Medical Diagnosis of Coronary Artery

Disease Using Fuzzy Rule-Based

Classification Approach

Namrata Singh and Pradeep Singh

Abstract Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity
and mortality worldwide including India. Although recent advances in modern
medical science have led to better diagnosis and treatment of CAD, yet its early
detection is still a challenge. Fuzzy classification approaches are used to deal with
uncertainty inherent in medical field. These fuzzy rule-based systems are extremely
effective tools in disease diagnosis as they are capable to develop potential linguistic
models. The aim of this paper is to initially develop a fuzzy rule-based classification
system (FRBCS) based on clinical and epidemiological variables of patients and then
to determine its accuracy in the diagnosis of CAD. The membership functions for
medical attributes were chosen after extensive review of related literature. The rules
were formulated as per the opinion of expert physicians. The present work describes
the risk factors accountable for CAD, fuzzy modeling of clinical variables, rule eval-
uation and defuzzification of the fuzzified outputs to crisp values. The accuracy of
the proposed fuzzy if–then rule classification system is 89%. Further, the present
approach can assist medical practitioners in diagnosing CAD more precisely based
on the fuzzy rules.

Keywords Fuzzy rule-based classification systems · Medical decision support ·

Coronary artery disease diagnosis · Classification · Cardiovascular diseases

1 Introduction

The development of Coronary artery disease (CAD) is described as the slow growth
of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries, causing luminal stenosis. This further
leads to occlusion, thus resulting in myocardial infarction (MI) (Tsipouras et al.

N. Singh (B) · P. Singh

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur
492001, Chhattisgarh, India
e-mail: nsingh.phd2016.cs@nitrr.ac.in
P. Singh
e-mail: psingh.cs@nitrr.ac.in

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 321

A. A. Rizvanov et al. (eds.), Advances in Biomedical Engineering and Technology,
Lecture Notes in Bioengineering,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6329-4_27