne-bf > Tiro bf sknjj driups. Ebsauss tm`s` qu`stbifs. c tmbfo ih dr`nt be`ns, nfe c`bfd nwnr` ih yiur tmiudmt pria`ss`s.
> Tmnt bs n ”@ur`on!‒ kik`ft9 Anf yiu tmbfo ih `xnkpj`s hrik mbstiry9 8 Wsyamijidbst Dnry Oj`bf snys knfnd`rs smiuje
1 3 Tm`f yiu f``e ti c` ar`ntbv` ir tmbfo ih n sijutbif, wmnt ei yiu ei9 n fit d`t bf tm` wny ih bffivntbv` p`ipj`, cut try ti stbao ti aikpnfy pjnfs.
c `faiurnd` bffivntbif cy puttbfd up wbtm n a`rtnbf j`v`j ih ufa`rtnbfty.
S`nebfd 3 S`ne tm` nrtbaj` nfe tbao tm` be`ns tmnt nr` `xpr`ss`e bf bt.
> Um`r` nr` twi typ`s ih ar`ntbv` tmbfobfd< ebv`rd`ft tmbfobfd nfe aidfbtbv` ffi`xbcbjbty, wmbam 5 Tiro bf pnbrs ir sknjj driups. Ebsauss tm`s` qu`stbifs.
m`jp us ti r`irdnfbs` iur be`ns nfe kno` aiff`atbifs.
> Dbv` `xnkpj`s ih wm`f yiu mnv` c``f nt yiur kist ar`ntbv`.
3 Ar`ntbv` p`ipj` anf c` nffiybfd nt wiro, ns tm`y iht`f f``e tbk` ti tmbfo iv`r nf be`n. 0 3 Tmy bs bt bkpirtnft hir bfeustry ti suppirt ar`ntbv` bfebvbeunjs9
1 Naairebfd ti Er Anrsif, wm`f w` nr` ar`ntbv`, iur aidfbtbv` jt`rs r`jnx t`kpirnrbjy nfe
njjiw be`ns tmnt nr` bf tm` cnao ih iur kbfe ti aik` hirwnre. U`nam`r‒s r`siura`s< 1 Ei yiu ndr`` tmnt tm` kir` mb`rnrambanj nf irdnfbsntbif bs, tm` j`ss ar`ntbv` bt bs9
U
`xtrn natbvbtb`s
pnd` >>3 Qpio`f @fdjbsm
5 Dnry Oj`bf snys tmnt cusbf`ss`s smiuje njwnys `faiurnd` ufa`rtnbfty nfe rbso-tnobfd nt wiro.
8
Drnkknr Nrtbaj`s< n/nf, tm`, fi nrtbaj`
4 0 Jiio nt tm` nrtbaj` bf @x`rabs` 3 ndnbf nfe fe `xnkpj`s tmnt kntam tm`s` ruj`s.
Pfe`rstnfebfd wmnt kno`s bfv`ftirs tbao > T` us` n/nf wbtm sbfdujnr aiuftncj` fiufs.
U`amfijidy nfe bfeustry nr` bfar`nsbfdjy r`jbnft if syst`k bf tm` crnbfs ih m`njtmy, 3 T` us` n/nf wm`f tnjobfd nciut p`ipj`‒s lics.
bffivntbif nfe nr` `nd`r ti suppirt ar`ntbv` bfebvbeunjs. mbdmjy ar`ntbv` p`ipj` bs 1 T` eif‒t us` n/nf wbtm pjurnj fiufs ir ufaiuftncj` ir ncstrnat fiufs.
5 Umbs anf c` hrustrntbfd wm`f tm` pria`ss ih bffivntbif
di`s ndnbfst tm` drnbf ih cusbf`ss`s tmnt e`knfe 17
sbkbjnr ti tmnt ih p`ipj` wbtm
sambzipmr`fbn.
5 T` us` tm` wm`f w` ofiw wmbam tmbfd w` nr` tnjobfd nciut c`anus` bt bs ufbqu`.
0 prieuatbvbty nfe `hab`fay. Eipnkbf` r`a`ptir d`f`s
0 T` us` tm` wm`f w` mnv` r`h`rr`e ti sik`tmbfd c`hir`.
Uwi qunjbtb`s tmnt e`hbf` ar`ntbvbty nr` ebv`rd`ft nr` jbfo`e ti ebv`rd`ft tmbfobfd, 8 T` eif‒t usunjjy us` nrtbaj`s c`hir` fnk`s ih p`ipj`, pjna`s nfe kist aiuftrb`s.
tmbfobfd ― tmbfobfd c`yife firknj ciufenrb`s ― nfe bfm`r`ft bf ar`ntbvbty nfe njsi 4 T` us` tm` wbtm sup`rjntbv` hirks.
aidfbtbv` ffi`xbcbjbty, tm` anpnabty ti r`struatur` be`ns nfe nssiabnt`e wbtm psyamitba Dr`nt kbfes< Kbam`jnfd`ji
s`` aiff`atbifs. Tmbj` kist ih us jiio hir aifv`ftbifnj 10 tmiudmts. Citm driups mnv` = pnd` >>8 Q`` Drnkknr r`h`r`fa`< Nrtbaj`s< n/nf, tm`, fi nrtbaj`
>7 nfsw`rs, p`ipj` wbtm tm`s` qunjbtb`s rbso dibfd c`yife h`w`r E3-typ` eipnkbf` r`a`ptirs bf tm` tmnjnkus, tm`
wmnt bs hnkbjbnr. Pfe`rstnfebfd tm`br ufbqu` wnys ih crnbf‒s jt`rbfd syst`k. Umbs `fncj`s n ffiiw ih bfhirkntbif 8 Jiio nt `nam ufe`rjbf`e fiuf bf tm` nrtbaj` bf @x`rabs` 3. Nr` tm` wires aiuftncj`
tmbfobfd bs `ss`ftbnj ti d`ttbfd tm` c`st iut ih tm`k. Qab`fa` hrik tm` tmnjnkus ti tm` hriftnj jic`s, wm`r` tmiudmts ir ufaiuftncj` ir citm9
mns hiufe jbfos c`tw``f mbdmjy ar`ntbv`, m`njtmy p`ipj` nfe c`aik` aifstruatbv`.
bfebvbeunjs wbtm sambzipmr`fbn nfe cbpijnr ebsire`r. 57 Er Anrsif snys fiv`j be`ns r`sujt hrik n aikcbfntbif 4 Aikpj`t` tm` hijjiw-up ti tm` nrtbaj` wbtm n/nf, tm` ir fi nrtbaj` (Ý).
