Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1009-Article Text-1999-1-10-20130125
1009-Article Text-1999-1-10-20130125
[FDc@\HXFBD]FDd
KeXCe_DfgFCH?Fh
ijklmnopqrpnstqnuvwwnvtniwrxyz{r|ms}~vnpsqvmvkt
>gHgDEhh
9767!"4##$#%&74'()#4*77%74+&,-!4(%7./40/$417$74'!2/3/$44577%7640#1#4
+$!%&!4'()#4674'7%7$74'!17&!41!)774!!$7.!4&!1!%.!!&7$44,4!!$7.&!46!'/17/%4674
0,1$,8,%4%74&7%/4(%7./4+&,8,%,4.769,41!)774!1%!!$4674!!%!4/*//4/"/7$741!37
!%4*($#".77$4+$!1!4+1.!!&7$44577%77/47.74!1%!!$40!)7%4:0,1$,;4+!$!4
!&!%&7$77$7%640!)7%4:6!'/17%<.7;40!)7%4&74:.7%!70;4+!$!4!&!%&7$7.!!&7$44,4
1#)&7%64*77%74/-/%&740,1$,646!'/174674.7%!704!6$!.!$74&!40/$0/$/%74*/$./"4&,$,.
&!&7$44,4&,$,.40/)974#)7$/%&74&,$,.!'74*7$77%40/$4+%,&,$44,4&,$,.40!'/40/$4
0#$-77"/$.74+!174.7&7$641+'!4*77%774!)4'!17&!/46!$4+!%40,41!)774!1%!!$7%4
*77%78/%47.74(8$7/7$/4+!$!4!0,47&//347'7$7$/%4,'!!"7$7.!'7%&!%4.74!1%!
!%.!!&7$=4,4-!7".!&!4*77%774.769,4+!%47.741!)774!1%!!$&!%42!$7774
!$/24'#$7-4&74*()4(%#%&740,,%&,$,!$!40/$4&787$7%&/$.741!37!9!7$44
>?@AB@CDEFGHIFGFCJ4!'/1764!'/17%!.764,1$,64976647!"
>KLM>N
O$!4$!&//+%4!7'4!%4/.3+$!%43!974/%49!P/7!'2/4$!&//+%449!P/7!'2/4$!&/
/+%4.+'14'!%&'4014+$!4$!&//+%44Q$/7%4'+,$97'4!$7467$14$!$74/%42/'4$!&//+%44%4274
P$/7%4'+,$97'4P/4R:6!'/17;S4!%&4+$&7$4R:0,1$,;S42!674!%4/.3+$!%43!9744027'74.!/%4
'+,$97'4/%4274$!&//+%4!$74'+.7/.7'49!7&4!'4:+$&7$;64:P$/7%4P/;4RT6!'/17%<.7US64+$4
:7*7%&';4RT.7%!70US448+P767$64'+.7/.7'427'749+%973'4!$74%+4079+./%*497!$444/'4
%797''!$14+4',&14+%42/'43$+07.44'42/'4!4!%*,!*743$+07.4+$4/'42/'4!0+,4'!%9/V
1/%*427'74P$/7%4'+,$97'=402/'4',&14'2!47W!./%742/'43$+07.4014'7!$92/%*4P$/7%4
'+,$97'4+V4274$!&//+%4!%&4%+/9/%*42742/'+$/9!43$+97''4+V4274$!&//+%4
EFXDYZC[\J44Q/64Q$/7%4P/64O$&7$649!P/7!'2/4$!&//+%44
4 ,41!)7645!)/41%/67$'/7'/40#$43##$#46748!9747!"47/49$!"7$.!47$7)/U%/%4&#)7%7&/8/4:44
,'!$!$!'740#$43##$4
6$7%/%&74976/46747!"/4/*/4(7%/;%&740/&/$/4+!$!4',%,
.,",$4
4!$&44+-44$464!%!!74O%'7/)4!$41%/67$'/7'/64
8//.4!#7'/640#$-74
8//./4(#.#4
0 1 2 3 43 1 5 0 1 2 1 46 7 48 9
4
3 0 9 4
5 44
0 1 21 34 56 57 8
!"#$%#%&#'%()*)+&,%-.%&/%0$1&.+"#1&/&23)+$"4%#%&453#5'%6
7'%()*)+#%&/&813+.%&"#-9-$&"-&1"$1/:/:&$%&5"#$)#-&)&$%&18'%$);-$&<'1=&9)".-$)&),/1')6&
>)".-$)#-&),/1')&)&9'1/-(-$)#-&'%,81/1')&"&%$8%0)'%$)&3)*%&914%,/%#&/%0$1"##%&$%&
,%/-?%$)+#%&)&$%&91/-3-$)+#%6
@&#'%()*)+#%&1"$1/$)#-&),/1')&"-&$:');:#&A,%/-?%$)-AB&A9)".-$1&,%/-?%$)-A&)3)&
