Pavement Marking and Raod Studs

06-06-2022
Pavement Marking, & Road Studs (IRC:35:2015), Atom Bomb Dropped on Date :
August 6 & August 9, 1945
Location
New Standards, Concepts and Materials Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japan World
May 25,2022 War – II
Training Programme for PWD Engineers, ESTI

Jaipur
By
BL Rawat
BE(Honours), M.E.(Transportation),MBA
Chief General Manager, CEG Ltd, Jaipur
Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. ISO 9001:2008 Company Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. ISO 9001:2008 Company
Death in Road Accident in India V/s Atomic Number of Road Accidents and number of
Bomb Blast at Hiroshima & Nagasaki persons Involved: 2005 to 2016
 THE UNITED STATES, WITH THE CONSENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM AS
LAID DOWN IN THE QUEBEC AGREEMENT, DROPPED NUCLEAR WEAPONS ON  Accidents Severity Index
THE JAPANESE CITIES OF HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI IN AUGUST 1945,
DURING THE FINAL STAGE OF WORLD WAR II. THE TWO BOMBINGS, WHICH (Nos of persons killed per 100 accident)
 2005- 21.6%
KILLED AT LEAST 1,29,000 PEOPLE. AFTER EFFECT (2,46,000+) .
PERSONS KILLED IN ROAD ACCIDENTS IN INDIA  2010- 26.9%
1,42,485 IN THE YEAR (2011) AND  2016- 31.4%
1,50,000 AND MANY MORE IN THE YEAR (2016) ONWARD  In India more than 1.5 lakh people lost life in road
Year Accidents (Nos) Fatalities (Nos) accident during past every year
2015 5,01,423 1,46,133  NH constitute about 2% of the total road network of
India but account for 29.6% of total Accident and
2016 5,37,370 1,56,308
37.5% death
2017 5,19,440 1,53,097
Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. ISO 9001:2008 Company Consulting Engineers Group Ltd.
06-06-2022
Accident Statistics_Rajasthan Road Users Involved in Fatalities

Year No of Injured Death Percentage Nos of
Accidents % Murder
per year
2014 24628 27453 10289 +5.81
2015 24072 26153 10510 +2.14 1569
2016 23066 24103 10465 -0.42 1551

Source ;
2017 22112 22071 10444 +0.20 1473 30% 11% 8% 4% 45%
MoRTH Yr 2011
Trucks and Cars and Two Three Pedestrians
May,18 9758 9891 4415 362
Buses Jeeps Wheelers Wheelers
Not Known 2%
Year 2016 25.6% 31.5% in 2015
34.8% in 2016 Death 19.3% were
reported to be not
wearing Helmets
The problem is much bigger than we think

Accident Statistics_MoRTH 2016
(what we know is just tip of the iceberg ?)
• Drivers Fault - 84% accidents Many injury and damage only

accidents are not recorded in
police statistics
• Over Speeding - 66.5% (2016)
- 62.2% (2015) 5-10% ?
and 61% death
• Unreported slight
• Intake of Alcohol and drugs by drivers – 1:15:70 Injuries
3.1% accident and 5.1% fatalities could be as high as
• Use of Mobile phones while driving 30,000/year ?
In India
2000 accident death (2016) International 1: 3 to
• Over loading - 12.8% 1 dead:85 • Unreported damage only 1: 6
crashes could be over
injuries
100,000/year ?
06-06-2022
BLR1 BLR1
Sub-Topics ACCIDENT DATA _Carriageway Width (2016)
 Accident Statistics _ Location Specific

 Traffic Calming Measures
 Pavement Marking
 Road Studs
 Road Side Objects Painting
ACCIDENT DATA _
ACCIDENT DATA _Type of Junctions (2016)
Sharp Curves, Steep Gr, Edge Drop (2016)
Slide 9
BLR1 BL Rawat, 14-05-2018
Slide 10
BLR1 BL Rawat, 14-05-2018

06-06-2022
Road Safety Issues _ Minor Junctions

ACCIDENT DATA _Condition of Road (2016)
Churu Salasar NH-65
Safety Hazard What is Required
(Present Status) (Remedy)
ISO 9001:2008 Company

Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. ISO 9001:2008 Company
ACCIDENT DATA _Age of Vehicles (2016) Why Traffic Calming Measures are Required ??
(IRC:99:2018)
A decrease in Average Speed of 1 Km/hr will typically

result in a 3% decrease in fatal Accident Frequency
-1..
What is Over Speed ????