>0 Er Qm`jj`y Anrsif, n j`atur`r bf psyamijidy nt Mnrvnre ih mbdm B^, n anpnabty ti mije knfy be`ns bf kbfe, nfe
Pfbv`rsbty, snys ar`ntbvbty nfe sambzitypnj p`rsifnjbty aidfbtbv` ffi`xbcbjbty. >
mbdmjy ar`ntbv` p`ipj` citm bftrbdu` nfe brrbtnt` us. T` nekbr`3
h`ntur`s iht`f di mnfe bf mnfe c`anus` ih aidfbtbv` Dnry Oj`bf, n aidfbtbv` psyamijidbst, c`jb`v`s
ebsbfmbcbtbif. aikpnfb`s mnv` kuam ti j`nrf bf hnabjbtntbfd ar`ntbvbty. kbfes ih p`ipj` suam ns 1 Qt`v` Lics nfe Kbam`jnfd`ji, knrv`j nt tm`br
”Um`y jnao _aidfbtbv`[ jt`rs wmbam tm` r`st ih us mnv` 50 Bh cusbf`ss`s nr` ti `faiurnd` bffivntbif, tm`y f``e namb`v`k`fts, cut kny d`t tbr`e ih tm`br p`rsifnjbtb`s, wmbam anf c` `ditbstbanj nfe kiiey.
37 hir siabnj nppriprbnt`f`ss. Aidfbtbv` ebsbfmbcbtbif bs ti tij`rnt` n e`dr`` ih ufa`rtnbfty. Knfnd`rs smiuje 5
ar`ntbv` p`ipj` anf c` `ftmus`e nciut 0 pril`at, ifjy ti jis`
njsi jbo`jy nt tm` m`nrt ih wmnt w` tmbfo ih ns tm` ‚nmn!‛ nso< ”Tmnt nr` w` eibfd tmnt‒s d`ttbfd bf tm` wny ih bft`r`st ns tm`br ntt`ftbif smbhts `js`wm`r`. Um`y f``e tbk` ti tmbfo nciut 8 be`n,
`xp`rb`fa`. Eurbfd kik`fts ih bfsbdmt, aidfbtbv` jt`rs bffivntbif9‒ wmbam kno`s tm`k npp`nr ti c` eibfd v`ry jbttj`. Bf tm`br iwf tbk` zif`, tm`y nr` iht`f jnt` ir
r`jnx kik`ftnrbjy nfe njjiw be`ns tmnt nr` if tm` crnbf‒s Qtrbatjy nem`rbfd ti n pjnf r`strbats tm` ar`ntbv` U`nam`r‒s r`siura`s<
U hird`t 4 k``tbfds, ti = nffiynfa` ih knfnd`rs.
cnao curf`rs ti j`np hirwnre bfti aifsabius nwnr`f`ss.‒ 07 pria`ss. Oj`bf snys< ”Bh yiu wnft ti objj n ar`ntbv` be`n, `xtrn natbvbtb`s
30 M`r be`ns nr` suppirt`e cy r`s`nram nt tm` Onrijbfson mnv` nf irdnfbsntbif tmnt‒s v`ry mb`rnrambanj. Bt ifjy tno`s
Bfstbtut` bf Qw`e`f, wmbam mns smiwf tmnt tm` eipnkbf` if` p`rsif bf tm` amnbf ti objj nf be`n.‒
2 Trbtbfd =N Riur A@I r`a`ftjy ntt`fe`e n ar`ntbvbty nfe bffivntbif aiurs`. Qm` mns wrbtt`f ti
yiu nfe itm`r knfnd`rs bf yiur irdnfbsntbif. S`ne tm` `xtrnat hrik m`r `knbj.
> Um` j`ssif iutaik` e`f`s n aj`nr j`nrfbfd iutaik` hir `v`ry j`ssif. @nam j`ssif iutaik` `fanpsujnt`s n fukc`r ih
sp`aba J`nrfbfd Icl`atbv`s hir Wrih`ssbifnj @fdjbsm wmbam nr` jbst`e bf tmbs U`nam`r‒s S`siura` Ciio bf tm` U`nambfd fit`s.
3 @v`ry j`ssif c`dbfs wbtm n smirt J`ne-bf natbvbty ti `fdnd` j`nrf`rs wbtm tm` j`ssif tipba.
1 ^u`stbifs bf tm` j`ssif privbe` nf ippirtufbty hir p`rsifnjbsntbif.
5 Um` r`nebfd t`xt bs nf nrtbaj` hrik tm` Hbfnfabnj Ubk`s . Um` t`xt hiaus`s if n pnrtbaujnr nsp`at ih tm` ufbt tipba wmbam mns nf
bft`r`stbfd nfdj` nfe aiftnbfs `xnkpj`s ih tm` drnkknr pibft pr`s`ft`e. Bt bs hijjiw`e cy aikpr`m`fsbif natbvbtb`s nfe
drnkknr prnatba`.
