Vext 1: Phe Organization of African Unity The Organianion of Alniean Unity (AU) or Organisation de FUnité Atricaine (QUA) war established on 2 May 1963. It was disbanded on 9 July 2002 by its last chairperson, South African Presislent Thabo Mbeki, and replaced by the African Union. AL its creation, OAU hia in aims which were: 1 To promote the unity and solid: African continent. This important to secure Africa's long term economic and politicil future. Years of colonialism had weakened it socially, politically and economically. 2 The OAU was also dedicated to the eradication of all forms of colonialism, as, when it was established. there was still a number of states that had not yet won their independence or were minority-niled. South Africa and Angola were two such countries. The OAU proposed two ways of ridding the continent of colonialism. Firstly, it would defend the interests of independent countries and help to pursue those of still-colonized ones. condly, it would remain neutral in terms of world affairs, preventing its members from being controlled once more by outside powers A Liberation Committee was established to aid independence movements and look after the interests of already-liberated states. The OAU also aimed to stay neutral in terms of global politics, which would prevent them from being controlled once more by outside forces. The OAU had other aims, too: ‘+ Ensure that all Africans enjoyed human rights. «Raise the living standards of all Africans. «Settle disputes between members (not through fighting but rather peaceful and diplomatic negotiation). Soon after achieving independence, a number of African states expressed a growing desire for ‘more unity within the continent. Not everyone agreed on how this unity could be ieved. however, and two groups emerged in this respect: The Casablanca bloc, led by Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, wanted a federation of all African countries, Aside from Ghana. it comprised also Algeria, Guinea, Morocco, Egypt, Mali and Libya. Founded in 1961, its members were described as "progressive states”. ‘The Monrovian bloc, led by Senghor of Senegal, felt that unity should be achieved gradually cooperatic pport the notion of a political tion. Kis other members were Nigeria, Liberia, Ethiopia and most of the former French colonii The dispute was eventually resolved when Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie! invited the wo groups to Addis Ababa, where the OAU and its headquarters were subsequently established. He succeeded to get the two groups sign the Charter of the Organization with a total of 32 independent African states ‘At the time of the OAU's disbanding, 53 out of the 54 African states were members; Morocco left on 12 November 1984 following the admission of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: as the government of Western Sahara in 1982, twon as a collective voice for the y of the African states and ac through 1. Department Website development: United Nat ion 2008Comprehension questions Read the text and answer the questions below using your own words 1) According to the text, what are the consequences of colonisation on Africa? 2) When and why did Morocco leave the organization of African Unity according to the text? 3) Relying on the text, explain how the organization of African Unity intended to ride the continent of colonialism Imagine and give two important reasons why the organization of African Unity was disbanded? 5) Provide two other aims that could be added to the list and give arguments to ‘support your ideas, 4) TI Linguistic competence A) Match the words or expressions with their equivalent meaning in the text: 1. Cause a group or organization to break up or to stop existing 2. Purposes or objectives 3. Solve a problem or a dispute 4. Act of joining small groups in a political unit 5. A base or centre from which an organization directs its aftairs B) What or who do the underlined words in the text refer to? (Please read the text to see these words)Text 2: The Boubou Billionaires There are only a handful of them, and they are all Togolese women. Together they control the most powerful and successful business in West Africa, Their fortunes are immense. They own bakery shops, supermarkets and restaurants. They buy property, villas and sometimes whole buildings. They have investments in the fishing and buildings, They own taxi ard mini. 3h companies. They make enormous amounts of money per day. They belong to a group Known as the Nana Benz -the ‘Boubou Billionaires" Until 1970, Ghanaian women controlled the boubou market. Around that time the ‘cconomic situation in Ghana become unstable, and many companies transferred their business to Lomé. Togolese women traders who had for some time been selling Ghanaian boubous for high prices in Lomé, decided on quick action. They took over the boubou trade and the Nana Benz were born. Over the next twenty years, the Nana Benz became