06-06-2022
Classification of Traffic Calming Measures

(IRC:99:2018)
Traffic Calming Measures

(IRC:99:2018)
Classification of Traffic Calming Measures Classification of Traffic Calming Measures

(IRC:99:2018)_ 1) Active or Design Enforced (IRC:99:2018)_ 2) Passive or Law Enforced
 Physical Warning  Speed Table  Traffic / Road Signs

 Driver Feedback Signs
 Lane Narrowing  Raised Cross Road
 Variable Road Sing Messages
 Speed Breakers/ Humps  Raised Intersections  Pavement Markings
 Circular Humps  Textured Pavement  Gates
 Trapezoidal Humps  Roundabouts  3-Dimentional Marking on Roads
 Rumble Strips  Mini Roundabouts
 Transverse Bar Markings  Staggering
 Transverse Bar Markings  Chicane / Knick
06-06-2022
Speed Hump_ Should be upto Shoulders end to end Design of Circular Humps
(IRC:99:2018)_ 1) Active or Design Enforced
Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. ISO 9001:2008 Company Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. 6/6/2022
Design of Circular Humps Design of Trapezoidal Road Humps

(IRC:99:2018)_ 1) Active or Design Enforced (IRC:99:2018)_ 1) Active or Design Enforced
Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. 6/6/2022 Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. 6/6/2022
06-06-2022
Design of Trapezoidal Road Hump Design of Speed Table/Raised Pedestrian Crossing

(IRC:99:2018)_ 1) Active or Design Enforced (IRC:99:2018)_ 1) Active or Design Enforced
ROAD SAFETY FOR PEDESTRIAN

Implementation Issues ROAD SAFETY FOR PEDESTRIAN
 Road crossing for Pedestrian
06-06-2022
Rumble Strip of Mastic Asphalt or Bituminous Concrete Transverse Marking of Thermoplastic

20-30mm thick, 200-300mm wide @1m c/c 5 mm or 15mm Height, 300mm wide @600mm c/c 6Nos Strips
Narrowing the Road Speed Hump should be end to end

(IRC:99:2018)_ 1) Active or Design Enforced
06-06-2022
Rumble Strip Should up to the Edge of Shoulders Rumble Strip Should up to the Edge of Shoulders
Rumble Strip Should up to the Edge of Shoulders Rumble Strip Should up to the Edge of Shoulders
06-06-2022
Rumble Strip Should up to the Edge of Shoulders PVC Speed Bump Should not be used
06-06-2022
Road Delineators (IRC:79-2019)

Delineators Types:-
1. Roadway Indicators
2. Median Markers
3. Hazard Markers and
4. Object Markers
06-06-2022
Road Delineators (IRC:79-2019) Road Delineators (IRC:79-2019)

1. Roadway Indicators 1. Roadway Indicators
Spacing:-
A) Normal Spacing Straight Road-50 to 70 m c/c
B) Vertical Curve- 30-50m c/c
C) H. Curve -Up to 300m radius –as given in Table 1
D) Beyond the Curve- in approaches
1) 1.8 S
2) 3 S and
3) 6 S but not exceeding 50m c/c
E) Causeways, Problematic locations-5 or 10 m c/c
Height-800 to 900mm above GL Sheeting Type-XI
IRC:67-2012 and ASTM D 4956
For High Speed Roads/ Low volume/ Rural Roads

high Volume Roads
Work-Zone Delineators
Road Delineators (IRC:79-2019) Road Delineators (IRC:79-2019)
2. Median Markers (Flexible Median Marker FMM) 3. Hazard Markers