AC-$%4D<A6&>1':()&#:,)&9');)$:&/&#'%()*)1$$:#:&453#5':&,%/-?%$)+#%&)&91/-3-$)+#%&"-&
9'-93)#:#6
E91'-(&$%"&$%/%&91310-$)-&#'+</%&(%&"-&1<D'$-&"9-*):3$1&/$).%$)-6&F:&"-&1#81/1')&
$:&/D9'1":&(%3)/%&-&-($%&1<)4$1/-$%'*),)':$&"35;4%&)3)&9D4&9'1),#);:&1#&
.%31<'1=$)#-&#'%()*)1$$)&),/1')B41)#1&"%&1"$1/$%&;%"#&/&5;-$)-#16
@&7%,)&"#%#)+&?-&"-&$%<3-8$-&$%&9)".-$)#-&),/1')&/&#'%()*)+#%&)&$%&)"#1');-"4)#-&
9-')1()6
GHIJKLMNOPQMRNS%/-?%$)-B&>)".-$1&S%/-?%$)-B&>1/-3-$)-B&23)+$)$B&T-4#%U)6
VWXWY
0Z
[
\]^_[3\`Z]`a`bc
3defZ̀3g
Z
b
\3hZci\j^3eb
kZl3mla3n
a
3d^olp]laq3r
Z
b
\3m`n`\3ha^bc^3defZ̀3
3dsbsaZs3d^nsc^3n^fsZs3^\]^ask^3c^n^bk^\]^csaq3i3^\]^
askc^3^dln
]lb3
3minaitib3b
3c
bZl3eb
kZl3hZcitibi3k
ui]3n^fsZs3\^nb^\Z^a3
3^Z^bZ^3lZglZl3\l_lZ
aZ
3n^psZ^b3gea`_k
Z
a3ha]^n^3\hnk^\]^csaq3r
Z
b
\3ljlbc
3
minai\v3^dln
]3
3k
b^\sm3\^a^kZ^as3c^3mlamlalb
3glakl_3ciaikc^csaq3r
Z
b
\
]
\l3]
k
Z3\^nb^\Z^a3m^f
b3wminai\x3hZ^a^\3^cZ^bcsasZsa\
bv3m^f
b3w^dln
]byk
x3
m^f
b3c
3wk
b^\smx3hZ^a^\3^cZ^bcsasZk^\]^csaq3z
d
Zyv3`u^^cclb3
Zl3{u^ts3
|
c
dl37
f^]3|
kla]^_}Z^3n^psZ^b3k`Zy\^]]^v3~
¡¢
£¤¥¦
¡¤
¥¥
§
¨©|htai
av3ª«3¬®3c
k
\]
claq3ia^c^3^cs3g
j
b3
d
aZ
alb3olj3
mlalblb3hal̄lb^Z3^csbc^3minai\3l°^c
dl3nh\]iaq3d
aZ
alb3]^alo[3d`a
j3ljlbc
3minai\3
^csbs3^Zcstsv3g`b`k`fc
3ld
3mi3
d
aZ
alb3°^a\Zs3ldlkZ
a3]^a^°sbc^b3]
\a^a3wc`f
b
Z
b
a
\x3n^nsbZ^bcsts3gea`Zk
\]
claq3|^o^3ebu
3^csv3w^dln
]b^k
x3
n^3wk
b^
\smx3hZ^a^\3g
j
b3mi3
d
aZ
av3g`b`k`fc
3c^o^3jh\3minai\3hZ^a^\3^cZ^bcsasZk^\
]^3
3mlZlbk
\]
claq3
iv3̀f
albc
3ciaiZk^ds3g
a
\
b3mla3\hbiciaq3i3ciaik3m^dl]3mla39`a\j
Z
_]lak
3
hZ^ns3kscsa3
n^3g
Z
b
\]
3^f3d^nsc^\l3hZ^b3mi3n^fsZs3\^nb^\Z^asb3g
Z
b
tlb3]
k
Z3
eta
]lZ
al3hZ^a^\3\^miZ3
clZlp3
d
aZ
alb3\i]d^ZZ^_]sasZk^dsbc^b3ks3\^nb^\Z^bk^\
]^csa±3
0bdl\Zhp
cl\30Z
[Zl\3
\]^_[Zl\39
alkZ
al3²efZ̀t`}bc
3w^dln
]x3defu`t`b`b3
l\lbul3^bZ^ks3w³
´x3hZ^a^\3
alZkl_]la3
9
4 34
6 9
3
3 0 53 4 9 0 3 6 33
0 12 3456 2 7 80 945
2 12 2
2 530
2 8556 7 5 2
2
!7"#$%&'(5)**+5,-)./560#&1&(52&345674856&89%954:52;05#0$70856&89%95;4#;4#485
5&$:&<%&$6&19#/50$[&5'4$#664=4%4'53>'5$"803053#:#485?3:0;05@"=08:0$:&5
2A4#75":&#&$5$&;0:514:85$4<4:#485;05#0$55;050#%&:ϕ&85":0<%0<60#/5605
;&$9%1&85B:8$65&58953#(5C%5&34568D%5C%515;05#0$5":&#&$5&1:&819
#9:&;4:45"#/5E3:D(595C5&FG53&34568D%345F&#$:95;&3$9:&595C5&FG5605#0=05
":&#&$5B@45"#5!&%&8(5)**./564#5;&<$&5C0303(5;053#:#1$45?3:HA(5148G5
6&3&0FG5&34568D%558&34C&68D%:#15$0::&89:&85?3:HA:&5&5885;8'#:4$5
