NERVOUS SYSTEM

- In biology, the nervous system is the highly

complex part of an animal that coordinates its
actions and sensory information by transmitting
signals to and from different parts of its body. The
nervous system detects environmental changes
that impact the body, then works in tandem with
the endocrine system to respond to such events.
 Disease #1: ALZHEIMER’S

– What is Alzheimer’s disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. It is a progressive
disease beginning with mild memory loss and possibly leading to loss of the
ability to carry on a conversation and respond to the environment. Alzheimer’s
disease involves parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language. It
can seriously affect a person’s ability to carry out daily activities.
– What are the symptoms and cause of the disease?
The early signs of the disease include forgetting recent events or conversations.
As the disease progresses, a person with Alzheimer’s disease will develop severe
memory impairment and lose the ability to carry out everyday tasks. Alzheimer’s
disease is thought to be caused by the abnormal build-up of proteins in and
around brain cells. One of the proteins involved is called amyloid, deposits of
which form plaques around brain cells. The other protein is called tau, deposits of
which form tangles within brain cells.
 Disease #1: ALZHEIMER’S

– What are the treatments/ medicines to cure the disease?

There’s currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease. But there is medicine
available that can temporarily reduce the symptoms.
The main medicines are:
DONEPEZIL (Aricept), MEMANTINE (Namenda), REVASTIGMINE (Exelon)
and Galantamine (Razadyne).
There are Treatments involve therapies and activities to lessen or slower
the effects of Alzheimer’s disease to a patient such as Cognitive
stimulation therapy, Cognitive rehabilitation and Reminiscence and life
story work.
 Disease #1: ALZHEIMER’S

– How to prevent the disease?

Prevent and manage high blood pressure.
Manage blood sugar.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Be physically active.
Quit smoking.
Avoid excessive drinking.
Prevent and correct hearing loss.
Get enough sleep.
 Disease #2: EPILEPSY

– What is Epilepsy?
Epilepsy, which is sometimes called a seizure disorder, is a disorder of the brain. A
person is diagnosed with epilepsy when they have had two or more seizures. A seizure
is a short change in normal brain activity. Seizures are the main sign of epilepsy. Some
seizures can look like staring spells.
– What are the symptoms and cause of the disease?
The symptoms of epilepsy are Temporary confusion, A staring spell, Stiff muscles,
Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs, Loss of consciousness or
awareness, and Psychological symptoms such as fear, anxiety or déjà vu.
Abnormalities in the brain, including brain tumors or vascular malformations such as
arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and cavernous malformations, can cause epilepsy.
Causes of epilepsy Are Stroke, brain tumour, severe head injury, Drug abuse or alcohol
misuse, brain infection and a lack of oxygen during birth
 Disease #2: EPILEPSY

– What are the treatments/ medicine to cure the disease?

The common treatment for epilepsy are , Anti-seizure medication
(ASM), Ketogenic diet, Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Epilepsy surgery
and Cannabis oil for epilepsy.
Many medications are used in the treatment of epilepsy and
seizures, including;
Carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Tegretol, others), Phenytoin (Dilantin,
Phenytek), Valproic acid (Depakene), Oxcarbazepine (Oxtellar,
Trileptal), Lamotrigine (Lamictal), Gabapentin (Gralise, Neurontin),
Topiramate (Topamax), Phenobarbital and Zonisamide (Zonegran)
 Disease #2: EPILEPSY

– How to prevent the disease?

Prevent traumatic brain injuries.
Lower the chances of stroke and heart
disease.
Get vaccinated.
Wash your hands and prepare food safely.
Stay healthy during your pregnancy.
Take vitamins
 Disease #3:
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS
– What is Neurofibromatosis?
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic condition that causes tumours to grow along your
nerves. The tumours are usually non-cancerous (benign) but may cause a range of symptoms.
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is much less common than NF1. It’s covered separately as it has
different symptoms and causes.
– What are the symptoms and causes of the disease?
There are two types of neurofibromatosis, each with different signs and symptoms.
Neurofibromatosis 1 Signs and symptoms include; Flat, light brown spots on the skin (café au
lait sspots, Freckling in the armpits or groin area), Tiny bumps on the iris of the eye (Lisch
nodules) Soft, pea-sized bumps on or under the skin (neurofibromas), Bone deformities, Tumor
on the optic nerve (optic glioma), Learning disabilities, Larger than average head size and Short
stature.
Neurofibromatosis 2 Signs and symptoms can include:
Gradual hearing loss, Ringing in the ears, Poor balance and Headaches
 Disease #3:
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS
– What are the treatments/ medicine to cure the disease?
There isn’t a cure for neurofibromatosis, but signs and symptoms can be managed. Generally, the
sooner someone is under the care of a doctor trained in treating neurofibromatosis, the better the
outcome. Most treatment options focus on relieving or reducing symptoms.
Neurofibromatosis is caused by genetic defects (mutations) that either are passed on by a parent or
occur spontaneously at conception. The specific genes involved depend on the type of
neurofibromatosis: NF1 . The NF1 gene is located on chromosome 17.
Selumetinib (Koselugo) is a treatment for plexiform neurofibroma in children. Clinical trials of similar
drugs are currently ongoing for children and adults.
Surgery and other procedures/ treatments includes:
Surgery to remove tumors.
Stereotactic radiosurgery
Auditory brainstem implants and cochlear implants.
 Disease #3:
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS
– How to prevent the disease?
You cannot prevent or avoid Neurofibromatosis.
You can have genetic testing to see if you carry the
gene.
REFERENCES
– https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_system
– https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/overview-of-nervous-system-disorders
– https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-alzheimers
– https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350447
– https://www.cdc.gov/aging/aginginfo/alzheimers.htm
– https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/about/faq.htm
– https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epilepsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20350093
– https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/epilepsy/treatment/
– https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/preventing-epilepsy.htm
– https://medlineplus.gov/neurofibromatosis.html
– https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/neurofibromatosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350490
– https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/neurofibromatosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350495
– https://familydoctor.org/condition/neurofibromatosis/amp/