Colour- Main Body –Black(Flexible Thermoplastic Sheeting Type-XI type as per
Reflector-Florescent Yellow
Reflective Area- Minimum 90Sq cm ( Minimum Height- IRC:67-2012
180, Width-120mm, Shank-20mm+30mm)
Sheeting – Type XI as per IRC:67-2012 Strips- Normal Traffic
Spacing 2mc/c Urban Area to 5m c/c interurban highway
Yellow and Black slopping at
45° Towards the Traffic is to
pass
Height-900mm minimum
Width- 300mm (L& R)
-450mm Two Way
Location – In front of Object
Work-Zone- Red & White
Colour
06-06-2022
4. Object Markers
Pavement Markings (IRC:35-2015)
Classification of Pavement Markings ROAD Markings_ Specifications

for Road Markings (IRC:35-2015)
Broadly Classified in seven Categories (Base 1. Road Marking Materials
2. Classification of Pavement Markings
on placement and function) 3. Markings for Road Links
1. Longitudinal Marking -(LM) LM01-LM31 4. Road Studs
5. Stop and Giveway Markings
2. Transverse Marking -(TM) TM01-TM08 6. Markings for Transition and Lane Change
3. Hazard Marking -(HM) HM02-HM28 7. Arrows and Word Messages
4. Block Marking -(BM) BM01-BM08 8. Markings for At-Grade Intersections
9. Grade Separated Junctions
5. Arrow Marking -(AM) AM01-AM24 10. Markings for Speed Reduction, Pedestrian, Cyclists
6. Directional Marking -(DM) DM01-DM22 11. Markings for Buses, Truck Lay-By, Toll- Plaza
7. Facility Marking -(FM) FM01-FM20 12. Parking and Restrictions
13. Objects Paintings
14. Performance Assessment and Monitoring
15. Warranty and Testing Methods
06-06-2022
Road Marking Materials Road Marking Materials

Retro Reflectivity
Commonly Used Materials
1. Thermoplastic Markings
2. Solvent- based and Waterborne Road Marking Paints
3. Cold Applied Plastics
4. Performed Adhesive Tapes
Visibility Related to speed:-
 Marking must be clearly visible in day and night Retro Reflectivity depends on:-
 An important aid for driver to follow the unlit roads at night • Size and Quality of beads
 Need to detect guidance markings at a distance equivalent to a minimum • Fixing method-Glass-Beads are partially embedded on surface and also spread
of two seconds of travel time externally during application time
• Quality of beads- clear & sharp beads, no rubbed surface
• Size of beads-large bead (Minimum 1mm thickness) more effective
• Wet condition
• Wear durability
• Quality & Quantity of TITANIUM DIOXIDE-white Pigment-render Brightness to the
marking
Pavement Marking Materials, RM_ Performance Assessment

Night Visibility Rl and Day Visibility Qd
06-06-2022
RM_ Performance Assessment by

RM_ Performance Assessment
Retroreflectometer
1. Day-time Visibility
 Qf-Diffused illumination Coefficient - Unit of Retro- Reflectivity (RL) is
(milli candela per Square meter per lux-(mcd/m2/lux)
 Qd- Illumination Coefficient driver can view from 30m
 Cemented Road (Qd) – min 130 mcd/m2/lux
 Bitumen Road (Qd)- min 100mcd/m2/lux
2. Night-time Visibility
3. Wet reflectivity
4. Wear Durability:<70% of marking remaining

5. Skid Resistance (SRT): min 45 (BPN)
Change in Colour of Rigid Pavement

Colours of Pavement Markings 07 January 2019
1.Bituminous Surface:- Table A.1 to A.7

i. White- Widely used
ii. Yellow- It is not permitted to cross the marking-longitudnal,
Block, Cemented Roads
iii.Blue-New & Special marking Bus Rapid Transit system
(BRTS), Bus lane-Public Transport
iv. Green-Bicycle and Non-motorised transport
v. Red/Purple- Hazardous locations, Pedestrian traffic conflict
with motorized traffic/petrol pumps
2.Concerete Pavement:-The marking upon concrete shall be
Yellow WHITE in colour in order to bring forth sharp contrast
with natural colour of concrete.
06-06-2022
Marking of Road Links No- Overtaking Zone Marking