incredibly rch. Although they have ‘no formal training in business, indeed some of the older Nana are illiterate and others had to take lessons to lear to count in French, they run their empires with great skill. These ‘boubou queens’ design all their own patterns. Factories in Europe and Africa then produce the cloth and sew the garments. The Nana do not need to advertise. Publicity is purely by word of mouth, ‘And over the past twenty years the word has spread like wildfire. Thousands of their boubous are sold in markets throughout West Africa every day. In the mornings, retailers! and stall- holders flock to the homes of the Nana Benz, waiting patiently to buy some of the boubous stacked high in the courtyard. There is no credit Cheques are never accepted. Buyers must pay for everything in cash. The cichest retailers can choose what they want; the poorest have to accept the left- overs. And the Nana do all the business themselves. They're not too proud to deal with the man in the street ‘The Nana Benz have great political influence- not just because they are rich and the heads of powerful empires. It is true that the president knows and admires these ladies. And it is also probably true that, if they wished, the Nana could start a strike that would paralyse the country. So the politicians depend on their advice and support. But more importantly, the Nana are admired by all levels of socicty for their loyalty and honesty. Through hard work they have shown that itis possible for Africans to be successful in international business. Adapted from Go for English 3* by K. Cripwell et al. * A person that sells goods to the publicy 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) i) Comprehension questions Read the text above and answer the questions that follow Who are the Nana Benz? How do they make their fortune? “~., Why according to the text, do politicians depend on the Nana Benz? When did the Nana Benz begin to take over the Boubou trade? Why do the Nana Benz deal with the business themselves? Why must the retailers pay for everything in cash? Explain why the Nana Benz are said to be “admired by all levels of society”. Linguistic competence a) Give the false cognate of the following words: Bless, infant, formidable, assist, deceive, intoxicated, glass, ignore, lecture, novel. 5) Give the antonyms of the words that follow Difference, death, danger, violence, quickness, expensive, equal, safe, pleasure, skill.Text3: Not in favour of polygamy Nyasanu, the son of a chief has fallen in love with Agbale, a git! in his village, But she had one thing to ask him, “So now, will you, my love, swear an oath to me?” He stared at her. “What thing, my darling?” he said, “That you will not take another wife. I know! Your father has forty wives. My father has ten. And a man needs many sons and daughters to worship him when he has joined his ancestors. But when I think of another girl kissing you, sharing your sleeping mat, I would rather die. I am strange, but I'd rather give you twenty-three sons all by myself. All male children of one ‘mother, me. Not various women who scream at each other and who hate each other.” He stood there staring at her, stunned by what she was asking. In Africa, to have one wife meant that you were almost a beggar. Girl children were wealth. The gifts a protective son-in-law had to make to the father of the bride were one of the sources of a man's wealth. Another was the house building and work in the fields that the young man and his age-group did for the future father-in-law. Although wedding of sons were costly to the father, the enlarged family compound compensated for it, and the children were an important source of labour. But the ‘most important thing a son could do for a man was to give him an imposing funeral and to establish his cult as an ancestor. ‘So aman needed tens, twenties, even hundreds of children, and such numbers no one women could supply. Therefore Agbale was asking him a terrible thing which would destroy his honour, position, and his peace of mind. Of course if he became chief of the village he would have to marry a large number of women to make sure that people respected his manhood, his wealth and his social position Adapted from English for French-speaking Africa by David Mills & al1. Comprehension questions Read the text above and answer the questions that follow using your own words (do not exceed five (5) lines for each answer): 1) According to the text is Agbale in favour of Nyasanu taking another wife? Why? 2) Relaying on the text explain why Agbale’s request would destroy Nyasanu's honour, position and peace of mind. 3) How do you call the fact that a man gets married with many wives? 4) From Nyasanu’s thinking, do you think he will swear the oath? Support your answer. 