B>36#%3414#/5
0834$:"A14$50:G:4$56$6&<G:4$58#4%:#45>':?=?7815IJKLMNOPQRQSKRTUQUQVOWXOYRZ[
\R]^RO_`TLQKLTPQVO_`TLQKLT^LOPaKLQLbLYOcdKXQVOc`Q_L]PQORSUYKRQ^UeUOLTYfQQR]LKLTPQOLQOL\YP\PO
gRhLTOi\OjR^UYO_RTRhUQ^RQOcRaUK^UeUOYRWXKOL^PKLQOkXcTXYl_XTm5!7"#$%&'(5)**+5n.518
%$614#/503:981&50:G56$6&<G5B:8=4815;4#6$5;05#0$6&851=4:(5;05#0$:&#
1&85;&C36%$5B#$o$64#/5
0:G:#5&#&3981&585@"$5"$08&85$46&A:ϙ&<981&5B:85;05#0$;05#0$:
I70#7&8795&@9$:&5&85$46&Am5!6"'$0#6(5+5).5":&#&$56&89%:&89#/58?#$54:570#0%078o&5
C&'9#:&8&858?#$@5>':?$76(5;05#0$5I6:4#:45;4#51&#&89<6&5;0:08%&5&5'"#:&59o95
3>'(5%4#(5F#%&8m5":&#&$5B@%$614#/5
:8$653>':?$5&8:&%9898519<981&5$0:
:&89:&852605#0$7085I0:G:#o5?36?856060:%&39(5"80850:G548&8@(56>#553>5:8
o:#48454@#%348185$&58&$:&8%&$6&19#m5!6"'$0#6(5+5)./50:G556$6&<G5
B:8=48156$5;4#5I;05#0$m6&8;05#0$:&85;&C314:;4:4#51%4<64$/50$[&5
3>'?5B@853#:#485C%55&'%&(5C%515;&3$958?3C&:_%o0660#/5"8559::&#
1&5F&#$:955&598:#456&#&F981&855&598:&8&85;05#0$:ϙ4#5$93%95;4:4%3:5;4#5
5>86%:55;4#55&'%&53#5;&=:95$&:&#&$5C&'9#:&89#$8(5;&'9:ϕ&5C&'9#:&5&8985
55&598o989855&A69=95$:%:#514$$&645@$%$614#/5
60#&1&5B8:5":&#&$58?#$5$?:6?#551;45&6981&(5>':5":&#&$51&50:G556$6&<G5
B:8=4815&3456(5;05#0$55%8&$9;5$&#&%:𘊩&:B9:&89<95?'#481510#
%&$5B#$%$614#/55
I3&3456m(50#&A@&71&8514:4%4'5B@%4<5":0A5C&:$5&#&3981&55&5B985;&3465%&8&395
:&p5I;4#5$4%384853&=$85$&#&#:&<69#19=955>:1?$6853"8#&55&A9:%&3989543614=45
<5m5&8:&%981&19#/5>'o?=?850#&A@&5$>$?53&5714#/5605$>$p5I"#0%:0:0=08&(5
B>'64%485;9#&$%&$m5&8:&%955&8981&p5I6&34556%$(53&:9$5#%$m5&8:&%:⚧
1&56&<9#/5>'o?=5%?<6&$95":&85I&3455m54F&134(5I&3456m55&8981&5I6&:4%&6(5
14#$64F(5%4#m5&8:&%:λ?$:8%4<64#5$453>'o?=?858?#$@7556&<98&85&8:&%95
6&3&0F5$?:6?#?5@#@34815I6&34556%$m55I3&:9$5#%$m5&=9#:9$:954$8(5
%18G5C0$0$55
3:D%5C0$0$05@#@34815I6&:4%&6m55I14#$64Fm51&C&55&$98
19#5!79:98@(5n+5))./5
8 7 57 1 8 5 5 0 56 2 7 8 0 9 53 2 1 455
0 1 21 34 56 57 8
9
4 34
6 9
3
3 0 53 4 9 0 3 6 33
0 12 3456 2 7 80 945
2 12 2
2 530
2 8556 7 5 2
2
"#"5$%&'%&(#'%&5)%*)%)5()&'+%(5,&--#".&-)5)%-5'&/#%#50)-&%&(#"15$%&'%&(.&"5"5
(-"52)(5&0#(50$"(&'&5&)+5$%.343"3152352&-#5.&"5+&(),+52)"5'#%.&"56&/%&52)(5
/&5&"57"858('&"5+5)95$%&'%&(&5'&-%&9#(-"15$5$%&'%&(&5-&(#9&"5)"0&"%&(#"5
+&#(%&(#"#15*%"-55*7("-%()")5*7/57":".523%3".3(5&-0#/#"150#(65%.-)5
-3(350)-&%&(&5)0+)"&+5.(-5;7/:5%5'5'&5&;#-%&5&'&5;&%#95&"#"15)"0&"#5
-:;:50"5'8-5'&"%#9%&(&5.:9:(:<52)(+&-#556&'.&0#/5<$%5)-%(50-5.