1) Center Line No Overtaking Zone Markings may be:-
 Used on only Single carriageway roads –Width 5.5m or more  Solid line either single or Double along the centre line
 May not be provided at  Ladder Hatching, two solid lines separated by min600mm and 100 or
• Width Transition location 150mm wide, diagonal of 200mm width provided @4m for speed upto
• Additional turning lane at junction 65kmph and @6m for speed exceeding 65kmph
• Odd No of Lanes on Horizontal/Vertical curves with limited SD
HM10/HM11/HM12/HM13
• Urban roads with parking permitted on one side only
• On curve with extra widening- No Overtaking Central Line
 No-overtaking zone lines should be marked always with STUDS.
 Marked when Sight Distance available is less than the Minimum Visibility
2) Traffic Lane Line Distance (MVD)
 Having two or more lane in one direction
 To eliminates confusion at intersections, turning movements
 Near pedestrian crossings/Dangerous locations
3) No Overtaking Lines
 Summit Curve, horizontal curves, overtaking manoeuvring prohibited,
restricted sight distances, other hazardous conditions
 Double solid line prescribed for continuous no-overtaking marking, which is
not to be crossed on either side.
No- Overtaking Zone Marking No- Overtaking Zone Marking

No Overtaking Zone Markings may be:- No Overtaking Zone Markings may be:-
MVD:- distance at which an object of On Horizontal Curve- Ratio in
1.05m above the carriageway can be seen Which Carriageway widening
by observer, taking out both Vertical &
should be Divided ei/ea
Horizontal curvatures based on 85th
percentile speed Where Curve Radius is
WSD:-Warning sight Distance below 60m
SBL:- Start of Barrier Line
EBL:- End of Barrier Line
Normal Centre Line(LM01/LM02)→Warning Center
Line(LN04/LM05) 7 segment with Deflection Arrows(AM17/AM18)→No-
Overtaking for traffic Approaching Non-visibility stretch (LM28/LM29)(WSD)→
No-Overtaking Center Line(LM26/LM27/HM10/HM11 (MVD+NON-
VISIBILITY+MVD)→ No-Overtaking for traffic Approaching Non-visibility
stretch (LM28/LM29)(WSD) → Warning Center Line(LN04/LM05) 7 segment
with Deflection Arrows(AM17/AM18)→Normal Centre
Line(LM01/LM02)
Center Line in Extra Widened Curved Portion
06-06-2022
No- Overtaking Zone Marking Marking of Road Links

No Overtaking Zone Markings may be:-
4) Warning Lines
Ladder Hatching as Center  Warning Line are broken lines, marked on Horizontal and Vertical Curves, where visibility is greater
Line:-On Acute curve where if the than Minimum Visibility Distance(MVD) but less than Warning Sight Distance(WSD)
Paved portion is more than the Extra  Always used as single
widening required  A minimum 7 Segment of warning line shall be provided at all locations
Carriageway Width>(ei+ea)  Provided At curves and obstruction in lieu of centre line_Length of Segment and gap are reversed to
Provide Splayed with Hatched Line make them warning lines
5) Border or Edge Lines-
Lines 150mm thick, minimum 600mm  Continuous line, broken at ramps/merging/diverging for slip lane
apart, 4m(up to 65KMPH or over  Help to Delineate the limits up to which driver can safely venture
65kmph speed 6m spacing  Desirable Locations
With studs • Paved Shoulder
• Near Narrow bridges and around sharp curves
• Hazardous locations
• On Pavement width transitions
• Head lamp dazzle
• Prone to fog and mist
Ladder Hatching as Center Line • For Two Directional roads with less than 7 m paved width, as it would guide the driver to judge the
alignment during night/ rain/ fog/mist
Longitudinal Marking for Undivided Roads Longitudinal Marking for Undivided Roads
Longitudinal Marking for Undivided Roads
06-06-2022
Stop and Giveway Markings Stop and Giveway/ YIELD Markings