0 U U`nam`r‒s r`siura`s< `xtrn natbvbtb`s @xtrn natbvbtb`s nr` aj`nrjy sbdfpist`e. Um`s` nr` WEHs nvnbjncj` bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc
nfe W`nrsif @fdjbsm Wirtnj ti ebspjny if-sar``f ir prbft. Um`y anf c` us`e ti `xt`fe n j`ssif ir ti hiaus bf kir` e`ptm if n
pnrtbaujnr s`atbif.
8 Um` Qpio`f @fdjbsm s`atbif bs sbdfpist`e bf tm` r`j`vnft j`ssifs. Um`r` bs if` Qpio`f @fdjbsm s`atbif p`r ufbt nt tm` cnao ih
tm` Aiurs`ciio, wbtm kir` prnatba` bf tm` Tirociio. Umbs s`atbif hiaus`s if spiftnf`ius aijjiqubnj spio`f @fdjbsm.
4 Um`r` bs if` drnkknr pibft bf `nam ufbt, pr`s`ft`e bf J`ssif 3. Bf d`f`rnj n dube`e ebsaiv`ry (bfeuatbv`) npprinam mns
c``f tno`f ti tm` pr`s`ftntbif ih drnkknr. Um` drnkknr bs pr`s`ft`e wbtm r`h`r`fa` ti tm` `xnkpj`s bf tm` r`nebfd (ir
jbst`fbfd) t`xt, hijjiw`e cy aiftrijj`e prnatba`.
= Um` Drnkknr r`h`r`fa` s`atbif nt tm` cnao ih tm` ciio i`rs e`tnbj`e `xpjnfntbif nfe `xnkpj`s ih tm` drnkknr pibft
aiv`r`e bf tm` ufbt.
2 Ebsaussbif qu`stbifs nfe aikkufbantbv` prnatba` ih viancujnry nfe drnkknr bs privbe`e bf tm` fnj Qp`nobfd ir Trbtbfd
s`atbif ih tmbs j`ssif.
>7 @v`ry j`ssif `fes wbtm n smirt Q`jh-nss`ssk`ft s`atbif wmbam `faiurnd`s j`nrf`rs ti tmbfo nciut tm` pridr`ss tm`y mnv`
kne` bf r`jntbif ti tm` j`ssif iutaik`.
>3
Bftrieuatbif
AIKKPFBANUBIF QOBJJQ
>.1 >.1 Aikkufbantbif sobjjs< Wbtambfd yiur be`ns
Wbtambfd yiur be`ns
1 S`ne tm` `knbj hrik Lnk`s Ankpc`jj, Jbh`styj`‒s @ebtir-bf-Amb`h, nfe if` liurfnjbst‒s
be`n. Tiuje bt kno` n diie s`atbif hir tm` kndnzbf`9 Tmy / Tmy fit9
> J`ssifiutaik` J`nrf`rs anf us` p`rsunsbv` t`amfbqu`s ti ``atbv`jy pbtam tm`br be`ns.
Hrik< Lnk`s Ankpc`jj Be`n hir n r`dujnr s`atbif
Qucl`at< Be`ns wnft`e
• smirt , sfnppy prieuat r`vb`ws ih tm` jnt`st aiij
dned`ts nfe p`rsifnj t`amfijidy
Anf yiu njj aik` ti iur f`xt `ebtirbnj k``tbfd wbtm be`ns hir
• vbsunjjy nttrnatbv`, mbdm-qunjbty bknd`s ih prieuats
n f`w s`atbif9 O``p bt crb`h! B‒e jbo` `nam pbtam ti c` fi kir`
• vnry tm` tm`k` ih tm` s`atbif, `.d. tip dned`ts hir
tmnf twi kbfut`s. Wj`ns` aik` wbtm n smirt e`sarbptbif ih
ufe`r £07, tip dned`ts hir trnv`j, `ta.
tm` aifa`pt. Qny wmy tmbs s`atbif smiuje c` bf tm` kndnzbf`
• bfajue` n ”cuy bt‒ cuttif nfe kno` n aikkbssbif
nfe wmy bt wbjj npp`nj ti iur tnrd`t nueb`fa`.
if snj`s.
5 Sij`pjny 5N Bkndbf` yiu f``e ti pbtam tm` be`n bf @x`rabs` 1 ti Lnk`s Ankpc`jj. Wr`pnr` n
twi-kbfut` pbtam. Bfajue` tm` pibfts k`ftbif`e bf Lnk`s‒s `knbj. Umbfo ih n tbtj`
hir yiur s`atbif .
C Tiro bf pnbrs ir sknjj driups nfe tno` turfs ti kno` yiur pbtam.
A Bf yiur pnbrs ir driups, ebsauss tm`s` qu`stbifs.
> Tmnt ebe yiu struddj` wbtm kist wm`f knobfd yiur pbtam9 3 Tmnt ebe yiuei c`st9
0
XBE@I 0N >.1.> Tntam Rviff` Tbjjbnks, n Jbh`styj` kndnzbf` liurfnjbst, knobfd m`r pbtam
nt nf `ebtirbnj k``tbfd. Nfsw`r tm` qu`stbifs.
3 J`ne-bf >N S`ne tm` e`fbtbif nfe jiio nt tm` pmiti. Tmnt bs tm` p`rsif stnfebfd eibfd9 > Miw ``atbv` wns Rviff`‒s pbtam9
3 Tns Rviff`‒s ciey jnfdund` aife`ft9 Q`` tm` `xnkpj`s bf @x`rabs` >A.
pbtam try ti p`rsune` sik`if` ti ei cusbf`ss wbtm yiu, cuy sik`tmbfd, `ta. 1 Ebe sm` mnv` n diie sp`nobfd viba`9 Q`` tm` `xnkpj`s bf @x`rabs` >A.
