Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Freight Forwarding
Sisay Asres W/Mariam
Certified Trainer and Consultant
November, 2022
Addis Ababa
Sisay Asres- Bios
Current Position:
• Consultant in LSCM and, Astro Consulting PLC, (January 2014 – Present)
• Certified trainer of FIATA Diploma in International Freight Forwarding (January
2018 – Present)
Work Experience (20+ years):
• Over 16 years of work experience in Ethiopian Revenue and Customs Authority in
different position from officer to Managerial position. (Specialized in Customs
Matters)
• Over five years’ experience in Consulting in LSCM and customs;
• FIATA certified trainer of International Freight Forwarding for the last three
consecutive years.
Academic Background:
• Master’s Degree in Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Addis Ababa
University
• BSC Degree in Management Information System, Unity University, Addis Ababa
• Diploma in Marketing Management, Addis Ababa University, College of Commerce
•Who is a “Forwarder” ?
•“Middleman”,
•Freight Forwarders,
•Forwarding Agents,
•Freight Brokers,
•Freight Managers,
Module title and date
Introduction to International Freight
Forwarding
Freight forwarder means the person concluding a contract of
freight forwarder services with a customer; or
Freight forwarder is an agent who arranges the transportation of
goods for others;
A forwarder functions as a travel agent for cargo or a designer of
logistics.
shipper,
carrier.
Acting as an Intermediary
Acting as Principal
Different currencies;
Trade contract
Module title and date
Introduction to International Freight
Forwarding
• Main items of a trade contract
Name and address of buyer and seller;
Description of goods;
Quantity of goods;
Price;
Terms of delivery;
Terms of payment;
Applicable Law;
1. CARRIAGE
2. EXPORT/IMPORTCLEARANCE
• EX WORKS should not be used when the buyer cannot carry out the
export formalities directly or indirectly.
• “Free Alongside Ship” means that the seller delivers when the
goods are placed alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment.
• This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or
damage to the goods from that moment.
• The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
• FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP can be used only for sea or inland waterway
transport.
• “Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass
the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.
• The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to
the named port of destination.
• BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional
costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred
from the seller to the buyer.
Module title and date
Introduction to International Freight
Forwarding
• The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
• The CFR can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport.
• If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship’s rail,
the CPT term should be used.
• The buyer should note that under the CIF term the seller is required
to obtain insurance only on minimum cover.
• "Carriage paid to…" means that the seller delivers the goods to
the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay
the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named
destination.
• This means that the buyer bears all risks and any other costs
occurring after the goods have been so delivered.
• The CPT term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
• "Carriage and Insurance paid to…" means that the seller delivers the
goods to the carrier nominated by him, but the seller must in addition pay
the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named
destination.
• This means that the buyer bears all risks and any additional costs occurring
after the goods have been so delivered.
• The CIP term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
Answer: The Seller should pay all cost for loading the
cargo on vessel/airplane in port of export under FOB
terms.
BUYER or SELLER?
Module title and date
Introduction to International Freight
Forwarding
Terms of Payment
170
Introduction to International Freight
Forwarding
The seller loses control of the goods when he dispatches them and
trusts the buyer to pay.
For the buyer is it the most advantageous mode of payment,
because he has a possibility to receive and inspect the goods before
making any payments.
171
Introduction to International Freight
Forwarding
2) Payment in Advance (Clean Payment)
An arrangement whereby the Exporter is trusted to ship the goods
after receiving payment from the Importer.
The Importer sends payment directly to the Exporter and waits for
the Exporter to send the goods and documents.
174
Introduction to International Freight
Forwarding
• The mechanics of a documentary Collection are easily understood
when separated into the following three steps:
Flow of Goods and Flow of Documents
Flow of Payment
176
Introduction to International Freight
Forwarding
The seller ships the goods, obtains the documents required under the
credit.
The seller presents the documents through the banking system and is
paid.
The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) publishes
internationally agreed-upon rules, definitions and practices governing
Letters of Credit, called “Uniform Customs and Practice for
Documentary Credits” (UCP).
181
International Organizations in Forwarding and
Trade
• These are:
UNCTAD
ICC
WCO
WTO
ISO
FIATA
WB
183
International Organizations in Forwarding and
Trade
promote the integration of trade, environment and
development;
analyse issues related to competition law, policy and
development; and
seek to enhance the contribution of the commodity
sector to development through diversification and risk
management
184
International Organizations in Forwarding and
Trade
• ICC (International Chamber of Commerce)
ICC activities cover a broad spectrum, from arbitration and
dispute resolution to making the case for:
open trade and the market economy system,
business self-regulation,
fighting corruption or combating commercial crime.
186
International Organizations in Forwarding and
Trade
ICC INCOTERMS are standard international trade definitions
used every day in countless thousands of contracts.
ICC is a pioneer in business self-regulation of e-commerce.
ICC codes in advertising and marketing are frequently
reflected in national legislation and the codes of professional
associations.
187
International Organizations in Forwarding and
Trade
• WCO (World Customs Organization)
The WCO is an independent intergovernmental body
whose mission is to enhance the effectiveness and
efficiency of Customs Administrations.
It introduces the Harmonized Commodity Description for
uniform application.
It is the competent global intergovernmental organization
in Customs’ matters.
189
International Organizations in Forwarding and
Trade
• World Bank
The World Bank is a vital source of financial and technical assistance
to developing countries around the world.
It is made up of two unique development institutions
owned by 184 member countries—
the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD) and
the International Development Association (IDA).
193
International Organizations in Forwarding and
Trade
FIATA has consultative status with:
the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the
United Nations (inter alia ECE, ESCAP, ESCWA),
the United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD), and
the UN Commission on International Trade Law
(UNCITRAL).
195
International Organizations in Forwarding and
Trade
FIATA has created several documents and forms to
establish a uniform standard for use by freight forwarders
worldwide.
The documents are easily distinguishable as each has a
distinctive colour and carries the FIATA logo.
FCR (Forwarders Certificate of Receipt)
FIATA FCT (Forwarders Certificate of Transport)
FWR (FIATA Warehouse Receipt)
197
International Organizations in Forwarding and
Trade
These documents have an excellent reputation and are
recognised as documents of tradition and trust.
They have greatly contributed in the past to the facilitation of
international exchanges and will continue in the future to be
valuable instruments in the service of the world.
198
Organization of the Forwarding Company
Learning Objectives :
• The student should be able to explain the general types of
forwarders and the principal structure of a forwarding
company.
• He/she should be able to explain the main components of
a forwarding process and should understand the criterions
for choosing a mode of transport.
• Learning Objectives :
Learning Objectives :
• The student should know the different FIATA documents,
their benefits and how to use them.
• He/she should be aware of the responsibility a freight
forwarder takes over, when issuing bankable documents
like the FBL and FCR.
Learning Objective :
• The student should understand the specifics of the
consolidated deliveries, transport of heavy cargo,
dangerous goods and foodstuffs.
Learning Objective :
• Packing Methods
As movers, professional
packers need to “think inside
the box” so that all items are
carefully packed and placed in
such a way that would cover
every aspect of safety for the
items being moved.
Shipping marks
Information mark
Handling marks
Flammable
Acid
Sling here
Stacking limitation
Clamp here
Learning Objective :
sales data,
expenses and
productivity levels.