2)%84)")507'%(5=>#4%&%#15?@@A5BCD5
7/%:5*%"-+52)(+&-#55()+:%%()"5&0)'+%(%59-)%%".)4)52)%)"5-+.)(D5
E0%F157%:550$"(&0#5<(&+)-%(.57%"5-)9)")"5&0)'+)5'()"5*+)()%)(D53&0)'+5
*(4)5'&"#".&5*75:%50)")5)0+.)4)59'&%&(57%:":"5'&"#"&5-$"3(5=2-/D52(15?@@A5
?53(.315GA5CD5
%"-+-)5'&/#%#50(%(52&-+#4#5#/.&5)0159',5&6H53&0)'+"&50)15&8#5
6-+&953%)53&0)'+"&50)5*)2)5+5%50(%(5,&%-5&(&0#".&5"5;$-5(&42+5*7("5
0(%(5&(&0#".&.#(D58&55.&50$(3"523(&.&5$(+&'&5;#-5&-+&150%H556-+&9H5*%
"4)".50#"#(%#50&'#.&-)5'&/#%#50(%(15I&0)'+J15I23'(3-J55I5"&-#2J5$%&(&-5
6&(-%#5&.%&(%&5&"#%5&-+&15/&5&"5/&5&"52)(%)-+15/&5&"5/&5&"5.&52)(2)()")"5'()"5
*;2)%8-59-)%.5-3%%&"#%5&0#507/5-$"3035$%5&-+&.#(D5635.3(3515&%&"%&5)%*)%)5
;&%#95&5'&<&"%&(#"50(%()".5.5*7(:%5-+.)(D56)%)".)4)5:/(150%H55
6-+&9H5*%"4)")"5+5%5'&/#%#5-&'"&-%&(#".&"52)()5$%&(&-5-&23%5.)%"59',5
&6HK")"50()5&0)'+"&51523'(3-555"&-#25$%&(&-5:;56&(-%#5&.%&5&"#%5&-+&.#(D5
E0%F1530365)'&57(:-&"K#"150"&.$%3K.&50%H%(558&,+&8#%&(5&.%#50()".5
9',5&6HK")"50()5);)"5,5523'(3-15,55.55"&-#25."5-+.)(5=7(:-&"15
?@@A5B15B@15!15!@CD5
%"4)"5'&-#".&"5+&"#.#4#5F6HK")"52350()")"5,)8(H5
?B5'#%#".&5-&%55&%#"&"5%5'&/5&0#5":0,&"#"5$()L)"&%5&.#5)059',5F6H5
3&0)'+"&50)K.)(D5
%"-55&(&9+#(5&8#%&(5&'"#50()5,55&0)'+"&515,55
23'(3-15,55.55"&-#25$%&(&-5&.%&".#(#'$(%&(D50%H%(5&(&0#".&5)05I6:':-5
63'(3-J5$%&(&-52)%)"5-+.)(D5
3(353"5&;#-%#4&5-&39&2)%50)5);)"5*%"4)"5+5%5'&/#%#5-&'"&-%&(#5$%&(&-5
-&23%5.)%"50(%(5,&--#".&5-#0&52)%*)%(5(5-5*(-8-+)(D5
5&55&6()5&.#-563'(343150%H%(85"5;$-5-&23%5*7("50(%(5&(&0#".&.#(D5
6350(15,5523'(3-15,55.55"&-#25$%&(&-5&"#%5&-+&.#(D50%&"%&5)%*)%)57"5%)5
'&'#"%&(5'&<&"5>3&+56$/-3(+15,&/#(%&.#4#523'(343"52&9#".&150%H%(5&(&0#".&5
5&55&6(K)"5'&/.#4#"&5)"&"#%&"5I63'(3-J3"1502.3%2&-)5
7%<#"&(%#K"#"5*7(:9%
()"5.&'&"&(&-5*(;-5&.#"#"5E"&-#2#520(&(56,;+K:%50,(&(5$%.343"355
'&/&(#"#"56)0&+H5&.#".&52)()5$%.343"3507'%(5=6$/-3(+15A5BMCD5
?@K.5I63'(3-J35'&'#"%&'&"56(50'+-)"15I63'(3-J&5'&/.#4#57"07/.150()"5
5&55&6(563'(34315E"&-#2#52%)'&15E"&-#2"&515>:+:+"&55*)2)5;9)+
%)5&.%&(%&5&"#%.#4#"#507'%5-+.)(5=0'+-)"15?@A5B5CD5
8 7 57 1 8 5 5 0 56 2 7 8 0 9 53 2 1 455 !