GIVE WAY LINES _
STOP LINE
Without Paved Shoulders
Single Stop Line:- At traffic
Two Broken Lines 600mm
Signal and ahead of Pedestrian
Marked,300mm gap
crossing, Solid white TM of
and200mm wide,300mm
200mm wide on urban road and
apart spaced
300mm wide on Rural roads.
Double Stop Line:- Used with
STOP sign and Supplemented
with the word message “STOP”
Stop and Giveway Markings Stop and Giveway Markings

Visibility Funnel :-
GIVE WAY/ YIELD:- Marking
(Major Road with Paved
Shoulder)
• Line of Shoulder side edge
line on main carriageway
should be continue.
• Give way lines should be in
line of end of shoulders
• Shoulders line should be
marked
06-06-2022
Stop and Giveway Markings Marking for Bus bay

Give Way/ YIELD:-
Marking for Priority in
Roundabout Approach:-
• Give Way to any traffic on
their immediate RHS
• Exit roads at roundabouts
should be indicated by
signs and directional
arrows placed both at the BUS lane:- BLUE COLOUR
edges of Central island and Pick up Bus Stop:- White line-
the directional island 100mm wide, minimum length 15 m
Maximum 45m @ 15m each one
Marking for Transition and Lane Change Marking for Transition and Lane Change
Transition and Lane Change marking Types:-

 Diagonal
 Chevron
 Continuity Marking
 Lane change& Merging/Diverging Marking
 Hatch Marking
Diagonal Marking:-
• Marked where one of the traffic flows
on either side of the marking in
opposite direction
• Either to Diverge or Converge traffic
• Road studs are along solid longitudinal
line- inside
06-06-2022
Marking Arrows and WordMessages Marking Arrows and Word Messages

Types of Arrows:-
• Directional Arrows
• Deflection Arrows
• Bifurcation Arrows
• Arrows on Side Road Approach
• Arrows on Main Road Approaches
Word Messages Word Messages- Examples
Word Messages :- Information to Guide, Warn or Regulate

Traffic
 White Colour
 Should not Exceed 3 lines of Information
 Symbol Marking width should not be more than ONE LANE
 Brevity Legends STOP, SLOW, BUS LANE, KEEP
CLEAR,SCHOOL,RIGHT TURN ONLY, EXIT ONLY, SPEED-25
 Legends RIGHT TURN ONLY, EXIT ONLY should be used to
supplement the Directional Arrows
 STOP with stop signboard and stop line
 SLOW with warning sign/approaching to Hazard or
intersection
 GIVE WAY with Give way signboard and line /Pavement
marking
 KEEP CLEAR part of the carriageway at the road intersections
should be left clear
06-06-2022
Marking for AT-Grade Intersections Marking for AT-Grade Intersections

Typical Marking at simple T and Y- Junction
It Involves:-
 Marking for Traffic Control
 Lane Demarcating Marking
 Diagonal & Chevron
Marking
 Directional Arrow Marking
 Word Messages
 Hatch Marking/Ghost
Island
 Prohibitory Marking
 Pedestrian Crossings
Marking
Marking for Bus Bay and Truck lay-by Marking for Toll Plaza
Bus Bay:- Chevron
marking, Physical • Provide with chevron Marking
Island or Ghost Island • Proper Advance signs
• Continuous edge line on the median and shoulder
• Lane designated for electronic toll collection
• Ladder Hatch markings
• Object/ hazardous marking
Truck Lay-by:-
• Physical Island aligned in such a way that a Vehicle
plying on paved shoulder not hit the separating Island
• The continuity lane shall be provided maintaining the
continuity of the shoulder side edge line
06-06-2022
Median openings Marking for Speed reduction Measures