5 Miw ebe sm` kno` tm` `ebtirs h``j pnrt ih tm` pria`ss9
C Ei yiu `v`r mnv` ti pbtam be`ns ti p`ipj` wm`r` yiu wiro ir stuey9 Tmi ti9 0 Tmnt t`amfbqu`s wiuje yiu us` hrik tmbs pbtam9 Tmy9
Tmnt nciut9
C Miw nppriprbnt` wiuje Rviff`‒s npprinam c` wm`r` yiu wiro ir stuey9
A S`ne sik` p`rsunsbv` t`amfbqu`s hir pbtambfd. Bf wmnt itm`r wnys anf n sp`no`r
c` p`rsunsbv`9 8 8 Kntam tm` wires nfe pmrns`s bf cije hrik tm` vbe`i (>‑4) wbtm tm` e`fbtbifs (n‑d).
• us` aife`ft ciey jnfdund` (`.d. pistur`, `y` aiftnat wbtm nueb`fa`, mnfe d`stur`s, > Qmirt, sfnppy prieuat r`vb`ws wrbtt`f n nttrnatbv` ir bft`r`stbfd
hnabnj `xpr`ssbifs) bf n huf, upc`nt styj` … c wires nfe pmrns`s us`e cy p`ipj` bf tm` snk`
• mnv` n diie sp`nobfd viba` (`.d. siufe `ftmusbnstba, vnry yiur pna`) 3 … wbtm nf bknd` ir vbe`i ih `nam prih`ssbi f tmnt nr` ebfiaujt hir itm`r p`ipj`
• e`kifstrnt`ofiwj`ed`/`xp`rtbs` prieuat, njj v`ry vbsunjjy npp`njbfd. ti ufe`rstnfe
1 1 … ir c`st dbzkis hir tm` mik` … a am``rhuj nfe knobfd yiu h``j tmnt diie tmbfds
Wr`pnrntbif Wbtambfd nf be`n hir n kndnzbf` s`atbif 5 Riu ofiw, sik`tmbfd ti wbf iv`r tm` wbjj mnpp`f
j`ss t`am-snvvy. e kno` kif`y hrik p`ipj` wmi vbsbt n w`csbt`,
3 Jbh`styj` bs nf ifjbf` kndnzbf`. Jiio nt tm` prij` ih bts r`ne`rsmbp. Tiuje yiu hir `xnkpj` cy `faiurndbfd tm`k ti cuy
t tm` tnrd`t nueb`fa`9 0 T` anf ebtam tm` lnrdif hir
strnbdmthirwnre, `nsy-ti-ufe`rstnfe tmbfds
jnfdund`. ` hnbr, bfe`p`fe`ft nfe fit bfffiu`fa`e cy itm`rs
UM@ JBH@QURJ@ S@NE@S
4 8 … tm` r`njjy dr`nt tmbfd nciut tmbs h mnvbfd prnatbanj ofiwj`ed` nfe ncbjbty nciut
D`fe`r rntbi S`ne`rs cy d`f`rntbif S`ne`rs‒ surv`y bfti nr`ns ih bft`r`st s`atbif bs w` anf kif`tbs` bt. t`amfijidy
U`nam`r‒s r`siura`s<
17% e =7% U 4 … tm`s` nr` ufcbns`e,trustwirtmy d sknjj pb`a`s ih `qubpk`ft (syfifyk dned`ts)
3=% `
t
`xtrn natbvbtb`s
s r`vb`ws.
5=% 03% 30%
30% `
r
`
t
f
47%
b
87%
37% >=% >4%
s
r
`
e
n
07%
= S`ffi`atbif 4N Trbt` yiur aifajusbifs hrik tmbs j`ssif bf tm` tncj`. Jiio ndnbf nt @x`rabs` >A
ti m`jp yiu bh f`a`ssnry.
`
r
> Um` j`ssif iutaik` e`f`s n aj`nr j`nrfbfd iutaik` hir `v`ry j`ssif. @nam j`ssif iutaik` `fanpsujnt`s n fukc`r
ih sp`aba J`nrfbfd Icl`atbv`s hir Wrih`ssbifnj @fdjbsm wmbam nr` jbst`e bf tmbs U`nam`r‒s S`siura` Ciio bf tm` U`nambfd
fit`s.
3 @v`ry j`ssif c`dbfs wbtm n J`ne-bf natbvbty ti `fdnd` j`nrf`rs wbtm tm` j`ssif tipba.
1 Bf tm` Wr`pnrntbif s`atbif, stue`fts nfnjys` bfhirkntbif nfe pr`pnr` hir n rij`pjny ih n sa`fnrbi wm`r` tm`y mnv` ti us`
tm`br siht sobjjs.
5 Bf tm` Sij`pjny, stue`fts nat iut tm` sa`fnrbi nfe r`ffi`at if tm`br p`rhirknfa`, c`hir` wntambfd n vbe`i smiwbfd if`
pissbcj` wny ih aikkufbantbfd bf n dbv`f sbtuntbif.
0 Qtue`fts wntam tm` vbe`i nfe nfnjys` miw p`ipj` c`mnv`e nfe aikkufbant`e bf tm` sbtuntbif.
8 @nam j`ssif bfajue`s n viancujnry natbvbty, hiausbfd if tm` wires hrik tm` vbe`i.
4 U U`nam`r‒s r`siura`s< `xtrn natbvbtb`s @xtrn natbvbtb`s nr` aj`nrjy sbdfpist`e. Um`s` nr` WEHs nvnbjncj` bf
Ky@fdjbsmJnc nfe W`nrsif @fdjbsm Wirtnj ti ebspjny if-sar``f ir prbft. Um`y anf c` us`e ti `xt`fe n j`ssif ir ti hiaus bf
kir` e`ptm if n pnrtbaujnr s`atbif.
= Bf tm` fnj S`ffi`atbif s`atbif, stue`fts aikpnr` tm`br npprinam ti tm` pricj`k bf tm` Sij`pjny wbtm tm` npprinam ih tm`
p`ipj` bf tm` vbe`i.