0 1 21 34 56 57 8
9
4 34
6 9
3
3 0 53 4 9 0 3 6 33
0 12 3456 2 7 80 945
2 12 2
2 530
2 8556 7 5 2
2
"#$%&'($)&'*'$+,+#-#.($/,+,*$'0'*)$12.234)5$6&'*'$7)8'*)$0#&4#$9)$0)3#:;$2<2&27$.#3#314#5$
=-#.$>#8;*;$7#&#$'&)$0#&4#5$6:*'*?)$)/@#7$?'.4)5$68'.$2A)3'*)$B1,34#5$"#&;*-#.$+#14#5$
"#&;*$#+#.$'8)4)5$CB:#*($/#3;4/#.$.#>,:,*,$+#.4#5$D,**$-24&)/'$+B./,&&,.$E)1'3'3($
/2<&F$G)11'35$
"#$%&'($#1#+#$#*#+#$G/'$B&4#*5$H5I0JKLKMN5O!!PQ5OORS5
0LT556UJKVTLW5KWKXYZ[KU\5J]L5UKMZKULKW[KZ5^\W\X\59M_5KT̀aM5KJ`[\LZ5
9M_5bT̀53KX\MJZb]X\a[\WS59M_5K`\MMc[a[[TZ5L2W[^\LT5dLKWKU5[K5^\L\Z\WS5
9M_5bT̀aZ\Z5K[Y5^KeY5UKMZKULKWK5fgW59M_5K`\Mc[[TZN5^KeY5UKMZKULKWK5fgW5\X5
9M_5K`\Mc[[TZ52W[^\LTa[\WS5h\Lb[T5O5MYLYZ[K5KeKW5Z\e\aZ\Z5fcZM5^KJY5
XK_\L\Z[52W[^\L5[cZMKMK5fL\W55dWK[K5MKVKWS5b_\[5
TLKZTa[Z55eK]KZYZ5\LW\5
fLZLW\Z[Z5̀Me5KLYWS5K_K5XdZWK5
TLKZTaM5\ZJ\XKi5[WS5jOk5XZX\Z
[5K̀J5J]\VJ\WS5
K`TM58KWTUKJYaZYZ5J]X\Ll\X\[\WS5K`\MM5cm5UdLK5KMWYL]YVJYWn5^\W\Zl\X\5
6KMWK]\MMN5\U\Zl\X\52^_W\MMN5cmcZlcXc5[5KM[W\MM[\WS5K`\Mc[[\Z5^oZLKW
[KZ52^_W\MM5UdLoZK5]ZXoiJoW5I2WKM[YZN5O!!jQ5ORS5
9M_5K`\Mc[[TZ52W[^\LTN5\XZKJ5dLoZKZ5M_5bT̀53KX\MJZb]X\5K[LY5ZcX_K5VK_XT5
^\W5UcJci_KZ[5dLoi5_KUUYZ[K5^\W5McUXU5L\XKZX5Je\5MKiYL]YVJYW5I9K_\ZN5Q5
ORS56o5Je[5W\LZ5^\Lf\M5fgWN5Xge5UdZoXo5KX\MJZK]N5_\lWT5Ok5MYLYZ[K5
UKL]5KLYZ]YV5dLoi5OP!5KWKUJKZ5]M[KZK5fL]UJ[\WS5
XJ\ZXK_5[Z\Z5U\]5
dL[opo5^LL\5[p\L[\WS5
9M_5bT̀53KX\MJZb]X\aZ[N50LTN56UJKVT5JKW\UKJLKWYZYZ5XKXLKWYN5WUKZLKWY55
]ZXoiLKWY5_KUUYZ[K5fZL5^\Lf\LW5W]UJ[\WS56o5MgZcML5̀KWULY5^\W5KX\MJZK
]5geLL\p\Z5XK_\iJ\WS52XWN5\J\UKJN5\^K[JN5K_LbUN5]e_iLWN5mV\JL\5[\ZT5oZXoWLKW5
^S5\mW]UJ[\WS5
3KX\MJZK][5qXr`\s55qJbL\is5_KUUYZ[K5VgML5[Z\L]UJ[\WQ5
t%44#$>#?)$/u<F$?'4)E'*$+'?'$9)$>'3$+'3?)$'.'$4#*#/;$9#3?,35$D'3'*-'$4#/'9#($%&&#@v1#*$>)3'$
42-)33)?$B&4#.?#*$'>#3)??235$w.'*-'$%&&#@v?#*$E#+3'/'*?)*$,A#.$B&4#.?#*$'>#3)??235$
x02*-'$)*>'+#?#*$9)$)9&'+#?#*$9)$G&'4?)*$E#+3'$.'4/)&)3?)*$>'3'$B&4#.?#*$'>#3)1?235$
yz3?2*-'($AG@'3'*$9)$>G1;*;*$4).3'*?)*$.,31,&4#.1#*$'>#3)1?235$D'8'*-'($?2*+#*;*$9)$#@'3){
1'*$4'@*)1|'$4)8#..)1&)3'*?)*$.,31,&4#.?#*$'>#3)1?235$%&1;*-;($-)@)**)4$#A#>;*?#*$<#3'.$
B&4#.?#*$'>#3)1?235$"'?'*-'($-)/)1|'$8)+1#*;*$4).3'*?)*$9)$3u@|;$@#**#/;*$8)33'*?)*$)4'*$
B&4#.?#*$'>#3)1?23H5I9K_\ZN5Q5kRS5
tw4?'$1G&'>$E)3).?23$.'4($92-,?;*;$>'v&|.,>>)$1B73#.$)+&)+)$9)$.)*?2+)$E)&)*'$?#@;$)99)&.'$
'/4'*?)*$?#@;$.B3.,>($1B73#.$'?'$?'?23)5$}#3'<)1$1B@,4,*?#*$E)1232>($zA$1#3&#/;*#$).)5$
%*?#*$4)/.)*)1$/,+;+&#$/,9#3#5$~;A#$B3#E;+&#$>'0)$E)1232>$/#>;3$@#34#*;*#$?z.2>($<#3.$
?z:)*'+&)$+,48#?,>($8)9.$+'&'$'&)$/#9,3#5$y#@;$@#&$?):'34)*'*)$'&)12>$,*$'?)5$)$B*?#*$/B*3#$
8 7 57 1 8 5 5 0 56 2 7 8 0 9 53 2 1 455 !