5) Railway Level Crossing
 Not nearer than 2 km Markings:-

 No-Overtaking-longitudinal
 Nose should be highlighted  Stop line-transverse
 30-50 M length clear of Plantation  Bar Marking
 Speed Breaker
 Blinkers  Centre Line as applicable but for two
or more lane 2 Solid lines
 ‘Median gap ahead’ sign/  Continuous edge line at rail crossing
 Hazard marker sign Road Studs
Signboards:- Rail crossing , Speed
 Storage lane, right/U-turn breakers, speed limits
 Emergency median
openings on access control highway
 Avoid opening on curves
Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. ISO 9001:2008 Company
ROAD STUDS
Uses:-
ROAD STUDS
 To Supplement longitudinal/Transverse RM
 Improve visibility in night & adverse weather condition
 Speed arrestor/rumbling sensation
 Advance of junction/crossings/end of the flyover section
Type:-
1. Uni-Directional- Divided Carriageway, one way
street or slip roads
2. Bi-Directional- Undivided carriageways, two directional roads to
delineate the centre line and edge line
06-06-2022
ROAD STUDS_ Colours_Code ROAD STUDS_ Colours_Code

Where to use which Colour of Road Studs:- Where to use which Colour of Road Studs:-
Colour Uses
White To indicate traffic lane and centre of carriageway
Red • Line which should not be crossed,

• Mainly to delineate left hand edge of the running carriageway-on shoulder
side edge line
• Shall be omitted or replace with green like entry to truck/ bus bay, start
of service road etc.
Yellow • Edge Line-To indicate a line which should not be crossed-to delineate
RHS edge.
• In multi-lane divided carriageway- median side edge line
• Zebra Crossing:-Two rows of Yellow road studs at Zebra Crossing at 0.5m
spacing a crossed the carriageway
• Hazardous Situations:- on approaches of hazardous situations- Two
arrays 0.5m apart at 0.5m c/c
Green • To indicate crossable edge markings-truck bye/bus bye

• To show the boundary of Acceleration or deceleration line on LHS of the
carriageway in case of multi-lane divided carriageways
ROAD STUDS_ Spacing ROAD STUDS_ Spacing Undivided Carriageways

Divided/ Undivided/Ramps Carriageways
Road Normal Section Warning Section No Overtaking
Category Section
CL EL TLL CL EL TLL CL EL TLL
Undivided 18m 18m NA 9m 9m NA 6m 6m NA/6m
Roads (D) (O) (D) (D) (D) (D) (O)
TLL SSEL MSEL TLL SSEL MSEL TLL SSEL MSEL
Divided NR 18m 18m 9m 9m 9m 6m 6m 6m
Roads (D) (D) (O) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)
Traffic
Move
TLL EL TLL EL TLL EL
Ramps/Slip One NR/ 18m NR 9m 12m 6m
Road/One
way
Way 18m (D) (D) (O) (D)
(O)
Legend:- (A) Undivided Roads (B) Divided Roads

CL- Centre Line TLL- Traffic Lane Line
EL- Edge Line SSEL- Shoulder Side Edge Line
TLL- Traffic Lane Line MSEL- Median Side Edge Line
D- Desirable O-Optional
06-06-2022
ROAD STUDS_ Spacing Undivided Carriageways ROAD STUDS_ Lateral Placement
Lateral Placement of Road Studs-
 Broken longitudinal marking- At centre of gap, never be upon nor

side of line segment
 Paved shoulder- Out side the shoulder side edge line,
set back-50mm from the edge line
 Unpaved shoulder— can be placed on edge line
Median side edge- 1) Not be on median line marking,

2) At least 50mm set back distance from median
side edge line by ensuring a minimum 100mm
clearance distance from the vertical face of the
raised kerb.
NH-12 Chakus Junction
ROAD STUDS_ Spacing Undivided Roads ROAD STUDS_ Spacing Divided Carriageways
06-06-2022
ROAD STUDS_ Spacing At Zebra Crossing/ Speed Hump ROAD STUDS_ Spacing At Zebra Crossing/ Speed Hump
ROAD STUDS_ Spacing At Zebra Crossing/ Speed Hump ROAD STUDS_ Spacing Divided Carriageways
06-06-2022
ROAD STUDS ROAD STUDS