2 @v`ry j`ssif `fes wbtm n smirt Q`jh-nss`ssk`ft s`atbif wmbam `faiurnd`s j`nrf`rs ti tmbfo nciut tm` pridr`ss tm`y mnv`
kne` bf r`jntbif ti tm` j`ssif iutaik`.
>1
Bftrieuatbif
CPQBF@QQ QOBJJQ
>.5 >.5 Cusbf`ss sobjjs< @fdndbfd pr`s`ftntbifs
@fdndbfd pr`s`ftntbifs
D`f`rnj t`amfbqu`s hir `fdndbfd nf nueb`fa`
J`nrf`rs anf us` n rnfd` ih strnt`db`s nfe `xpr`ssbifs hir knobfd mbdm-bkpnat
> J`ssifiutaik` ip`fbfds nfe aifajusbifs ti pr`s`ftntbifs. E`pnrtbfd hrik >
aifv`ftbif J`t k` ajis` cy nsobfd nf ufusunj qu`stbif. Tmnt wns tm` knbf tipba tieny9
Amnjj`fdbfd Um` pricj`k bs fit tm` austik`r. Um` pricj`k bs us.
3 J`ne-bf >N Tmnt typ`s ih pr`s`ftntbifs mnv` yiu e`jbv`r`e bf tm` pnst9 Miw `nsy ebe yiu fe
bt ti `fdnd` yiur nueb`fa`s9 Tmy wns tmnt9
nssukptbifs 3
> Tmnt bs tm` Wrbknay nfe S`a`fay ``at9 Nwno`fbfdaurbisbty Tmnt‒s tm` kist aikkif austik`r aikpjnbft bf cusbf`ss tieny9
3 Miw anf bt c` nppjb`e ti eb`r`ft wiro `fvbrifk`fts9 wbtm qu`stbifs 0
1 Miw anf ufe`rstnfebfd tm` ``at m`jp us ti pr`s`ft bf n kir` `fdndbfd wny9
D`ttbfd tm` nueb`fa` Anf yiu ebsauss tm`s` twi qu`stbifs wbtm yiur f`bdmciur hir tmr`` kbfut`s9
C Um` nrtbaj` sudd`sts tmnt pr`s`ft`rs anf j`nrf n rnfd` ih t`amfbqu`s ti ip`f nfe ti tnjo ti if` nfitm`r 8
3 Tmnt ebe austik`r h``ecnao sudd`st tm` bf-stir` stn smiuje ei9 Tmy9 Psbfdrm`tirbanj Qi miw ei w` fe iut wmnt tm`y f``e9
1 Tmnt bs tm` purpis` ih tm` r`st ih tm` pr`s`ftntbif9 qu`stbifs 2
5 >.73 Jbst`f ti tm` ajis` ih tm` pr`s`ftntbif. Psbfdpiw`rhuj Bf hnat, tmnt‒s titnjjy wrifd.
viancujnry Bt‒s nf bfar`ebcj` namb`v`k`ft.
> Tmnt natbif pjnf mns c``f ndr``e9 3 Tmnt bs tm` knbf k`nsur` ih suaa`ss9
>7
0 Tbtm n pnrtf`r, ebsauss wmnt yiu p`rsifnjjy jbo`e nfe ebe fit jbo` nciut tm` ip`fbfd
5 nfe ajis` ih tm` pr`s`ftntbif, nfe wmy. Iv`rnjj, miw ``atbv` ei yiu tmbfo tm`
pr`s`ftntbif wns9 C Bf pnbrs, ebsauss tm`s` qu`stbifs nciut tm` Ps`huj jnfdund` tncj`.
> Tmbam d`f`rnj t`amfbqu`s ei yiu tmbfo nr` ``atbv` nfe `nsy ti us`9 Tmy9
Ps`huj jnfdund` 8N Aikpj`t` tm` dnps bf tm` tncj` (>‑>7) wbtm tm` r`airebfd `xtrnats (n‑l). 3 Tmnt nr` tm` nevnftnd`s nfe ebsnevnftnd`s ih d`ttbfd nueb`fa` k`kc`rs ti tnjo ti
n C`hir` B smiw yiu, wmnt ei yiu tmbfo bt wbjj c`9 0 if` nfitm`r eurbfd n pr`s`ftntbif9
c Qi miw wbjj w` cubje n f`w aujtur`9 1 Tm`f anf rm`tirbanj qu`stbifs c` pnrtbaujnrjy ``atbv`9
Uieny, B wnft ti ei sik`tmbfd n j bttj` cbt eb`r`ft nfe c`dbf ky pr`s`ftntbif wbtm sik` h``ecnao. U`nam`r‒s r`siura`s<
a U 5 Bf wmbam aift`xts kbdmt kir` f`utrnj jnfdund` `fdnd` nf nueb`fa` kir`
`xtrn natbvbtb`s
e B‒k aifvbfa`e tmnt yiu anf suaa``e bf e`jbv`rbfd stir` suaa`ss. ``atbv`jy tmnf piw`rhuj viancujnry9
` Um` bssu` bs fit nciut trybfd mnre`r cut kir` nciut tmbfobfd eb`r`ftjy.
h Bt‒s r`njjy nknzbfd h``ecnao. 8 UNQO
d T` njj wnft ti cubje nf nknzbfd aujtur`.
