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    Vasundhara Raje
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    D BLOCK

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    5 views24 pages

    D Block

    Uploaded by

    Vasundhara Raje

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 24
    The ef Aleck woloomnmnDe si back elements ano tfia elements in whith the, a ll Ni De selected CristJel niche shalt ye tied i yp Rtshall of ta ponubbimabe held As eta tubahell hoo degenerate actecf §. atomic a ahh em aecemocla le total 10 &-< ____ TRANSIT TON . iste nde hates salt 2 al aia é ____Tranctthem. _eloments Lie inbetween send a uh aborts |block clements in tHe Leng frm of perio. ct table 4 and have tfiaty properlies inlermedéate bohuoen | i —{s.2.p_blerkplemenisxepeetznbing- aching foam ‘ 7” ‘4 ( ( oe Se hy _Se_Ti_V_tr Mn zz. pes, Rl 22 23 24 25 ees: e —"— oT -———| to thie filing op pee | Ah ahotl comilsts af the to clements of tke st ented coh. Bg 40 ay 42 430 4g as Oe gol te pol os. had ; ad”? i a Bethe EE oanauken Serves ~ Sd_seniex_cosrebending Jo hs fdlling of Sad-Arhshol) consat 24-10 elements of eth 1 Beate iaiomg ha co begets ss Day ee el a = lath ti | : 4 Op stlien sent = acl _sextes_comeshonding ty ~o . et entc_confltumation ap d—bleck elements wa hin net? apd", wahine ix oulermmest hall te Theelechemte comfiguna lien of Antti of groupei2 one ————surpresented by gunenal fermulaitmijd!?. ns. The d-obital liad plorti Bick eeendact Solu ea eam codegan oe il cbs bbbrke Memodde le ae Bi mit Elemenis_ef- group=3- Se lowes alte cliftor fomn — sransitien_elemonts, The ¢embaunds of Here elements ue tunifermby trivalent (43) dimagnohe colourless. wheaas dypitad hansthien elaments shows vneuiahle —— oxidation stale formed coloured tens_and cna -Peamag mehe 0 arn not suganclod ax: pital hansitien dina ach Se,¥, La. Fate alg biden re) d= black slesigiiaite stile tea eG clhewite 2. _The ebemenks a} gab 3 (Sc. % La, Ac Ain.” pt bone a oir Ceatige) eoae-caltack- mee typitad tenasthina —___.elemonts_vhi'le offen elements cae cabled. doypital —.______hansttien -clemonts (group Gait ye ; C octet oj tyansthion elements, ADME= s-2pbleck obment. ___ poses tg genmal adem rdit_ of de black elomonkenaserics @ dude es wit tncrene tn_abi na. but the decroare 4n_at sxe sh ee ___ HRe_atemit vadlius —clecrearer uit snereare cn at no. ar de nucheasr ea be res 3 the _shielding effect of de edoc! 0 thy fos nt leche al ee ec V Bereta Cook Cy LZ Fe Te abba salaiincis aichiac cotta Re inereaye mn Ad -Es_ ——streening 2fftch smncreases Ths countesholanas the — , ———lncreaxed_nuchea xchange --a+—o— result te ot. radi remain _prachically same_ofter Cr, same trend [is ehrerved in 2% and 2°4 -ronsition sentes, pe Jab ts end of Jfis_perted, dfome 13a. slp te (acreax ln He ak: adit due tp tnereased interelechenrc : hrepulvion bia sis added @s tn ifs same_arbitnls ass whith ome gasober then tte atbyachive frcos_duo tothe mee —nereayed nuclean change This remlts tn the expansion ACD lop te elechem elaud and alemic oclina increoses.. +The alenut radius Jincreares down the_qreup-but »$————@temik_adii_o} 2c and 24 tansthen cu: almest ia _same clus tp Lonthemle cenaching —_____.joMie eANTT= The trend 3 same _ar_aterur mdi. tate ——__+ len of Jame charge -ina_given_aconsier veut |Ariad_frogrorteive tr raclius. volta, Jncreoaing-atemur na —__This_is_bocaure the nua és enters d-arbttal each Lime aoe 3 (Hsaucltarchaageaincreases by unity « Tha screening effect _by d= elechens i small 40 die net elechastach’ ————latbachen b/w Re nucleus and vabona.