Chevron/Diagonal/Gorge Marking Zebra Crossing/Crossable Marking
Zebra Crossing:-
Colour- RED Two Rows 500mm apart of Yellow Colour Studs at 500mm
Spacing- C/C across the carriageway
2m/4m/6m i.e. Hazardous Situations:-
Two arrays_ Yellow Colour both way 500mm C/C
Midpoint of
Diagonal or Crossable Continuous ( at middle of Gap) line:-
Chevron marking  Bus/Truck Bye
 Acceleration/Deceleration lanes
Location-Inside
Green Colour Studs at 8m spacing
the continuous
pavement line
marking
Object Paintings
Objects May be at two locations:-

Road Sides Object Paintings 1) Objects Within carriageway:- Monuments, raised channelizing
islands, central island and central median, underpass structures such as
piers, abutments and their restricted vertical clearance.
2) Objects adjacent/ near to carriageway:-Continuous raised kerbs at
the edge of carriageway, culvert head walls, subway abutment and
piers, Electrical poles, signboards post, signal supports, trees Guard
rails and stones
Markings:-
1) Making of Objects within the Carriageway
2) Marking for Objects Adjacent to Carriageway
06-06-2022
Object Paintings Object Paintings

1) Marking of Objects within the Carriageway 2) Marking of Objects Adjacent to the Carriageway
Horizontal Obstructions:-On the face of • Objects Adjacent to Carriageway:- At
Obstructions like(Underpass pier, Abutment, Restricted least 6 alternate BLACK and WHITE strips
vertical clearance) located within the Carriageway shall be sloping down at 45° toward the traffic
marked by not less than SIX alternate BLACK and • Electric Poles :- Horizontal black & White
YELOW stripes sloping downward at an angle of 45° uniform stripes up to a height of 1.25m above
toward traffic the road level, Width ≥ 100mm wide
Diagonal strips shall be uniform and its width shall not be
• Trees:- White band Height 1.25m above road
less than 300mm.
level with 300mm black band in middle
Vertical Obstructions:- mark Vertical BLACK and
• Other Objects:- Guard rail ,guard stones or
YELLOW strips, width at least 300mm, height-900mm
drum etc. painted with white colour
minimum, For full obstruction width
• All objects within 2.4m from shoulders/kerb
Warning and Diagonal Pavement Marking prior to
shall be painted
approaching the obstruction
• Object Markers:-In addition to it , object
Kerb:- of raised channelizing island ,central island and markers shall be placed in front of the object.
central median:- BLACK and WHITE strip of 500mm Height of object marker shall be at least 1.2m
width each above road level
Height of
Object Marker:- In front of the Object Minimum of strips min
1.2m height 900mm, Width
min 300mm of
each B/Y strip
OBJECT MARKERS
Object Paintings Object Paintings

3) Marking of Objects like Kerbs, Barrier,No-Parking 4) Painting of Trees, Poles, Delineators/ Guard Stones
 KERBS:- kerbs of all islands in the line of

traffic flow shall be painted with Vertical
Black & White stripes of 500mm wide
 Concrete Barrier or kerb stones at
Bridges and Flyover shall be painted with
Vertical Black & White stripes of 500mm
wide
 Restrictions Section:- like ‘No-

Parking’ or ‘No- Stopping’ the kerb
shall be painted with YELLOW colour in
addition to road signboards.
Delineators/
Guard Stones
Road side Trees Painting

06-06-2022
Delineators Objects / Hazards Markers
Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd.
Junction Markings_Single Lane to Single Lane Junction Markings 1) Single Lane to 4/6 Lane
2) Single lane to double lane