4 N S`ne tm` prih`ssbifnj aift`xt if pnd` >35.
m T` r`njjy mnv` ti trnfsbtbif tm` aujtur` kir` ti iur austik`rs‒ f``es.
b J`t k` r`ne iut tmbs austik`r h``ecnao hir yiu? bt‒s dr`nt. C Tiro bf pnbrs. Wjnf tm` ip`fbfd (1 kbfs) nfe ajis` (3 kbfs)
ih yiur pr`s`ftntbif usbfd tm` t`amfbqu`s nfe jnfdund` bf
l Mnv` n qubao amnt ti tm` p`rsif f`xt ti yiu. B dbv` yiu tmbrty s`aifes.
tmbs j`ssif. Bfajue` tm` hijjiwbfd bfhirkntbif<
Ip`fbfd Ajis`
Riur fnk` nfe pisbtbif bf tm` aikpnfy N sukknry ih tm` knbf icl`atbv`
Um` icl`atbv` ih tm` pr`s`ftntbif Ippirtufbtb`s hir hurtm`r bfhirkntbif
Um` aift`ft ih tm` knbf pr`s`ftntbif Riur aiftnat e`tnbjs
Um` tbkbfd ih tm` pr`s`ftntbif Umnfos
A Tm`f yiu nr` r`ney, prnatbs` yiur ip`fbfd nfe ajis` wbtm yiur pnrtf`r uftbj yiu h``j aife`ft.
Um`f hirk driups nfe pr`s`ft ti itm`rs. Tm`f yiu mnv` fbsm`e, dbv` h``ecnao if< tm` iv`rnjj
ajnrbty nfe bkpnat ih tm` pr`s`ftntbif, wmbam t`amfbqu`s stueb`e bf tm` j`ssif w`r` us`e nfe
miw ``atbv` tm` t`amfbqu`s w`r` bf `fdndbfd tm` nueb`fa` wbtm tm` o`y k`ssnd`s.
4 • Miw suaa`sshujjy mnv` yiu namb`v`e tm` j`ssif iutaik`9 Dbv` yiurs`jh n sair`
hrik 7 (B f``e kir` prnatba`) ti 0 (B ofiw tmbs w`jj).
Q`jh-nss`ssk`ft • Di ti Ky Q`jh-nss`ssk`ft bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc ti r`ffi`at if wmnt yiu mnv` j`nrft.
>5 >0
> Um` j`ssif iutaik` e`f`s n aj`nr j`nrfbfd iutaik` hir `v`ry j`ssif. @nam j`ssif iutaik` `fanpsujnt`s
n fukc`r ih sp`aba J`nrfbfd Icl`atbv`s hir Wrih`ssbifnj @fdjbsm wmbam nr` jbst`e bf tmbs U`nam`r‒s
S`siura` Ciio bf tm` U`nambfd fit`s.
3 @v`ry j`ssif c`dbfs wbtm n smirt J`ne-bf natbvbty ti `fdnd` j`nrf`rs wbtm tm` j`ssif tipba.
1 Nf irbdbfnj jbst`fbfd bftrieua`s n cusbf`ss sobjj, r`jnt`e o`y t`amfbqu`s nfe o`y us`huj jnfdund`.
5 Um` Ps`huj jnfdund` s`atbif hiaus`s if tm` hufatbifnj jnfdund` hrik tm` jbst`fbfd.
0 U U`nam`r‒s r`siura`s< `xtrn natbvbtb`s @xtrn natbvbtb`s nr` aj`nrjy sbdfpist`e. Um`s` nr` WEHs nvnbjncj`
bf Ky@fdjbsmJnc nfe W`nrsif @fdjbsm Wirtnj ti ebspjny if-sar``f ir prbft. Um`y anf c` us`e ti `xt`fe n
j`ssif ir ti hiaus bf kir` e`ptm if n pnrtbaujnr s`atbif.
8 Um` fnj natbvbty bs n sbdfbanft aijjncirntbv` driup tnso ti prnatbs` tm` tnrd`t cusbf`ss sobjj nfe privbe`
nf ippirtufbty ti us` tm` hufatbifnj jnfdund` pr`s`ft`e. N sa`fnrbi ir s`v`rnj sa`fnrbi iptbifs nr`
privbe`e ti m`jp wbtm kbx`e ajnss`s nfe iht`f bfajue` nf ippirtufbty hir p`rsifnjbsntbif.
4 @v`ry j`ssif `fes wbtm n smirt Q`jh-nss`ssk`ft s`atbif wmbam `faiurnd`s j`nrf`rs ti tmbfo nciut tm`
pridr`ss tm`y mnv` kne` bf r`jntbif ti tm` j`ssif iutaik`.
>5
Bftrieuatbif
J`ssif 0 Trbtbfd
Um` nbks ih tmbs j`ssif nr` ti pr`s`ft nfe prnatbs`<
•
n sp`aba d`fr` ih cusbf`ss wrbtbfd.
•
r`j`vnft us`huj jnfdund`.
TSBUBFD
>.0 Bfv`stk`ft r`s`nram
J`nrf`rs anf wrbt` n r`s`nram r`pirt tmnt nfnjys`s n cusbf`ss ippirtufbty, nfe anf
J`ssif iutaik` us` tipba s`ft`fa`s nfe aim`sbif ti struatur` pnrndrnpms.
J`ne-bf
> S`ne tm` r`s`nram r`pirt if pnd` >18. E`abe` bh tm`s`
stnt`k`fts nr` tru` (U) ir hnjs` (H).
> Um` wrbt`r bs n r`s`nram`r hir n v`ftur` anpbtnj aikpnfy.
Um` r`ne`r wbjj c` n s`fbir knfnd`r wmi kno`s tm`
bfv`stk`ft e`absbifs.
3 Bf tm` knbf pnrt ih tm` r`pirt, tm` struatur` bs<
pnrndrnpm 5 ‑ str`fdtms?
pnrndrnpm 0 ‑ w`nof`ss`s?
pnrndrnpm 8 ‑ ippirtufbtb`s nfe tmr`nts.
1 Um` QTIU nfnjysbs bs jbo` n sukknry ih tm` wmij` r`pirt.
Ps`huj jnfdund`
1 Ebsauss tm`s` qu`stbifs, r`h`rrbfd ti tm` r`pirt if
pnd` >18 nfe tm` Ps`huj jnfdund` cix.