é- increases + mal_wenic radius cleoreases, i {ONTcA TION N_ENTHAL Bhs hs ANCTEOACS —— aA wars. mordnie tne no.oheng— —$— ins gaat ee rf filly Perel ae “till and 2° rt ntact alga bub tine is all in th Lema Cr to Man and — Se futon This becaute offer ti removal — ' of 2 cr and tu and acquire stable confgurahon | (8 ond d*) nae ae : — Birra een Nagin = ee thi tf tm ven hip 3° 6 hos to ba ——_2emoved fem stable a : a = Thi? change fem fet* fo Ri ia mall haus @ configuration of s —essep at -E_ gives stable —— Tha haga Voluts of Ps for Cubana Zn_¢xpbing (eae why they have _max—_o. The frat eb of Sd. elamanks.ane_highen. do dtsse_of acand teh eDomanls This i dire un _s-d- ee ° The LPS ap ad ¢ 4d_claments_ane—cregulan If Ake chemical specior har stable ebecteme configu. vation with half filid or fall felled A cx forbital He remool of & 8 defRiaitt and ik req ut es -_— Petanic cuAnacten => pe Bsecaht of Hg uahuidh tse. “a, —Liguid «abd He transition pies eotnants have typical modtbbdee chanactex. The thanaile i ebement have_- yelabively too 1h and tRo valance —____ins- €s_ aa wel) ox un paired cn-d_é-s ane _uxed tn pee jmatobbic bend fermation : Cqrrcc ten 13 _the_no.of unpaire a Mad és,atrenger us the melalle hencling Cr, Mo and wl have max moo} unpaired és 20 thy anc hand ul bt nmodabs. —vohtneas Xn,Cd Ha aoe mot very hod due 2 —_—Ao_absence of topaived 2s. wi Sheng metallst bends b/w te atems_of— Hisxe _cloments_ans responsible fer hugh. MP and_B:P.. Thesis clear frem_ Rai high, ees enthabpier of ateomisation Ceningy a at red to _ pe te ee ea. oe a ; — SAG ic ARH Stas of iia nce : + magnotic field, substances ane eh ete. andl fers meg bid ici | Oem , a € saad el ft le Aubatancy cou. atbracted by the applied ‘ ———— Magneto fld It ino prcperly dua to. fe_brevence —« ———ef-unbuited electron . In the case ef bomitien metal _¢ 0 Roy contain unaired 6 in pd orbital € ——mestef the sbanthien modal ens and faty comp © bi codes 14S insta) Bm. € i me of umbatred ditrsh orem pla oe tea jj — Btls he —Bimagnatic. Aubstoncos ane ese sshd ce. nabiblad bay. @ bond — the magne. field. The sramathienelamanis dita st** _ and Te zat ut have abt \ —¢ aed ai -dimapnabic tp ehonacter. ——-® is FORMA Troy abel geen TOMGacidhen cntelecter es meee SS fom a tower enorgy e d- anbital is excited toa. higher enmgy d-orbital (ded hon sition), ha_eningy of exutahien corresbenda to a " fequuncy of Hild obsntuds The fequtncy genrally, § ‘Mes io Ra wile glen The caleuy obieried. eorajenl® 4 ' pi , ——. [ass cepa -calourof the light. abscrbud. The. , p -——— flequaney. of put absorbed an upen Re natwou . —— 9} panda, cut Zot. Sams eo. calauslens dua to > absence cf unbatred -d- clechena (ia configuration) penal af hl emchaunds-— Th honchen . BE boned anginda form a. lange 2-0} cemblex compminds erie comparabiely amatl oa ond torr hrgl. tent chorges and te -arclination. s ——catalighc ackivchies dus fo Hair abtlity Jo adopt — muttble 0:3. and to. fxm complexes. They form > ee cee with swactant by changes ———.0:8..and_frovide Saver nae wc —— ower _activabien enngy. —— FORMATION OF INTERSTITIAL COMPOUNDS: Inkrabshhl comp a ae-Prmed when te ae N cow trophed. ip