0 1 21 34 56 57 8
!""#$%&'()*+,+$(#&$+"%*")&-&+./"+0,+0120+(3!+%"30)+!+.4506*
7&&0(0,+36".8+$(#6"1000+'+(0+!2)+.9-"#+!&*"-":"1"*!2*%;*0
+#"*#+!&*<=+!!2*&,60)+,+>+$"%%")6'+!2*&>"?*)+0(02-*(,(@3ABCDEF3G3
HI3
0J
K3L
J
E
MDEN
3OBPQB3RST
O
U3ODU3
V
U3N
3BWX3
QTBP3
JD3BVDY
TEZR
VD[NDUI3
0YYXJNX\3YBYXEJBUX3BUBVXENB3]XQBE3
V
UDE3NDM
U3ODU3BNX34DTBO^J_
BDN[NDUI30VJX3
`BUV]B3aJBE3OS3
V
U39^UQ]
Y
3]
UDJRDPTDUI39^UQ3Vb_KJ
UDEDE3cEN
3L
J
E3DVDRJ
UDE
N
E3aJBE3BWX3
QTBP3
JD[Y
3BT_
NDJ
E3OS3
V
U3VaE3YXJJBUNB3Y
ED3YB\X3DJ
3N
3YBYXR
JBERXPTXUI3A2I3dI3TBUDCVD\G3H3BWX3
QTBP3
JK3BVDY
TEBR
VD3e`BDN
f3BJT3OBPJXQJX3
g3BN
T3OcJ^RN
E3aJSPRBQTBNXUI3BVDY
TEBR
[N
3OS3OcJ^RJ
Uh3eT
CDT3CZJDfF3
eTBVBS_3CZJDfF3eQ
UBR
T3CZJDfF3e
N
O3CZJDfF3eT
UODY
3CZJDfF3e\DQU3DJ
3_DQU3CZJDfF3
eUDYZ\
T3CZJDfF3eV
RB3CZJDfF3eY
[V3CZJDfF3eT
QQ^J3CZJDfF3eTBCBU
T3CZJDfF3eTBVBSU3
CZJDfF3eUX\B3
3T
VJDR3CZJDfF3eCZJ
TD3QSUOfF3eCZJ
TD3DUPBNfF3eO^Y^QJ^QfF3eRBQBRJBUXE3
BCV
EDf3LDOD3BNJBUJB3ODUODUDEN
E3BYUXJRXPTXUI3i
E
J3aJBUBQ3e0CR
T3j
V
K3OSYSUNS3
QDF3^EQZU3BWX3
QTBP3
JD3OSYSUNS3QDf3LDOD3CDTBkJBUJB3OBPJBYBE3BVDY
TEBR
N
3
eUDYZ\
T3CZJDf3OBPJXMX3BJTXENB3eN
UDPf
3PcYJ
3V
VJ
EDJR
QT
NDUG3
l9),"?3>,"?3*!$(!+1(0(5)*"-)!m"#++%"!+3(1"00:0,"!!?"$&1&#"%>7+$
1"00%++%(0,+)+!1(0.n*;!12**"%*"+%"30+*"?*"10./")"#"o5)*")"!1"020&!2*+)p
m+$+'(#?"1%7+,""%#32*+1(0.q+0$"r11+0+0s2*#&32*1&0.n*+!11+0+'2*&!-"%p
#32*#+1(0.@3A2IdI3TBUDCVD\G3HI3
BVDY
TEBR
N
QD3OcJ^RJ
UDE3]aMS3BWX3
QTBPK3
JK[EDE3Q
ENDVDE
3VaUSJBE3VaUS
JBUXE3W
BkJBUXENBE3aJSPRBQTBNXUI3S3]
U]
N
3ODU3cUE
Q3
U
W
Q3aJSUVBQF3BWX3
QTBPX3
JKF3eV
RBf3DJ
3DJLDJD3ODU3VaUSYB3PcYJ
3W
Bk3
URDPTDUG3
tuvwx@>$+!!+%"$*0"#61%"+,(>*# "$*0"#6+$%(.y(1!?"76m&"$*0"$++#,(.@3
A2IdI3TBUDCVD\G3gHI3
zDM
U3YBENBEF3OB\X3OcJ^RJ
UN
3\I3{
YLBRO
U3
3\I30JD[EDE3Vc\J
UDE
3OB\X3
OcJ^RJ
UN
3N
3aWB30CR
N3j
V
KF34BYLSVS\30ONBJ3LDOD3TBUDQBT3O^Y^QJ
UDEDE3
QaES3DJ
3DJLDJD3D_BN
J
UDE
3Y
U3
UDJRDPTDUI3e9
CDT3CZJDfEN
3aWB30CR
N3j
V
K[EDE3
ODU3\BTB3eT
CDNf
3DJDPQDE3D\BCX3PcYJ
NDUG3
ln,"?3>=+'"%=2m+q"1"?|}~..00$&'&&0+-"*,.9)61%+,>+0+%"?$,")+0"%
,",.=+'"%=2m+!"**"3"!"-"%,>,"?3"&0",,)"12,&.8"?3>3"!",,",.