> Xiancujnry Ei
N O
> Um` j`ssif iutaik` e`f`s n aj`nr j`nrfbfd iutaik` hir 0 J Um` cjid pist aiftnbfs `xnkpj`s ih tm` Wnst W`rh`at
`v`ry j`ssif. @nam j`ssif iutaik` `fanpsujnt`s n fukc`r Aiftbfuius. Di ti Ky@fdjbsmJnc hir iptbifnj
ih sp`aba J`nrfbfd Icl`atbv`s hir Wrih`ssbifnj @fdjbsm drnkknr wiro.
wmbam nr` jbst`e bf tmbs U`nam`r‒s S`siura` Ciio bf tm` Um`r` bs nf iptbifnj s`aife drnkknr pibft sbdfpist`e
U`nambfd fit`s. bf `v`ry J`ssif 0. @xnkpj`s ih tm` tnrd`t jnfdund` nr`
3 @v`ry j`ssif c`dbfs wbtm n J`ne-bf bf wmbam stue`fts bfajue`e bf tm` wrbtbfd kie`j nfe stue`fts anf wntam n
nfnjys` n kie`j t`xt bf tm` Neebtbifnj knt`rbnj hir wrbtbfd vbe`i nfe ei neebtbifnj prnatba` natbvbtb`s if Ky@fdjbsmJnc.
nt tm` cnao ih tm` ciio. 8 Um` Drnkknr r`h`r`fa` s`atbif bfajue`s `xpjnfntbifs nfe
1 Um` Ps`huj jnfdund` s`atbif hiaus`s if tm` viancujnry hurtm`r `xnkpj`s ih tm` struatur`s pr`s`ft`e bf tm` wrbtbfd
nfe jbfdubstba e`vba`s typbanjjy us`e bf tm` d`fr`. kie`j.
5 U U`nam`r‒s r`siura`s< `xtrn natbvbtb`s @xtrn natbvbtb`s 4 Um` fnj natbvbty bs n Trbtbfd tnso, wmbam `jbabts tm` us`huj
nr` aj`nrjy sbdfpist`e. Um`s` nr` WEHs nvnbjncj` bf jnfdund` pr`s`ft`e bf tm` j`ssif.
Ky@fdjbsmJnc nfe W`nrsif @fdjbsm Wirtnj ti ebspjny if- = @v`ry j`ssif `fes wbtm n smirt Q`jh-nss`ssk`ft s`atbif
sar``f ir prbft. Um`y anf c` us`e ti `xt`fe n j`ssif ir ti wmbam `faiurnd`s j`nrf`rs ti tmbfo nciut tm` pridr`ss tm`y
hiaus bf kir` e`ptm if n pnrtbaujnr s`atbif. mnv` kne` bf r`jntbif ti tm` j`ssif iutaik`.
>0
f ieua if
CP F
TI O MI > ffi n m f fd
N O
k k k
k I w
w k k k
w w
w T w
U E
K
k
w
k w
w k w
k k
>8
> Bffivntbif
Pf t iv`rv `w
A NQQTISO PSUM@S TISO
Nf ffivn v` w E
npp in m
X
k
kk
Miw ffivn i
D kk D kk N
m fo
w
1 k K
Aikkuf n if k
o
w
ffi k
w
K
P
Cu f` o
P
k
k K
T
fd P
kk
k w D kk
Cu f` K
i o mip >
w
w k
>=
Useful
Not useful
U`nam` fi `
i m f fd kifd m kp i fe f iu d ffi if
ikp f f e i c c i i ik e d i uf f m f f u u
i m id f if i m pi m m ikp f d f
eif m m ffi c i i ffi if m ki ffi id f if
m ki ffiu e up iw fd i f fe i k fe i k k i e fd i
cu f f e m w e m kp i i m f fd p k f f p ipi e
pi eif u f iu p ff e m ip f i fe i f i kc du fe
fiw m fd f u m p ie ipm i Miw i kpi f
i k kc m f cu f f i e i iwf cu w
if u ew m f u u m kif i fe k f d m e ipk f i e i
fu m k f mi e f k qu k f fe ee p ic
A p ip fi i u if fe f w i if K f i m e w f
ik i u if i mf f e i c ik m e f e i e ppi f k f fe
u Pfe fe fd m uf qu w i m f fd f i d fd m c iu
i m k fe d fd m k p i cu m f fd f p fd w m f w
e i u u ffi if m wi k f qu m e f
e d f m f fd m f fd iu e fi k ciufe fe idf ffi c m
p i u u e fe iff if c w f m fd N iw fd kp i
k i e k m pi m fe f w m e m k up i m f iu e m ci
fe ii p ic k fe u if ik f w fd k iw fd m k i wi
ffi c i k fd f w k i wi fd i e p k f m k fe k fe e
p ip m f i fe m f w m fe f iu d m k i c f i k e
i fc if A fd p i i p wm m i fi m ie ip
f i f m e p ieu i f iu d m k i iu e qu fe e f m pi
fe if f m d i wm m m wi m pu u fd
Ar`nt v` tm fo fd N ue f w p ic c m p p e f ik i i c f i k fd if
nfe yiur stue`fts i f iu d c u m f fd eu fd m ue f wi ue f k im
p p e fi m kp kc e id f f we u m
if cu fd i m f f i k fd k fe k p ik k fm m p ee ip
pii p i w mf m i d f if N ue f miu e c c i m f
i kp ik m iwf p if p f i f ifk f wm m m m p ei
m fe e m k f m f fd ki m im ik fiw ed i p ip
ik m w e wi e i cu f wmi m c fd ffi i fe mf f
m e u m ic i k E if
>2
U`nam` fi `
Pf t `ne- f X e`i
S ue f i m uf fe m m ufe fe m ue f wn m n e i i nf ffi n if E i n fd
k f fd i ffi if m f ii m qui w m m nciu m ic
Am ufe fe fd i f f if fe c i e u fd m
qui i p f m k f e f c w f f f if 3 p f m fe c i ue f
fe ffi if f cu f f f if m if i w m i p f wm f ffi if E i ei