06-06-2022
Centre line Rumble Stripes Shoulder rumble strips
 Shoulder rumble strips have been

proven to be a low cost and extremely
effective treatment in reducing run off
road crashes and their severity
Physical forgiveness Thank you
BL Rawat, CGM
Contact : CEG Ltd. Jaipur
E-mail : bl.rawat@ cegindia.com
Tel: +91-141-2751805, 9799299477
Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. Consulting Engineers Group Ltd. ISO 9001:2008 Company

Pavement Marking and Raod Studs

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Pavement Marking and Raod Studs

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06-06-2022

Training Programme for PWD Engineers, ESTI

Accident Statistics_Rajasthan Road Users Involved in Fatalities

2014 24628 27453 10289 +5.81

2015 24072 26153 10510 +2.14 1569

2016 23066 24103 10465 -0.42 1551

The problem is much bigger than we think

• Drivers Fault - 84% accidents Many injury and damage only

Sub-Topics ACCIDENT DATA _Carriageway Width (2016)

 Accident Statistics _ Location Specific

BLR1 BL Rawat, 14-05-2018

BLR1 BL Rawat, 14-05-2018

Road Safety Issues _ Minor Junctions

ISO 9001:2008 Company

A decrease in Average Speed of 1 Km/hr will typically

What is Over Speed ????

Classification of Traffic Calming Measures

Traffic Calming Measures

Classification of Traffic Calming Measures Classification of Traffic Calming Measures

 Physical Warning  Speed Table  Traffic / Road Signs

Design of Circular Humps Design of Trapezoidal Road Humps

Design of Trapezoidal Road Hump Design of Speed Table/Raised Pedestrian Crossing

ROAD SAFETY FOR PEDESTRIAN

 Road crossing for Pedestrian

Rumble Strip of Mastic Asphalt or Bituminous Concrete Transverse Marking of Thermoplastic

Narrowing the Road Speed Hump should be end to end

Road Delineators (IRC:79-2019)

Road Delineators (IRC:79-2019)

Road Delineators (IRC:79-2019) Road Delineators (IRC:79-2019)

For High Speed Roads/ Low volume/ Rural Roads

Road Delineators (IRC:79-2019) Road Delineators (IRC:79-2019)

2. Median Markers (Flexible Median Marker FMM) 3. Hazard Markers

Road Delineators (IRC:79-2019)

Pavement Markings (IRC:35-2015)

Classification of Pavement Markings ROAD Markings_ Specifications

Road Marking Materials Road Marking Materials

Pavement Marking Materials, RM_ Performance Assessment

RM_ Performance Assessment by

4. Wear Durability:<70% of marking remaining

Change in Colour of Rigid Pavement

1.Bituminous Surface:- Table A.1 to A.7

Marking of Road Links No- Overtaking Zone Marking

No- Overtaking Zone Marking No- Overtaking Zone Marking

No- Overtaking Zone Marking Marking of Road Links

Longitudinal Marking for Undivided Roads

Stop and Giveway Markings Stop and Giveway/ YIELD Markings

Stop and Giveway Markings Stop and Giveway Markings

Stop and Giveway Markings Marking for Bus bay

Transition and Lane Change marking Types:-

Marking Arrows and WordMessages Marking Arrows and Word Messages

Word Messages Word Messages- Examples

Word Messages :- Information to Guide, Warn or Regulate

Marking for AT-Grade Intersections Marking for AT-Grade Intersections

Median openings Marking for Speed reduction Measures

 Not nearer than 2 km Markings:-

ROAD STUDS_ Colours_Code ROAD STUDS_ Colours_Code

Red • Line which should not be crossed,

Green • To indicate crossable edge markings-truck bye/bus bye

ROAD STUDS_ Spacing ROAD STUDS_ Spacing Undivided Carriageways

Legend:- (A) Undivided Roads (B) Divided Roads

ROAD STUDS_ Spacing Undivided Carriageways ROAD STUDS_ Lateral Placement

Lateral Placement of Road Studs-

 Broken longitudinal marking- At centre of gap, never be upon nor