=+'"%=2m+>,"?3"3"!"-5%6>!(3"!*<$+'((,"o310?"r+:+*+(0,+03"!**"$;1(*
2*1&0.20+-"%,)""#&)&,&.8"?33"!"!((r-"%,.+*2*+0*!3"!*<?+$,0,"0
#&$%"*73"!**","r+:+*+$;1(*2*#&3%&.=+'"%=2m+>""&0*+(12,&.n&0"
3"!*,>20"3"!*,>,",.
8"?3m"?+"0>&l+%%(.,"?",.
%"!+,+#,(,",.20+=2m+35)*"&)&,&.#,
&0*+(0$"r10!(&r,5?6r%2'$;*0,"*"3%.8"?3$"r10!(,(?"!+r%+*"3%,.
9
4 34
6 9
3
3 0 53 4 9 0 3 6 33
0 12 3456 2 7 80 945
2 12 2
2 530
2 8556 7 5 2
2
#$%&'()$*&+,-)($*./&$0.,123$4(51($62$7-1(,3$8-,%(9:$9-'-,$1-1(3$;<=>-/-:$)-%?(1($)&5&5-7$
&7>&)&7$*&+,-)($*./&$62=2,12@$;-=):$
;(+$.>12A252+$B(6(=(+$%-$<=>-$1-$.>&/&AC+3$
D'($E>-51-$62BF7$1-$=&,C7$1&$-=$1.0)3$G5H
IJI5KLMNOPNQR5!SI5
TULMVWL5XYWTZT5[N\N5PMW5L]YLKVYL]5OTPTPYLMYL5NY[NYN5^M5^M5_VPML5̀\^NK55UVKL5
]N]W]5aNNM5bLMcLYLMV5\TYT]_LUKLWVMI50^MVdL5dNQ5PeQYM5^M5MNY_NaKNMI5
3LPN^K]L_5LdV56UKLa53Yfg]N]5aT5LPN^KN5NY5PX]5\TY_LUKLWVMR5
hiC'C?$%-$?&1(0$<A,-7(7(+3$jE?(>$52)&0&%%Ck>&,1&7$)-%&''($-1(7(+3$8&(5&$7&5&+C$/-5&&)>-$-1&$
-1(7(+3$42$9&,)$(>-$'(:$(5&5$%-$5F-++(7$.>5&=C7C+3$*(l6(,$%&'()$)E>(6m($9<?,-)$.>5&=C7C+3$
4<?,-))-$Ek-)$%&,1C,3$n&70Co$(>-$52'&==-)$.>5&=C7C+3$8&(5&$(05($6->>(0(+$.>272+3$p-$'26&>>&,q
1&$'-71($(05(7($=&+5&3$p-$52?&'-5-m($'&+&1&$?&5($.>5&$%-$?F'5F$9-,r-$5F7'(,$.>5&=C7C+3$
j-7E6mC$*&'$?-,$'.>&=>CAC$'&+&$62=2,2,$%-$5(0&k(,($1-$7-,-1-$.>0&$,C+C'>&71C,C,3$G5H
IJI5KLMNO
PNQR5stSI5
uvwxy
KNd5NKN\LMN^Y5̀0Yf56UKLaf5[Y]ZN]W5LPN^KN]5e]_YN5\NM5^MN5XYWTZT5
XMKLWLWVMI53LPN^K]L_5XYLMLU5^LQVYL]5PMYM5QL_L]YL50YfYM5LMLPV]WL5z\T^MTU{5
XYLMLU5L]VY_LUKL55LY[VYL]_LUKLWVMI50^]V5WTMT_5|_]LUV\gYLM5NcN]5W5[cMYNWNMI5
6T5PMYM5̀KLMNULK5\}^}UYMN]5LK~WNY_Na55X]YLMV]5[eM}a55W}a}]dYMN]5^M5
MNY_Na5XYPL5WL5\NQLKNON5X]YLM5KLML~V]WL]5^LQVYWVZV5UPN]5WZNYWNMI5
Y]ZN5N^N5
\NY]5̀U}YK}MY}55KLMNULKL55|bfMg5\LZYV5\NMNPN5KLML~V]WL]5^LQVY_Va5XY_LPV5WLOL5
cXU5_TOK_YWNMI5
eQ5UX]TPT5PMYM5̀0Yf556UKLaf5KXbYTYTUYLMV]WL5]5cXU5NKN\LM5[eM]5PMY
MNWNMI52PMYM5̀8}MU5U}YK}M55W\N^LKV5KLMNON5LcVPV]WL]5WL5\}^}U5\NM5e]_5
PLONbKNMI52PMYMN]5^]N5^L^V]YLMV5^LbVY_LUKLWVM5L]dLU5LPYV]L5]5ULWLM5PLWVU5
ULYV]WVZV5a}bOYNWNMI52PMYMY5NY[NYN5\LQV5cLYVa_LYLMWL5\NYN_PY5WNPNbYN]5[eQKNY