5) Do you think that Agbale is right or wrong to ask Nyasanu not to take another wife? Give your reasons. I Linguist competence Explain the underline words in the text:‘Text 5: Travelling ‘The coach? is one of the favourite means of transportation because it allows people to travel in comfort and convenience, free of worries, for a very modest price. On long trips, coaches are air-conditioned and equipped with toilets, ete. these are not luxuries, but necessary for survival. Of course, the train is also a convenient way to admire the scenery’ while you are travelling. Trains are air-conditioned and have restaurants, bars, and sleeping-cars. But in contrast to the coach which network‘ covers whole countries, many towns, and even some countries do not have access by rail and trains rarely eave on time and arrive hours behind schedule’, ‘Therefore, middle class and rich people prefer to travel by car. Indeed, the car is another favourite means of transportation, and one of the best ways to see the country. It is easy and fairly inexpensive to hire or rent® a car. You must be at least 2lyears old and have a valid driver's licence, either one from your country or an international one. In addition travelling by car gives you more freedom. However, the plane is the fastest means of transportation all over the world. You can fly from one coast to the other or from one continent to another in about five hours. Of course, it is more expensive than all the other means of transportation, but airlines do offer advantages to travellers; especially to tourists. Reservation for the first part of your trip by plain must be made 7 days before the date of departure, but reservation for the rest of your trip by plane may be made at any moment. Adapted from: TICKET to RIDE, Marta Dvorak & al. * Coach bus * Scenery. land scape (paysage en Francais) “Network réseau en Frangais) Behuad schedule en retard sur horaire “Hire or vent to borrow, to take or receive something temporarily and with the intent to return1 Comprehension questions According to the text: 1) Give 2 advantages of travelling by coach 2) Give2 reasons why travelling by train is less interesting than travelling by coach 3) Can everyone afford travelling by plane? Why or Why not? 4) Who are airlines’ favourite travellers? 5) Which means of transport do you prefer when you are travelling? Why? UI Linguist competence 1) Read the last paragraph of the text (from “However...up to moment”), and find out all the modal verbs; specify what each modal verb is expressing. 2) Identify the different prepositions that are in the first paragraph of the text (from “The coach... up to survival”) 3) Give the meaning of the idiomatic sentences below: 1- Birds of a feather flock together 2 The early bird catches the worm 3- Practice makes perfect 4- Absence makes the heart grow fonder . ‘S- When the cat is away the mice will play eager gy os 6 Where there is a will there is away 7- A good carpenter is known by his clip 8- Necessity is the mother of invention 9- It’s better fate than never 10-A friend in need is a friend indeedText 5: The generation gap My mother's attitude was completely different. Her hut was close to mine, and their doors faced each other: my mother had only to take a single step, and she was inside my hut. She used to do so without any warming: she never knocked at the door, she just walked straight in, Suddenly. there she would be, standing before us, without the slightest sound from the door; she would look closely at everyone before saying good evening. ‘Oh! It was not the faces of my men friends that she scrutinised; they were my own affair; they did not matter. No, it was the girls’ faces that my mother used to inspect and she very soon picked out the faces she did not like. I must admit that in these gatherings there were sometimes young women of rather loose habits, and whose reputation was a little tamished. But how could | forbid them to come? If they were a little more worldly-wise than was necessary, they were also generally the most amusing. But my mother thought otherwise, and she never used to beat about the bush. “You”, she would say, “What are you doing here? Your place is not with my son. Go back home. If I see you here again, I'll have something to tell your mother about you. I warn you”. If the girl did not make off fast enough, or if she did not extract herself quickly enough from the jumble on the divan, my mother would pull her out by the arm and push her toward the open door. “Go on.” she would cry, “get back home.” Only then she would say good evening to everyone. ‘Text adapted from Camara Laye’s The African Child1. Comprehension questions |. Did the narrator's mother inform him whenever she wanted to go into his hut? 2. Why could she (the mother) easily enter her son’s hut? a4 3. What did the mother want in the son’s hut? % 4. Do you agree with Camara Laye's mother’s behaviour? Justify your answer. pe ve os 5. How would you have felt if you had been Camara Laye? a IL Linguistic competence . Find in the text a synonym to the following words and indicate their paragraphs“and lines: 1. inspected . ered