f w p ieu i pi i m k ffi if m pif c i u k f if m e ipk f i
m pp f wm f ik if kp i u m e ip i ee f w p ieu fe m i m e f if
i ik m fd m m e c f f f e fi e ik e ipk f fe p ieu if i f w p ieu fe i
ki p i c c u e i k f mi fi d f if D ue f k i e m qu if m f
f f if ik m fd f w fe i d f ffi if p m e i fe m fw w m m
uf f fd f f if f i ik m fd wm m m
k ue f e u m qui f p i k d iup > A kc ed PO
m f we iufe m 3 p w m mfi id d f i ie fd f w m
if d iu m fe e
1 ufe fe m p ic k d f f dm fe
iu e if pii p
>.> Nf ffivnt v` npprinam
1 C i ue f w m d f iu k w m i
DQ@ `n f fd ic ` v` p i e e f if i m k e ife if k f if e f m
A f p e ik X p id kk if e i dm kp e u e i e c ik if wmi ffi
wi e ip w c i iu k e ife if p
A f i iw wi e e u if c w f ffiu f fd m e f f wm m c m fd fe e d fd iie
p e fi u W f if e iu f f wm m
iu ku c ik w fe iu k fe d m
A f ikp m e f d fe e e f d
D ue f k i e m k f c i m w m
i pi c pp i m fe i u if i f u i
m fp m e iN f iu m f ue f k
p ic k
k kc ik i m f i k if ik m w fd iu
A f ikp fe u e f e u fd fd iu e m k i fw k f i m qu if m f
i fdu e c i w m fd d f m f p m e i d f i m k i
A f if cu i d iup e u if u fd fdu m ikp m fw f ifd iu iu e
ikp fdu d i ue f i i m kf
>
Tn k up 3
S ue f i m if Nf ffi pp i m 1 m w p id kk i w fd f fe m f
fe i d c e f if i f pp i m w c k f ffi if if u f
i ei fd ik m fd wm m f w e f fe c 5 m fd i m WA ikpu m m e
m f mi m ec i N m wm m 0 Wi i d ed m f c p ip w m
wiu e if e ffi f m p i wi ue c i i if i e id k
we iufe m m f ki if i m 8
e f qu if 4
=M f ei f k wm m m m p fd
if p if i k if p ip
2 m iufe m fd fd c fd if i w wik f
J`ne- f ue fd ikpu f cu w c fd p if
ue f e u ffi n if f cu f fe e kif fd m p if m m p e m fi
p ip
> E u m qu if m p fd ue f w m >7
f i cu m k f e i qu if 3 iu k
f e i p ikp ue f w m e fe i m ik
f i cu d f d f udk f e 5 Wu ue f f p i k d iup p f m fe
ci m f k f wm m i ei f if m ufe fe fd i c fd m d fd D m k
k e f C i f i fi m piu f k f f e k i e u m qu if f m p d iup m f d
i ikpu m f ef p ip ec ik m
f wi ikpu fd i e c f mi id k f uc i f
id f if wm m m p f w cu f ie ip c d fd
m k ifi p fe qu pk f fe p i e fd m k @x n n v ` >>
w m cu f fe mf e u XS m e N pi e m
ue f w m f fd p
p f m fe d ue f k i ii m d pp e
f f fe ip if c i m w m W m e i
w f m f m fw w m m
>c 3 1c 5 0 8 4 =c 2 >7
37
U`nam` fi `
C p f m fe d ue f k i e m > m ip p 3 w m if 1 m fe e
c i m w m m e i d f Wi f iu m m f e i 5 f w m 0 c f i k id m
u c w f wi fe iu wi e f md p W m e i m f 8 c dd c e 4 i f iu ikkuf
m fw w m m w fd i f fd ue f iw =k e f
m f w if m ci e i m f m m p fd
3>
U`nam` fi `
=A C i ue f m m e w m m d m k
0A
Am m ue f ufe fe m k f fd i m wi e ik k i e u m qu if m f m p fe m f
f m ci m f m f w Nd f f iu d m k i ciu miw m di fd i p f m e c qu if
i e m i i if f m fi cii m k c e ciu m e fe miw m iu e f w
m k fe qu if m k dm wm f fd i i m
f iu d m k i d
if if m ci e fe
i i m k ik > i 0 w m 0 c fd m m dm
if i m fw
ue f
i
fe k fe
ue f 1 5 k fu ie u m qu if f p m f
f e f ue f i m m fw w m m m k i if e m qu if f =C fe =A m
m ffi if k dm c m p u i w ik
wi e pm if m ci e i iw fd up if m qu if
> 3m 1 5e 0d 8 4c = 2
d ffi iu c m p i p ieu
> e up if d f i 3 ffi 1 pp i m
5 iu i e 0 ffi if i ik
>.3 Miw ffivntirs tm fo
@x n n v ` >>
Learn more
DQ@ `n f fd ic ` v`
A‑E m p i cu ik m A fd m d i p e fe mf
if m if i e if i iu k p iu e m e
ue f i ikp m k fe eu fe m f ikp
A f ufe fe e f if i mf k
fw fp c i ec
p f e f fdu ikp e k
A f m fe i p fd puf u if fe
A> k 3 m dm m 1i ik d ed
d kk k f ifd w f
5 ffi if m 0 ufi miei
ffi f dm ffi i A fe c if i e f wi e
Home E > e k up e d
iu 1 ie fd
3 ffi
mfi id
w miudm
Books Aud obooks
f i fe
Documents