the voila of Re tempol Jattion of metals e Thy Ore usually nen- anda & nother ty senic nov_covolent. The inkratchal cembounds have + High MP4. Higher Jon these of pune metals + They a very hard. seme borides approach cduamend. in hander F &RLOLLELOLEOOE axe CFeCrts,) _ f “f 03 + » aaa ee t+HG@NodH +702 - arya a Na2Crde tat Atta 13 ee an? +2c0,--> —t > _Cy20777 + Heo | __ Orange CN eueesow F Moses +AKW ———> kiCr,07 + 2niaco i Pot. deel vomadte ae Nita aa a on. i i 1 . / . - ane 2 a x —atkabé Cinerea sing | FH) changes hack da_>eDla waesiin: —~ chromate. Honee they Lome inter, a ee cress Aaa oH d SSS + Hao Chom at Dichiomate tena funchions ax oxidising agen? becau Cr ia she hagheat oxidising atole Le she Pub no os, of -46 € Lin the acidic mudium it changes fo Gt by qn ofae Cunder goes Suductien). Hen it funcliens athe cxidici b ee Geluche, 44+ 4 SC +ACInIc MEDIUM +Ox1DIsI at Tadide to ede ro BE + lan? 4 cor ei ory a ton? + 617 + Ct2077~ ti Has tes —6E + 1a? + Cr.0)7" ——» acytt* Has 8Ht + 3Has4 C077 +720 2S +2H* +26) x3 = 2GG 7.0 +35 *,Stanngus (Sn**) ip ic (Saat) GE. + 14H* + Cr20,7” ——, RCr7** +720 3Sn*? ee 1an* + 35n2* + Cra0y"” —22Cy*4? 4 35,44 +720 Ferrers (Green) Jo ferric CyebLno) 14Ht +6€ 4 Cra07” —» agrtt + 7H20 Gfet?_ ——__5 Geertt +66 tant + o@tty C14077~ ArT t 7 + gt | 8 ‘ nin sia POTASSIUM. peenisanate CkKMnd,.) on 9 . tt --- ~Mn—o7 ~ un .Mn— OT 1 oO. No : 2 a = midds Bork vialed cryalaltine oid fairdy rcluble in water i It ahows weak, tem. deopeudant pra magnetism — PREPARATION: By fusion of pyowluatle cre Mno, wit —— alkali metal hydroxide and an oxic ng ——- gent Berke kmo3 or ary to que gpucn._fokerssivin marganal ae Which dusboberhionate in aude or neutral medium te sath form vinlot_bermanganate . — 2Mnd, + 4koH +02 ates 2 avincy, +2H20 COE OIG aE —Pyroluatite een! +o ped +" +7 = +u {Mindy 25 > Minor + Mindy eeteee | 4c. 1 (inket) (ewwn ) Fermagrak eer Minty +x a _aé tant ¢Mmar~ ——_Mn0, +2420 BMnbe tat ——> ammaz 4nd +aHad Dusbnaborhenahen ~An_eloment jn a parbialay as ¢ undergoes —timaltaniau oxidation to higher Os and reduction Jo Dower 0-8. COMMERCIAL. PREPARATION’ Alkaline oxidative fiurr a a pyrolusite ore (Mn0,) followed by clechobiycic oxidahien of manganale Cw) RMna +4KOH +02——> 2kiMndy +2420 Mn 0g. ieee Ming, 3 EOS E SEE EEE EE EE | | =— tt beol TS ——} pttt = lait eet ptt i ——bMn 0g" ——> Mn++ +. Spttt StI 7 te $2, — ne Bosp Apt ok Mevnvpinttoce Incest eee all el [ei ent ee asenait bat tas) xS i 5 o——— +t 4+ 5S0q t+ 3H20 aut +2mmty +5 sog 7 —— ant | a + (Nite cups) te Nitrate (Moz) [sé + ent +Mnde ——> Mott + 4H20 . | tpo + Neg ——>_ Nog tant +2615 Lent +2Mn0q +5NOZ ——? 2 mntt +503 t3H20 CESS SSS SEK SSS ITN) NEUTRAL MEDIUM £ ALKALINE MEDIUM i. be + 4 Ht + Mnd,~ ——» Mnda + 2Ha0 cNeutral) ee aan: Mindat CAtKabine) ee sr . ~~? —— far Tunsulphabe S203 —te_sul phate fotkaline) iat 29 10. et Sag 22804) “7 +5H,0 +8€)3_ ge —___ SE 2H tiny ——> Manda se 4 oni 8 ot pai i ae tae Bai os ___ | 3S + 2420 M0 ———> Mla +. 