_Na5XYPL5WL5cXZT]YTUYL5N]KM]K5XMKL_V]WL55\LPV]WL5eQ]PNQ5\NM5^L^V]5~TM^LPV5
WNUULKN5cU_UKWNMI5
2PMYM5̀8}MU5U}YK}M55W\N^LK5KLMNOf5LcVPV]WL]5e]_YN5XYWTZT5ULWLM5̀_QObYM5
KLMNON5LcVPV]WL]5WL5\}^}U5e]_5OLNQWNMI56T5^}QW]50Yf56UKLaf5KXbYT_YLMV5
LMLPV]WL5NKN\LM5[eM]5\T5PMYM5̀]5PUN55XMNN]LY5]}POLYLMV]WL]5\LaYL^LMLU5
\NYN_PY5\NM5WNPNbYN]Y55KLMNOf5P}Mc5[eQKNYMU5LMLaKVMVYVb5N]dY]_YNWNMI52PM
YMY5NY[NYN5^L^V]5^LbVYVMU]5̀KLMNOf5P}McK5[Y]UKUN5[cNMWNZN5MYMY5\NMYNUK5
XMNN]LY5]}POLYLM5UPN]YNUY5WNUULK5LYV]_LYVWVMI5
!"
09060#3$%&'()*+,-.30)(+30+(/3$01-/322%23%3
4(35%)6&3,74,8,/3%93#%769+%46/32:'%9
;,+/3
0#9427.35
3
4/3$0-/3,74,&/309&%4%3$2<2(43#%<2%:6-/30+69'6+%7%93=,%'3*<&,4'/3$-3
22%23%3
43,74,8,/30+3%3;%:693#%7693>4,;,/32:'%9;,+/3
?@AB.35
24%/3$1-/3%C63
&'%D3
+(304%D'642%3?
4E(:(/3FGHIJJKKLMNOPQLNRIJSTNUPKPVLN
WPXYJZNUP[L\ZJ]NUP[L\ZJ]NLQPN^_`QP]La/3
0#?57.35
+b,&/3$0c-/39%:%,33
39%4(&%'+%4/3d%42%4%3
9(
4:('
:(32+ef(7%'3=%&g+'
:(3
#%769+%46/32:'%9;,+/3
=5A6065.3'f
23,f(/3$0c-/39g4&(7
h)
30+
i+(&3
3
&'%Di+(&/35
+b,&37%769+%46/32:'%9
;,+/3
4@4d01.3:%'/3$0-/309:(&+*j
)(&30+
i+(&3
&'%Di+(&39
4(2+
4(35k<+g8g/309'3#%769+%46/3
2:'%9;,+/3
027.3=()%9/3$-/3
7f35e3i3%:(7
'9e2
:(3$%:6+2%26D3#g&:
&36(:%9:39
<(-/34g'%f
7%/3/3
@04.3#%D%4/3$0c-/34g+'g434%79%863@+%4%&3d
9e&6;9e2
+
4/39g4&39%4(f34,4,2,/309&%
4%/3
l/32/3$'
4'(j+
7
9-/3$9%4(f:(<-/3%<4
'(3g9&e43%C63
&'%D3
+(h9(93%:(7
'9%2
:(3$4('%;g+
3
%()-/30776+)6<3#%769+%46/309&%4%/3
#0d07.3d
f2
'/3$0-/34)
;(++(3
7f35%3i3,74,8,/3B3,&3d%';%%:6/32:'%9;,+/3
#56d01.3%:%9/3$m-/3%C63
&'%D3
+(304%D'642%3?
4E(:(/3FnJVJMNUPKPNUP\oJpTqMKJMNrQLN
sJp\LNUP[L\pJMNUPKPNLQPN^_`QP]La/3
#l
4t7.3#,:,331(7%/3$0-/309%)*+,h)%30+
i3
39%f'%C6+%4/3&+
4+
3#%762%3%<64+%7%93
9,4f%93#k4g&e9/34g+'g43%&%9+6863#%769+%46/309&%4%/3
.3u(4(/3$0-/39g4&3%+&34g+'g4g9)
93?
4+
2
+
4/3Fvw\x[NyQLNrQJIJNyQzPVLN{V|L̀J}JMN~_`HM
KPNrQPXNyMJMzQJ\T/34g+'g43%&%9+6863#%769+%46/3
?B?B.3(4C%9/3$1-/3#*+3(+(234g+'g4304%D'642%/3FxSQJ3JpZJITQJ\TMKJNQH[NyMJMJzQJ\TN
N
9
4 34
6 9
3
3 0 53 4 9 0 3 6 33