40H |] x2 | eae tr > OS tare +62 Det —— Rn ee +103. oe __ le (Mangano salt (Mint) to vind, (Noutal modu | sim, taut ou bg? Hop pyballemetays #eveoebebee eb @ . Heal bres. - : ja “— ) a ded- arene: { n feces have do bn overcemed in exch. ib atimnice Hemsthinn ants. far tahuth.a tab o} heat Y tia equive Hons drosttien_elamants pe Bn a —— Ba Batons drancithien elon oe tl is more. As their 1-f Js less yen 2 loner dese valoncr lfm e ned _€ -for 6 Ackinaids exhibit a gpuater Senge af 0s. comeng the Fc hn ht tn cdl because op Lami enngy difference bw Sf, @d £15 penis a BOs 1 duc. a tes a 2 (Tronsihien mola) forms inlets) combonds © The-meinllit crystal Aatir of Aronsitien elomunts have 1 Minlashthal vacant spaces sist which small sized nen - metal atoms CHs@ 8) canbe exchabbd 1 resubting tds Lin frmation etna) cemboundas. eg coat tren (Fe +<) ‘ -# {det is hutisn burt in. the to Cee teng ligand ik in eatily exidited... zs ‘ > — ee fem +2 48:43 os Go ha» more dendeuies ts frm_combleres thon Gt, Breliier ie rls JD} Sj J FIP ad ald dd —T | cellar | pate{ | | | q ; ————eanfiguanabiin Co? acto tha seducing. j-agank but Mn! yf existing: gent a Sa a a a ae pane move Mobly thon @** tewond oxidate: Lite Beet ie doin 12 2s* 2p) ae ap’ ad Cexhn MO table half felled acl cvbital) so Lecco} & unfavourable MW ita apt ai ze! sA$ Con Mesing 12 sterble_cemfipusa- @ bien of 25 is ottainad_in oxidation of pat te oF easthy accuns)—_§ colons ate sxont ad 497 Es peta = ee gradually ccc pated 2diaGGee) te ad® wd ___CMin2*), Sinco na. of d=orbttol decreases Bike Atabuhity gee eveMNinoreet st eS pet @ 2 Teamsitben mei! ies) a} aie _cempaundr a Qo [por namagnedism = -dise tothe presence of unbatred é5 un. 9 nd abt. Mages nag ee elemands a ruse dus te mation af 6. _ tetrcose nes 2. A confiquaacten 4s very umakabls Antena. sash dems Buc 2 54 Be ee oe acquire exhastebilily Dc do_cen' : ipl iei Sic ) eo {Tho a nam metal ss. ee ici ) 142, js Wie ea ell ons pe Se hig : ; EX yr ng sa_tum_op ¢ eae ee ig Catt! is standard enthalpy of aden T ster Meg Aph® S28 > Mee [AtH* Ce standard enthat fy <} tniiation Bits, Meloy + Aq -» May t+ Ahya H°[stondanet enthathy Hydration] Gat? + Ap’) > As He a oe honges suclucing agint cat ey al x E i sbonger Suducing agent ar £ GY o2t 2041 = AR Meth OTT ge Catt iy eastly o f dibek _ te_cx** ond acts as suducing agent. - e041 The * Ccuttlou) i postive + In ad series fem Ltr) ax sation of Zin is he ~ ~Gaoup 12 elements Zn.caé Hp Sg aver dE ns* configunahion 40 dus to He absenu ~e - unpatted és tho murtuol d-d over ing bjw she atems 6 fr ovolent bends is nat pessible Ae Hhty ane hilly volatile © oe Trth, is geod. veducing agent. Ji-ts* 2st2p’ 35% apt e ast, ad® Tow) ; “Bs te attain inc e cenfigurahion of 134251 apast ep ae tt undergees 9 ee. = behave ars ruckuscing agi e ¢ e In 2d series which elements shows max_o.s ] Mn@as) ar ils confi nation .2d$,us? and. has max no. of Es Chae dés and dwo 45 @'s) to Less cor shone and hone it can enubito.s fem +atot7. © Zn. Gel ond Ho one mat cemsidend te ke doansitien efsments dentition elements are Mose which exther ar Shae alain oc _tn. nie hea commen —o.S— ——_folled d- er k —— have_ns*_tp-d and in - he fe 0S have n-yd® cenfy ———fe12_nem_typtea) _d-blerk elements ——____— a: —0| The TiP.3 at Mn ‘ja scare eae eat nd Fe. Becavre —S— 3 Salo hate nto causally —ferto_remon) of <4 e. The & hor to br removed —| fem sled. shhcracesieaaee bet Ip iBBPn egal 2-en_tesing— &_ottain stobibihy, @2% (ad eit hax TPs sa Dorr rT i eee va } Dee a_eaaclising 8 = Ke (s4 2 ak —____§ lpi Sse Serer ga + ctccmdling tn fazan's rule gaat the exe of anion, mare Atte}, lar’sabaedy and mane sia the onal chameler se tice 0 have_| ge le we folosisabilhy te comboat natine Ben —_

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